VI Class - CBSE Mathematics - Part - II

5 RATIO AND PROPORTION

Ø Introduction : In our day to day life , we often come across situations where we need to compare
quantities in terms of their magnitudes/ measurements. For example, at the time of admission in a
school we compare the marks of students whereas at the time of recruitment in police we compare
weights / heights of the candidates. Generally, the comparison is done in two ways :
i) By finding the difference of the magnitudes of two quantities. This is known as the comparison
by difference.
ii) By finding the division of the magnitudes of two quantities. This is known as the comparison
by division.
Ø Comparison By Difference : If Ishita and Sanya are two sisters having their weights as 50kg and
40kg respectively, then we can say that Ishita’s weight is greater than Sanyas weight by (50 – 40)kg
= 10kg. Similarly if Ishita’s height is 150 cm. and that of Sanya’s is 125 cm, then we may say that
Ishita is taller than Sanya by (150 – 125) cm, i.e by 25 cm. Thus, we have compared weights and
heights of Ishita and Sanya by finding difference between them, such a comparison is known as the
Comparison by difference.
Ø Comparison by division : In above example, weight of Ishita and Sanya can also be compared by
finding their division.
weight of Ishita 50 5
We have, = =
weight of Sanya 40 4
5
So, we can say Ishita’s weight is times the weight of Sanya.
4
Ishita 's height 150 6
We have , = =
Sanya 's height 125 5
6 6
So, we can say that Ishita’s height is times that of Sanya. We can also say that Ishita is times
5 5
taller than Sanya. Such a comparison is known as comparison by divison.
Thus, we want to see how much more (or less) one quantity is than the other, we compare by difference.
On the other hand, if we want to see how many times more( or less) one quantity is than the other, we
compare by division.
In fact, when we compare two quantities of the same kind by division, we say that we form a ratio of
the two quantities.
RATIO
Definition : The comparision of two quantities of same kind by division is called Ratio.
a
w The ratio of two numbers a and b (b ¹ 0) is a ¸ b or and is denoted by a : b.
b
w The ratio a : b can be read as ‘a is to b’ or ‘a to b’.
w In the ratio a : b, the quantities (numbers) a and b are called terms of the ratio. The former ‘a’ is called
the first term or antecedent and the letter ‘b’ is known as the second term or consequent.
w The ratio of two quantities can be computed if they are in same units.
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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE
Ø Equivalent Ratios : On multiplying (or dividing) each term of a ratio by the same non-zero number
we get a ratio equivalent to the given ratio.
Examples :i) 2 : 3 and 8 : 12 are equivalent ratios.
ii) 60 : 45 and 12 : 9 are equivalent ratios.
Ø Ratio in the Simplest form : A ratio a : b is said to be in the simplest form if the HCF of a and b is l.
Examples :i) The ratio 11 : 15 is in the simplest form since HCF of 11 and 15 is l.
ii) The ratio 15 : 20 is not in the simplest form since the HCF of 15 and 20 is 5 not l.
Note : The ratio does contain any unit.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
1. Find the ratio of the following.
a) speed of a cycle 15km per hour to the speed of a scooter 30km per hour.
b) 5 m to 10 km. c) 50 paise to Rs 5 d) 5 days to 2 weeks e) 3 months to 1 year
Sol: a) The ratio of the speed of a cycle 15km/hour to the speed of a scooter 30km/hour is
Speed of the cycle 15 km / hour 1
= = = 1: 2 .
Speed of the scooter 30 km / hour 2
5m 5m 1
b) The ratio of 5m to 10km = = = = 1: 2000
10 km 10 ´1000 m 2000
50 p 50 p 1
c) The ratio of 50p to Rs5 = = = = 1 : 10
Rs 5 5 ´100 p 10
5days 5days 5
d) The ratio of 5 days to 2 weeks = = = = 5 : 14
2 weeks 14 days 14
3months 3months 1
e) The ratio of 3 months to 1 year = = = = 1: 4 .
1year 12 months 4
2. Convert the following ratios in their simplest form.
i) 40 : 25 ii) 87 : 58 iii) 14 : 21 iv) 42 : 56
Sol: i) 40 : 25
The H.C.F of 40 and 25 in 5
40 40 ¸ 5 8
∴ 40 : 25 = = = = 8: 5
25 25 ¸ 5 5
ii) 87 : 58
The H.C.F of 87 and 58 in 29
87 87 ¸ 29 3
∴ 87 : 58 = = = = 3: 2
58 58 ¸ 29 2
iii) 14 : 21
The HCF of 14 and 21 is 7
14 14 ¸ 7 2
∴ 14 : 21 = = = = 2:3
21 21 ¸ 7 3
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics - Part - II
iv) 42 : 56
The HCF of 42 and 56 is 14
42 42 ¸ 14 3
∴ 42 : 56 = = = = 3:4
56 56 ¸ 14 4
3. Give two equivalent ratios of 5 : 3.
5 5´ 2 10
Sol: Ratio 5 : 3 = = = = 10 : 6
3 3 ´2 6
5 5´3 15
Similarly = = = 15 : 9
3 3´3 9
∴ 10 : 6 and 15 : 9 are two equivalent ratios of 5 : 3.
4. Fill in the missing numbers :
15 10
= = =
18 6 30
Sol: 18 ¸ 3 = 6 and 15 ¸ 3 = 5 .
15 5
So =
18 6
Similarly 5 × 2 = 10 and 6 × 2 = 12
5 10 15 5 10
\ = i.e. = =
6 12 18 6 12
Similarly 6 × 5 = 30 and 5 × 5 = 25
5 25
\ =
6 30
15 5 10 25
i.e. = = =
18 6 12 30
They are all equivalent ratios.
5. There are 20 girls and 15 boys in a class.
a) What is the ratio of number of girls to the total number of boys?
b) What is the ratio of number of girls to the total number of students in the class?
Sol: a) The ratio of number of girls to number boys
Number of girls 20 4
= = = = 4:3
Number of boys 15 3
b) Number of girls = 20
Number of boys = 15
\ total number of students = 20 + 15 = 35
\ The ratio of number of girls to the total number of students
Number of girls 20 4
= = = =4 : 7
Total number of students 35 7
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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE
6. See the figure and find the ratio of
a) Number of triangles to the number of circles inside the rectangle.
b) Number of squares to all the figures inside the rectangle.
c) Number of circles to all the figures inside the rectangle.
Sol: a) Number of triangles = 3
number of circles = 2
number of triangles 3
\ ratio = = = 3: 2
number of circles 2
b) Number of squares = 2
number of total figures = 7
number of squares 2
\ ratio =
number of total figures
= = 2 : 7.
7
c) Number of circles = 2
Number of total figures = 7
number of circles 2
\ ratio = = = 2:7.
number of total figures 7
7. In a year Seema earns Rs 1, 50,000 and saves Rs 50,000. Find the ratio of
a) Money that Seema earns to the money she saves
b) Money that she saves to the money she spends.
Sol: a) The money Seema earns = Rs 1, 50,000
The money she saves = Rs 50,000
The money Seema earns Rs1,50,000 3
\ ratio =
The moneyshesaves
=
Rs 50,000
= = 3:1 .
1
b) The money she saves = Rs 50,000
The money she spends = Rs 1,50,000 – Rs 50,000
= Rs 1,00,000.
The money she saves Rs 50,000 1
\ ratio = = = =1:2 .
The money she spends Rs1,00,000 2
8. Cost of a dozen pens is Rs 180 and cost of 8 ball pens is Rs 56. Find the ratio of the cost of a pen
to the cost of a ball pen.
Sol: Cost of a dozen pens = Rs 180
Rs180
\ cost of a pen = = Rs 15 (3 1 dozen = 12 units)
12
Similarly cost of 8 ball pens = Rs 56
56
\ Cost of 1 ball pen = Rs = Rs 7
8
cost of the pen Rs15 15
\ The ratio of the cost of a pen to the cost of a ball pen = = = = 15 : 7 .
cost of the ball pen Rs 7 7

