Applications Of Dipole Antenna
* Note: Sub-titles are not captured in Xplore and should not be used
Ali Adnan,
Electrical Engineering Depatrment ,(UCP)
University Of Central Punjab ,(Student at UCP),
Lahore, Pakistan
L1F22MSEE0007@ucp.edu.pk
Abstract—One of the most significant and often used RF
antenna types is the dipole antenna, sometimes known as a dipole
aerial. It is frequently employed both on its own and as part of
many other RF antenna designs, where it serves as the driving
element. A new half wave dipole antenna for Mobile broadband
purposes has been studied in this article. The half wave dipole
antenna has a length of around one-half wavelength. The antenna
is designed to resonant at 1.99 GHz. The simulation and design
calculations of the half wave dipole antennas are performed
using Ansys Hfss.The evaluation includes the return loss, VSWR,
Directivity, Gain, and Radiation Pattern.Ansys Hfss simulation
software is used to design, simulate, and evaluate the proposed
antenna. The antenna has a frequency range that is suitable for
potential applications, ranging from 1.87 GHz to 2.1 GHz.
Index Terms—Dipole Antenna, Half Wave, Mobile Broadband,
Ansys Hfss, Frequency Band, Radiation Pattern,RF.
I. I NTRODUCTION
A dipole antenna is a type of Radio Frequency (RF)
antenna that consists of two conductive components, such as
wires and rods, where length of the metal wire is roughly
half the highest wavelength in free space at the operating
frequency.The conducting material are divided at the antenna’s
centre by an insulator called the antenna section.The frequency
is utilised both on its own and in numerous different RF
antenna designs,where it serves as the driving element.The
Electromagnetic (EM) or Radio signal is produced when an RF
voltage source is applied to the centre of a dipole antenna,this
signal is then radiated outside of the antenna and through the
middle of antenna,where the voltage and current are at their
highest and lowest values.
Antennas come in a variety of forms and are used for
numerous purposes. The Half Wave Dipole Antenna is fre-
quently used in prospective applications, functioning in the
frequency range of the GSM, from 1.877 GHz to 2.1199
GHz, and having the ideal impedence matching for developing
antenna for GSM applications [1].Design of a MIMO printed
dipole antenna for 5G applications. In addition, a planner
multiple input multiple output dipole (MIMO) antenna is
designed for sub-6GHz 5G applications and displays good
impedance bandwidth equivalent to 3.2GHz beginning from
3.3 to 6.6 GHz. Many different beam-types may be created by
Identify applicable funding agency here. If none, delete this.
manipulating the radiation pattern of the (MIMO) antenna con-
struction [2]. A low-profile magneto-electric dipole antenna
with dual polarisation as well as filtering for 5G applications.
The prototype has an in-band average gain of 8.2 dBi, an out-
of-band suppression level of more than 20 dB, and a return
loss of more than 15 dB [3]. Furthermore it has an impedance
bandwidth of 27.6 embracing a -15dB spread. Design and
construction of a foldable triband dipole antenna for WiMAX,
DCS, WLAN, and GPS. In order to create triple resonances,
folded dipoles furthermore include a rectangular loop and
two I-shape stubs. The antenna exhibits a suitable radiation
pattern in all desired frequencies with triple band and excellent
radiation properities, and has a bandwidth for return loss
below -10dB at 1.53-1.97GHz, which is (14.23 percent), and
is 4.20dBi (1.575GHz), and 5.34dBi (3.5 GHz), respectively
[4].Wide Band Dual-Polarized Four-Folded-Dipole Antenna
Array for Base Station Applications with Stable Radiation
Pattern. Furthermore, a +/- 45 degree dual-polarized six-
element antenna with a stable radiation pattern and each
element comprised of four folded dipoles, a parasitic patch,
and a convex-shaped reflector plane is a top candidate for base-
station applications. It has a 3-dB beam width stabilisation
range of 65.7 degree +/- 3.2 degree, a 64.8 percent impedance
bandwidth (BW), a VSWR greater than 1.5, high port to port
isolation of 27 dB, ideal contender for base-station applica-
tions with significant side-lobe suppression[5].Crossed dipole
antennas are intended to provide isotropic, omnidirectional,
dual-polarized, and circularly polarised (CP) radiation patterns
for use in future wireless communication systems. Meanwhile,
feed antennas have been intended to streamline the feeding
structure, and cross dipole radiators can accomplish profile
downsizing. The antenna design also enables more degrees
of freedom and superior performance for numerous wireless
communication networks[6].Dipole radiation offers a way to
get over radiation damping’s constraint and the inherent limits
of power coupling between two antennas in lossless and lossy
media[7].An improved Design of Planar Elliptical Dipole An-
tenna for UWB (ultra-wide band) applications[8].Meanwhile,
a modified version of the planar elliptical dipole antenna
operating from 1.1 to 11 GHz has been created and made
