CLIMATE CHANGE 2001: IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITYANNEXES

Prepared by IPCC Working Group II

A
Authors and Expert Reviewers

972 American Samoa Lelei Peau Antigua Brian Challenger Argentina Osvaldo F. Canziani Rodolfo Carcavallo Jorge O. Codignotto

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Austria Paul Freeman Helmut Hojesky Nebojsa Nakicenovic Klaus Radunsky

NOAA

APUA

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Federal Ministry for Environment International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Federal Environment Agency

Co-Chair, WGII Department of Entomology Laboratorio Geologia y Dinamica Costera Rosa Hilda Compagnucci Dpto de Ciencia de la Atmosfera Sandra Myrna Diaz Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal Jorge Frangi Universidad Nacional de la Plata Graciela Magrin Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria Gabriel Soler Fundacin Instituto Latinoamericano de Polticas Sociales Silvina Solman Ciudad Universitaria Eduardo Usunoff Instituto de Hidrologie de Llanuras Walter Vargas University of Buenos Aires Ernesto F. Viglizzo PROCISUR/INTO/CONICET Australia Kay Abel Bryson Bates Ian Carruthers Steven Crimp Max Finlayson Alistair Gilmour Habiba Gitay Ann Henderson-Sellers David Hopley Mark Howden

Bangladesh Q.K. Ahmad Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad Saleemul Huq Imperial College London M. Monirul Qader Mirza The Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto Barbados Leonard Nurse

Coastal Zone Management Unit

Belgium Alain Dassargues University of Liege Mark Rounsevell Universite Catholique de Louvain Jean-Pascal van Ypersele Institut dAstronomie et de Geophysique G. Lemaitre Benin Epiphane Dotou Ahlonsou Service Mtorologique National Botswana Michel Boko Pauline O. Dube Brazil Heraldo C.N.S. Campos Ulisses Confalonieri Philip M. Fearnside Emilio Lebre La Rovere J.A. Marengo Orsini Y.D.P. Medeiros Carlos A. Nobre Bulgaria Vesselin Alexandrov

Richard Hoy Roger Jones Lawrence Leung Janice Lough Harvey J. Marchant Roger McLean Ian Noble Barrie Pittock Andy Reisinger David Shearman Brian H. Walker

Australian Greenhouse Office CSIRO Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories Queensland Centre for Climate Applications Environmental Research Institute Center for Environmental and Urban Studies Australian National University Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Office James Cook University of North Queensland Bureau of Rural Sciences, Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry Electricity Supply Association of Australia CSIRO Atmospheric Research BHP Research-Newcastle Laboratories Australian Institute of Marine Science Australian Antarctic Division University of New South Wales Australian National University CSIRO Climate Impact Group Ministry for the Environment University of Adelaide CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology

Universite de Bourgogne University of Botswana

University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos National School of Public Health Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia Federal University of Rio de Janeiro CPTEC/INPE Universidade Federal da Bahia CPTEC/INPE

National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology

Canada Michael Apps David Barber Richard J. Beamish James P. Bruce Ian Burton Ian Campbell Wenjun Chen Josef Cihlar

Northern Forest Centre Environment Canada Pacific Biological Station Canadian Climate Program Board University of Toronto Canadian Forest Service Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Canada Centre for Remote Sensing

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Stewart J. Cohen Environmental Adaptation Research Group, University of British Columbia Meteorological Service of Canada Environment Canada University of Windsor Meteorological Service of Canada Environment Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography Agriculture Canada Environment Canada University of Toronto Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management University of Waterloo Geological Survey of Canada Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction Environment Canada Environment Canada Environment Canada National Water Research Institute Environment Canada University of Alberta Bedford Institute of Oceanography University of Guelph Environment Canada B.C. Ministry of Forests Policy, Program, and International Affairs Directorate Environment Canada Saskatchewan Research Council Environment Canada Environment Canada (retired) B.C. Ministry of Employment and Investment Alberta Environment Su Jilan Hui Ju Wen Kegang Bai Keyu Yue Li Dahe Qin Guoyu Ren Chengguo Shen Fulu Tao Changrong Yan Xiu Yang Ding Yihui Aiwen Ying Lv Yingyun Xinshi Zhang Jian-yun Zhang Guangsheng Zhou Costa Rica Max Campos Jorge Cortes Cuba Avelino G. Suarez

