MCKV INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERINGG

(NAAC A' Grade Institute)

DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

(NBA ACCREDITED)

ASSIGNMENT 1
Computer Networks
PC-CS 603
2022-23

| Name of student ANINDITA KUNDU

(in full)
Full Signature Anindita Kundu

College Roll No. cSE/2020/017

 in
. Combooe bétween ditfeoent typeo of metwomk topalogien a

tabulj fommat an mentioned heloto :

Mesh Sln Tree Pin Bu
Kequined Maximum Only one ink EuchadevieeLess coubling
wed than
is neqiped Led repea-|
is
hondwane handwane and
Qnd cost cabliny is |Mesh o s tan
Ton 2ach deviee.|tin.s0, mone
cablingndouetopology. 0
eouired. So, So lecs bequiped & costis
c0stis mauim7edlts
C05tis mauimized
us ed, Ihus it tymone
t6 less exbensive tho meduced.
mone
thaun
A Hub icvequiredStly
a handuane)|S1ah tobology
a
Eoneo Inotollohon is Aning tobology| A bus topology
Itisany to
ntauoiom |ezbremely ditheul+ t a l nd 6rlatively |in clude eAse
&Recom in the mèsh. econtiguwne. eay toinst!" ofinstallaHon
ration ne combigune
fault Tdent-|Fautt Jdenti beaton Easy faut idan-Faultisolation Faultiden ti-
cati on Cundis stcaight-torward sicaion because is simputied tica tion becomes
tsolatiom dificult itthe
the ihk ame offen|in pingtopology whole netwonk
asily identified.|
a0es down,

Robustness Amesh toþologystai topolog Ring topoloqy with a single

and Pault i6robust. qf |include robustis PobustintpointP
to
lenanee one uink becomes e s . one linnatwre
thiwre, ths
| Level Unusabll, it |toils, only that topology n+
does nat incapa- ink is affected Ven robust.
ci tate Hhe entire Ifh Common
cable fai Ls, then||
4stom
Rntire network
will cOvnh.
Sacuwnity &|Ttprovides high The eenndl ttub |Ring tobol ogy Secwnity op thions|
Com identia-privaey andiuritNTCaTe is ttremaly ae imikd
Conha secuwu'ty
uy/privaty a eveny onga-|wi th bus
toavelsalomg aalthe
mess
a aut the vestoFtheized
rest
deviees aneoPtheized& highly|
highly toboleg
topol
dedicnted unë,ony withit,ewe,
reejcomnected
the nten ded
pieht seLs it.
THbe of Dedicated point-to| Dedicote point-to|In pingtopology Multiþointom
point uink is used-poin lihk is 2aeh devicebas muuut drop
unk us0d
i'nk is used n
in Msh tobology.| used in sta adedicafed point
to point onnechon| Bus topo l0gy.
| topol8. with only the kuo
devices on eithen
side of it.
 Hub

TT
Stu tion Sta tion LDA

Station sta tim statiOstatiomstationSto tion

Sstation

Meah Topolog Stan Topolog

Staion
Repeaterw

Stothiom Stution

Stahian

Ring Tobo loa

Sta ion Stohen Sta tion

A --
cable F cable
end
Tap
ns
B un Topoloa
 and futl- duplex modes of
2 Eapleui'n simplex, half,duplen
Com muniCati om with sutable Rzamb le
Hom between tuwo devicLs canbe simpler,
Communiea
half-dub le, om full- duplex
Simblex; Tn simblea Mode, the commuru enhom S
m e ot t h e
Uni die chomal a om a me-wy stneet.0nuy
othwi COn
unk can tnannmit; t
two deUices om n
Ouy sueeive.

tnadihional monitoms
aw Ryomples
ohd
Keyboo1 di mmodu c e
deuites. The keyboond can ony
of simblun
the momntem cam onu nceet outpuat
inut

Dinechion of Dota
Mannton

Moin tm om
Simble

In half-dublez mo de, each station can both

Hal-dupleri
but n o t a t t h e sanme time, when
and meeei Loe,
tnanammut
cnd
o n deiLe i6 sending
the o t h r c o n onymeeive,
mode is Like a one -Loune road
. Thhe halt-duplex
i c l VLNs a
dirp chiom.
with tna fic ulowed in both
madios cre bot
woulkie- tal kies ond eG (eitizens Band)
halt-dupler systemo The half-duplen me de
is unedin
canes whre h e r l is n o neLd tom Commmcahom in
t m e s the nhre cabaeity
hoth direciomo ct t h Same
dire chiom
of the channel can be utiuzed fem 2ach
 Senden
A is sending, B is e ceiving
Sto Hnm SFohn
A

