NAME: K.

MANYAM

MOBILE NUMER: 9441316066

SUBJECT: POWER ELECTRONICS, SUPPLY

REGULATION: R17

SUBJECT CODE: 1P6BB

DATE OF EXAM: 30.12.2021

PART A:

1. Answer

Two transistor analogy of SCR is a method of representing SCR in the

form of two transistor model. This represents SCR is the combination of
PNP and NPN transistor.
SCR or thyristor is a three terminal semiconductor device which having P-
N-P-N structure. The basic operating principle of SCR can understand by
two transistor method of SCR.

As per figure you can see two transistors equivalent circuit of SCR.
From the figure, you can see the base of the transistor T1 is work as the
collector of the transistor T2 and collector of the transistor T1 work as the
base of the transistor T2.
2. Answer

This commutating circuit consist of components like inductors and capacitors

and they are called Commutating Components. These commutating
components cause to apply a reverse voltage across the SCR that
immediately bring the current in the SCR to zero.
3. NO

The input power factor of the converter circuit is defined as the ratio of total mean input
power to the total rms volt amperes

The power factor is due to the angular relationship of current and voltage vectors. A
rectifiers input is a.c and output is d.c is a scalar quantity where current and voltage are
in phase.therefore no power factor in the output.

4.

The effect of source inductance is

a. To lower the mean output voltage

b.To distort the output voltage and current waveforms

c.To modify the performance parameters of the converter

5. a.The circuit of a three-phase, three-wire ac regulator (termed as ac to ac voltage converter)

b. It may be noted that the resistance connected in all three phases are equal. Two thyristors
connected back to back are used per phase, thus needing a total of six thyristors. Please note the
numbering scheme, which is same as that used in a three-phase full-wave bridge converter or
inverter

c. The thyristors are fired in sequence. The line frequency is 50 Hz, with = /1 fT =20 ms. The
thyristors are fired or triggered after a delay of α from the natural commutation point

d. The current flow is bidirectional, with the current in one direction in the positive half, and then, in
other (opposite) direction in the negative half. So, two thyristors connected back to back are
needed in each phase. The turning off of a thyristor occurs, if its current falls to zero. To turn the
thyristor on, the anode voltage must be higher that the cathode voltage, and also, a triggering signal
must be applied at its gate

6.

Advantages of cycloconverters

• efficiency is very high compared to other converters

• Four quadrant operation is possible because cyclo-converter is capable of power transfer in
both the directions
• AC power at one frequency is directly converted to a lower frequency in a single conversion
• If one of the SCR fails, the cyclo-converter operates with a distorted output
• In this converter, power transfer is possible from supply load and vice versa at any power
factor
• Dynamic response is good
• Smooth low-speed operation
Disadvantages of cyclo-converter :
• Control circuit become complex so difficult to design
• The output frequency of the cyclo-converter is 1/3th or 1/2th for responsible power output
and efficiency
• Power factor is too much poor at large values of α
• More distortion at low frequencie
7.duty cycle is defined as the ratio of on time to the total time period
δ=Ton/T
8.

9. Reference waves are sinusoidal ,square wave ,trapezoidal etc

10.

In voltage source inverter (VSI) input voltage is kept constant. VSI is fed from
a DC voltage source having negligible or zero impedance. In current source
inverter (CSI) input current is kept constant. CSI is fed with adjustable current
source from a DC voltage source of high impedance.
A VSI can also be operated in current-controlled mode, and similarly a CSI
can also be operated in the voltage control mode.