Readings in the Philippine History

MODULE 1
LESSON 1: Meaning and Relevance of the Subject:
Readings in the Philippine History

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify the importance of their subject Readings in the Philippine History
Understand the impact and benefits of the said subject in relation to their
daily lives.
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DISCUSSION

History subject has been identified as the study of life in the past.
Considering its aspect, it is an inquiry of what, when, where, how it happened
in the past in relation to the present development and for the future hopes.
However, this subject Readings in the Philippine History aims to help the
learners and readers to understand the present existing social, political,
religious and economic conditions of every individual. Without reading and
knowing of the past we cannot have the background of its different aspects, we
may not able to understand the present situations as well. This subject will able
to read and grasp past lessons that will apply the learners and readers of the
historical context in their daily life experiences, especially those who are
researching ideas and facts of the past. In addition to that this subject will not
just focus on the history stories and events itself, it also includes on how to
understand, analyzed and apply the concept and ideas of readings of the
different documents and data of the historical events.

The Course Title: Readings in the Philippine History

Code: GE 3

Course Description:

This course discusses Philippine History from multiple perspective through the
lens of selected primary sources coming from various disciplines and of
different genres. Students are given opportunities to analyze the author’s
background and main arguments, compare different points of view, identify
biases and examine the evidences presented in the document. The discussions
will tacle traditional topics in history and other interdisciplinary themes that
will deepen and broaden their understanding of Phillipines political, economic,
cultural, socal, scientific and religious history. Priority is given to primary

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 Readings in the Philippine History

materials that could help students develop their analytical and communication
skills. The end goal is to develop the historical and critical consciousnes

of the students so that they will become versatile, articulate, broadminded,

morally upright and responsible citizens. This course includes mandatory topics
on the Philippine Constitution, agrarian reform, and taxation.
(https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Readings-in-Philippine-
History.pdf)

Course Topic Outline:

 Introduction of the VMGO, Policies and Guidelines

 Meaning and relevance of history subject;
 Primary and Secondary sources;
 Content and Contextual Analysis
 External and internal criticism
 Identifying of the historical text
 Authors Points of in Identifying Historical Context

 “One past but many histories”

Controversies and conflicting views in Philippine History

Site of the first mass

Cavite mutiny
Retraction of Rizal
Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin

 Social, political, economic and cultural issues in Philippine history

Mandated Topics:
1. Agrarian Reform Policies
2. The Philippine Constitution
3. Taxation

Other sample topics:

1. Filipino Cultural Heritage
2. Filipino American Relations
3. Government peace treaties with Muslim Filipinos

 Critical evaluation and the promotion of local and oral history, museums,
historical shrines, cultural performances, indigenous practices, religious
rites and rituals, etc.
 Institutional History of Schools, Corporations, Industries, Religious groups,
and the like.
 Biography of a prominent filipino

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Readings in the Philippine History

ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITIES
Activity: Identify facts and possible ideas about the subject
Readings in the Philippine History, using a concept map.

HISTORY

Activity 1:
Direction: Read and understand the given ideas about the subject including its
topics, answer the following questions. Make it Short, Simple with Substance.
1. What are your expectations about the subject?
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SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:

https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Readings-in-Philippine-
History.pdf

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 Readings in the Philippine History

MODULE 1

LESSON 2: Primary and Secondary sources

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Differentiate the two sources in gathering data and information about the past
events.
Apply the use of the two sources in gathering data and evidences of the past
events.
Understand the value and used of primary and secondary sources in studying
history.
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DISCUSSION

When you read and do some research about some article of the past, you
have to gather information and evidences from a variety of sources. Here and
there, sources has been found everywhere and information can be gathered
through different sets of data, considering the used of open learning and books
as our sources in gathering facts and ideas about the past.

Pre - Activity

However, before you go through identifying the given resources

in gathering data and information list / enumerate some of your
resources in gathering data and in searching information.
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Readings in the Philippine History

In this development phase you will understand the two types of sources
in reading and researching information data about the past articles.

Primary sources provide raw information and first-hand evidence.

Examples include interview transcripts, statistical data, and works of art. A
primary source gives you direct access to the subject of your research.
(by;Raimo Streefkerk. Scrbbr,September 23, 2019).

If you are to research about the past, you were not able to achieved
reliable sources and information yourself alone, primary sources must produce
at any means, a primary sources could be; letters, photos or newspapers.
Verifying some information about the past through primary sources, it can also
be in a form of qualitative or quantitative data to be collected such as;
interview, experiment or even sources that has been produced by people who is
involved about the research information.

Example of primary Sources:

Primary Sources:
History
 Letters and diaries

Research, Article,  Photographs and

Narrative video footage

Information, Facts  Official documents

etc. and records

 Physical objects

Secondary sources provide second-hand information and commentary

from other researchers. Examples include journal articles, reviews, and
academic books. A secondary source describes, interprets, or synthesizes
primary sources. (by;Raimo Streefkerk. Scrbbr, September 23, 2019)

If you need some information and data that support the Primary sources,
Secondary sources occur. It plays as a second hand facts data of primary

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Readings in the Philippine History

sources. It describes, evaluates interprets, and even analyzed the primary

sources gathered, but when you used the secondary sources for primary
sources, it does not mean that it can directly interpret the data, rather, it gives
another meaning or arguments about the primary sources, or it can be used as
another idea to formulate more facts and evidences to formulate on your own
research information.