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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics - Part - II
9. Divide 20 pens between Sheela and Sangeeta in the ratio 3 : 2.
Sol: The ratio is 3 : 2
i.e the two parts are 3 and 2.
\ Total parts = 3 + 2 = 5 and total number of pens = 20
3
\ Share of Sheela = ´20 =12
5
2
Share of Sangeeta = ´ 20 = 8
5
10. Mother wants to divide Rs 36 between her daughters Shreya and Bhoomika in the ratio of
their ages. If age of Shreya is 15 years and age of Bhoomika is 12 years, find how much Shreya
and Bhoomika will get.
Sol: The age of Shreya = 15 years
The age of Bhoomika = 12 years.
15 5
\ ratio of their ages = = = 5: 4
12 4
\ Two parts are 5 and 4
\ Total parts = 5 + 4 = 9
and Total money = Rs 36
5
\ Share of Shreya = ´36 = Rs20
9
4
Share of Bhoomika = ´36 = Rs16 .
9
11. Present age of father is 42 years and that of his son is 14 years. Find the ratio of
a) Present age of father to the present age of son.
b) Age of the father to the age of son, when son was 12 years old.
c) Age of the father 10 years to the age of son after 10 years.
d) Age of father to the age of son when father was 30 years old.
Sol: a) Present age of father = 42 years
Present age of son = 14 years
Present age of father 3
\ ratio =
Present age of son
= = 3:1 .
1
b) Present age of son = 14 years
When the age of son was 12 years then the age of father was = 42 – 2 = 40 years.
age of father 40 years 10
\ ratio = = = = 10 : 3
age of son 12 years 3
c) After 10 years,
age of father = 42 + 10 = 52 years
age of son = 14 + 10 = 24 years