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Jean Cooper Alexandre Desbarats Kirsty Duncan Patti Edwards David Etkin Donald Forbes Edward G. Gregorich Marc Hinton Robert L. Jefferies Mark Johnston Paul Kay Roy M. Koerner Paul Kovacs Joan Masterton Barrie Maxwell Linda Mortsch Terry Prowse Alfonso Rivera David W. Schindler John Shaw Barry Smit Sharon Smith David L. Spittlehouse John M.R. Stone J.A. Trofymow Elaine Wheaton J.M. White G. Daniel Williams Louise Wilson Raymond Wong Chile Eduardo Basso China Liping Bai Youmin Chen Jiaqi Chen Liu Chunzhen Li Congxian Gao Deming Bilan Du Lin Erda

Second Institute of Oceanography Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Agrometeorology Instutite Chinese Academy of Sciences China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Agrometeorology Instutite Agrometeorology Instutite China Meteorological Administration Ministry of Water Resources Institute of Global Climate Change Chinese Academy of Science Ministry of Water Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

National Meteorological Institute Universidad de Costa Rica

Institute of Ecology and Systematics

Denmark Jens H. Christensen El Salvador J. Roberto Jovel Finland Timothy Carter Paula Kankaala Seppo Kellomaki Pirkko Kortelainen Jukka Laine Seppo Neuvonen France Marc Gillet Arnaud Hequette Benoit Lesaffre Martin Pecheux Michel Petit Francois Rodhain Jean-Francois Soussana

Danish Meteorological Institute

Independent Consultant

Independent Consultant

Agrometeorology Institute Agrometeorology Institute Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Hydrological Forecasting and Water Control Center Tongji University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China Institute for Marine Development Strategy Agrometeorology Institute

Finnish Environment Institute University of Helsinki University of Joensuu Finnish Environment Institute University of Helsinki University of Turku

Mission Interministerielle de lEffet de Serre Universite du Littoral Ministere de lAmenagement du Territoire et de lEnvironnement Nice University Vice-Chair, WGII Institut Pasteur INRA, Unite dAgronomie

974 Gambia Bubu Pateh Jallow Germany Alfred Becker Rosemarie Benndorf Cornelia Berns Gerhard Berz Markus Breuer Harald Bugmann Wolfgang P. Cramer Thomas Frisch Birgit Georgi Anke Herold Venugopalan Ittekkot Richard J.T. Klein Harald Kohl

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability S.S. Prihar P.S. Ramakrishnan S.K. Sinha Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Federal Environmental Agency Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture, and Forestry Munich Reinsurance Company German Agency for Technical Cooperation Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Federal Environmental Agency Federal Environmental Agency Oko-Institut Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Federal Environmental Agency Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Federal Environmental Agency Credit Suisse Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research University of Bayreuth Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Federal Environmental Agency Dresden University of Technology Independent Consultant School of Environmental Sciences Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Department of Water Resources

Indonesia Daniel Murdiyarso Hari Suharyono Israel Z. Alperson Tartakovsky Leonid Uriel N. Safriel Leonid Tartakovsky Italy Gaetano Borrelli

State Ministry for Environment BPPT

Israel Meteorological Service Israel Institute of Technology The Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Israel Institute of Technology

Mauro Centritto Domenico Gaudioso Filippo Giorgi Wulf Killmann Bettina Menne Teresa Nanni

Marcus Linder Petra Mahrenholz I. Colin Prentice Rolf Sartorius Bernd Schanzenbacher H.-J. Schellnhuber Ernst-Detlef Schulze Ferenc Toth Thomas Voigt Horst Wingrich Guatemala Joao S. de Queiroz Roberto Morales Guinea C. Ibrahima Sory Joseph Sylla

