1

Design of Interception and Diversion

mains Presently Carrying Wastewater to
Bager Khal and its Pumping to
STP under Kanchrapara Municipality

A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering

Submitted by

Manoj Karmakar
Kaustav sahu
Uttam barman
Md Belal

Under the guidance of

Prof.AMITAVA GANGAPADHYAY

Netaji subhash eNgiNeeriNg College

KolKata -700152
 2

Acknowledgment

Project is part of our study where we clearly understand the actual relationship among
theory and its practical application and also have the opportunity to create something
new. This type of work needs lots of hard work, energy, and concentration.

We are very thankful to our college and department that they allow us to do this kind
of project in the middle of our course.

We convey our special thanks to our mentor Prof. Amitava Gangopadhyay, Senior
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Mr. Pradipta Sarkar, General
Manager, J.B. Enviro Consultants Pvt. Ltd. for their excellent guidance that help us to
complete our project. Mr. Sarkar gave us all the support and guidance that we needed.
Because of him, we could do this kind of project which has the scope of application in
future. It is very tough for us to find the appropriate words of thanks to him.

Manoj Katmkar Kaustav Sahu

Uttam Barman Md. Belal

 3

Certificate of approval
This is hereby certified that this report titled “Design of Interception and Diversion
mains Presently Carrying Wastewater to Bager Khal and its Pumping toSTP under
Kanchrapara Municipality” carried out and presented by Manoj Karmakar, Kaustav
Sahu, Md Belal and Uttam Barman, final year students of Department of Civil
Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College affiliated to the Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology, in a manner satisfactorily to warrant its
acceptance as a pre-requisite for the degree of Bachelor of Technology of the
University. It is hereby understood that by this approval the undersigned do not
necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion
drawn therein but approve the project only for the purpose for which it is submitted.
.

Prof. Uttam Kr.Auddy Prof. Amitava Gangopadyay

Professor and Head Senior Professor and
Supervisor of the Project

Department of Civil Engineering

Netaji Subhash Engineering College
Kolkata - 700152
 4

Index
Chapter Content Page No.
1 Introduction
a. Project area details
b. Salient features of the project
2 Present Status and Future Objectives
3 Population Forecasting
a. Methodologies of Population Forecasting
b. Population Forecasting of the Project Area
4 Design of Sewer
a. Procedure for Design of Sewer
b. Design of Sewer of the Project Area with Calculations
5 Design of Sewage Pump House and Pumping Main
a. Design Procedure
b. Determination of Pump Capacity and Number of Pump
c. Design of Pumping Main/ Pressure Main/Common
Header
6 Summary and Conclusions
References
 5

Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Preamble
The objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the pollutants to less than
maximum permissible limits to prevent the threat to the environment and human
health. To achieve this, wastewater is collected and treated in large plants before it is
permitted to be released back into the environment. Collection of wastewater and
transportation to the treatment plant is an essential part to be looked into with due
importance for the sake of good performance of the entire project.
1.2 Background of the Project
A brief account on the background of the project, its relevance and context is given in
the following sections to present a better and complete perspective to the reader. The
sections have been presented to guide the reader in a structured way first to recognize
the problem of river pollution of this most important river in India and justify the
requirement of remedial measures being planned to protect it from such pollution in
future on a sustainable basis.
1.3 Project Area Details
● Kanchrapara Municipality is located in the district of North 24 Parganas in West
Bengal.
● M/s J B Enviro Consultants Private Limited has been retained by KMDA to
provide the necessary consultancy services for preparation of a Detailed Project
Report for submission under Namami Ganga scheme on “Interception and
Diversion of the drains falling in Bager Khal under Kanchrapara Municipality”

● A work order was subsequently issued to the Consultants, vide KMDA letter no.
EE/GAP (EB-1)/2W-05/2017-18/6C dated 10.01.2018, specifically advising to
prepare the DPR in line with the Guidelines for Preparation of Project Reports
under Namami Ganga.

● In line with this, Consultants started their work by contacting the concerned
municipality and started holding talks, technical sessions with the concerned
municipal officials. They also made site visits with these officials, conducted
reconnaissance survey, organised field and topographical surveys in order to
identify problem areas and frame the Interception and Diversion scheme
accordingly

a) Geographical Area
● Kanchrapara is located at 22.56°N 88.26°E. It has an average elevation of 10
metres (32 feet).