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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE

age of father 52 years 13

\ ratio = = = = 13:6
age of son 24 years 6
d) When father was 30 years old i.e 42 – 30 = 12 years before the age of son = 14 – 12 = 2 years.
age of father 30 years 15
\ ratio = = = = 15 : 1 .
age of son 2 years 1

EXERCISE
1. Length and breadth of a rectangular field are 50 m and 15m. respectively. Find the ratio of the length
to the breadth of the field.
2. There are 45 persons working in an office. If the number of females is 25 and the remaining are
males, find the ratio of
a) The number of females to the number of males.
b) The number of males to the number of females.

14 6
3. Fill in the following blanks : = = =
21 3 24

4. Divide Rs 60 in the ratio 1 : 2 between Kriti and Kiran.

5. Out of 30 students in a class, 6 like football, 12 like cricket and remaining like tennis. Find the ratio of
a) Number of students liking football to the number of students liking tennis.
b) Number of students liking cricket to total number of students.
6. Distances travelled by Hamid and Akhtar in an hour are 9 km and 12 km. Find the ratio of speed of
Hamid to the speed of Akhtar.
7. Find the ratio of the following :
a) 81 to 108 b) 98 to 63
c) 33 km to 121 km. d) 30 minutes to 45 minutes
e) 30 minutes to 1.5 hours f) 40 cm. to 1.5 m.
g) 55 paise to Rs. 1 h) 500 ml to 2 litres.
8. There are 102 teachers in a school of 3300 students. Find the ratio of the number of teachers to the
number of students.
9. In a college , out of 4320 students, 2300 are girls. Find the ratio of
a) Number of girls to the total number of students.
b) Number of boys to the number of girls.
c) Number of boys to the total numbers of students.
10. Out of 1800 students in a school, 750 opted basketball, 800 opted cricket and remaining opted table
tennis. If a student can opt only one game, find the ratio of
a) Number of students who opted basketball to the number of students who opted table tennis.
b) Number of students who opted cricket to the number of students opting basketball.
c) Number of students who opted basketball to the total number of students.

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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics - Part - II

PROPORTION
Ø Definition : “ An equality of two ratios is called Proportion”. i.e if two ratios a : b and c : d are equal
then a, b, c, d are said to be in proportion.
w The equality of two ratios a : b and c : d, can be written as a : b = c : d or a : b : : c : d and it can
be read as “a is to b as c is to d”
w In the proportion a : b : : c : d, a, b, c, d are known as first, second, third and fourth proportional
respectively .
w In a proportion a : b : : c : d, a and d are called as extremes and b and c are called middle terms
(or) means.
w In a proportion of four terms.
Product of extremes = Product of means.
i.e If a, b, c, d are in proportion then, a : b = c : d and so that ad = bc
w If ad ¹ bc then a : b ¹ c : d and hence a, b, c, d are said to be not in proportion.
Ø Continued Proportion :
Three numbers a, b, c are said to be in continued proportion if a, b, b, c are in proportion.
i.e if a, b, c are in proportion, then
a:b=b:c
Þ a×c=b×b
Þ b2 = ac
Ø Mean Proportion : If a, b, c are in proportion, then ‘b’ is called the mean proportional between a and c.
Hence b2 = ac