Astrid Raudner

National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and the Environment Instituto di Biochimica ed Ecofisiologia Vegetali National Environmental Protection Agency Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Food and Agriculture Organization WHO-European Centre for Environment and Health Institute of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences of the National Research Council National Environmental Protection Agency

Jamaica A. Anthony Chen Japan Mitsuru Ando

University of the West Indies

USAID/G-CAP USAID/G-CAP

Yoshitaka Fukuoka Keisuke Hanaki Hideo Harasawa Takeshi Horie Masami Iriki Hiroshi Kadomura Kanehiro Kitayama Nobuo Mimura Toyohiko Miyagi Hisayoshi Morisugi Shinichi Nagata Masahisa Nakamura

University of Conakry Direction Nationale de lEnvironnement

India Rais Akhtar Sujata Gupta Shreekant Gupta Murari Lal Kirit Parikh Anand Patwardhan

University of Kashmir Tata Energy Research Institute University of Delhi Indian Institute of Technology Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research Indian Institute of Technology

National Institute for Environmental Studies Risshou University University of Tokyo Social and Environmental Systems Division Kyoto University Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences Rissho University Japanese Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Ibaraki University Tohoku Gakuin University Tohoku University Environment Agency Lake Biwa Research Institute

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Shuzo Nishioka Eiji Ohno Kenji Omasa Akihiko Sasaki Tsuguyoshi Suzuki Nobuyuki Tanaka Keio University Meijo University The University of Tokyo National Institute of Public Health Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Regeneration Process Laboratory Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Embassy of Japan Nagoya University Tsukuba University Mexico A. de la Vega Navarro

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Satoshi Tanaka Masatomo Umitsu Masatoshi Yoshino

National Autonomous University of Mexico M. de Lourdes Villers-Ruiz College of Forest Resources Ernesto Jauregui National University Victor Magana Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera Ana Rosa Moreno North American Center for Environmental Information and Communication Jose Sarukhan Ciudad Universitaria Morocco Abdelkader Allali

Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Fishing

Kazakhstan Olga Pilifosova Kenya Andrew Githeko Mukiri Githendu Wilson Kimani Gabriel M. Mailu F.M. Mutua John Nganga Joseph Njihia William Nyakwada Laban Ogallo R.E. Okoola Christopher Oludhe Joyce Onyango Helida Oyieke Mwakio P. Tole Joshua Wairoto Kiribati Nakibae Teuatabo

UNFCCC Secretariat

Nepal Sharad P. Adhikary

Water and Energy Commission Secretariat

Kenya Medical Research Institute Ministry of Research and Technology Kenya Meteorological Department Ministry of Research and Technology University of Nairobi University of Nairobi Kenya Meteorological Department Kenya Meteorological Department University of Nairobi University of Nairobi University of Nairobi National Environment Secretariat Kenya Museum Moi University Kenya Meteorological Department

New Zealand Jon Barnett

Reid Basher John R. Campbell B. Blair Fitzharris John Hay Richard Ibbitt Neil Mitchell Talbot Murray Gerald Rys Richard Warrick Alastair Woodward David Wratt

Ministry of Environment and Social Development

Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research University of Waikato University of Otago The University of Waikato National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research The University of Auckland National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ministry of Research, Science, and Technology University of Waikato Wellington School of Medicine National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Malawi Paul Desanker Malaysia Chan Ah Kee Mohammad Ilyas Maldives Simad Saeed

University of Virginia

Niger Abdelkrim Ben Mohamed Universite de Niamey Garba Goudou Dieudonne Office of the Prime Minister Nigeria James O. Adejuwon Daniel M. Gwary James C. Nwafor Norway Torgrim Asphjell Torstein Bye Oyvind Christophersen Jon Ove Hagen Jarle Inge Holten Bjorn Fossli Johansen

