Interconnection of electric power systems refers to the connection of two or more electrical power

systems to operate in parallel. This is done to increase the reliability of the power system and improve
the overall efficiency of power generation and transmission.

The interconnection of power systems has several advantages, such as:

1.Increased reliability: By interconnecting power systems, the overall reliability of the power supply
increases. In case of an outage in one system, power can be supplied from the other systems, which
ensures uninterrupted power supply.

2.Improved efficiency: Interconnecting power systems allows the transmission of power over long
distances, which increases the overall efficiency of the power system. Power can be generated at a
location where it is most economical and transmitted to areas where it is needed.

3.Economic benefits: Interconnecting power systems can lead to economic benefits as it allows for the
sharing of resources and equipment, such as transmission lines, substations, and generators.

To interconnect power systems, it is necessary to ensure that the voltage, frequency, and phase angle of
the systems are in synchronization. Synchronization is the process of bringing two or more alternating
current systems into a common frequency, phase angle, and voltage level to enable them to operate in
parallel.

The process of interconnecting power systems involves several steps, such as:

1.Checking the voltage, frequency, and phase angle of the systems to ensure they are compatible for
interconnection.

2.Matching the voltage levels of the systems by adjusting the voltage regulators and transformers.

3.Adjusting the phase angles of the systems by using phase-shifting transformers or phase advancers.

4.Synchronizing the frequency of the systems by adjusting the speed of the generators using governor
controls.

5.Closing the circuit breakers to connect the systems and operate them in parallel.

6.Monitoring the voltage, frequency, and phase angle of the systems to ensure they remain in
synchronization.

In summary, the interconnection of electric power systems is essential for reliable and parallel
operation, and the process involves several steps to ensure synchronization of the systems.