● Kanchrapara is bounded by Kalyani and Gayespur in Nadia district on the north,

Jayanpur, Palladaha, Kampa, Srotribati, Chandua and Jetia on the east and
Halisahar on the south and west. Bijpur is a neighbourhood in Kanchrapara.
 6

● 96% of the population of Barrackpore subdivision (partly presented in the map

alongside) live in urban areas. In 2011, it had a density of population of 10,967
per km2.The subdivision has 16 municipalities and 24 census towns.

● Police station- Bijpur police station under Barrackpore Police Commissionerate

has jurisdiction over Kanchrapara and Halisahar Municipal areas.

● Post Office - Kanchrapara has a delivery sub post office, with PIN 743145 in the
North Presidency Division of North 24 Parganas district in Calcutta region.

● The other post offices with the same PIN are Bagermore, Binodnagar, Chandmari
Road, Palashi, Kanchrapara Loco Shop, Barajonepur, Chandua, Majhipara and
Saliadaha.
7
 8

b) Climate
● In summer, average maximum temperature remains about 38°C.
● In Monsoon, average rainfall is approximately 1,400 mm.
● In winter, average minimum temperature remains at around 12°C.

c) Socio-Economic Status
i) Population Demographics
As per the 2011 Census of India, Kanchrapara (municipal area + outgrowth) had a
total population of 129,576, of which 65,436 (51%) were males and 64,140 (49%)
were females. Population below 6 years was 9,947. The total number of literates in
Kanchrapara was 108,092 (90.36% of the population over 6 years).

ii) Culture
● Kanchrapara has the Krishna-Raya Temple, dedicated to Lord Krishna, which is a
point of attraction. Other attractions of the town include religious temples like the
Dakat Kali Mandir and Station Kali Bari.
● There are also mosques in the city. Churches are found predominantly in the
Kanchrapra Railway Workshop Complex and in Jonepur.
● The Kanchrapara Municipality organises Vivek Chetana Utsav, Subhash Chetana
Utsav and Rabindra Jayanti every year to commemorate the birth anniversaries of
Vivekananda, Subhash Chandra Bose and Rabindranath Tagore respectively.
● The Vishwakarma Puja is conducted in the Kanchrapara Railway Workshop every
year with great pomp and splendour.
● Annual Cricket tournament, the Kanchrapara Premiere League (KPL), is held in
the playground behind the Kanchrapara College during the winter.
 9

d) Commercial Aspects / Industrial Activities

● This municipality area is famous for its railway maintenance yard. This area is
urban in nature and most part is currently being used for residential purpose.
● Railway area constitutes about 2/3rd of total municipal area of 9.07 sq km. There
are 5 Wards (wards 1, 2, 3, 22, and 23) within railway area. Major portion of
municipal area is residential (50.55%) and the second most important land use is
roads and services (26.71%).
● Kanchrapara has grown to a vibrant trading centre having a wide hinterland,
trading has earned a second economic activity status after the railway industries.
● Timber Industry - Wooden furniture-making and timber harvesting are the major
 10

economic factors at Kanchrapara.

● KMDA - Kanchrapara Municipality is included in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area
for which the KMDA is the statutory planning and development authority.

e) Infrastructure
● As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Kanchrapara Municipal city covered
an area of 9.06 km2, subdivided into 24 wards.

● Amongst the civic amenities it had 160.23 km of roads and both open and closed
drains. Amongst the educational facilities .It had 48 primary schools, 14 middle
schools, 14 secondary schools, 14 senior secondary schools, 1 degree college for
arts/science/commerce and 8 non-formal education centres.

● Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 3 stadiums, 2

auditoriums/ community halls, 3 cinema/theatres, 6 public libraries and 6 reading
rooms.

● It had several bank branches, including those of Indian Bank, State Bank of India,
Bank of Baroda, UCO Bank, Punjab National Bank, Axis Bank, and ICICI Bank
among others.