Malaysian Meteorological Service Universiti Sains Malaysia

Obafemi Awolowo University University of Maiduguri University of Nigeria

Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing, and Environment

Malta Lino Briguglio

Foundation for International Studies

Mauritius Sachooda Ragoonaden

Mauritius Meteorological Services

Norwegian Pollution Control Authority Statistics Norway Ministry of Environment University of Oslo Terrestrial Ecology Research Institute Norwegian Polar Institute

976 Else Lobersli Harald Loeng Sophia Mylona Petter Nilsen Karen OBrien Marit Viktoria Pettersen Kare Venn

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Directorate for Nature Management Institute of Marine Research Norwegian Pollution Control Authority Norwegian Forest Research Institute Center for International Climate and Environmental Research Norwegian Pollution Control Authority Norwegian Forest Research Institute Irena Borzenkova Zurab Kopaliani Serguei Semenov Alla Tsyban Igor Shiklomanov Oleg Sirotenko State Hydrological Institute State Hydrological Institute Institute of Global Climate and Ecology Institute of Global Climate and Ecology State Hydrological Institute All Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Meteorology

Samoa Graham Sem Saudi Arabia Mohammad Al Sabban Scotland Peter S. Maitland

UNFCCC Secretariat

Peru Humberto Guerra

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Government of Saudi Arabia

Philippines Maximo W. Baradas Rex Victor Cruz Felino Lansigan

RAMSAR Convention

Philippine Rice Research Institute University of the Phillipines at Los Banos University of the Philippines at Los Banos

Senegal Isabelle Niang-Diop Seychelles Rolph Payet

University of Dakar

Poland Jan Dobrowolski Zdzislaw Kaczmarek Zbigniew Kundzewicz Wojciech Suchorzewski Portugal Julia de Seixas Maria Rosa Paiva Luis Veiga da Cunha Romania Constanta Boroneant Aristita Busuioc Ciprian Stelian Corbus Vasile Cuculeanu Anton Geicu Adriana Marica Marinela Simota Viorel A. Stanescu

Ministry of Industries and International Business

Department of Environmental Management and Protection Polish Academy of Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw University of Technology

Singapore Poh Poh Wong Slovakia Jan Szolgay South Africa Gerrie Coetzee Robert J. Scholes Clive R. Turner

National University of Singapore

Slovak Technical University

Universidade Nova de Lisboa Universidade Nova de Lisboa Universidade Nova de Lisboa

National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology

Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism CSIR Eskom Resources and Strategy Group

Russian Federation Oleg Anisimov Yurij Anokhin

State Hydrological Institute Institute of Global Climate and Ecology

Spain Sergio Alonso University of the Balearic Islands Francisco Ayala-Carcedo Geomining Technological Institute of Spain Ferran Ballester Institut Valencia dEstudis en Salut Publica Lucila Candela Tecnical University of Catalonia E. Crespo de Nogueira Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales Francisco Diaz-Fierros University of Santiago Francesc Gallart Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera M.-C. Llasat Botija University of Barcelona Pilar Llorens Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera Josep Penuelas Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications Javier Zapata Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Sri Lanka Y.A.D.S. Wanasinghe Richard S.J. Tol S.C. van de Geijn A. van Hoorn G. van Tol A. Veldkamp Pier Vellinga J. Verbeek Jan A. Verhagen Togo Ayite-Lo Ajavon

977

University of Sri Jayew Ardenepura

Sweden Christian Azar Sten Bergstrm Torben R. Christensen Ulf Molau Mats Olsson Mats Oquist

Chalmers University of Technology Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Lund University University of Gothenburg Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Water and Environmental Studies

Vrije Universiteit Landbouw Universiteit Wageningen Ministerie van Landbouw Expertisecentrum LNV Wageningen University Institute for Environmental Studies Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management Plant Research International

Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory

Switzerland Aiko Bode Michael J. Coughlan Andreas Fischlin Frank Oldfield Jose Romero