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
1. Are the ratios 45g : 60g and 36kg : 48 kg in proportion ?
45 3
Sol: 45g : 60g = = =3:4
60 4
36 3
36 kg : 48 kg = = =3:4
48 4
\ 45 kg : 60 g = 36 kg : 48 kg
Hence 45g : 60g and 36 kg : 48 kg are in proportion.
2. Are 30, 40, 45 and 60 in proportion?
30 3
Sol: Ratio of 30 to 40 = = =3:4
40 4
45 3
Ratio of 45 to 60 = = =3:4
60 4
\ 30 : 40 = 45 : 60
Hence 30, 40, 45 and 60 are in proportion.

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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE
3. Are the following statements are true?
a) 40 persons : 200 persons = Rs 15 : Rs 75
b) 7.5 litres : 15 litres = 5 kg : 10 kg.
40 1
Sol: a) 40 person : 200 persons = = =1: 5
200 5
15 1
Rs 15 : Rs 75 = = = 1: 5
75 5
\ 40 persons : 200 persons = Rs 15 : Rs 75 (True).
7.5 1
b) 7.5 litres : 15 litres = = = 1: 2
15 2
5 1
5 kg : 10 kg = = =1: 2
10 2
\ 7.5 litres : 15 litres = 5 kg : 10 kg. (True)
4. Are 25 cm : 1m and Rs 40 : Rs 160 form a proportion? Write the middle terms and extreme
terms.
25 cm 25 cm 1
Sol: 25 cm : 1m = = = = 1: 4
1m 100 cm 4
Rs 40 1
Rs 40 : Rs 160 = = = 1: 4
Rs160 4
\ 25 cm : 1 m = Rs 40 : Rs 160
Hence 25 cm : 1m and Rs 40 : Rs 40 : Rs 160 form a proportion.
middle terms are 1m and Rs 40
extreme terms are 25 cm and Rs 160.
5. If 36 : 81 : : x : 63, find the value of x.
Sol: Clearly product of means = product of extremes
Þ 81 × x = 36 × 63
36´ 63
Þ x= = 28
81
Hence x = 28.
6. If 36 : x : : x : 16, find the value of x.
Sol: Clearly, product of means = product of extremes
\ x × x = 36 × 16
Þ x2 = 6 × 6 × 4 × 4
Þ x = 6´ 6´ 4 ´ 4 = 6´ 4 = 24 .
Hence x = 24.
7. If 25, 35, x are in continued proportion , find the value of x.
Sol: 25, 35, x are in continued proportion
Þ 25, 35, 35, x are in proportion
Þ 25 × x = 35 × 35 (Product of extremes = Product of means)
35´35
Þ x= = 49 .
25

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8. The first, third and fourth terms of a proportion are 12, 8 and 14 respectively then find the
second term.
Sol: Let the second term = x
\ 12, x, 8, 14 are in proportion.
\ Product of means = Product of extremes
Þ x × 8 = 12 × 14
12 ´14
Þ x= = 21
8
Hence the second term is 21.
9. Find the mean proportional between 9 and 25
Sol: Let the mean proportional is x.
\ 9, x, x, 25 are in proportion
\ Product of means = Product of extremes
Þ x × x = 9 × 25
Þ x2 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
Þ x = 3´ 3´ 5´ 5 = 3´ 5 = 15
Hence the mean proportion between 9 and 25 is 15.