● Kanchrapara has 3 petrol pumps, one near Gandhi More(East Kanchrapara),

another at Litchu Bagan (Central Kanchrapara), and a yet another at Bag more
(West Kanchrapara).

f) Transport
● Airfield: Kanchrapara Airfield (for special military purpose).
● Railway: Kanchrapara railway station. EMU Trains, UP towards Krishnanagar
City, Shantipur, Ranaghat, Chakdaha, Gede & Kalyani Simanta, DOWN towards
Naihati, Barrackpore, Dumdum, Sealdah, Budge Budge, Princep Ghat &
Majherhat. Lalgola Passenger & MEMU.
● Roads & Highway: Kalyani Expressway, Kabiguru Rabindra Path, Kanchrapara
Jaguli Road connects to NH 12 (old numbering NH 34). Private buses running
across the town consist of route no. 85 to Barrackpore, route no. 88 to Barasat,
route no. 22 to Nimtala, route no. 27 to Kalyani Simanta.

● Private Bus: 85 Barrackpore Court – Shyamnagar – Naihati – Kanchrapara, 88

Barasat – Amdanga – Jaguli – Kanchrapara, 22 Kanchrapara – Haringhata –
Nimtala, 27 Kanchrapara – Kalyani Simanta, E48 Kanchrapara – Jaguli – Barasat
– New Town – Salt Lake Karunamoyee.
 11

g) Education
● There is a college named Kanchrapara College under the University of Kalyani.
● Schools such as Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Kanchrapara and Kendriya Vidyalaya
No.2 Kanchrapara are also present in the locality which is under the Ministry of
Human Resource Development, Government of India.

● Other well-known educational institutes are St. Joseph's School, Kanchrapara

Harnett English Medium School (C.B.S.E), Kanchrapara Harnett High School for
Boys, Kanchrapara Indian Girls' High School, Kanchrapara Municipal
Polytechnic High School, Kanchrapara Sharada Devi Uchcha Baalika Vidyalaya,
Jonepur High School for Boys, Jonepur Girls School,

● Kanchrapara High School (W.B.B.S.E.), Kanchrapara Albatross School,

Kanchrapara Shree Mandhari High School (H.S) (Hindi Medium), Kanchrapara
Janta High School (H.S) (Hindi Medium), Kanchrapara Ram Prasad High School
(H.S) (Hindi Medium) all are present within the jurisdiction of Kanchrapara
Municipality.

● Kanchrapara houses Indira Gandhi National Open University centre from where
students can receive higher distance education at minimal costs.

h) Healthcare
● Kanchrapara Railway Hospital functions with 220 beds and Shibani Arogya
Niketan with 8 beds.
● Private health units include Night Angel Nursing Home, etc. North 24 Parganas
district has been identified as one of the areas where groundwater is affected by
arsenic contamination.

i) Cuisine
● Kanchrapara is well renowned for its sweets- especially its gujiya and traditionally
cooked rasgulla.

j) Notable people

● Ishwar Chandra Gupta, renowned Bengali poet, was born at Rathtallah, Gram
Kanchrapara.
● Tarak Nath Das, Indian Revolutionary and one of the first American Indians
● Mukul Roy, Former National vice-president of BJP. Presently in TMC
 12

1.2 Salient Features of the Project

SN Parameter Description

1 Location Kanchrapara Municipal Town, North 24

Parganas, West Bengal
2 Census Population 1,29,576 in 24 municipal wards
2011Projected 1,40,261in year 2020 (Design Base

Population year) 1,57,891in 2035

(Intermediate phase) 1,75,429 in
2050 (Ultimate phase)
3 Municipal Area 9.07 sq km. (3 sq km. Non-rail or Municipal
area and the rest under railway area)
4 Industrial Area About 6.07sqkm.covered by Railway area
5 HFL of Bager Khal (As per +6.22 m GTS
information received from
Kanchrapara Municipality)
6 Existing Water Supply About 9.44 MLD groundwater and 7.4 MLD
treated surface water are supplied daily as
per data received from Municipality.
7 Existing Sewerage/Sanitation No centralized sewerage system.
80% household with septic tank + soak pit,
10% with only septic tank, 5% pour flush
toilet.
8 Existing Solid Waste 50 MT of solid waste generated daily.
Management
 13

9 Proposed Interception and1. 1. Supplying and LayingofRCC–NP3

Diversion Scheme
Pipe 1300 mm dia.

