ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

SMART SECURITY CAMERAS

30/12/2022

Course Title: Management Project 1

To: Prof. Dr. Sherif M. Hafez

Eng. Amira Essam

By:
Abdulrahman Hisham Sharaf
ID: 5806

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. List of figures………………………………………………..……..3

2. Introduction………………………………………………………..3

3. Types ……………………………………………………………….4

4. Application in construction ……………………………………....7

5. Case study ………………………………………………………….8

6. Conclusion…………………………………………………………11

7. References……………………………………………………….....11

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List of figures
Figure 1: Smart Camera…………………………………………………………………………...3

Figure 2: Smart camera options…………………………………………………………………...3

Figure 3: live monitoring through smart phones…………………………………………………..3

Figure 4: dome camera…………………………………………………………………………….4

Figure 5: Bullet camera……………………………………………………………………………4

Figure 6: C-mount camera………………………………………………………………………...4

Figure 7: day/night camera………………………………………………………………………..5

Figure 8: PTZ camera……………………………………………………………………………..5

Figure 9: thermal imaging and infrared camera…………………………………………………..5

Figure 10: varifocal camera………………………………………………………………………6

Figure 11: shared network cameras………………………………………………………………6

Figure 12: Pole cameras………………………………………………………………………….7

Figure 13: Cameras on fences……………………………………………………………………7

Figure 14: PIR interface………………………………………………………………………….8

Figure 15: Nodes response chart…………………………………………………………………8

Figure 16: PIR interface………………………………………………………………………….9

Figure 17: Nodes response chart………………………………………………………………....9

Figure 18: Snapshot by the camera………………………………………………………………9

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 1. Introduction
Security cameras, either wired or wireless, such as smart cameras, transmit video over the
internet. They are similar to webcams in that they display real-time imagery of whatever the
camera sees, but they are also similar to digital cameras in that they store the information for
later viewing.

A smart security camera is kind of like a webcam, except smarter. The devices are connected to a
smart ecosystem and have a Wi-Fi connection, allowing you to control them remotely like a
smart light bulb. Wi-Fi security cameras typically connect to your tablet or smartphone, allowing
you to receive updates, view the camera in real time, and control it remotely. Smart home
devices communicate with each other via your home's shared Wi-Fi network. You can usually
access controls and monitor your live stream directly from your device by using an app.

Smart security cameras are the new generation of site security. Rather than having footage sent
back and monitored by people doing the same for hundreds of other property owners, you now
can remotely monitor and protect your site, as well as store the footage in the cloud for retrieval
whenever you need it.

Most smart security cameras, also provide you with alerts if a potential security issue has taken
place, such as motion detection.

Figure 1: Smart Camera Figure 2: Smart camera options

Figure 3: live monitoring through smart phones

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2. Types of Outdoor Security Cameras
1. Dome Camera

The dome camera is one of the most popular security and surveillance
cameras for both indoor and outdoor use. The camera's shape makes
it impossible for bystanders to discern which way it is facing, which
is a clever design feature that deters thieves by generating a sense of
ambiguity.

Advantages of dome cameras include ease of installation, vandal-

resistant features, IR night vision

Figure 4: dome camera

2. Bullet Camera

The long, cylindrical shape of bullet cameras makes them

excellent for outdoor use. Their benefits are especially
noticeable in applications that require long-range sight. The
cameras are encased in protective cases to keep them safe
from dust, grime, and other natural factors. The cameras
may be readily placed with the help of a mounting bracket
and come with fixed or varifocal lenses, depending on the
application's requirements.

Advantages of bullet cameras include IR night vision,

Figure 5: Bullet camera
compact size aids installation, high-quality image resolution

3. C-mount Camera

C-mount cameras have detachable lenses, allowing for quick

lens changes to suit varied purposes. C-mount cameras can
cover distances over 40 feet due to the ability to employ
special lenses, whereas regular CCTV lenses can only cover
distances of 35-40 feet.

Advantages of c-mount cameras include supporting changes in

technology and their bulky size makes them noticeable (which
Figure 6: C-mount camera
acts as a deterrent)

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 4. Day/Night Camera

These cameras don't need infrared illuminators since their highly sensitive
imaging chips allow them to capture clear video images in the dark. They can
work in both bright and poorly lit conditions. As a result, these cameras are
suited for outdoor monitoring applications where infrared cameras struggle.

Advantages of day/night cameras include record in both color and black &
white, wide variety of sizes available, infrared capability

Figure 7: day/night camera

5. PTZ (Pan Tilt & Zoom) Camera

PTZ (pan/tilt/zoom) cameras allow the camera to be moved left and right
(panning), up and down (tilting), and even zoomed in and out (zooming).
These cameras are employed when a live guard or surveillance specialist is
present to operate the security equipment.

Advantages of PTZ cameras include 200m IR night vision, X36 optical zoom,
high-quality image resolution.

Figure 8: PTZ camera

6. Thermal Image and Infrared Cameras

One of the best 24-hour surveillance cameras on the market,

offering great images to airports, seaports, boards, and a variety of
other vital facilities at any time of day. Small LEDs surround the
lens of infrared cameras to aid in the detection of moving figures in
complete darkness. Thermal imaging cameras have the ability to
view across large distances of up to 300 meters.