EXERCISE
1. Determine whether the following are in proportion.
a) 15, 45, 40, 120 b) 33, 121, 9, 96 c) 24, 28, 36, 48 d) 32, 48, 70, 210
e) 4, 6, 8, 12 f) 33, 44, 75, 100
2. Write True (T) or False (F) against each of the following statements :
a) 16 : 24 : : 20 : 30 b) 21 : 6 : : 35 : 10 c) 12 : 18 : : 28 : 12 d) 8 : 9 : : 24 : 27
e) 5.2 : 3.9 : : 3 : 4 f) 0.9 : 0.36 : : 10 : 4.
3. Are the following statements true ?
a) 99kg : 45 kg = Rs 44 : Rs 20
b) 32 m : 64 m = 6 sec : 12 sec
c) 45 km : 60 km = 12 hours : 15 hours
4. Determine if the following ratios form a proportion. Also, write the middle terms and extreme terms
where the ratios form a proportion.
a) 39 litres : 65 litres and 6 bottles : 10 bottles b) 2 kg : 80 kg and 25 g : 625 g.
c) 200 ml : 2.5 litre and Rs 4 : Rs 50 d) 15 cm : 2 m and 10 sec : 3 sec.
5. If in a proportion, the first, second and fourth terms are 32, 112 and 217 respectively, find the third
term.
6. Find x in the following proportions.
i) x : 6 = 55 : 11 ii) 18 : x = 27 : 3 iii) 7 : 14 = 15 : x iv) 16 : 18 = x : 96
7. If 4, x, 9 are in continued proportion then, find the value of x.
8. Show that the following numbers are in continued proportion :
i) 36, 90, 225 ii) 48, 60, 75 iii) 16, 84, 441
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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE
Ø Unitary Method :
Definition: The method in which first we find the value of one unit and then the value of required
number of units is known as Unitary method .
The simple rules for this method are
i) to get more, we multiply
ii) to get less, we divide.
Example :- If 15 oranges cost < 60, What is the cost of 39 oranges ?
to get the solution first we should find the cost of 1 orange then we can find the cost of required
oranges. This method is called Unitary method. In this method
Value of given number of articles 60
Value of one article = = = < 4.
Number of articles 15
and value of required number of articles = value of one article × required number of articles.
= 4 × 39 = < 156

ILLUSTRATED EXAMPLES
1. A truck runs 492 km on 36 litres of diesel. How many kilometers can it run on 33 litres. of
diesel?
Sol: Distance covered on 36 litres ofdiesel. = 492 km.
492
\ Distance covered on 1 litre of diesel.= km.
36
492
\ Distance covered on 33 litres of diesel. = × 33 km.
36
= 451 km.
Hence on 33 litres of diesel the truck can run 451 km.
2. 25 bags of wheat, each weighing 50 kg cost Rs 10,000. Find the cost of 35 bags of wheat each
containing 40 kg.
Sol: Total weight of 25 bags of 50 kg each = (25 × 50)kg = 1250 kg.
Total weight of 35 bags of 40 kg each = (35 × 40)kg = 1400 kg.
\ Cost of 1250 kg of wheat = Rs 10,000
10,000
Cost of 1 kg of wheat = Rs
1250
10,000
Cost of 1400 kg of wheat = Rs ´1400
1250
= Rs 11, 200
Hence, the cost of 35 bags of 40 kg each is Rs 11, 200.
3. If the cost of 7m cloth is Rs 294, find the cost of 5 m of cloth.
Sol: Cost of 7m of cloth = Rs 294
294
Cost of 1m of cloth = Rs
7
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics - Part - II

294
\ Cost of 5m of cloth = Rs ´5
7
= Rs 210
Hence the cost of 5m cloth is Rs 210.
4. Cost of 5 kg of wheat is Rs 30.50.
a) What will be the cost of 8kg of wheat?
b) What quantity of wheat can be purchased for Rs 61?
Sol: a) Cost of 5 kg of wheat = Rs 30.50
30.50
Cost of 1 kg of wheat = Rs
5
30.50
Cost of 8 kg of wheat = Rs × 8 = Rs 48. 80
5
\ The cost of 8 kg of wheat is Rs 48.80.
b) The quantity of wheat can purchase for Rs 30.50 = 5 kg.
5
The quantity of wheat can purchase for Re 1 = kg.
30.50
æ 5 ö
The quantity of wheat can purchase for Rs 61 = çç ´ 61÷÷÷ kg
çè 30.50 ø
= 10 kg.
Hence 10 kg of wheat can be purchased for Rs 61.
5. Cost of 4 dozen bananas is Rs 60. How many bananas can be purchased for Rs 12.50?
Sol: The number of bananas can be purchased for Rs 60
= 4 dozen
= 48
The number of bananas can be purchased for Re 1
48
=
60
The number of bananas can be purchased for Rs 12.50
48
= × 12.50 = 10
60
Hence 10 bananas can be purchased for Rs 12.50.
6. Raju purchases 10 pens for Rs 150 and Manish buys7 pens for Rs 84. Can you say who got the
pens cheaper?
Sol: For Raju, cost of 10 pens = Rs 150
150
Cost of 1 pen= Rs
10
150
\ Cost of 7 pens = Rs ´ 7 = Rs105
10
and for Manish cost of 7 pens = Rs 84
Hence Manish got the pens cheaper.