2. Interception Structure for Fixing 3 nos.

Sluice gate at Bager Khal.
3. Interception and Diversion Structure for
Fixing1 no Sluice Gate at Diversion point of
Bager Khal.
Construction of Main Pumping Station.
4. Supplying and Laying of Pumping main
from MPS to STP – 1500m Long – 600mm
dia. including structural steel Bridge for
crossing Bager Khal.

5. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant

of Capacity 18 MLD including Civil,
Electro mechanical and instrumentation job
Complete.
6. Operation and Maintenance cost has
been considered for 15 Years.
7. Cost to be incurred towards ESAMP and
GAAP has also been considered in this
project.
 14

Chapter 2
Present Status and Future Objectives

2.1 Present Status

1. Untreated wastewater from Kanchrapara makes way to the river through Bager
Khal and existing Irrigation Canal and ultimately contributes to the river pollution
load in River Ganga.

2. Also, the only big industrial establishment is the Railway Workshop discharging
their partially treated/untreated wastewater into municipal surface drains.

3. Kanchrapara municipality has an ongoing scheme to lay new ductile iron

distribution lines and replace existing AC pipes.

4. There is no existing underground sewage collection system in Kanchrapara

Municipality. This adversely impacts ambient health and hygiene in and around the
town.

5. As given in DDP, about 15% of the households do not have sanitation facility.
Families in railway area who are not provided with any sanitary facilities belong to
slum areas. There is no community/toilets in public places.

6. Frequently the drains require de-silting due to narrow road and thus there is no
provision of covered drain.

7. North 24 Parganas district has been identified as one of the areas where
groundwater is affected by arsenic contamination.

8. During rainy season, flooding problem is reported near the railway culvert in ward
6. The existing nullah below this culvert is very much silted which has
significantly reduced its carrying capacity. The water logging problem is
aggravated by inadequate draining of water through this nullah.

9. Existing Bager Khal is also heavily silted mainly no maintenance work was taken
up in the past to dredge the canal to regain its original capacity and past dumping
of solid waste in its course.
 15

2.2 Future Plan and Objective

1. There is also a plan to set up about 25 new bore wells to enhance the supply rate.
2. Low cost community toilets, one for every 3 families, may be provided for slums.
3. Low cost sanitary latrines for individual families may be provided outside slum
keeping provision of user end charges on monthly basis.
4. Underground drainage system through expansion of road width may be explored in
the DDP.
5. After sewerage system is provided, the network of road side drains will be used
only to convey storm water run-off.
6. In the new sewerage scheme, all the community toilets, house connections, and
sanitation facilities will have to be connected to proposed sewage collection
network. This arrangement will ensure all wastewater generated within the
municipality is contained inside the sewers and transported to the treatment facility
for adequate treatment.
7. Objective of the proposed project is to divert the wastewater going to Bagher Khal
to Sewage treatment plant.
 16

Chapter 3
Population Forecasting
3.1 Importance of population projection
Design of water supply and sanitation scheme is based on the projected population of
a particular city, estimated for the design period. Any underestimated value will make
system inadequate for the purpose intended; similarly overestimated value will make
it costly. Change in the population of the city over the years occurs, and the system
should be designed taking into account of the population at the end of the design
period.
Factors affecting changes in population are:
• increase due to births
• decrease due to deaths
• increase/ decrease due to migration
• increase due to annexation.

The present and past population record for the city can be obtained from the census
population records. After collecting these population figures, the population at the end
of design period is predicted using various methods as suitable for that city
considering the growth pattern followed by the city.
 17

Population projections are attempts to show how the human population living today
will change in the future. Population projection is important since it helps people i.e.
government, researchers, and make decisions about the future. Here are some possible
ways that people use the result of population projection.

