MIL
• DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS
Emphasis – the value given to a part; getting the
__________gist of the approach
Appropriateness – how the text is suitable for the
_______________target audience; purpose, tone,
_______________clarity, style
Proximity – how near or far the text is from each
__________other
Alignment – text positioning (left, center, right,
___________justified)
Organization – conscious effort or the connection
____________and order; compartmentalizing
Repetition – consistency of the elements (most
__________ especially fonts and alignment)
Contrast – Visual Interest; different formats or
_________patterns to create clarity
• VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA
- are materials, programs, applications, and the
like that teachers and students use to formulate
new information to aid learning through the use,
analysis, evaluation, and production of visual
images.
▪ COMMON VISUAL FILE TYPE
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
- web graphics
- most web-friendly format
- compromising the quality
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
- web graphics/ animation/ clip art
- worst for web graphics; great at loading fast
- 256 color index
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
- web graphics/ logos and line art
- millions of colors
- transparent background; big-> small = still clear
▪ TYPES OF VISUAL MEDIA
Images, videos, and infographics
▪ FORMALLY PRODUCED VISUAL MEDIA
- produced by formal organizations such as
schools, government, and established
media/publishing outfits
▪ PURPOSE OF VISUAL INFORMATION
- To gain attention
- To create meaning
- To facilitate retention
▪ VISUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS
✓ Line - describes a shape or outline; thick
and thin
⬧ Horizontal – stability and balance
⬧ Vertical – growth and scale; power
and prominence
⬧ Diagonal – energy and movement
⬧ Curve – pulls the eye through;
s-curve = meandering
✓ Shape - shapes have 2 dimensions and are
measured by their height and width
- defined by boundaries such as
with lines or color and negative space
⬧ Geometric - ruler or compass;
control or order
⬧ Organic - freehand or nature;
natural feel
✓ Value - the degree of light and dark in a
design
✓ Texture - surface feels or is perceived to
feel
⬧ Image - organic or geometric
- tantalize the senses
- environmental, biological,
______man-made
⬧ Pattern - manufactured and
structured; Triggers our visual
senses
▪ SHAPE VS FORM
Form - volume and thickness
Color - hue (name)
- saturation (intensity)
- value (lightness or darkness)
▪ COLOR SCHEME
harmonious relationships of colors on a color
wheel
⬧ Monochromatic - shades of a single
color
⬧ Complementary - opposite colors in
the color wheel combination of
warm and cool colors
⬧ Analogous - neighbor each other on
the color wheel One color
dominates, the second supports,
and the third to accent
⬧ Triadic - three colors arranged
evenly spaced around the color
wheel
▪ COLORS IN FILMS
Discordant colors – refocus the viewer's
attention on a specific object
Associative colors – represent character or
theme
Transitional colors – change in story timeline
Color theory norms should be understood by
filmmakers, but never seen as a limitation.
• AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA
- Media communication that uses audio or
recordings to deliver and transfer information
Hearing – perceiving sound; ears; effortless;
involuntary
Listening – concentration to digest information;
intentional; conscious mind
▪ AUDIO FILES
✓ RADIO BROADCAST
- live or recorded audio sent through
radio waves to reach a wide audience
✓ MUSIC
- Vocal or any instrumental sounds
combined in such a way as to produce
beauty
✓ SOUND CLIPS/EFFECT
- any sound other than music or speech,
artificially produced to create an effect
✓ AUDIO PODCAST
- a digital audio or video file recording,
usually part of themed series, that can be
downloaded from a website
▪ STORING AUDIO MEDIA
✓ TAPE - Magnetic tape on which sound can
be recorded
✓ CD (compact disc) - plastic-fabricated,
circular medium
✓ USB DRIVE - An external flash drive, small
enough to carry on a key ring
✓ MEMORY CARD - Flash memory or
storage card, is a small storage medium
✓ COMPUTER HARD DRIVE - hardware
component that stores all of your digital
content
✓ INTERNET/CLOUD - Websites for
retrieving audio files, and more precisely
the files are stored in some data center
full of servers
▪ AUDIO FILE FORMAT
✓ MPEG (Audio Layer 3) – common format
for consumer audio
✓ MP4A/AAC (advance audio recording) –
audio recording standard for lossy digital
audio compression
✓ WAV – Microsoft audio file; standard for
storing bitstream
✓ WMA (windows media audio) –
compression technology developed by
Microsoft with windows media player
▪ PURPOSE OF AUDIO INFORMATION
- give instruction or information
- provide feedback
- to personalize or customize
▪ SOUND DESIGN
- is the art and practice of creating
soundtracks for a variety of needs
- It involves specifying, acquiring or creating
auditory elements using audio production
techniques and tools
▪ ELEMENTS OF SOUND DESIGN
✓ Dialogue - speech, conversation, or voice
over
✓ Sound effects - any sound other than
music or dialogue
✓ Silence - absence of audio or sound
✓ Music - Vocal or any instrumental sounds
combined in such a way as to produce
beauty
▪ GENRE
✓ ROCK