UNEP Insurance Industry Initiative World Meteorological Organization Terrestrial Systems Ecology IGBP Past Global Changes Office Office Federal de lEnvironnement des Forets et du Paysage

Uganda Charles Basalirwa United Kingdom Neil Adger Nigel Arnell Charlotte Benson Barnaby Briggs Barbara Brown

Makerere University

Thailand Somsri Arumin Asdaporn Krairapanond Bundit Limmeechokchai Ed Sarobol Duangkae Vilainerun The Netherlands Luitzen Bijlsma P.S. Bindraban Laurens Bouwer A.J. Dietz H. Dolman W.L. Hare Jean-Paul Hettelingh Michiel A. Keyzer Rik Leemans Marcel Marchand Pim Martens Hans Nieuwenhuis Maresa Oosterman J.H.J. Spiertz H.F.M. Ten Berge

Land Development Department Office of Environmental Policy and Planning Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Kasetsart University Ministry of Public Health

Humphrey Crick Andrew F. Dlugolecki Thomas E. Downing Samuel Fankhauser Jonathan Grant Andrew Haines Christopher Hope Mike Hulme P.M. Kelly Sari Kovats David Mansell-Moullin Greg Masters M. McKenzie Hedger Anthony J. McMichael Robert J. Nicholls Jean P. Palutikof Martin Parry Allen Perry Sarah Randolph David Satterthwaite Jim F. Skea David Vaughan Richard Vincent David A. Warrilow

National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management Plant Research International Institute for Environmental Studies University of Amsterdam Wageningen University and Research Centre Greenpeace International RIVM Vrije Universiteit National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection Wl|Delft Hydraulics Maastricht University Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken Wageningen University and Research Centre Plant Research International

University of East Anglia University of Southampton Overseas Development Institute Environmental Resources Management University of New Castle upon Tyne British Trust for Ornithology Independent Consultant Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford European Bank of Reconstruction and Development IPIECA London Medical School University of Cambridge University of East Anglia University of East Anglia London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine IPIECA Climate Change Research Initiative University of Oxford London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Middlesex University University of East Anglia Jackson Environment Institute University of Wales Swansea University of Oxford International Institute for Environment and Development University of Sussex British Antarctic Survey Department of the Environment, Transport, and the Regions Department of the Environment

978 Uruguay Walter Baethgen United States Shardul Agrawala L.H. Allen, Jr. Richard B. Alley Jeffrey S. Amthor Mark Anderson John Antle Phillip L. Antweiler Assaf Anyamba Phillip A. Arkin Joan L. Aron Kevin R. Arrigo Mitchell Baer Sam Baldwin Rosina Bierbaum Terence Jack Blasing Suzanne Bolton Mark Bove Jeff Brokaw David H. Bromwich Sandra Brown Ronald Brunner Earle N. Buckley James L. Buizer Virginia Burkett Antonio J. Busalacchi David Campbell Terry Chapin III William C. Clark Louis A. Codispoti Roy Darwin Margaret Davidson Jonathan Davis Benjamin DeAngelo Stephen Decanio Dennis Devlin David J. Dokken James J. Dooley Robert B. Dunbar William Easterling

