LESSON 1

VOLLEYBALL HISTORY
Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which
the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to
make the ball touch the court within the opponents’ playing area before it can be
returned.
To prevent this a player on the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a
team(tEAM mate before it touches the court surface—that teammate may then volley
it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net. A
team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be returned over the net.

HISTORY
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of
the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was
designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who found the new game
of basketball too vigorous. Morgan called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor
from Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the volleying nature of play and
proposed the name of “volleyball.” The original rules were written by Morgan and
printed in the first edition of the Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the
Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America (1897). The game soon
proved to have wide appeal for both sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed
forces, and other organizations in the United States, and it was subsequently
introduced to other countries.

In 1916 rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and the National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA). The first nationwide tournament in the United States
was conducted by the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New York
City in 1922. The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928
and recognized as the rules-making, governing body in the United States. From
1928 the USVBA—now known as USA Volleyball (USAV)—has conducted annual
national men’s and senior men’s (age 35 and older) volleyball championships,
except during 1944 and 1945. Its women’s division was started in 1949, and a senior
women’s division (age 30 and older) was added in 1977. Other national events in the
United States are conducted by member groups of the USAV such as the YMCA and
the NCAA.

Volleyball was introduced into Europe by American troops during World War I,

when national organizations were formed. The Fédération Internationale de Volley
Ball (FIVB) was organized in Paris in 1947 and moved to Lausanne, Switzerland, in
1984. The USVBA was one of the 13 charter members of the FIVB, whose
membership grew to more than 210 member countries by the late 20th century.

International volleyball competition began in 1913 with the first Far East Games,
in Manila. During the early 1900s and continuing until after World War II, volleyball
in Asia was played on a larger court, with a lower net, and nine players on a team.

The FIVB-sponsored world volleyball championships (for men only in 1949; for both
men and women in 1952 and succeeding years) led to acceptance of standardized
playing rules and officiating. Volleyball became an Olympic sport for both men and
women at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo.

European championships were long dominated by Czechoslovakian, Hungarian,

Polish, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Soviet (later, Russian) teams. At the world and
Olympic level, Soviet teams have won more titles, both men’s and women’s, than
those of any other nation. Their success was attributed to widespread grassroots
interest and well-organized play and instruction at all levels of skill. A highly
publicized Japanese women’s team, Olympic champions in 1964, reflected the
interest of private industry in sport. Young women working for the sponsoring
company devoted their free time to conditioning, team practice, and competition
under expert and demanding coaching. Encouraged by the Japanese Volleyball
Association, this women’s team made its mark in international competition, winning
the World Championship in 1962, 1966, and 1967, in addition to the 1964 Olympics.
At the end of the 20th century, however, the Cuban women’s team dominated both
the World Championships and the Olympics.

The Pan American Games (involving South, Central, and North America) added

volleyball in 1955, and Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Cuba, and the United States are
frequent contenders for top honours. In Asia, China, Japan, and Korea dominate
competition. Volleyball, especially beach volleyball, is played in Australia, New
Zealand, and throughout the South Pacific.

A four-year cycle of international volleyball events, recommended by the FIVB,

began in 1969 with World Cup championships, to be held in the year following the
Olympic Games; the second year is the World Championships; in the third the
regional events are held (e.g., European championships, Asian Games, African
Games, Pan American Games); and in the fourth year the Olympic Games.

Volleyball requires a minimum of equipment and space and can be played

indoors or outdoors. The game is played on a smooth-surfaced court 9 metres (30
feet) wide by 18 metres (60 feet) long, divided by a centre line into two equal areas,
one of which is selected by or assigned to each of the two competing teams. Players
may not step completely beyond the centre line while the ball is in play.
 A line 3 metres (10 feet) from and parallel to the centre line of each half of the
court indicates the point in front of which a back court player may not drive the ball
over the net from a position above the top of the net. (This offensive action, called
a spike, or kill, is usually performed most effectively and with greatest power near the
net by the forward line of players.) A tightly stretched net is placed across the court
exactly above the middle of the centre line; official net heights (measured from the
top edge of the net to the playing surface—in the middle of the court) are 2.4 metres
(8 feet) for men and 2.2 metres (7.4 feet) for women.