Recive nde2
Bis sending, A is ueervng
9tahom 9tahiom
A

Hatf- Ouplex
both
Full-Dublex In Aall-dubex mode (alco called dupler)
reclive S i m u l t a n e D u s y .
be tnanomit and
Stukionn can
eet with
Mode is uke o two -wcu stp
The fulL-dublen h'me.
direehions at the s a m e
tvo a i e Howing tn both
communicatiom
One cmmm ezamble of full-duplex
m e t w m k . when
two pLe þeoble ane
is the telephone both cas talk and
telephone ine,
unu coting by
a
comm
time,
usten ntthe same

Both dire chions

Stahon Station
A B

Full-Dublea
3 Ezblain the issues point by pint fom netuwok
and SPeuniy
pRntor manee, meliabiluty
to meet a certteun no, oF
A netwomk mupt be able
of therL CULe ptormance,
e i t u a . he most imbomtant
meltability and seeuwuty.
Netwomk Pentormanel
meonuLd in many woys, incuding
PRntomman ce can be
time, Twannit ime
is the
tnonnit i m e n d nesbonie
amount o tinme negured
tom a megs ae to tnavelfrom

one device to anothen. Responne

time is the lapsLd
inquiry ond a etponoe
time bltw een eun

7he bertormante ata metwork debendt on

no. ot usRI

mLdium
t h e tybe uf trammi'ssiom
cababiluies of the cmnecfed hardwane
the
t h e efficieny t h e softwane

Reliabily
N e t w ok einbiutu
is meaMwred lby the treq u e n ey
it takes aunk fo mecoveN trom a
by fei e , the time catastoo phe.
mobustness in a
ound t e networks
f s we ,

Secwuut

iss ues include poo0tec ting data t om

Netwmk Seewu ty
wnouthomíz2d acees &, protectine d ata trom damage
end
po licr'es und
and iímplemen tina
ond dev elo pment,
breae h s and
t r nReovery trom
procedsies
onta Logses.
4> Erblain brrety vauOU t o r m ot data mepreson ta tion
in inteNet communicattom.

m dHerent torms sueh

as
comes
Tntmmatiom todouy
images ,ondio and video,
tetnumbev,

Teat: data communieationo, text is mebneSln ted

In
on ls),
Diffeent sets
ot bit (0s
bit patteun, a Sequenel t text
have beRn desigmed to nepresRn
oP bit pattens cess o
sltis callLd a code, cand the pmo
Symbolt. Eaoh To douy, the
sYmbols is called coding.
eesRN ting called Unicode,
which uses
is
PPevalnE codling system
a symbol c chona cHen untd in
32 bits to represknt
uoge in the wonld.
u LUg
bit
NumbA: Numben
ove also neprecented by
aL ASPII i's n o t us ed to
Howeve,
a Code such
patteun.
thenumbevn dinLeH com verted
ts
numben;
2epmes ent mathematicoal operohons
to simp uty
to o b i n a y mumbe
0one also nebpesented by bit podferuno.
ImogeS Imges
ofa matrix
an mageis Combosed
In its 8imblest tonm, whene rach pinel is a sma
elements),
opizels (pictwe on t h e
mesolutiom. Frm
debends
dt. The sizeo the pizel inlo 1000
1000
c a n be divi ded
o n image
2aample,
sevenel
7methrds to vebresen4
cwre
pixels. h e r e whae;"RGB (Red, 9reen,
üke b&ack und
images
YCMyellow, Cyoh, Magenta)te.
lune)
Audio: Audio refeis to the recomding or broad cas hing
dilforent from
Audio is by matuww
of sound mmus te. comtinuous notF
m images. JH is
tent,mumbens miewphOmL to chonae
uNe o
disenkte. Even when we

2leetnic sig9nab we eneate a

0le C mure to aun

com tinu0 w siynal.

or brondco shng
Video Yideo meteu to the neconding
aan be eithen
be produced
o r movie. Video
6 a pictwe or it c o n
a TV camena),
C a comtinuo uS Ann /eg., by
each o discNete 2nhty,
be combinai on of-images,
h e idea of motion.
Uvanoed to conuey