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We should say that the destructive component had entrenched itself in the super-ego and tured against the ego. What is now holding sway in the super-ego is, as it were, a pure culture of the death-instinct, and in fact it often enough succeeds in driving the ego into death, if the latter does not protect itself from the tyrant in time by a revulsion into mania.” 4 a) & ro} Sy} obe Bela} 0 #E}elaly BE Bale] oz et Seve asada Wate, ele a) AUS 32) aalel 2S FAS| Also] rae. Alalzy Aoloj Tt eke a8 SA Aas} =o pest aaa 4]. ‘SU is identification) TKS z 8h e Fu 7k of] 2], 29} vawee, TUASRE H- SUNS PHA alelae] Wyo] Ese] & mn oe z WA BE Teac. 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Te] 20008q) o}Fol= Foleh= Be] al (precarious life)o]@ 1S 4 Be] ASE Meh. “ARS ap JeleloReRt oh 42}, ree QA) Ret zelyeo+ E/(precariat), 12] 3 2 HE 4, aie] HES 22 Vi Dee BE a, E=c]Es] $2 +FR2 ee (many weaklings)& EP}. 7] TFA] Say Awe Tels, “#Sele] Ay & 2S} (HBlackLivesMatter) BE, AE TAY] ola] ASR ARE BS] ofp] uslel “52 3} ]P]4]¥]"(Asociacién Madres de Plaza de Mayo), M2 Gat Uel7Ael Bs} alo] S$sl= ela, ea] aeasS a $2] PEt YR PRPS] AS BuUpowHE ARHE, ola} Sal alee WS + Me Pel Me AG Se] BP Red. oad U7} Ye] ae WeET] gM eS olZ7x ‘FAL ] Shlo}okshe7 2’ eat eo] gutan Bek AA ° ra ESA, DAS Aol] 21714] 7A OLS Boke of | SE WU, Why Ys) FeSe eo] 4 Brats] ago] ohyoh alee $2] 29] Helga} AMS Sap Belen SHI AS Hess AAEM] aot ohieh, eto] Ss} Baal USES Ye] BRE a 9} 6] achin HRS &, Se 4s] 89 wah a7} de awe olga og Al oleyaishiz7Pa) ola els] eee, ASKS Fe] ee Sale WE 717 9} OE wh SS Bele. 16) [213] “something “queer” is at work at the heart of gender performativity, a queeress that is not so very different from the swerves taken by iterability in Derrida’s account of the speech act as citational”(Notes 63); “the term queer does not designate identity, but alliance, and it is a good term to invoke as we make uneasy and unpredictable alliances in the struggle for social, political, and economic justice”(Notes 70) 308 ale] o 3 as Ma} aa, aon Us alas} Be. a7l9] Ale, Se] BE be A] A OBE ApJ) SSS so] Gee A, ol lowe Dae che @ dol Sas) Gethe IS gelel aloe, Fale Sag aoe wat etek eh " ae e g fo Al ARLE aly) 137] wer 2 Ah a 2p raha] BAS Fale] Beso] $7144] AAS ©] Fedzs] Ab} Mas wi, ART Ss ee Jol] seat, Fete ARID S24EE we ae} ree LEO) 1S EO oe} AhIEE ABS 1d 71%, loc, 20cH9] 2 ach. eRe Yee YU SUS WASh=S Fro oh yeh, U9} 42 Uso] fs Bold . FIA Selo] FAS uy] swede apo] 3 US} eRe} eel7] Het oj, AQULe 4kSo] Sy] BIS Bar], Eso] a AS Yat AS A] 93] of, Ye] ES} Yo] &, tela Uo} F229] Fes] AAs} US Gal Be H Feo] AYota, Ces] AB] APoht AVS ae BE ARE @ HS YlepH o] AVIS WSelaS Zea ie Wehol] Mee7t ewe Bo] Aeduche wale AAS word ede UF Be AWS Gejaiar 37) ele} aE NL Fale] BIS Y eek 2 # 421 se. aa sees anise Taal 404 Set ySa9] Vat Se aes) AVS el USES Bows) Slo] FAY BE MRA aS F Seip Gon Hae, eles SRO +H ] Azz} ad oy Ioh} co Palo|a alae) aiele) ward + ghee 2], sels A asit cpieel Qe weld #8 Ae, sala anal BABA Aaa dle So AS Ve esl7t Bee SUS + Moly ache] Bae oO wild. gonel, Fe] Bey, BS F94 309 Beals. "epse] Eekyss Wel. “WBF oles 27.1 (2022): 217-55. —. "AAA S|, AS, del Waals] Phe. “ESS Arb 23.2 (2022): 243-69. ME. H)Se2] Ys} BETS] yA. Yo], 26.1 (2021): 185-211. Althusser, Louis. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Trans. Ben Brewster. New York: Monthly Review, 2001. Arendt, Hannah. “Lying in Politics.” Crises of the Republic. New York: Harvest, 1972. 1-47. ---. “Truth and Politics.” The Portable Hannah Arendt. Ed. Peter Baier. New York: Penguin, 2000. 545-75. Austin, J. L. How to Do Things With Words. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1962. Barrett, Lisa. How Emotions Are Made. New York: Harcourt, 2007. Brison, Susan. “Speech, Harm, and the Mind-Body Problem in First Amendment Jurisprudence.” Legal Theory 4 (1998): 39-61. Brown, Alexander, “What Is Hate Speech? Part 2: Family Resemblances.” Law and Philosophy 36.5 (2017): 561-613. Butler, Judith. 1986. 'Sex and Gender in Simone de Beauvoir's Second Sex’. Yale French Studies 72: 35-49. ---. Subjects of Desire. New York: Columbia UP, 1987. ---. Excitable Speech. New York: Routledge, 1997. "ALBA. F214 $4), AS: Sal, 2016. ---. The Force of Nonviolence. New York: Verso, 2020. ---. Giving an Account of Oneself. New York: Fordham UP, 2005. ---. Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2015. ---. Precarious Life. New York: Verso, 2004. 310 aa ---. Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge, 2004. ---. “Preface to the Routledge Classics Edition.” Excitable Speech. New York: Routledge, 2021. xiv-xxiv. Butler, Judith, and A. Athanasiou. Dispossession. New York: Polity, 2013. Bourdieu, Pierre. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1991. Chesterton, G. K. The Man Who Was Thursday. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986. Damasio, Antonio. Descartes’ Error. New York: Avon, 1994. Derrida, Jacques. “Signature Event Context.” Margins of Philosophy. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1982. 307-30. Felman, Shoshana. The Literary Speech Act. Trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1983. Freud, Sigmund. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Trans. James Scrachey. London: Hogarth, 1915. Gelber, Katharine. “Hate Speech—Definitions & Empirical Evidence.” Constitutional Commentary 32.3 (2017): 619-29. Harari, Yuval. Homo Deus. London: Harvill Secker, 2016. Matsuda, Mari. et al, eds. Words that Wound. Boulder: Westview, 1993. MacKinnon, Catharine. Only Words. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1993. Mujioz, José. Disidentifications. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1999. Oxford Dictionary. “Word of the Year 2016.” OxfordLanguages. 01. Jan. 2023. Pascal, Blaise. Pensées. Paris: Mercure de France, 1976. Salih, Sara. Judith Butler. New York: Routledge, 2002. Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain. New York: Oxford UP, 1985. Stiglitz, Eugene. The Price of Inequality. New York: Norton, 2012. Zizek, Slavoj, Tarrying with the Negative. Durham: Duke UP, 1993. ---. Hegel in a Wired Brain. New York: Bloomsbury, 2020. gonel, Fe] Bey, BS F94 311 net ou, Fails] YA48, He] AYA Bras Bas (FAs) gous FE Ally Mes Us, ¥, WS, Sa, 84 AB 7] Aa] BAe] Yo\Aow wsh: HAOe Pelee} ae} Powis ces MIA WAS] Ho] or} ofl Als] eApay wig gle] A|h=s Be ohych. Bouas] Wea Mle $2 7p} HAW Uge Aas adh. 7h} HAE E ao]n S24 gl) ARIS aslo] Qos] Byes BS See ae, a AAS SS AAG owe o] SAMO] grh AM ASS Alzle] eal Aga, M2 Fsse 242k 2 HE ol] OSS) Wile] Az) Fel 7 SAE eth. Hep] o] J] B42 o} Ajule] 4a} Se] Me Vola Sle] Be of eee Ak Aapaber| Frl2 wSel7+ AOUMS yg) ol zabetay, ola] o}8 7) Aasla4} shez|S Asn, ZSqoe ae aa eal & Bod F QE EAS Dele Va} she ul] 2 Se] Beh. 4 Bou, 7H B22) Balt co] oVyyzAeleh= 0] = ashi, Sa, Pouse] LS Sad = she BEhUNDS # oe Bol ust wo] a 7d + MEA H , “| Feh9} 41,(2020)9] Be Wo] ZLo]E7} of Ba] neues Real, S PYSKS ERE] ulete] 7]AS wsey} ofa) aa Alt Bee WE ase AALS GAFEAS th re a ol u 312 aa Hate Speech, Subject Agency and Performativity of Bodies Abstract Haeook Jeong (Pukyong National University) Hate speech is any form of expression that vilifies and discriminates against individuals or groups based on their identity, including race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and more. However, hate speech is not merely an emotional expression; it can often be intertwined with fake news and logical reasoning that appears convincing. This article explores Judith Butler's theories on hate speech, how she resists it, and how to draw a good life out of a bad life. Firstly, it examines the limitations of the traditional dichotomy between reason and emotion and how it relates to issues such as hate speech, fake news, and post-truth. Secondly, it analyzes hate speech as either an illocutionary or perlocutionary speech act, and reviews legal cases related to hate speech in the USA through Judith Butler's Excitable Speech (1997). Thirdly, it explores Butler's analysis of Freud's work in The Force Of Nonviolence (2020), including his ideas about the importance of emotional tics and communities of feeling, and how he aimed to overcome blind fury in his later years. The article also discusses how Butler supplements Freud's unfinished research and extends his ideas beyond their original limits. Finally, the implications of these attempts for Korean society, which is currently grappling with the problem of hate speech, are examined in the last section. »Keywords: Judith Butler, hate speech, excitable speech, perlocutionary speech acts, performativity, Freud, emotional ties gonel, Fe] Bey, BS F94 313 > Notes on the Contributor: Haeook Jeong is Researcher of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Pukyung National University. Email: jeonghacook@gmail.com Received: January 30, 2023. Reviewed: February 14, 2023, Accepted: February 14, 2023.

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