1. Estimate the basic need for human, such as demand for food, water, power,
transportations.

2. Plan constructions such as housing, highways etc.

3. Estimate the labour forces in various places.

4. Estimate the potential consumptions in various regions.

5. Benefit sociological research, such as providing data about sex ratio or age

3.2 Population Forecasting

Population Data for Kanchrapara Municipality

Year Population
1961 68966
1971 78768
1981 88798
1991 100196
2001 126191
2011 129576

There are many methods of population forecasting. Some of the methods are
used for estimating population of Kanchrapara Municipality for three different
design years. Considering three design years viz. Base Year- 2020; Intermediate
Year- 2035; Ultimate Year- 2050.

a) Arithmetic Increase Method

This method is suitable for large and old city with considerable development. If
it is used for small, average or comparatively new cities, it will give low result
than actual value. In this method the average increase in population per decade
is calculated from the past census reports. This increase is added to the present
population to find out the population of the next decade. Thus, it is assumed
that the population is increasing at constant rate.
 18

Year Population Increase in

Population
1961 68966 ---
1971 78768 9802
1981 88798 10030
1991 100196 11398
2001 126191 25995
2011 129576 3385
Total --- 60610

Mean (X’) = (sum of events)/(no of events) = 60610/5 = 12122

Pn = Po+ n*X’

Where, Pn is the population after n decade and Po is present population.

n= (Pn - last population year which is given)/10

For Base Year---

Pb = 129566 + 0.9 * 12122 = 140485.8 = 140486

For Intermediate Year---

Pi = 129576 + 2.4 * 12122 = 158669

For Ultimate Year---

Pu = 129576 + 3.9 * 12122 = 176852

b) Geometric Increase Method

In this method the percentage increase in population from decade to decade is

assumed to remain constant. Geometric mean increase is used to find out the
future increment in population. Since this method gives higher values and
hence should be applied for a new industrial town at the beginning of
development for only few decades. The population at the end of nth decade
‘Pn’ can be estimated as:
 19

r= (R1*R2*R3*R4*R5)^(1/m) , where (m)= no of R

n= no of decades.

Year Population Increase in Increase in

Population population (%)
K = (Col3/col2)*100
1961 68966 ---
1971 78768 9802 R1= 14.21
1981 88798 10030 R2= 12.73
1991 100196 11398 R3= 12.83
2001 126191 25995 R4= 25.94
2011 129576 3385 R5= 2.68
r= 11.004

For Base Year---

Pb = 129576*(1+ (11.004/100)) ^ 0.9 = 142341

For Intermediate Year--

Pi = 129576*(1+ (11.004/100)) ^ 2.4 = 166470

For Ultimate Year---

Pu = 129576*(1+(11.004/100)) ^ 3.9 = 194691

c) Incremental Increase Method

This method is modification of arithmetical increase method and it is suitable

for an average size town under normal condition where the growth rate is found
to be in increasing order. While adopting this method the increase in increment
is considered for calculating future population. The incremental increase is
determined for each decade from the past population and the average value is
added to the present population along with the average rate of increase.

Hence, population after nth decade is Pn = P+ n.X’ + {n (n+1)/2}.Y’

Where, Pn = Population after nth decade
X’= Average increase Y’ = Incremental increase
 20

Year Population Increase in Incremental

Population Increase
1961 68966 ---
1971 78768 9802
1981 88798 10030 +228
1991 100196 11398 +1368
2001 126191 25995 +14597
2011 129576 3385 -22610
Total 60610 -6417

Here, X’= 60610/5 = 12122 , Y’ = -6417/4 = -1604.25

For Base Year---

Pb = 129576 + 0.9*12122 + ((0.9*(0.9+1))/2)* -1604.25 = 139114

For Intermediate Year---

Pi = 129576 + 2.4*12122 + ((2.4*(2.4+1))/2)* -1604.25 =152123

For Ultimate Year---

Pu = 129576 + 3.9*12122 + ((3.9*(3.9+1))/2)* -1604.25 =161523

Averages of all the values obtained by three different methods with respect to
each design year are shown in the following.

For Base Year, Pb = 140647

For Intermediate Year, Pi = 159087

For Ultimate Year, Pu = 177689

 21

Chapter 4
Design of Sewer
4.1 Procedure of Design of Sewer
Step 1: Forecasting of population by three methods for three design years and
finding the design values for three different design years by taking average of
the three values obtained by three different methods.