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sylvia Edgerton Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Paul N Edwards University of Michigan Gary S. Eilerts Famine Early Warning System Project Hugh Ellis The Johns Hopkins University Kerry Emanuel Massachusetts Institute of Technology Paul R. Epstein Harvard Medical School John Everett National Marine Fisheries Service James Fahn NOAA, Office of Global Programs Lisa Farrow NOAA, Office of Global Programs Howard Feldman American Petroleum Institute Lauren Flejzor U.S. Department of State Joshua Foster NOAA, Office of Global Programs Franco Furger George Mason University John Furlow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Janet Line Gamble U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mary Gant U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Luis E. Garcia Inter-American Development Bank Laurie Geller National Research Council Lee C. Gerhard Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas Suzanne Giannini-Spohn U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Michael H. Glantz National Center for Atmospheric Research Peter Gleick Pacific Institute Per Gloersen NASAGoddard Space Flight Center Patrick Gonzalez U.S. Geological Survey William Gore Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. Inc.1 Vivien Gornitz Columbia University Anne Grambsch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Kenneth Green Reason Public Policy Institute Peter M. Groffman Institute of Ecosystem Studies Duane J. Gubler Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stephen Guptill U.S. Geological Survey Peter M. Haas University of Massachusetts Kimberly Hall The University of Michigan Michael P. Hamnett Social Science Research Institute P.J. Hanson Oak Ridge National Laboratory Arthur Hawkins RAMSAR Convention Wanda Haxton U.S. Environmental Protection Agency A.S. Heagle U.S. Department of Agriculture Geoffrey Heal Columbia Business School Daniel Hellerstein U.S. Department of Agriculture Rachelle D. Hollander National Science Foundation Richard S. Eckaus

IFDC

International Research Institute U.S Department of Agriculture Pennsylvania State University Oak Ridge National Laboratory Office of Science and Technology Policy Montana State University U.S. Department of State National Aeronautics and Space Administration International Research Institute for Climate Prediction Science Communication Studies Stanford University Department of Energy Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Marine Fisheries Service Florida State University U.S. Agency for International Development Ohio State University Winrock International University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs U.S. Geological Survey NASAGoddard Space Flight Center Michigan State University University of Alaska Harvard University Horn Point Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture NOAACoastal Services Center The National Academies, Institute of Medicine U.S. Environmental Protection Agency University of California at Santa Barbara Exxon Mobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Stanford University The Pennsylvania State University

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Paul Houser Schuyler Houser Richard B. Howarth Charles Howe Joseph Huang M.A. Huston Charles F. Hutchinson Mare Imhoff Kevin Ingram Dale Jamieson Sheila Jasanoff Julie D. Jastrow Carol Jones Susan Herrod Julius Daniel Kammen Sally Kane Bob Kates Richard W. Katz Glen Kelly Victor Kennedy Mojdeh Keykhah Bruce Kimball Jane Kinsel Lee Ann Kozak Alan Krupnick Kristin Kuntz-Duriseti Rattan Lal Chris Landsea William K.M. Lau Jim Lazorchak Neil Leary Michael Ledbetter Robert Lempert Clement D. Lewsey Frances C. Li Sven B. Lundstedt Michael C. MacCracken John J. Magnuson David C. Major Elizabeth Malone Karen Marsh Paul Mayewski James J. McCarthy John McCarty National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sinte Gleska University Dartmouth College University of Colorado U.S. Country Studies Program Oak Ridge National Laboratory Arizona Remote Sensing Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S. Department of Agriculture Carleton College Harvard University Argonne National Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture NCEA, ORD, EPA University of California, Berkeley National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Independent Consultant National Center for Atmospheric Research Global Climate Coalition University of Maryland J.F. Kennedy School of Government U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institutes of Health Southern Company Services Resources for the Future Stanford University Ohio State Universtiy NOAA Hurricane Research Division NASAGoddard Space Flight Center U.S. Environmental Protection Agency University Corporation for Atmospheric Research National Science Foundation Rand Corporation National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Science Foundation The Ohio State University National Assessment Coordination Office University of Wisconsin Columbia University Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Federal Emergency Management Agency Institute for Quaternary Co-Chair, WGII U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Robert McFadden Michael A. McGeehin Diane McKnight S.B. McLaughlin Linda Mearns Robert Mendelsohn William Meyer Elizabeth Middleton Richard B. Mieremet Edward L. Miles Kathleen Miller Ansje Miller N.L. Miller R.M. Miller Evan Mills Jeff Miotke James W. Mjelde Jack A. Morgan James Morison Susanne C. Moser Richard H. Moss Thomas Muir Daniel Mullarkey Frederick E. Nelson Claudia Nierenberg Richard Norgaard Jim OBrien Walter Oechel Martin Offutt Camille Parmesan Edward Parson Kim Partington Anthony Patt Jonathan Patz Andrew Peara Roger A. Pielke Mark Pineda Stephen R. Piotrowicz Warren T. Piver Wayne Polley

