Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Kinetics)

2
 Rate of Reaction)

A( ) B( )

-
[A] A t

[B] B t

3
 Rate of Reaction)

50
Number of molecules

40

30

20

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

4
 Rate of Reaction)

1) average rate : rav

[R]0
Concentration of reactants, [R]

[R]1

[R]

[R]2
t
t1 Time (sec) t2

5
 Rate of Reaction)

2) instantaneous rate : rinst

Concentration of reactants, [R]

Time (sec)

rinst 6
 Rate of Reaction)

aA + bB cC + dD

A B rate

7
Rate of Reaction)

8
 Rate of Reaction)

NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) NO

Ms NO2 O2

9
 2 /V0 +02 (g) → 2N 0
(g) <
(g)
#¥ ¥
ง
DI =
-0.0 แ Mls =

0.03PM /s
ฆื¥ ¥ %งาน
โ i.#
° 0
=
-

= ะ ^ -

¥[ 0.0แ] =

[
แทง
¥
" = อ .
ว
ญู
 Rate Law)

1) Differential rate law

2) Integrated rate law

10
 Rate Law)
1) Differential rate law

aA + bB cC + dD

k= rate constant
m= reaction order A m n
n= reaction order B
m+n=

!!! 11
 Rate Law)
m+n=
m+n=
m+n=
m+n=
aA + bB cC + dD

= (m = a n = b)
simple reaction
(m a n b)
elementary action

12
 Rate Law)

2NO + O2 2NO2
=

2N2O5 4NO2 + O2

N2O5 NO2 + NO3

NO2 + NO3 NO2 + NO + O2
N2O5 + NO 3NO2

13
 Rate Law)

A+B C A

14
 Rate Law)
F2(g) + 2ClO2(g) 2FClO2(g)
[F2] (M) [ClO2] (M) M/s
x
x
x

1) 2)
: x 10-3 = k(0.10)m(0.010)n (1)
: x 10-3 = k(0.10)m(0.040)n (2)
: x 10-3 = k(0.20)m(0.010)n (3)

15
 Rate Law)

F2(g) + 2ClO2(g) 2FClO2(g)

3) m n
(1) (3) x 10-3 = k(0.10)m(0.010)n (1) (2) x 10-3 = k(0.10)m(0.010)n
x 10-3 k(0.20)m(0.010)n x 10-3 k(0.10)m(0.040)n
(0.10) m n
= (0.20)m = (0.010)
(0.040)n
m
= 1 = 1
n
2 4
m = 1 n = 1
F2 ClO2
16
 Rate Law)
S2O82-(aq) + 3I-(aq) 2SO42-(aq) + I3-(aq)
[S2O82-] (M) [I-] (M) M/s
x
x
x

17
 " "
① 2.2 ✗ 1 = [ 0.08] [ 0.034] หา K จาก
1.1×10% [ 0.08] [0.017]"
"
3
② 2.2 × เ =
K [ 0.08] [0.034]
"
% [0.16] [ 0.017]
"
K
③ 2.2×10 = 0.81
หา M จาก 3÷2
ท
2 ×เ ะ รศ จะไ
กฎ ตรา
ง
"
]
"

5
2.
โอ
°" 0.017 . .

-1.1×10--3
นT [/
0.017 ]
" "
-
17=0.81 [ 520 ][ F ]
2 = 2m
•
: m =
1
หา ท จาก 1 ÷2
ท

¥ ะ[ ¥
ท
2 =
2
ะ . ท =
1
คำ
ถั้
ถั้
ณึ๋
ตึ๋
ธ้
นี้
ดั
อั
กั
ด้
 Rate Law)

2) Integrated rate law

[] t

18
 Rate Law)
2)
aA bB

t=0 [A] = [A]0

t=t [A] = [A]t

[A]
[A]0

Slope = -k
[A]t

"
0
time
t
*
19
 Rate Law)
-

2)

m n
half-life) wn
0

t= [A]t = [A]0

*
20
 Rate Law)
2)
aA bB

t=0 [A] = [A]0

t=t [A] = [A]t

21
 Rate Law)
2)

22
 Rate Law)
2)
half-life)

t= [A]t = [A]0

23
 Rate Law)
N2O5 C
mol/L k x 10-4 s-1
N2O5
N2O5 M
3) N2O5

¥ × 0.03 =

24
 ① [ A ] + [ A] ะ
• "
) ( 30๑
[ Nz Og] [0.03]
35×10
=

+
= 0.03
M
② 1 ท [ A] = -
kt +1 ท [ Ao]
+

ไท [0.02] =
-1.35×1 |
-
+ | ท [0.03]
7- 3.5
'

4
-
3.9 = -1.35×1

น
+

2,963
=
S

3090% ของ 0.03 M

ใน
วง
0.03 = 0.027

สลายไป 0.027 เห อ 0.03-0.027=0.003 M

"

. .

i. 1 ท [ A] = -
kttln [ Ao]
*
1 ท [ 0.003] =
-1.3s × 1 -

/ + | ท [ 0 03]
.
.

5.8 = -1.35×154+-3.5
t
q-
-

A.

% t =
17,037 S

④ หา คง ต
+ "
ลง

} <
+ \
%
ะ

± .

.
☐
=
5
ง
134.42 S
ญูหุ้
ดั
งื
ยื่
ยื๋
รุ์
ดิ๋
ชี
ยู้
รึ่
วิ
ลื
 Rate Law)
2)

[A] = [B])

aA bB aA + bB Product

25
 Rate Law)
2)
aA bB

t=0 [A] = [A]0

t=t [A] = [A]t

1/[A]

Slope = k

1/[A]0
time

26
 Rate Law)
2)
half-life)

t= [A]t = [A]0

27
ง
1) (Collision Theory) *

2) Transition-State Theory *
Activated-Complex Theory)

28
1)
0 rn
Collision Theory
n n

• (Molecular collision)
*

29
_
2) Transition-State Theory Activated-Complex
Theory)

activated complex

30
-
Activation energy, Ea
-
-

1) (Endothermic reaction)

Energy Heat

31
2) (Exothermic reaction)

Energy Heat

32
 Activation energy
-

p
1)
2)
A+B C+D

Collision frequency

A A B
A B A 1 B B 1
A A B
A B B
A A B

4 collisions 6 collisions 9 collisions

33
 A+B C+D

Endothermic reaction Exothermic reaction

Activated
complex
Activated
complex

Potential energy
Potential energy

Ea

Ea C+D
Energy A+B
H adsorbed Energy
H
released
A+B
C+D
Reaction progress Reaction progress

A+B+ H C+D A+B C+D+ H

34
 (Reactive collision)
- proper spatial orientation
- sufficient activation energy
Activated complex

Insufficient kinetic energy No reaction

Optimal energies and orientations Reaction

Incorrect orientations No reaction

35