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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE

EXERCISE
1. If the cost of 6 cans of juice is Rs 210, then what will be the cost of 4 cans of juice?
2. A motar bike travels 220 km on 5 litres of petrol. How much distance will it cover on 1.5 litres of
petrol?
3. If the cost of a dozen soaps is Rs 153.60, what will be the cost of 15 such soaps?
4. Cost of 105 envelops is Rs 35. How many envelops can be purchased for Rs 10?
1
5. A car travels 90 km in 2 hours.
2
a) How much time is required to cover 30 km, with the same speed?
b) Find the distance covered in 2 hours with the same speed.
6. Ekta earns Rs 1500 in 10 days. How much will she earn in 30 days?
7. If it has rained 276 mm in the last 3 days, how many cm of rain will fall in one full week (7 days)?
Assume that the rain continues to fall at the same rate.
8. The temperature dropped 15 degree celsius in the last 30 days. If the rate of temperature drop remains
the same, how many degrees will the temperature drop in the next ten days?
9. Shaina pays Rs 7500 as rent for 3 months. How much does she pay for a whole year, if the rent per
month remains same?
10. The weight of 72 books is 9 kg. What is weight of 40 such books?
11. A truck requires 108 litres of diesel for covering a distance of 594 km. How much diesel, will be
required to cover a distance of 1650 km?
12. Anish made 42 runs in 6 overs and Anup made 63 runs in 7 overs. Who made more runs per over?

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. Multiple Choice questions :
1. A ratio 92 : 115 in its simplest form is [ ]
a) 23 : 25 b) 18 : 23 c) 3 : 5 d) 4 : 5
2. If 57 : x : : 51 : 85 then the value of x is [ ]
a) 95 b) 76 c) 114 d) 104
3. If 25 : 35 : : 45 : x, then the value of x is [ ]
a) 63 b) 72 c) 54 d) 82
4. If 4 : 5 : : x : 35, then the value of x is [ ]
a) 42 b) 32 c) 54 d) 28
5. If a, b, c, d are in proportion then [ ]
a) ac = bd b) ad = bc c) ab = cd d) a = d
6. If a , b, c are in proportion then [ ]
a) a2 = bc b) b2 = ac c) c2 = ab d) a2 b2 = c2

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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics - Part - II
7. Among the following, correct statement is [ ]
a) (5 : 8) > (3 : 4)
b) (5 : 8) < (3 : 4)
c) Two ratios cannot be compared
d) None of these
8. If < 760 is divided between A and B in the ratio 8 : 11 then B’s share is [ ]
a) < 440 b) < 320 c) < 430 d) < 330
9. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 7 and the sum of these numbers is 252. The larger of these numbers
is [ ]
a) 85 b) 119 c) 105 d) 147
10. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 3: 5 and its perimeter is 90 cm. The length of its largest side
is [ ]
a) 40 cm b) 50 cm c) 30 cm d) 54 cm
11. The ratio of boys and girls in a school is 12 : 5. If the number of girls is 840 then the total strength of
the school is [ ]
a) 1190 b) 2380 c) 2856 d) 2142
12. If the cost of 12 pens is < 138, then the cost of 14 such pens is [ ]
a) < 164 b) < 161 c) < 118.30 d) <123.50
13. If 24 workers can build a wall in 15 days, then the number of men will be required to finish it in 20
days is [ ]
a) 52 b) 31 c) 18 d) 65
14. In a fort, 550 men had provisions for 28 days, then the number of days will they last for 700 men is
7
a) 22 days b) 35 days c) 34 days d) None of these[ ]
11
15. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 3 : 1 : 2. The measure of the largest angle is [ ]
0 0 0 0
a) 30 b) 60 c) 90 d) 120
16. If the cost of 5 bars of soap is < 82.50, then the cost of one dozen such bars is [ ]
a) < 725 b) < 192 c) < 198 d) < 204
17. If the cost of 30 packets of 8 pencils each is < 600, then the cost of 25 packets of 12 pencils each is
a) < 725 b) < 750 c) < 480 d) < 720 [ ]
18. A rail journey of 75 km costs < 215, then a journey of 120 km cost is [ ]
a) < 344 b) < 324 c) < 268.75 d) None of these
19. The ratio of 8 hours to 2 days is [ ]
a) 4 : 1 b) 6 : 1 c) 1 : 4 d) 1 : 6
20. The ratio of 90 cm to 1.5 m is [ ]
a) 5 : 3 b) 3 : 5 c) 1 : 9 d) 9 : 1
21. <800, when divided in the ratio of 3 : 5 is [ ]
a) <300, <600 b) <400, <400
c) <600, <300 d) <300, <500