Step 2: Obtaining the average wastewater generation values for three different
design years by multiplying the population by the per capita water supply (135
lpcd) and assuming 80% of water supply as wastewater.

Step 3: Finding the peak wastewater generation by multiplying the average

flow by peak factor based on population.
 22

Step 4: Groundwater Infiltration should be considered.

Infiltration should be added to peak wastewater flow to have the design flow for three
different design years.
 23

Step 5: Designing of sewers

24
 25

4.2 Estimation of Sanitary Wastewater

Population
Base year =140647
Intermediate year = 159087
Ultimate year = 177689

Per capita water supply as per CPHEEO recommendation = 135 lpcd

140647 x 135
Quantity of water supply in base year = ------------------ =219.76 l/s =0.219m3/s
24 x 60 x 60

Considering 80% of water supply be the wastewater discharge and finding the
maximum discharge by multiplying the average discharge by the peak factor

Quantity of peak discharge, Qb = 0.8 x 2.25 x 0.219 = 0.3942 m3 /sec

Considering infiltration as 5% of the wastewater flow.

Quantity of wastewater, design value, Qbd = 1.05 x 0.3942 = 0.413m3 /sec

0.8 x 2.25 x 159087 x 135

Peak flow of wastewater, Qi = ------------------------------ =447.43 l/s = 0.447
24 x 60 x 60
m /sec at intermediate year.
3

Allowing infiltration as 5% of the wastewater flow,

Design wastewater flow in the intermediate year, Qid = 1.05 x 0.447 =0.469 m3 /sec
0.8 x 2.25 x 177689 x 135
Peak flow of wastewater, QU = ------------------------------ =499.75 l/s =0.499
24 x 60 x 60
m /sec at Ultimate year.
3

Allowing infiltration as 5% of the wastewater flow,

Design wastewater flow in the intermediate year, Qud = 1.05 x 0.499 = 0.523 m3 /sec

Sl No. Design year Peak flow, m3/sec

1. Base year 0.413
2. Intermediate year 0.469
3. Ultimate year 0.523
 26

Design Depth of Flow

The sewers shall not run full as otherwise the pressure will rise above or fall below
the atmospheric pressure and condition of open channel flow will cease to exist.
Moreover, from consideration of ventilation, sewers should not be designed to run full.
In case of circular sewers the Manning’s formula reveals that
The velocity at 0.8 depth of flow is 1.14 times the velocity at full depth flow.
The discharge at 0.8 depth of flow is 0.98 times the discharge at full depth flow.

Design of the sewer is based on peak flow of ultimate year.

As per clause 3.15.5 of CPHEEO manual
d/D = 0.8 (where, d = actual depth D= Diameter of the sewer)
From above table, q/Q = 0.98 (where, q = actual flow, Q = Full flow)
Actual flow in the ultimate design year q =0.523 m3 /sec

Full flow = 0.523/0.98 = 0.533 m3 /sec

Assuming full flow condition, flow through sewer = area of sewer x velocity through
sewer.

Assuming minimum actual velocity for ultimate peak flow = 0.8 m/sec (Table 3.9)

From table, for d/D =0.8 v/V= 1.14 (where, v= actual velocity
V = full flow velocity)

Hence, full flow velocity = 0.8 /1.14= 0.7

 27

Flow through sewer 0.533

Area of sewer, A = ----------------------------- = -------------- = 0.761 m2
Velocity through sewer 0.7

4 x 0.761
Diameter of the sewer = D = √ ------------------ = 0.9843 m = 984.3 mm
π
Provide a circular sewer of diameter = 1000 mm

From Manning’s formula

0.7 = (1/0.011) x (1.0/4)^(2/3) x s^(1/2) [For Spun concrete pipes(RCC)with S/S

joint, n = 0.011]
(r =D/4 =1.0/4)
s =0.0194
1/2

s = 0.00037(approximately 1 in 3000)

(as per table 3.13 minimum slope for pipes having diameter ≥ 525 mm =1 in 1000)
Check for minimum velocity for the base year.