Further adjustments in net height can be made for young people and others
who need a lower net. A vertical tape marker is attached to the net directly above
each side boundary line of the court, and, to help game officials judge whether
served or volleyed balls are in or out of bounds, a flexible antenna extends 1 metre
(3 feet) above the net along the outer edge of each vertical tape marker. The ball
used is around 260 to 280 grams (9 to 10 ounces) and is inflated to about 65 cm
(25.6 inches) in circumference. A ball must pass over the net entirely between the
antennae. A service area, traditionally 3 metres (10 feet) long, is marked outside and
behind the right one-third of each court end line. At the 1996 Olympic Games the
service area was extended to 9 metres (30 feet). The service must be made from
within or behind this area. A space at least 2 metres (6 feet) wide around the entire
court is needed to permit freedom of action, eliminate hazards from obstructions, and
allow space for net support posts and the officials’ stands. A clear area above the
court at least 8 metres (26 feet) high is required to permit the ball to be served or
received and played without interference.

Informally, any number can play volleyball. In competition each team consists
of six players, three of whom take the forward positions in a row close to and facing
the net, the other three playing the back court. (An exception to this rotation is
the libero, a position introduced at the 2000 Olympics; see below.) Play is started
when the right back (the person on the right of the second row) of the serving team
steps outside his end line into the serving area and bats the ball with a hand, fist, or
arm over the net into the opponents’ half of the court. The opponents receive the ball
and return it across the net in a series of not more than three contacts with the ball.
This must be done without any player catching or holding the ball while it is in play
and without any player touching the net or entering the opponents’ court area.

The ball must not touch the floor, and a player may not touch the ball twice in
succession. A player continues to serve until his team makes an error, commits a
foul, or completes the game. When the service changes, the receiving team
becomes the serving team and its players rotate clockwise one position, the right
forward shifting to the right back position and then serving from the service area.
Either team can score, with points being awarded for successfully hitting the ball
onto the opposing side’s half of the court, as well as when the opposing side
commits errors or fouls, such as hitting the ball out of bounds, failing to return the
ball, contacting the ball more than three times before returning it, etc. Only one point
at a time is scored for a successful play. A game is won by the team that first scores
25 points, provided the winning team is ahead by 2 or more points, except in the fifth
set, when a team needs to score only 15 points and win by 2 points.

The 2000 Olympics introduced significant rule changes to international

competition. One change created the libero, a player on each team who serves as a
defensive specialist. The libero wears a different colour from the rest of the team and
is not allowed to serve or rotate to the front line. Another important rule change
allowed the defensive side to score, whereas formerly only the serving team was
awarded points.

LESSON 2
RULES OF THE GAME
• Volleyball is played by two teams of six players on a court divided by a net.
• The object of the game is to send the ball over the net so that the opposing team
cannot return the ball or prevent it from hitting the ground in their court.
• Each team has three hits to attempt to return the ball.
• The ball is put in play with a serve that is hit over the net to the opponents(may the
touch net)
• The volley continues until the ball hits the playing court, goes out of bounds, or a team
fails to return it properly.
• When the receiving team wins a volley, it gains a point and the right to serve. The
players rotate one position clockwise.
• When the serving team wins a volley, it wins a point and the right to continue serving.
• Each team consists of no more than six persons, with each side having an equal
number. • Each player must be in his or her own position before the ball is served.
• After the server strikes the ball, each player may cover any section of the court.
• Each player serves in turn and continues to serve until the volley is lost (side out).
• After a team has lost its serve, the team receiving the ball for the first serve must rotate
one position clockwise before serving.
• The ball may be volleyed only three times from one team member to another before
returning it over the net.
• During this volley a player may not hit the ball twice in succession. One or both hands
may be used.
• A blocking player is entitled to a second play at the ball. This 2nd hit counts as the
teams 1st touch