Example of Secondary sources;

 Reviews
 Essays
 Textbooks
 Documentaries
 Encyclopedias
 Synopses
 Books or articles

However, Primary sources are more credible as an evidence, considering

that it is the raw information and first - hand evidence to be gathered, yet, for a
better and good result of research and information used both primary and
secondary sources. Secondary plays as a support of the primary sources.

In order to identify if the sources is primary or secondary, you need to

come up with questionnaires;

Primary Secondary
Does the source Does it comment upon
provide original information from other
information? sources?
Am I interested in Am I only using it for
analyzing the source background
itself? information
Does this source come Does this source come
from someone directly from another
involve in the events? researchers?

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SELF CHECK

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Readings in the Philippine History

Directions: From the given ideas and information about the two types of
sources in gathering data, differentiate the following sources through the given
format below.

PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES

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ENRICHMENT Activity 1:
ACTIVITIES Based from the given information about the lesson, chose
one topic below, and try to search and dig on some
evidences or resources about it, using primary and
secondary sources, following the format below.
Topics: a. Magellan’s Discovery of the Philippines
b. Early Filipino Civilization
Topic Primary Sources Secondary Sources

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__
Activity 2:
Direction: Answer the question. Make it Short, Simple with Substance.

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Readings in the Philippine History

1. How do primary and secondary sources important and helpful in studying

history?
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SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:

https://www.library.unsw.edu.au/study/information-resources/primary-
and-secondary-sources
https://www.thoughtco.com/primary-and-secondary-sources-their-
meaning-in-history-1221744
https://ncu.libguides.com/researchprocess/primaryandsecondary

MODULE 1

LESSON 3: Content and Contextual Analysis

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify content and contextual analysis in in gathering data.
Understand the use of content and contextual analysis in gathering data.
Apply content and contextual analysis through primary sources to
understand historical data.
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DISCUSSION

In order for a researcher or a reader to understand about historical events, It is

important to reconsider the use of primary tools to interpret details of a sources. Using
primary and secondary sources, to examine and evaluate a data of different historical
periods need to be by content and contextual analysis.

Pre - Activity

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Readings in the Philippine History

Nevertheless, this given two ideas and concept will enhance your sources
in digging out and understanding some facts about the past events.
Nevertheless, content and contextual analysis is part of studying data of the
historical events in gathering your sources, whether it is primary or secondary,
and the content and contextual must be practiced.

Content analysis, is a research method used to identify patterns in

recorded communication. To conduct a content analysis, you systematically
collect data from a set of text, which can be written, oral, or visual. (Cited by:
Amy Luo. June 2020, Scribbr).
It can be through web content, social media posts, films and
photographs, interviews, speech or books. Content analysis focused on
Try to evaluate your practices when reading or researching some article
and data about historical events. Did you find it hard to read the
historical data? Yes or No? Explain further your experiences.
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counting and measuring, also focused on interpreting and understanding data.

It can be categorize, used word by words through codes, themes and even
concepts within the texts, then, analyze the outcome. Content analysis can
quantify the occurrence of a certain words, phrases, subjects and concepts of a
historical data.
In Addition to that, to understand the content of a data gathered, next is
the Contextual analysis, contextual analysis refers to an occurrence that
shape the settings of an event, idea or statement to understand the content.
Contextual also part of the text of a content that precede or follow a passage
and clarify its meaning. It can be the words used in the content or it can be the
meaning or each word in the content to be clarified and understood with. In
Contextual, you also need to reconsider some questions, such as; was the text
or words used to response to a particular event or social phenomenon? What

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Readings in the Philippine History

kind of views did the author advocate using this kind of word or text? Or what
kind of audience does this author try to reach?
Content and Contextual analysis could be a great used in analyzing
historical data. Their relationship between the two sources which are the
primary and secondary could be a great help in analyzing facts and ideas.
Considering the fact that some sources are falsifiable and irrelevant to the main
topic of the events that you want to understand with. Reading by content and
context is necessary and reliable in the sources that has been gathered, without
it probably, your sources would be dull and experience lag in information.
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SELF CHECK

Directions: From the given ideas and information in gathering data,

differentiate the given analysis. Put a check () below if the given facts are
referring to Content or Contextual analysis.

Content Contextua
l
1. Used to identify patterns in
recorded communiation

2. Occurrence that shape the settings

of an event.

3. It is necessary to receconsider some

questions.

4. Collecting data from a set of text.

5. It precede or follow a passage that

clarify its meaning.

6. Collecting data from oral and visual.

7. It focuses on counting and

measuring data.

8. Gathering single text or words in

the given data.

9. Getting the main words or text to

understand the given data

10.Analysis that uses a research

method.