available for ultra-wide band communication networks. The
gain performance is enhanced across the entire operating
bandwidth while elliptical slots are used, and the -10dB band
is largely attributed to 8GHz, enabling the antenna viable for
UWB applications.
Dual-Band wide-beam crossed asymmetric dipole Antenna
for GPS Applications as in[9]. A Compact Dual-Polarized
Printed Dipole Antenna with High isolation for Wide-band
Base Station Applications[10].In addition, the dipole antenna
is carved into three assembled substrates, and four horizontal
triangular spots are added to generate the two dipoles in two
- dimensional polarisations. The antenna also displays port
isolation of more than 35 dB over an impedance bandwidth
of 52 percent, as well as a radiation pattern with a peak
gain of 7dBi–8.6dBi. Consequently, the antenna is useful for
broad band base station antennas in the International mobile
telecommunications(IMT) advanced communication system in
addition to being appropriate for an array element. Broad-
band Planar Dipole Antenna for DTV/GSM Operation[11].
Embroidered Wearable Multi-resonant Folded Dipole Antenna Fig. 1. Geometry of half wave dipole antenna
for FM Reception[12].Likewise, the use of conductive intricate
designs on a metal composite substrate is recommended for
Where L= 0.475
a wearable textile dipole antenna with various resonance fre-
quencies for FM signal reception. Thus, the proposed antenna 143
Wv = M Hz (2)
offers a broad operating band of 80.5 MHz to over 130 MHz f
at 5 dB return loss irrespective of arm changes, the FM Diameter
broadcast (87.5 - 108 MHz), with Gain of (-7.08 - 15.79) R= = 0.001W v (3)
2
dBi respectively.
The length, radius, feeding gap, frequency, and wavelength
of the half-wave dipole antenna that will be constructed in L
g= (4)
this study, which is a cylindrical structure, are all thoroughly 2
specified by these five attributes. The length of a half-wave Where,
dipole should be half the wavelength, but in practise it is 0.45
times the wavelength. Two terminals, or ”poles,” into which
radio frequency current flows make up the dipole antenna.
L= length of antenna
This current, along with the corresponding voltage, radiates
an electromagnetic or radio signal. To be more specific, a R= Radius of antenna
dipole is typically understood to be an antenna formed of a
f= resonating frequency
resonant conductor length that has been chopped so that it can
be linked to the feeder.Normally, two conductors or elements Wv = Wavelength
with quarter wavelengths are stacked one on top of the other
And therefore, the method for determining the gain of a
for a total length of /2 to create a dipole antenna. The biggest
dipole antenna is;
voltage disparity is produced by a standing wave on an element
with length /4 because one end of the element is at the wave’s 602
G= (5)
node and the other is at its antinode. The current between the 30R
elements increases with increasing differential voltage. Therefore, the input impedance is calculated for dipole antenna
II. D ESIGN O F D IPOLE A NTENNA as in [11].
R = 73 ohms (6)
The half wave dipole antenna has a length of 70.44
mm, representing 0.45 times the total wavelength, and a The front view geometry and construction of the half
radius of 0.147 mm. Feeding distance 0.35 mm. The feeding wave dipole antenna for Mobile broadband use are shown in
impedance in this study is 73 ohms. Antenna is made with a Fig.2 ,constructed using the Ansys Hfss software. To achieve
1.99 GHz resonant frequency in consideration.The preceding the best possible impedance match to the proposed antenna,
relationships are being used to determine the dimensions of the dimensions and characteristics have been optimised. The
the proposed half wave dipole antenna. suggested antenna is designed using the parameters listed
below.
c Design frequency = 0 - 3 GHz, Length of wire = 70.44 mm,
Wv = (1) Radius of wire= 0.14778 mm and Feed gap = 0.3522 mm.
f
 Fig. 2. Design Structure on ANSYS HFSS Software

III. S IMULATION R ESULTS Fig. 4. Bandwidth plot for Mobile Broadband

The designed half wave dipole antenna was prototype with
dimensions of length 70.44 mm, radius 0.148 mm, and feed
gap 0.35 mm,resonating frequency is 1.995 GHz. According
to Figure 6, the achieved antenna impedance is 73 ohm, which
is the required impedance.

Fig. 5. VSWR Curve

Fig. 3. Simulated Return loss curve

IV. CONCLUSION
ANSYS HFSS Software has been used to design and model
a half-wave dipole antenna.This uses the Mobile broadband
frequency spectrum and operates between 1.87 GHz and 2.1
GHz. About 0.24 GHz is the simulated impedance bandwidth
in the 1.99 GHz frequency. The antenna has perfect impedance
matching, according to the simulation and measurement re-
sults. It can be used to create antennas for Mobile broadband
operations.It is logical to presume that the antenna presented
in this paper can be applied to more possible applications.
Fig. 6. Radiation Pattern of dipole antenna at 1.99 GHz
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