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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE
22. The ratio equivalent to 18 : 12 is [ ]
a) 2 : 3 b) 3 : 2 c) 5 : 1 d) 1 : 5
23. Which of the following are in proportion? [ ]
a) 10, 12, 6, 5 b) 6, 10, 12, 5
c) 5, 6, 10, 12 d) 5, 6, 12, 10
24. Ratio of 1 dozen to 1 score is (Hint : 1 score = 20) [ ]
a) 3 : 5 b) 5 : 3 c) 12 : 24 d) 24 : 20
25. The ratio of 5kg to 5g is [ ]
a) 100 : 1 b) 1000 : 1 c) 10 : 1 d) 20 : 1

II. Fill in the Blanks.

1. In a proportion, the first and the fourth terms are called as ___________.
2. A comparision of numerical value is called a ___________.
3. The first term in the ratio is known as ___________.
4. The second term in the ratio is known as ___________.
5. The simplest form of 38 : 133 is ___________.
6. The second and third terms of a proportion are called as ___________.
7. The ratio of 5 hours to 180 minutes is ___________.
8. If the cost of 2 dozens of bananas is <20, then the cost of 120 bananas is ___________.
9. In a proportion, product of extremes = ___________.

p r
10. If = , then p, q, r and s are in ___________.
q s

III. Very short answer questions :

1. In a class of 60 students, there are 40 boys. Find the ratio of girls to the total number of students.
2. Find the cost of 4 pencils, if the cost of 1 dozen pencil is <60.
3. If the distance travelled by a car in 3 hours is 120 km, then find the distance travelled by car in
5 hours.
4. The cost of 30 m cloth is <450. Find the cost of 26 m cloth.
5. A dealer buys 120 packets of tea for <4,320. How many packets can be buy for <6,480.
6. Akul purchased 10 pens for <150 and Manish buys 7 pens for <84. Who bought pens cheaper?
7. The first, third and fourth terms of a proportion are 18, 27 and 36 respectively. Find the second term.
8. Find the value of ‘x’ in the proportion: 5 : 10 :: x : 30.
9. A rectangular sheet is of length 2.4 m and breadth 80 cm. Find the ratio of its breadth to its length.
10. Check whether the numbers 40, 30, 60 and 45 are in proportion.

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KEY
I. Multiple Choice Questions :
1) d 2) a 3) a 4) d 5) b 6) b 7) b 8) a
9) d 10) b 11) c 12) b 13) c 14) a 15) c 16) c
17) b 18) a 19) d 20) b 21) d 22) b 23) c 24) a
25) b

II. Fill in the Blanks.

1) extremes 2) ratio 3) antecedent 4) consequent 5) 2 : 7 6) means
7) 5 : 3 8) <100 9) product of means 10) proportion