YOU ARE ALLOWED TO:

• Serve from anywhere behind the end line.
• Play the ball after it hits the net, even off of a serve.
• Spike, or Volley the ball off of a serve. • Hit the ball with any part of the body.
• Double contact the first ball that comes over the net.
• Reach over the net to block, as long as it is the 3rd hit for the other team.
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO
• Block the serve.
• Touch the net.
• Cross the center line and interfere with play.
• Scoop or “carry” the ball.
 • Double contact the ball
• Play the ball when it’s on the opponent’s side of the net (see blocking exception above)
• Block, if you are a back row player.

SIDEOUT
• A player holds or throws the ball.
• The ball touches any part of the body, other than the hands or forearms. • A player
touches the net with any part of the body or hands, or reaches over the net.
• A player does not clearly hit the ball or allows the ball to come to rest on any part of
parts of the body. • A player hits the ball out of the boundaries of the court.
• A player allows the ball to hit the floor, or any object outside or over the court (except
net), before being legally returned to the opponent’s court.
• A player touches the ball twice in succession.

SCORING
• The game is played by the Rally point system and a point is awarded on every serve.
• When the serving team fails to score, it is side out and the receiving team becomes the
serving team. • The game is played to 25 points, “win by 2.” With a cap of 30.
• A match consists of normally either 2 out of 3 sets or 3 out of 5 sets. In the event that
the sets are tied with only one set remaining, the last one is played to 15 points.

BASIC POSITIONS
• Power – blocks and attacks on the outside
• Middle – blocks and attacks in the middle
• Setter – sets the ball
• Libero – a back-row-only player that is a defensive specialist

SERVING
“W” Service Formation - Receiving
• Front row: the middle player moves up to the net, the other two players receive short
serves
• Back row: the middle player moves up to receive short serves, the other two players
receive all the deep serves

SKILLS
• Volleys - fingers firm, hands form the shape of the ball, contact just in front of the
forehead, extend arms and wrists (like a basketball chest pass going upwards) - TIP: square
your shoulders to where you want to volley the ball
• Bumps - shrug shoulders and squeeze arms together, arms straight out in front, bend
at the waist, “push” and/or lean towards the direction you want the ball to travel - TIP: think
of your arms as a wooden board, bumping is simply deflecting the ball to where you want it
to go, so making the correct angle with your arms is critical
• Serve - feet close together, hold ball straight out with non-hitting arm, hitting arm pulls
behind head, toss ball straight up, step with opposite foot and hit the ball with the palm of the
hitting arm, do not snap the wrist – it is a float serve because the ball should not spin - TIP:
stare at the ball and aim dead center as you hit it
• Spikes - start from just behind the attack line, take 2 big steps for your approach then
jump, (as you jump,) swing your arms to get more height, throw your hands up towards the
ball, Pull your hitting arm back, and snap your wrist as you hit the ball with your entire hand
(this creates topspin) - TIP: focus on timing your jump, the hitting part will improve
dramatically - TIP – jump as if hitting a hard spike, gently guide the ball with the fingers
• Blocking - stand almost at an arm’s length from the net, jump a split second after the
hitter Jumps, reach over the net as far as you can with your hands, with fingers spread out,
tighten up your body to get some “attitude” in your block - TIP: blocking is 50%
technique/timing, and 50% attitude!
• Switching - players may switch places as soon as the ball is served, just make sure
you don’t cross with the players that are adjacent to you (before the serve)