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GHG Associates National Center for Environmental Health INSTAAR Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Yale University Clark University and Harvard University NASAGoddard Space Flight Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration College of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington National Center for Atmospheric Research Redefining Progress Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory U.S. Department of State Texas A&M University U.S Department of Agriculture University of Washington Union of Concerned Scientists Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Office of Science and Technology Policy U.S. Department of Agriculture University of Delaware NOAA, Office of Global Programs University of California, Berkeley Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction San Diego State University Office of Science and Technology Policy University of Texas J.F. Kennedy School of Government National Aeronautics and Space Administration Harvard University Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Independent Consultant Colorado State University National Institutes of Health NOAA, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Agricultural Research Service

980 Robert S. Pomeroy Jeff Price Roger Pulwarty Jonathan Pundsack Robert L. Randall John M. Reilly Charles Revelle Jim Reynolds Charles W. Rice Richard Richels Alan Robock Michael Rodemeyer Catriona Rogers Terry Root C.P. Ropelewski Cynthia Rosenzweig Dale Rothman R. Bradley Sack Ted Scambos Tom Schelling David Schimel David Schimmelpfennig Stephen Schneider Russ Schnell Michael J. Scott Mark C. Serreze Steven R. Shafer Caitlin Simpson Joel B. Smith Raymond C. Smith Amy Snover Brent Sohngen Allen M. Solomon Lisa Sorenson Eugene Z. Stakhiv Macol Stewart Peter Stone

Authors and Expert Reviewers of Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability World Resources Institute American Bird Conservancy NOAA, Office of Global Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration The RainForest ReGeneration Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology Johns Hopkins University Duke University Kansas State University Electric Power Research Institute Rutgers University U.S. House of Representatives Global Change Research Program University of Michigan International Research Institute for Climate Prediction Goddard Institute for Space Studies Columbia University Johns Hopkins University University of Colorado University of Maryland National Center for Atmospheric Research U.S. Department of Agriculture Stanford University National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory University of Colorado U.S. Department of Agriculture NOAA, Office of Global Programs Stratus Consulting Inc. University of California, Santa Barbara JISAO/SMAClimate Impacts Group Ohio State University Office of Science and Technology Policy Boston University U.S. Army Institute for Water Resources NOAA, Office of Global Programs Goddard Institute for Space Studies A.B. Sullivan Tonna-Marie Surgeon George Teslioudisand James Titus Michael Toman Kevin Trenberth Juli M. Trtanj George Tselioudisand Jan C. Vermeiren John E. Walsh Larry Weber J. Jason West T.O. West John P. Weyant Kasey S. White Tom Wilbanks Stan Wilson Elizabeth Wilson Darrell Winner Robert C. Worrest Oak Ridge National Laboratory NOAA, Office of Global Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Resources for the Future National Center for Atmospheric Research NOAA, Office of Global Programs Goddard Institute for Space Studies Organization of American States University of Illinois Office of Science and Technology Policy Massachusetts Institute of Technology Oak Ridge National Laboratory Energy Modeling Forum, Stanford University University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Oak Ridge National Laboratory NOAA, Office of Chief Scientist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Oak Ridge National Laboratory Wesleyan University U.S. Environmental Protection Agency NASAGoddard Space Flight Center

Christina Wright Stan Wullschleger Gary Yohe Richard Zepp Dorothy Zukor

Uzbekistan Tatyana Ososkova Venezuela Luis Jose Mata Alicia Villamizar Zimbabwe Chris H.D. Magadza

KazNIIMOSK

Nord-Sued Zentrum fru Enmtwicklungsforschung Universidad Simon Bolivar

Universitry of Zimbabwe