Peak flow for the base year =0.413

Full flow = (π/4) x d^2 x 0.7 = (π/4) x (1.0)2 x 0.7 =0.549 m3 /sec (assuming full flow
velocity as 0.7 m/sec)

Then q/Q = 0.413/0.549= 0.7522

Given in the table, q/Q = 0.7258 v/V = 1.120

q/Q =0.9781 v/V = 1.140

1.140-1.120

From table, v/V = 1.120 + ------------------- (0.7522-0.7258)

0.9781-0.7258

= 1.122

Actual flow velocity in the base year = 0.7 x 1.122 = 0.785 m/sec, which is greater
than 0.6 m/sec, recommended minimum velocity for base year.
 28

Chapter 5
Design of Sewage Pump House and Pumping Main
5.1 Data Provided
Ground level at Pump house - 0.00 m
Ground level at STP LOCATION - (+) 2.00m
Wet well sump dia. of Pump house
IL of incoming sewer dia. - (-) 4.0 m
Pipe material - DUCTILE IRON

a) Sewage Pump House Design

b)
Peak flow at ultimate stage = 0.523 m3/s = 1883 m3/hr.
Considering retention time = 6 min [Good practice is to consider retention time = 6 t0
10 min]
Pump house sump capacity = (1883 x 6)/ 60 = 188.3 m3
Considering dia. of the sump (wet well) = 7 m
Hence,
188.3 = (π x 7^2)/4 x h
h = 4.89 m
Adopting effective depth of pump house = 4.9 m which is greater than 1.18 m

Capacity of sump provided = [(π x 7^2 )/4] x 4.9 = 188.57 m3 , which is greater than
required sump capacity =188.3 m3

So, the dia. of the sump (wet well) is fixed at 7 m

And effective depth of pump house = 4.9 m

Suppose gravity inlet line entering into the wet well of pump house at about (-)4.00 m

Ground level at wet well cum pump house site = 0 m

Considering free board = 300 mm = 0.30 m

So, maximum water level (MWL) = [(-) 4.00m -0.30 m] = (-) 4.30 m

Low water level (LWL) = [(-) 4.30 -4.9] m = (-) 9.20 m [Effective depth of pump
house =4.9 m]
 29

Here, non-clog submersible pump will be used.

For that submergence depth of pump considered = 0.7m [This data should purely
come from pump vendor.]

Hence, wet well sump bottom level = [(-) 9.20 -0.70] m = (-) 9.9m

As, ground level (G.L) at wet well/pump house site = (+) 0.00 m

So, overall depth of pump house =9.9m

b) Pump Capacity and Number of Pump Determination

Capacity of each pump should be considered for the projected flow of intermediate
year.

Peak flow at intermediate year = 1688.4m3/hr.

So, 2 nos. of pumps each of capacity 844.2 m3 /hr may be provided.

So total number of pump = 2 nos. of pumps each of capacity 844.2 m3 /hr (working) +
2 nos. of pumps each of capacity 844.2 m3 /hr ( Standby)

2(w) +2 (S) = 100% standby pumps should be there to tackle any worst situation like
pump malfunctioning or complete breakdown of pumps

c) Design of Pumping Main/ Pressure Main/Common Header

Peak flow at ultimate stage = 1883 m3 /hr = (1883 x24)/10^3= 45.192 MLD

= [1883/ (60x60)] = 0.523 m3 /sec

Height of inlet chamber of STP = = (+) 2.00 m

G. L of wet well pump house site = (+) 0.00 m

Wet well sump bottom level = (-) 9.9m

So, suction level of pump (from which the pump will suck water) = (-) 9.9 m
Delivery level of pump (to which the pump will deliver water) = (+) 2.00 m
Static head of pump = (9.9 +2.00) =11.9 m
Let distance between Terminal Pumping Station (TPS) and Sewage Treatment Plant
(STP) =100 m
Ductile Iron (D.I) pipe will be used as a pumping main.
Hazen William formula will be used for pumping main design.

