LOYOLA - ICAM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

Ex.No -2
Linear and Circular Convolution
Date:

AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to obtain the linear and circular convolution of two sequences.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
MATLAB, PC

THEORY:

For a linear time invariant system if the input sequence x(n) and
impulse response h(n) is given ,we can find the output y(n) by using the
equation(n)=∑x(k) h(n-k),where k varies from -∞ to +∞ which is known
as convolution sum and can be represented as y(n)=x(n)*h(n),where *
denotes the convolution operation. This is an extremely powerful result
that allows us to compute the system output for any input excitation.

ALGORITHM:
1. Choose an initial value of n, the starting time for evaluating the output sequences y(n).If x(n)
starts at n=n1 and hence h(n) starts at n=n2 then n=n1+n2 is good choice
2. E expresses both sequences in terms of the index k
3. Fold h (K) about k=0 to obtain h (-K) and shift by n to the right if h is positive and left if n is
negative to obtain h (n-k).
4. Multiply the two sequences x (k) and h (n-k) element by element and the sum of products to
get y (n).
5. Increment the index n, shift the sequence h (n-k) to right by one sample and do step 4.
6. Repeat step 5 will until the sum of products is zero for all remaining values of n.

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

PROGRAM:
1. LINEAR CONVOLUTION FUNCTION

clc

x = input("Enter the values of x");

h = input("Enter the values of h");

y = conv(x,h);

subplot(3,1,1);

t = length(x);

stem(0:t-1,x);

title(' Input X')

xlabel('Time');

ylabel('Amp');

subplot(3,1,2);

t = length(h);

stem(0:t-1,h);

title('Input H')

xlabel('Time');

ylabel('Amp');

disp('The result of convolution is ');

disp(y);

subplot(3,1,3);

t = length(y);

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

stem(0:t-1,y);

title('Result Y');

xlabel('Time');

ylabel('Amp');

INPUT:

Enter the values of x

[1 2 3]
Enter the values of h
[4 5 6]

OUTPUT:

The result of convolution is

4 13 28 27 18

Figure 2.1 Linear Convolution

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

2. LINEAR CONVOLUTION LOGIC

clc
x = input("Enter the values of x");
n1 = length(x);
h = input("Enter the values of h");
n2 = length(h);

n = n2+n1-1;
x = [x,zeros(1,n-n1)];
h = [h,zeros(1,n-n2)];
y = zeros(1,n);

%y = conv(x,h);
for c1 = 1:n
temp = 0;
for c2 = 1:c1
temp = temp + x(c2)*h(c1+1-c2);
end
y(c1) = temp;
end

subplot(3,1,1);
t = length(x);
stem(0:t-1,x);
title(' Input X')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

subplot(3,1,2);
t = length(h);
stem(0:t-1,h);
title('Input H')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

disp('The result of convolution is ');

disp(y);

subplot(3,1,3);
t = length(y);
stem(0:t-1,y);

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

title('Result Y');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

INPUT:
Enter the values of x
[ 1 2 3]
Enter the values of h
[4 5 6]

OUTPUT:
The result of convolution is
4 13 28 27 18

Figure 2.2 Linear Convolution

11
 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

3. CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION FUNCTION

clc
x = input("Enter the values of x");
n1 = length(x);
h = input("Enter the values of h");
n2 = length(h);

n = n2+n1-1;
x = [x,zeros(1,n-n1)];
h = [h,zeros(1,n-n2)];
y = cconv(x,h,length(x));

subplot(3,1,1);
t = length(x);
stem(0:t-1,x);
title(' Input X')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

subplot(3,1,2);
t = length(h);
stem(0:t-1,h);
title('Input H')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

disp('The result of convolution is ');

disp(y);
subplot(3,1,3);
t = length(y);
stem(0:t-1,y);
title('Result Y');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

INPUT:
Enter the values of x
[1 2 3]
Enter the values of h
[4 5 6]

OUTPUT:
The result of convolution is
31 31 28

GRAPH:

Figure 2.3Circular Convolution

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

4. CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION LOGICclc

x = input("Enter the values of x");

n1 = length(x);
h = input("Enter the values of h");
n2 = length(h);

n = max(n1,n2);
if n2 > n1
x = [x,zeros(1,n2-n1)];
elseif n1>n2
h = [h,zeros(1,n1-n2)];
end

mat = zeros(n,n);

for c1 = 1:n
for c2 = 1:n
mat(c1,c2) = x(c2);
end
temp = x(n);
for c3 = 1:n-1
x(n+1-c3) = x(n-c3);
end
x(1) = temp;
end

disp(mat);

subplot(3,1,1);
t = length(x);
stem(0:t-1,x);
title(' Input X')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

subplot(3,1,2);
t = length(h);
stem(0:t-1,h);
title('Input H')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

disp('The result of convolution is ');

disp(y);
subplot(3,1,3);
t = length(y);
stem(0:t-1,y);
title('Result Y');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

INPUT:
Enter the values of x
[1 2 3]
Enter the values of h
[4 5 6]

OUTPUT:
The result of convolution is
31 31 28

Figure 2.4 Circular Convolution

15
 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

5. LINEAR CONVOLUTION USING CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION

clc
x = input("Enter the values of x");
n1 = length(x);
h = input("Enter the values of h");
n2 = length(h);

n = n2+n1-1;
x = [x,zeros(1,n-n1)];
h = [h,zeros(1,n-n2)];
y = cconv(x,h,length(x));

subplot(3,1,1);
t = length(x);
stem(0:t-1,x);
title(' Input X')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

subplot(3,1,2);
t = length(h);
stem(0:t-1,h);
title('Input H')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

disp('The result of convolution is ');

disp(y);
subplot(3,1,3);
t = length(y);
stem(0:t-1,y);
title('Result Y');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');

INPUT:
Enter the values of x
[1 2 3]
Enter the values of h
[4 5 6]

OUTPUT:

The result of convolution is

4.0000 13.0000 28.0000 27.0000 18.0000

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 LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

GRAPH:

Figure 2.5 Linear Convolution Using Circular Convolution

Preparation 5
Conduction &
Observation 5
Result Execution
Viva-Voce &
5
Inference
Record 5
Total 20

RESULT:
Thus a MATLAB program is written to obtain the linear and Circular convolution of two
sequences.

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