DEBUG YOUR SKILLS

Activity 1. Recorded skills Demonstration

Instruction: Using your mobile phone or any camera, make a video

recording of your personal demonstration o the following SKills in
VOLLEYBALL. Submit your output to my fb account in my personal message
(FROILAN PALARUAN LOMBOY) on the set deadline .Execute the skills in
VOLLEYBALL Put a checkmark (/) to the column YES or NO that correspond
to your performance.
Skills in 6 YES NO
Volleyball times
in
place
1. Volley
2. Bumps
3. serve
4. Spike
5. Blocking

LESSON 3
 Volleyball – Playing Environment

Volleyball is played in a rectangular court, divided into two equal halves across the
length by a net tightly stretched between two poles, fixed at either sides of the court.
Court Design
A standard international volleyball court is an indoor, rectangular in shape whose sides
are 18 meters and the ends are 9 meters. The surface of the court is neither slippery nor
rough, to avoid injuries. International courts have wooden or synthetic flooring. The court is
divided into two similar squares of 9 X 9 meters by a center line, one for each team. The
court is further divided into the following zones:
Free zone – The playing surface is surrounded by a free zone up to 3 meters on all
sides. The free zone in international courts is 5 m from the longer sides and 8 meter from the
shorter sides.
Front zone – The front zone in each half extends from the center line to the attack line. It
is drawn 3 meters away from the center line on both sides of the court.
Service zone – This zone is used for servicing the ball to the opponent court behind the
end lines and has a width of 9 metres. The player has to be in the service zone while
jumping or serving.
Substitution zone – The substitution zone lies between the scorer’s table and the attack
line.
Libero replacement zone – The Libero replacement zone is a part of the free zone
beside team benches and between the extended attack line and the end line.
 Volleyball – Equipment
Volleyball is a simple game which doesn’t require any equipment other than a ball, a net
and a flat court. Even two players can play and have fun with volleyball.

Net Net
is one meter long and 9.5 to 10 meter wide. It is tied vertically above the center line of
the court to posts fixed at either sides of the court, at a distance of one meter from the
sidelines. The center of the net should lie 2.43 meter above the ground for men and 2.24
meter for women. At the sides the net may be higher by a maximum of 2cm, however it
should be tied at the same height at both the posts. The court width is marked on the net
with a tape and a flexible antennae of one meter extends from the tape marker on both sides
of the net. These markings help the referee determine when the ball goes outside the court.
Ball
Volley ball a spherical ball of 65-67 cm circumference. It is made of leather or any
synthetic material and weighs 260-280 g. Volleyballs are available in various colors, however
for international tournaments, FIVB approved balls should only be used. Other Equipment
Players of a team are uniformly dressed in jerseys, shorts, socks and sport shoes. Jerseys
of each team has a different color.

Volleyball – Common Terms

Rally – A ball is serviced by a player and players of both teams hit it till a foul is
committed or ball falls on the ground. This period, from the point it is put to service till it halts
is called a rally. It is a complete rally if one of the teams scores a point.
Service – Players hit the ball with their fist, wrist, or arm, from the service zone and it
has to move above the net to the other teams play zone.
Warm up sessions – Players can get used to the environment and practice in a short
six to ten minute warm up sessions before the actual game begins.
 Attack hit – The hit that sends the ball to the opponent side.
Positional Fault – Players are numbered in anti-clockwise starting from the player in
extreme right position in the back row. So, players in the front row are numbered 4, 3 and 2
and players in the back row are numbered 5, 6 and 1 from left to right. They should lie in the
same positions declared before beginning a set, when ball is served, else they earn a fault.
However, after the service they may move within their court.
Rotational Fault – If a receiving team earns a chance to serve, its players change
positions and move clockwise, i.e. player in 1st position moves to 6th , player in 2nd position
moves to 1st, etc. Not changing positions according to this order leads to a fault. An
exception to this rule is the Libero who cannot serve or enter the front court.
Four Hit Foul--Three players in the receiving team may hit the ball consecutively and
the fourth hit should deliver the ball to the other side, failing so will earn them a four hit fault.
Double Contact --Players should hit the ball to a teammate or to the other team.
Simultaneous hitting leads to a fault.
Assisted Hit – Players shouldn’t receive help from their teammates or any other objects
like posts to hit the ball. Serving Fault – Players should serve according to the serving order.
They should hit the ball according to the rules and when instructed. Not complying with these
rules leads to a serving fault.
Double fault – If opponents commit faults successively, they have to play the rally again.
This scenario is called a Double Fault Blocking – Players near the net may jump and hit the
ball near the net after an attack hit. Sometimes the ball doesn’t even completely cross the
net. This action is referred to as blocking.
Crossing space – The gap or space between the antennae and above the net is
termed as Crossing Space. This space can also extend to the roofs inside the indoor courts.
The ball should cross the net only through the crossing space.