- performed by bands that include the
electric guitar, bass guitar and drums, and
with at least one singer
- Characterized by a driving beat
- associated with youth revolt and
transgression
✓ JAZZ
- Core of other genres like blues and rock
- complex harmony, syncopated rhythms,
and a strong emphasis
- early 20th century—primarily among
African-Americans
✓ HIP HOP/RAP
- incorporating rhythmic and/or rhyming
speech and/or rhythmic yelling, chanting
✓ BLUES
- melancholy subjects and sounds
- developed to address other subjects and
emotions, adopting a wider purpose of
‘chasing the blues away’ with music
- mimic the sound of walking or the sound
of a train passing by
✓ CLASSICAL
- Western musical tradition
- serious and to have a lasting value
✓ METAL
- best known for powerful drumming,
aggressive vocals, distorted guitar chords,
and low-range bass notes
✓ RNB
- rhythm and blues
- developed after World War II that
combines elements of gospel, blues, and
jazz with a strong backbeat
- manifestation of particular emotions
✓ COUNTRY
- rural areas of South and West America
in the early 20th century
- ballads, folk songs, and popular songs of
the English, Scots, and Irish settlers
- electric and steel guitars to drums and
mandolin or mouth organ
 ✓ EDM
- Electronic Dance Music
- DJs who add dozens of tones to a piece
to create unique music
- electronically with digital analog
equipment, and is designed to be danced
to
- repetitive beat and a synthesized
backing track
✓ REGGAE
- Jamaica in the 1960s but quickly spread
throughout the rest of the world
- meaning rags or ragged clothing
- Jamaican patois, a dialect of English
✓ POP
- designed for mass appeal and
commercial success
- catchy, upbeat, and popular
- verses, choruses, and possibly a bridge
✓ K-POP
- South Korea
- internationally popular, aesthetic-
driven, trendsetting
• MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA
- is visual media that gives the appearance of
movement
- graphics, footage, and videos combined with
audio, text, and/or interactive content to create
multimedia
▪ FLIPBOOK
- one of the earliest forms of animation
- the primary principles of a flipbook are still
useful in producing materials, films,
television shows, or any motion-based
media presentation
▪ MOTION MEDIA
- each picture is a frame and that motion is
created by rendering or showing
consecutively several frames per second
- 24 frames (pictures) or more per second
makes for smooth animation.
- videos, film, and slides also make use of
frames
- the series of graphics or images follow a
sequence to create a story = storyboard
▪ PRODUCTION OF MOTION MEDIA
✓ INFORMAL = personal use
✓ FORMAL = created by professionals who
follow industry standards in creating,
editing, and producing motion media
▪ FORMALLY PRODUCED
- writing the story - writers and directors
create the storyboard
- script is written and dialogue is recorded
- animators sketch major scenes
- background music and background details
are added
- drawings are rendered
▪ ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF MOTION
DESIGN
- discipline that applies the principles of
graphic design to filmmaking and video
production
✓ SPEED
- highlights the tone of the
movement
- fast movement= vigor and vitality,
intensifying emotions
- slow movement = lethargy,
solemnity or sadness
✓ DIRECTION
- indicates a movement from one
direction to another
- it can also refer to the growing or
shrinking of an object
✓ MOTION PATH
- Refer to the spatial movement that
a thing or an animated object will
take
- Displays the change in direction of
a certain movement
✓ TIMING
- explain or strengthen the message
- Objective = can be measured in
minutes, seconds, days, etc
- Subjective = is psychological or felt
• CINEMATOGRAPHY
- is the art and craft of making motion
pictures by capturing a story visually
- writing with movement
✓series of shots that form a cohesive
narrative
✓composes each shot, considering, that
everything in the frame demands attention
▪ CAMERA PLACEMENT
- significant emotional impact
- convey character behavior
▪ SHOT SIZES
- the scope or size of the shot
- different types of camera shots in film or
video = different narrative value
▪ SHOTS

o ESTABLISHING SHOT
- shot at the head of a scene that clearly
shows us the location of the action

o Extreme Wide Shot (EWS)

- subject appears small against their
location
- can be used to make your subject feel
distant or unfamiliar

o Wide Shot (WS) or Long Shot (LS)

- shot that balances both the subject and
the surrounding imagery
- keep the entire subject in frame while
giving context to the environment

o Full Shot (FS)

- subject fills the frame, head to toe,
while still allowing some features of the
scenery
- can be used to feature multiple
characters in a single shot

o Medium Wide Shot (MWS)

- frames the subject from roughly the
knees up

o Cowboy Shot (CS)

- frames the subject from roughly mid-
thighs up

o Medium Shot (MS)

- frames from roughly the waist up and
through the torso
- one of the most common camera shots

o Medium Close Up (MCU)

- frames your subject from roughly the
chest up

o Close Up (CU)
- reveals a subject’s emotions and
reactions
- frame is filled with the actor's face or an
important feature, detail, or object

o Extreme Close Up (ECU)

- frame with your subject, and is so close
that we can pick up tiny details that
would otherwise be difficult to see