III. Very short answer questions :

1) 1 : 3 2) <20 3) 200 km 4) <390 5) 180 6) Manish 7) 24 8) 15
9) 1 : 3 10) Yes

MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE
1. The ratio of the number of male and female workers in a textile mill is 5 : 3. If there are 115 male
workers, find the number of female workers.
2. Divide Rs 1575 between Kamal and Kunal in the ratio 7 : 2.
3. Two numbers are in the ratio 11 : 12 and their sum is 460. Find the numbers.
4. The ratio of the length of a field to its width is 5 : 3. Find its length if the width is 42 metres.
5. The ratio of income to expenditure of a family is 7 : 6. Find the savings if the income is Rs 14000.
6. In a proportion, the 1st, 2nd and 4th terms are 51, 68 and 108 respectively. Find the 3rd term.
7. If 9, x, x, 49 are in proportion, find the value of x.
8. An electric pole casts a shadow of length 20 m at a time when a tree 6m high casts a shadow of length
8m. Find the weight of the pole.
9. If 16, 84, x are in continued proportion then find the value of x.
10. The ratio of copper and zinc in the alloy is 9.8 kg, find the weight of copper in the alloy.
11. If 15 tins of the same size contain 234 kg of oil, how much oil will there be in 10 such tins?
12. 24 workers can build a wall in 15 days. How many days will 9 workers take to build a similar wall?
13. If the sales tax on a purchase worth < 60 is < 4.20. What will be the sales tax on the purchase of
worth < 150?
14. A family of 4 members consumes 6 kg of sugar in a month. What will be the monthly consumption of
sugar, if the number of family members becomes 6 ?
15. The weight of 45 folding chairs is 18 kg. How many such chairs can be loaded on a truck having a
capacity of carrying 4000 kg load?

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Mathematics - Part - II VI Class - CBSE

COMPETITION CORNER FOR OLYMPIADS

I. Straight objective type questions :

1. Sunitha earned Rs 40,000 and paid Rs 5,000 as income tax. Then the ratio of income tax to in-
come is
a) 5 : 4 b) 1 : 8 c) 8 : 1 d) 4 : 5 [ ]
2. If 18, x, x, 50 are in proportion then the value of x is [ ]
a) 10 b) 15 c) 30 d) 900
3. If the cost of 5 bars of a soap is < 30, then the cost of one dozen bars is [ ]
a) < 60 b) < 120 c) < 72 d) < 140
4. The ratio of boys and girls in a school is 12 : 5. If there are 840 girls in the school, then the number
of boys is [ ]
a) 1190 b) 2380 c) 2856 d) 2016
5. The ratio 384 : 480 in its simplest form is [ ]
a) 3 : 5 b) 5 : 4 c) 4 : 5 d) 2 : 5

II. Multi answer type questions :

6. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5. If its perimeters is 100cm the length of its smallest side
is
a) 2 cm b) 20 cm c) 0.2 m d) 2 m [ ]
7. The weight of 40 folding chairs can be loaded on a truck having a capacity of carrying 4000 kg load
is
a) 103 b) 104 c) 102 d) 100 [ ]

III. Assertion and Reason type questions :

8. Assertion (A) : If 40, 30, x and 45 are in proportion then the value of x is 70.
Reason (R) : An equality of two ratios is called a proportion. [ ]
a) Both A and R is true, R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is true, R is not correct explanation of A.
c) A is true R is false
d) A is false R is true.
9. Assertion (A) : The greatest among 7 : 6 and 24 : 9 is 7 : 6.
Reason (R) : A ratio obtained by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator of a
given ratio by the different number is called an equivalent ratio. [ ]
a) Both A and R is true, R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is true, R is not correct explanation of A.
c) A is true R is false
d) A is false R is true.

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IV. Statement type questions :
10. Statement A : The ratio of 200gms to 4 kg is 1 : 20
Statement B : 25 bags of wheat each weighing 40 kg cost Rs 2750 then the cost of 35 bags of
wheat if each bag weights 50 kg is Rs 4812.50ps [ ]
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true and B is false d) A is false and B is true
11. Statement A : A bullock - cart travels 24 km in 3 hours and a train travels 120 km in 2 hours then
the ratio of their speed is 3 : 15
Statement B : If 0.75 : x : : 5 : 6 , then x is equal to 0.9 [ ]
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true and B is false d) A is false and B is true
V. Matrix Matching :
Column I Column II
12. The simplest form of 175 : 400 a) 13 : 22
12 a b c d
n 21
13. The value of n if = b) 21 13 a b c d
10 70
14. The smallest among 7 : 16 and c) 7 : 16 14 a b c d
13 : 22 15 a b c d
15. 4 candles cost Rs 7 then the cost d) 3
of 1 dozen candles is

KEY
1) b 2) c 3) c 4) d 5) c 6) b, c 7) c, d 8) d
9) d 10) a 11) c 12) c 13) d 14) a 15) b

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