GOVINDARAJ.

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E-VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY
ENERGY CONSUMPTION

 Electric energy consumption is the form of energy consumption that uses

electrical energy.[3] Electric energy consumption is the actual energy demand
made on existing electricity supply for transportation, residential, industrial,
commercial, and other miscellaneous purposes.[3] 2019 world electricity
generation by source (total generation was 27 petawatt-hours)[1][2] Coal
(37%) Natural gas (24%) Hydro (16%) Nuclear (10%) Wind (5%) Solar
(3%) Other (5%) Global electricity consumption in 2019 was 22,848 terawatt-
hour (TWh), about 135% more than the amount of consumption in 1990
(9,702 TWh).[4] China, United States, and India accounted for over 50% of
the global share of electricity consumption.[4]
 Electricity has been generated in power stations since 1882.[7] The invention of the steam turbine
in 1884 to drive the electric generator led to an increase in worldwide electricity consumption.
[8] In 2019, total worldwide electricity production was nearly 27,044 TWh.[9] Total primary
energy is converted into numerous forms, including, but not limited to, electricity, heat, and
natural gas.[10] Some primary energy is lost during the conversion to electricity, as seen in the
United States, where 61% was lost in 2019.[10]
 Electricity accounted for 19.7% of worldwide final energy consumption in 2019, while oil was
40.4%, coal was 9.5%, natural gas was 16.4%, biofuels and waste were 10.4%, and other
sources (i.e., heat, solar thermal, and geothermal) were 3.6%.[11] Total final electricity
consumption in 2019 was split unevenly between the following sectors: industry (41.9%),
residential (26.6%), commercial and public services (21.2%), transport (1.8%), and other
(8.5%; i.e., agriculture and fishing).[11] Since 1973, final electricity consumption has
decreased in the industrial and transport sectors and increased in the residential, commercial
and public services sectors.[11]
LECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF
OECD COUNTRIES
In 2019, OECD’s final electricity consumption was 9,672 TWh.[4] The industrial sector
consumed 41.9% of the electricity, the residential sector consumed 26.6%, the commercial
and public services sectors consumed 21.2%, the transport sector consumed 1.8%, and the
other sectors (e.g., agriculture and fishing) consumed 8.5%.[11] In recent decades,
consumption in the residential and commercial and public services sectors have grown,
while industry consumption has declined.[4] More recently, the transport sector has
witnessed an increase in consumption with the growth in the electric vehicle market.[4]
 World electricity consumption and
production

 The IEA reported a total world final electricity consumption in 2017 of 21,539 TWh and
22,472 TWh in 2018.[9] The final electricity consumption of the OECD countries in
2017 was 9,612 TWh and 9,780 TWh in 2018.[9] This compares to electricity
production in the OECD countries of 11,148 TWh in 2017 and 11,348 TWh in 2018.
[9] The final electricity consumption of the non-OECD countries in 2017 was 11,927
TWh and 12,692 TWh in 2018.[9] The share of the gross electric production by source
is summarized in the following table for the available assessment in the years 2017 or
2018.[9]