LESSON 4
How to Play Volleyball
Before the tournament starts, coaches of both the teams handover the players list and
their corresponding positions to the referee.

Getting Ready
Both the teams participate in a warm-up session of six to ten minutes. All the players
should be ready and should comply with the rules and obey the decisions of the referee.
Substitute players should also be ready and should join the team when the referee allows
them. The other non-playing team members and substitute players take their positions in the
team bench. The match starts with the referee tossing a coin in the presence of team
captains of both the teams. The team that wins the toss chooses between serving the ball
and in receiving the service. It also chooses which side of the court it will play.
Quick Glimpse of the Game
Here’s how the ball moves among the players in a volleyball rally.
One player is positioned extreme right in the back line of the team that should serve as
per the toss, puts the ball into play with a service. If it reaches the opponents side, various
members of the team hit the ball three times successively. In case of a service fault, the
other team gets a chance to serve.
 After the service, the ball should cross the net and reach the receivers side with in the
court play zone, without touching any player of the serving team. The fourth hit from a 5.
Volleyball – How to Play? Volleyball 9 team should be an attack hit and the ball should be
sent back to the serving team side.
The ball moves among players till it is grounded or till one of the players commits a fault.
If a team makes a fault, the opponent team wins a point and gets a chance to serve. If the
team servicing the ball grounds in the opponent side, it wins a point and the same player
serves again. If the other team wins a point and the ball is grounded on the servicing team
side, the opponent team gets a point and a chance to serve again.
Players of the receiving team should rotate in the specified order before serving the ball.
A toss determines which team should serve first in the fifth deciding set.

Winning a Match
Each match is divided into five sets. A team that wins three sets wins the match. A team
wins a set if it scores 25 points and leads the other team by at least 2 points. If the lead is
less than two points, both the teams continue playing till a wider lead is achieved. If both the
teams won two matches each, then the team that wins fifteen points and leads the other
team by at least two points in the fifth deciding set wins the match.

Other rules in Volleyball

Here is a set of rules that are to be followed while playing volleyball:
● When the ball is in play, it shouldn’t cross the side lines and end lines. At the netthe
ball should stay between the antennae.
● Players are not prevented from hitting the ball at the same time. But, when two
played hit it, they have made two hits.
● Two players from opposing teams may hit the ball at the same time, but if the ball
goes out of the court, then the team at the other side of the court is awarded a fault.
● Players shouldn’t cross the center line while the ball is in play. Sometimes their
hands may reach the opponents court while trying to block a ball, but their feet
shouldn’t be placed in the opponent area and they should never interfere with the
opponents hits.
● They shouldn’t touch the net in such a way that it obstructs the game or interferes
with the opponents play. However, the ball may touch the net or get struck in it. It
can be hit back and brought into play.
● No player should obstruct opponents from hitting the ball or moving.
 ● After the referee whistles and instructs for a service, the player should serve the ball
within 8 seconds.
● The front-row players should deliver an attack hit only from their playing space.
● A back-row player should deliver an attack hit only away from the front zone, but
may reach the front zone after the hit. But, if the ball is too low, lower than the top of
the net, he/she may deliver an attack hit by moving to the front zone.
● A receiving team shouldn’t deliver an attack hit from the front zone when the ball is
still higher than the top of the net.
● The libero or any player from the back row should not block the ball.
● The Libero cannot serve or block the ball.
● A ball shouldn’t be blocked just after a service.
● Players shouldn’t catch the ball and throw it. They should only hit the ball.