Q = 1.292 x 10^-5 x C x D^2.63 x S^0.54

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Where, C = Hazen William constant for lined ductile iron = 140

D = Diameter of pipe considered =800 mm
Q = Peak flow =1883 m3 /hr

So, 1883 = 1.292 x 10^-5 x 140 x (800)^2.63 x (H/100)^0.54 [where H = frictional

head loss)
H = 0.1
By solving the equation above the frictional head loss (H) is obtained as 0.5 m.
Minor losses (in bends /valves) = 10% of 0.1 m = 0.01 m

Total frictional head loss = 0.1+ 0.01 m =0.11 m

Residual head considered = 2.00 m
Station loss considered = 1.00 m

Total head required for pumps = Static head + Total frictional head loss + Residual
head + Station loss
= 11.9 m +0.11m + 2.00 m + 1.00 m = 15.01 m

d) Velocity check for ultimate flow through pumping main

Applying Hazen William formula

V = 4.567x 10^-3 x C x D^0.63 x S^0.54

= 4.567x 10^-3 x 140 x (800)^0.63 x (0.11/100)^0.54 (Total frictional head
loss = 0.11m)
= 1.08 m/sec

Velocity through the pumping main needs to be kept in the ranges between 1.00
m/sec and 1.50 m/sec preferably
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Chapter 6
Summary and Conclusions
6.1 Summary

a) Population Projection

On the basis of populations of the concerned municipal area for the last 5 decades the
populations have been estimated for three different years [base year (2020),
intermediate year (2035) and ultimate year (2050)] by three different methods. The
average of the populations thus found by the three methods are 140647 (2020),
159087 (2035) and 177689 (2050).

b) Estimation of Sanitary Wastewater

The average wastewater generation values for three different design years are
evaluated by multiplying the population by the per capita water supply (135 lpcd) and
assuming 80% of water supply as wastewater. The peak wastewater generations are
found by multiplying the average flow by peak factor based on population.
Groundwater Infiltration has been added to peak wastewater flow to have the design
flow for three different design years. The peak flows for three different design years
are 0.413 m3/sec for the base year (2020), 0.469 m3/sec for the intermediate year
(2035) and 0.523 m3/sec for the ultimate year (2035).

c) Design of the Sewer

Based on the peak flow of the ultimate year and following the clauses provided in the
CPHEEO Manual the diameter and slope of the sewer line has been evaluated. The
diameter of the sewer has been calculated as 984 mm and the diameter provided as
1000 mm. Based on this design value of the diameter the slope of the pipe has been
estimated from Manning’s formula, taking a suitable value of n corresponding to
material of the sewer and the value of the slope has been obtained as 0.00037. The
minimum value of the velocity for the base year has been checked and found to be
0.785 m/sec, which is greater than the recommended minimum value of 0.6 m/sec.

d) Sewage Pump House Design

Overall depth of pump house has been calculated as 9.9 m.

e) Determination of Pump Capacity and Number of Pumps

Total numbers of pumps have been designed as 4 no of pumps in total [2 nos. of

pumps (working) + 2 nos. of pumps (Standby)] each of capacity 844.2 m3/hr.
 33

f) Design of Pumping Main/ Pressure Main/Common Header

After considering all types of head losses it has been estimated that the total head
required for pumps is 15.01 m and velocity through pumping main for ultimate flow
has been checked and found to be 1.08 m/sec.

6.2 Conclusions
In the conclusive remarks it may be mentioned that for the overall design of the sewer,
pump house, number of pumps and pumping main, care should be taken to follow
meticulously the guidelines provided by the CPHEEO Manual in this respect. At the
same time in some cases practical experience plays a vital role to finally decide on the
economic aspect of the design.

Secondly, some design years have been prefixed for the design of sewer line (30
years), pump house (30 years), pumps (15 years). All types of civil constructions have
been designed based on 30 years design period. Design years cannot be extended
beyond this design period from the consideration of economy. But the planner and
designer should have a clear-cut view to keep provision of future expansion,
especially land, after the design period also. Pumps need to be replaced after the
design life of the same.
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References
1. Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment – CPHEEO, Ministry of Works and
Housing, Government of India, New Delhi
2. Environmental Engineering Part II – S. K. Garg – Khanna Publishers
3. Environmental Engineering - Peavy, H.S, Rowe, D.R, Tchobanoglous, G Tata
McGraw Hill Indian Edition
4. Wastewater Treatment Plants- Planning, Design and Operation- Syed R. Qasim- CBS
International Edition
5. Internet