Advantages of thermal image and infrared cameras include

detecting intruders up 250-300 meters away, good in low-light, Figure 9: thermal imaging and infrared camera
thermal radiation passes through visual barriers

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 7. Varifocal Cameras

Has the ability to zoom in and out without losing its focus. Varifocal cameras
allow you to change the focal length, angle, and zoom - perfect for getting
footage in a square area where you'd normally get a 'dead zone' with a fixed
lens camera.

Advantages of varifocal cameras include capturing dead zones that other

cameras can’t, offer exceptional focus, work well up close and at long
distances
Figure 10: varifocal camera

8. Network Cameras

These cameras broadcast their images over the internet,

allowing for easy access to CCTV footage. Because you can
observe what's happening on while away from the property,
network cameras are suitable for both domestic and business
applications.

Advantages of network cameras include easily accessed

data, ideal for homes and companies, less cabling and less
maintenance

Figure 11: shared network cameras

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3. Application in Construction sites
There are cameras with a range of features that let them adapt to various construction site
environments, whether it be a site with no power or internet connection, a site that lacks
infrastructure and walls to run cabling through, or other challenges faced in construction sites.

Applications in Sites

It’s important to check out these features before applying:

• Waterproof: A building site security system needs to be rugged and waterproof to

withstand all the elements and survive on a small construction site.
• Portable: When the construction project is finished, portable security cameras for
construction sites may be quickly dismantled and relocated to the next workplace.
• HD video quality: good video quality and night vision construction site surveillance
cameras help keep an eye on the project at all hours of the day and night, especially at
night when construction theft is common.
• Minimal wires: to minimize the risk of failures and maintenance
• Easy remote access: As in smart cameras you can monitor the job process and check on
the building site anytime and anywhere from your mobile devices.

Here are some ways to fixate cameras on sites with no walls or ceilings:

Figure 12: Pole cameras Figure 13: Cameras on fences

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4. Case Study
This study will focus on the use of smart nowadays technology using PIR sensors and IP web
cameras. PIR sensors use nodes as a tracking algorithm detecting every movement through
infrared while the IP webcam tracks the whole movement by pictures and videos which can be
easily accessed through smart phones and even records everything for later surveillance.

Installing these systems on a construction site will be much more securing as the situations
below show how everything is tracked and recorded thoroughly.

Situation 1: No one in site

In figure 15, there is no notification for movement in site and the figure 16 shows the
corresponding PIR values of the 5 nodes deployed in the site at that time. PIR values of all the
motes vary between minimum values 0 – 5 during this time. As there is no event of movement
no snapshot will be taken by the camera in this scenario.

Figure 14: PIR interface Figure 15: Nodes response chart

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Situation 2: One person enters the site

Figure 17 shows the interface with a notification pop up that a movement is detected at node 1 at
time T1. The corresponding PIR value of the motes during that period is shown in figure 18. PIR
value of node 1 followed by node 2 have reached the maximum value. Whenever the person
moves in the vicinity of node 2 from the vicinity of node 1, PIR value of node 2 will change to
maximum value and the PIR value of node 1 will start dropping.

Figure 19 shows the snapshot taken for the event by the camera.

Figure 16: PIR interface Figure 17: Nodes response chart

Figure 18: Snapshot by the camera

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Situation 3: Two persons moving at the same time at different points

Figure 20 depicts two movements in the surveillance region that were observed at the same time.
One movement is detected at node 4 and another at node 5. Figure 21 shows that PIR values of
nodes 4 and 5 during this time reach to the maximum value. Figure 22 is the snapshot taken at
that time that shows the evidence of the movements that occurred.

Figure 19: PIR interface Figure 20: Nodes response chart

Figure 21: Snapshot by camera

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Conclusion
The addition of an IP web camera and PIR sensors not only improves the entire system, but it
also offers up new avenues for improvement. Unauthorized movement in the site will certainly
be aided by the track record of any movement with video evidence. Even an inaccurate shift in
location could be tracked. This case study will serve as the foundation for a safe and reliable
advanced surveillance system.

The future development of this applications aspires to be more accurate detection with detail
functionality. Estimation of the number of persons in the surveillance area, direction of
movement of the person, position of the person, movement path of the target, and other details
will be recorded.

References

https://www.technology.org/2019/07/18/how-do-smart-cameras-work/

https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/smart-security-cameras-using-them-safely-in-your-
home#:~:text=Smart%20cameras%20(the%20security%20cameras,about%2C%20and%20somet
imes%20record%20footage.

https://www.whistleout.com.au/Broadband/Guides/Smart-security-cameras-explained

https://www.tycois.com/insights-and-opinions/security-devices/types-of-security-cameras

https://getsafeandsound.com/2020/10/5-best-security-cameras-for-construction-sites/

A Case Study on smart Surveillance Application System using WSN and IP webcam by
Sayantani Saha & Sarmistha Neogy, Department of Computer Science and Engineering

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