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Activity 1:
ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITIES

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Readings in the Philippine History

Through the given primary sources below, summarize

the topic using content and contextual analysis.

Propaganda Movement
Propaganda Movement, reform and national consciousness movement that
arose among young Filipino expatriates in the late 19th century. Although its
adherents expressed loyalty to the Spanish colonial government, Spanish
authorities harshly repressed the movement and executed its most prominent
member, José Rizal.

Public education did not arrive in the Philippines until the 1860s, and even then
the Roman Catholic Church controlled the curriculum. Because the Spanish
friars made comparatively little effort to inculcate a knowledge of Castilian, less
than one-fifth of those who went to school could read and write Spanish, and far
fewer could speak it. The Filipino populace was thus kept apart from the colonial
power that had been ruling it for more than three centuries. After the
construction of the Suez Canal in 1869, sons of the wealthy were sent to Spain
and other countries for study. At home and abroad, a growing sense of Filipino
identity had begun to manifest, and in 1872 this burgeoning nationalism
spawned an armed insurrection. About 200 Filipino soldiers at the Cavite arsenal
revolted, killed their officers, and shouted for independence. Plans for a similar
demonstration in Manila failed. The rebellion was quickly suppressed and led to
wholesale arrests, life imprisonment, and the execution of, among others, three
Filipino priests, whose connection with the uprising was not satisfactorily
explained.

In 1888 Filipino expatriate journalist Graciano López Jaena founded the

newspaper La Solidaridad in Barcelona. Throughout its course, La
Solidaridad urged reforms in both religion and government in the Philippines,
and it served as the voice of what became known as the Propaganda Movement.
One of the foremost contributors to La Solidaridad was the precocious José
Rizal y Mercado. Rizal wrote two political novels—Noli me tangere (1887; Touch
Me Not) and El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)—which had a wide
impact in the Philippines. López Jaena, Rizal, and journalist Marcelo del Pilar
emerged as the three leading figures of the Propaganda Movement, and
magazines, poetry, and pamphleteering flourished.

While López Jaena and Pilar remained abroad, in 1892 Rizal returned home
and founded the Liga Filipina, a modest reform-minded society that was loyal to
Spain and breathed no word of independence. As with the Cavite mutiny, the
Spanish authorities overreacted to a perceived threat to their rule. They
promptly arrested and exiled Rizal to a remote island in the south. Meanwhile,

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 Readings in the Philippine History

within the Philippines there had developed a firm commitment to independence

among the somewhat less privileged class. Shocked by the arrest of Rizal, these
activists formed the Katipunan under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio, a self-
educated warehouseman. The Katipunan was dedicated to the expulsion of the
Spanish from the islands, and preparations were made for armed revolt. There
had been many Filipino rebels throughout the history of Spanish rule, but now
for the first time they were inspired by nationalist ambitions and possessed the
education needed to make success a real possibility.

On August 26, 1896, Bonifacio issued the Grito de Balintawak (“the Cry of
Balintawak”), calling for an armed uprising against the Spanish. The centre of
the revolt was in Cavite province, where Filipino independence leader Emilio
Aguinaldo first came into prominence. Spain sent reinforcements until there
was an army of 28,000, along with a few loyal regiments of Filipino soldiers. A
stiff campaign of 52 days brought about the defeat of the insurgents, but the
Spanish once again endeavoured to work against their own interests. Although
Rizal had no connection to the uprising or Katipunan, the Spanish military
arrested him and, after a farcical trial, found him guilty of sedition. He was
executed by a firing squad in Manila on December 30, 1896.

The execution of Rizal breathed new life into the insurrection, and
the Philippine Revolution spread to the provinces of Pangasinan, Zambales, and
Ilocos. With the destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine on February 15, 1898,
in the harbour of Havana, Cuba, and the subsequent wave of public
indignation, hostilities erupted between Spain and the United States. The exiled
Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines on May 19 and announced renewal of the
struggle with Spain. The Philippines declared independence from Spain on June
12 and proclaimed a provisional republic with Aguinaldo as president. With the
conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the Philippines, along with Puerto
Rico and Guam, were ceded by Spain to the U.S. by the Treaty of Paris, on
December 10, 1898. The Filipino struggle for independence would continue
through the Philippine-American War and would not be achieved until
after World War II. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Propaganda-Movement)

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Activity 2:
Direction: Read and understand the given ideas about the subject including its
topics, answer the following questions. Make it Short, Simple with Substance.
1. In what way do we used content and contextual analysis in summarizing and
reading data?

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Readings in the Philippine History

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2. While using content and contextual analysis in summarizing data, did you find
it easy or hard? How come? Explain your answer.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________

SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:

https://ph.search.yahoo.com/yhs/
search;_ylt=Awrx5ZZ.URxfHOgAqgffSQx.;_ylc=X1MDMjExNDczNDU1OQR
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Yw?p=difference+of+content+and+contextual+analysis&fr2=sb-
top&hspart=Lkry&hsimp=yhs-
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