LESSON 4
Etiquette and Safety
1. Players must be aware of hazards in the playing area. Volleyball standards/poles,
teammates, walls, and balls all pose the possibility of serious injury.
2. Players should roll the ball under the net, rather than throw it over the net to the other
team.
3. Players should attempt to alert other players when a ball has rolled onto another court
so that a player does not accidentally land or step on the ball.
4. Players should avoid net violations or crossing the centerline as this can cause injury.
5. Players should announce his/her team’s score and then the opponent’s score clearly
and loudly before each serve. In the absence of an official, players should call the ball “in” or
“out,” and call net violations in the interest of fair play.
6. Place volleyballs back in the bin/holder at the end of the game.
Care of Equipment
1. Players should never kick or sit on the volleyballs.
2. The volleyball nets should not be pulled on and players should not stand on the
supporting poles.

Volleyball – Variants
Volleyball is a very versatile sport and can be modified to suit us. It can be played both
indoors and outdoors. Here are some popular variants of volleyball played to improve fitness
or just for fun.
Beach Volleyball
Beach Volleyball is very popular and is played between two teams of two players each.
Though it is inspired from volleyball, it is officially recognized by FIVB as a separate sport. A
game inspired from beach volleyball is played in an indoor sand court and is called as indoor
sand volleyball.
 Sepak Takraw
This is a very ancient game played centuries ago in Philippines, Indonesia and Laos and
is popular across Asia. The rules are very similar to that of volleyball, except that players
don’t use their hands but shoot a traditional rattan ball with their heads, torsos and legs.

Shooting Volleyball
This is an Indian variant of volleyball and is also played in parts of Pakistan. An extra
seventh player in each team stays near the net and is called the net man. He shoots the ball
as high as possible and tempts the opponents into making a fault. The ball is similar to
handball and the court has the dimensions 35 x 70 ft.
 Sitting Volleyball
This players sit and play volleyball in a smaller 10 x 6 meter court. Though players sit
during the game, it is an interesting fast paced game and required good stamina and skill.
Sitting volleyball event for men and women is included in Summer Paralympics.
 Aquatic Volleyball
Aquatic volleyball is played in shallow swimming pools or shallow beaches. It is also
called pool volleyball or aquapolo.

DEBUG YOUR SKILLS

Recorded skills Demonstration

Instruction: Using your mobile phone or any camera, make a video

recording of your personal demonstration o the following SKills in
VOLLEYBALL. Submit your output to my fb account in my personal message
(FROILAN PALARUAN LOMBOY) on the set deadline .

1. Demonstrate proper body position and technique with underhand and overhand
serves. Exhibit correct body position and movement in response to serves, tosses,
and passes.
2. Combine skills of forearm passing and overhead passing. React to served volleyball
with proper body movement. Work cooperatively with classmates, friends and peers
to improve skills.
3. Demonstrate ability to move toward a contacted volleyball. Apply previous skill
knowledge to activities. Contact volleyball with accuracy.
4. Combine previously learned skills of serving, passing, and setting to play modified
volleyball games. Work cooperatively with your classmates or friends.
5. Demonstrate basic skill of hitting (spike). Use previously acquired skills to participate
in modified volleyball game. Work cooperatively with friends or classmates.
6. Demonstrate basic arm and body position for overhead pass, forearm pass,
underhand serve, and overhand serve through participation in class activities. Work
cooperatively as a team playing volleyball related games.

FINAL OUTPUT: PORTFOLIO

COMPILATION OF DIFFIRENT IMAGES REGARDING BASKETBALL AND

VOLLEYBALL. USE YOUR CREATIVITY AND ARTISTIC.