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Physics Part 3
Periodic Motion Simple Pendulum Waves A wave is defined as
a repeating and periodic disturbance that
Another system
Periodic motion is a type of motion that regularly travels through a medium. A medium is
that follows
repeats, meaning the object returns to its initial any substance or material that carries the
simple harmonic
position after some time or simply motions that wave. As a wave travels through a certain
motion is a
repeats on a regular cycle. medium, energy is being transported from
simple pendulum.
one point to another with transporting
A simple
A special type of vibratory or periodic motion is matter. Excel Review Center
pendulum
Mechanical Waves
called simple harmonic motion. Simple harmonic
consists of a
motion is a motion that occurs when the restoring
concentrated Mechanical waves are waves that requires
force on an object is directly proportional to the
bob, with mass certain medium in order for them to be able
object’s displacement from equilibrium. For simple
m, attached to a to transport energy. Two types of mechanical
harmonic motion, the acceleration of the object is
string, with waves are transverse waves and longitudinal
proportional to its position and is oppositely
length L, of waves.
directed to the displacement from equilibrium.
negligible mass.
Excel
The period, the time required for the
Transverse Wave
k Review
a=− x system to proceed through one complete When the paths in which the particles of
m Center the medium vibrate are perpendicular to
cycle, is:
the motion of the wave, it is said to be a
L transverse wave.
An example of a T = 2
system that g
follows simple where:
harmonic motion
L – length of the pendulum’s string (m)
is the motion of a
block on a g – acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2)
frictionless
surface connected The angular frequency of the pendulum
to a spring. is:

Figure shows a g
Spring and Block
 = 2 f =
system of Simple
where:
L
Longitudinal Wave
Harmonic Motion
f – frequency of oscillation (Hz) When the paths in which the particles of
L – length of the pendulum’s string (m) the medium vibrate are parallel to the
g – acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2) motion of the wave, it is said to be a
longitudinal wave.
Period (T) is the time required for the system to Notice that the period, frequency and
proceed through one complete cycle. angular frequency of the pendulum is
independent of the mass of the bob.
m
T = 2
k Torsional Pendulum
The value of the spring constant, k, can be derived Another system
using Hooke’s Law: that follows simple
Electromagnetic Wave
harmonic motion is Electromagnetic waves are waves that are
F = kx a torsional capable of transporting energy in free space.
pendulum. This
The frequency of the motion indicates how type of pendulum
frequently the motion repeats itself. It has a unit twists back and
Hertz, named after the German scientist, Heinrich forth with respect
Hertz. to its equilibrium
1 1 k position.
f= =
T 2 m The period, the time required for the
system to proceed through one complete
cycle, is:
I
The frequency can also be expressed in terms of T = 2
angular frequency:  Excel Review Center
where:
Transverse WaveMechanical waves
Longitudinal
are waves thatwave
requires
 = 2 f =
k Speed
I – moment of inertia
κ – torsional constant v=
T certain medium in order for
transport energy. v =
E hem to be able to
m  
where: Excel Review Center
where:
of wave T - tension the string is stretched (N)
 - mass per unit length of string (kg/m)
E - modulus of elasticity (N/m2)
 - density (kg/m3)
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