COMPONENTS OF THE 10/01/22

COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Mrs. Buerte
Discussant

CULTURAL BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

• Culture is all socially transmitted and shared behaviors, manners, customs, rituals, beliefs, ideas, arts,
knowledge, values, morals and ideals that are learned in a group of the same nationality, religion or
ethnicity. It is handed down from generation to generation, slowly evolving, and creating many
subcultures in the process.

Five causes of cultural barriers

1. Language
Verbal communication is important in every context, but the meaning of words can literally get lost in
translation. If one person isn't aware of the exact meaning of a word, It may be misunderstood or
misinterpreted by the other person and lead to a conflict of ideas.
2. Stereotypes and Prejudices
Stereotypes are mostly negative images or preconceived notions about a specific community, group or
culture. The basis of stereotyping can be many things, though the most common are nationality, gender,
race, religion or age.
3. Signs and Symbols
Non-verbal communication like signs and symbols differ from culture to culture and can therefore not
be relied upon in communication. For example, the "thumbs up", known in the Western world as a sign
of approval, is seen as an insult in Bangladesh.
4. Behaviors and Belief
Cultural differences cause behavioral and personality differences like body language, gestures, mindsets,
communication, manners, and norms, which may lead to miscommunication. Eye contact, for example,
is very Important in some cultures, but rude and disrespectful in others.
5. "Us" versus "Them" (Ethnocentrism)
This us-versus them-thinking is ingrained in our subconscious and can lead to a sense of alienation If
someone behaves in a way we don't understand or aren't expecting-if they don't fit in.

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How to overcome cross-cultural barriers?
Embrace diversity and accommodate cultural differences.

Strategies to Become an Effective Global Communicator

• Communication is not just a tool for interaction among people, it is a means to survive.

How to become an effective global communicator?

1. Review communication principles
2. Analyze the messafe reciever
3. Be open to an accepting of other cultures
4. Learn about cultures and apply what is learned
5. Consider language needs

What is intercultural communication?

• essentially means communication across different cultural boundaries. When two or more people with
different cultural backgrounds interact and communicate with each other or one another, we can say that
intercultural communication is taking place.

Improving intercultural Communication Competence

Tips for Achieving Successful Intercultural Communications
1. Do your homework.
- If you know ahead of time who you will be speaking with or what country you will be visiting, it
makes sense to research cultural norms and standards, and communication methods for that particular
place. Do not walk into the situation unprepared if you can avoid it.
2. Ask.
ttmt be unconfortable for you and the person you are asking but by showing your willingness to ask
when you dont understand and when you lack the cultural knowledge necesary to avoid cultural faux
paux you are demonstrating your willingness to leaen more about a new culture and the prevailing
communixation norms instead of rushing through unaware.
3. Accept that you'll commit errors.
Even with all the research you're going to do and the questions you're going to ask, you will still make
mistakes. Don't take it personally, rather do your best to be self-aware, actively learn from your mistake

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and apologize if you offend anyone or cross boundaries, Mistakes will always happen, the problem
begins when you don't use a mistake as an opportunity to learn to avoid the same issues in the future.
5. Practice actively listening and observing.
Listening is a highly regarded skill. When communicating with others from another culture, it is
incredibly important to actively pay attention and listen to what people are telling you. Listening can
help you understand that there isn't one right way to conduct interactions. Additionally, varying
viewpoints or ideas might contradict your own, but you'll still need to listen respectfully.
6. Repeat or confirm what you think was being sold.
It can be helpful to repeat or confirm what you believe to have been the objective of the conversation.
This process will help you avoid misunderstandings, especially when speaking different languages.
Write it out if you have to, but make sure you align everyone's understanding before moving forward.
7. Don't ask yes or no questions.
Instead, use open-ended questions to avoid confusion. With open-ended questions, the person with
whom you are interacting must explain or clearly outline their point, making it easier to understand their
response and the context surrounding it.
8. Pay attention to nonverbal communication.
Communication is also extremely nonverbal. Pay attention to nonverbal cues such as intonation, eye
contact, and posture. Observe how people conduct interactions with others from their same culture and
follow their lead. Certain cultures avoid strong eye contact when speaking, so you'll make someone
highly uncomfortable if you are trying to force strong eye contact they are not used to doing the same.

VARIETIES OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE

- Register is defined as the way a speaker uses a language differently in different circumstances. His
words, tone and body language vary accordingly. While chatting with friends he behaves differently
than while attending a formal dinner party or while facing an interview board. These varieties in
formality are called artistic variations.

Linguistics marks five different Registers:

1.Frozen
- used in ritualistic, traditional, religious ceremonies and prayers etc,
- At this level, language is literally "frozen" in time and form. It does not change. This type of language
is often learned and repeated by rote. Examples include biblical verse, prayers, the Pledge of Alliance
and so forth.

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2 Formal
- A language spoken between strangers or in formal Occasions such as a business presentation, during
an interview or while talking with your seniors. For example-"whould you mind passing me that book?"
3 Consultative
- Moderately formal language between expert-client, teacher-student etc. Example-specialized
knowledge, offering advice.
4 Casual
- Casual or informal register consists of slangs and commonly used or everyday words as in a birthday
party, family dinner or with friends. Example -"pass me that book."
5 Intimate
- Highly informal language; Often in private.

Variety of Language: Style

• Style can be defined as the way an author uses ne words, sentence fluency, phrases and the sentences.
It can also be referred to as the way of writing or doing a work to make it fit for the specific context.
audience or purpose.
• The main purpose of style is to present the information in an appropriate manner for the audience and
to fulfil the purpose of the writing. So the writer choses the words as per the audiences' demands and
their style.

Variety of Language: Dialect

• A dialect is a regional or social variatiation of a language that differs from the standard form of that
language. It can be defined as a regional or social variety of a language arising out of geographical or
social differences. A dialect is marked by distinguished vocabulary, pronunciation and/or grammar of a
regional variety of a language.
• Example of dialects in English: British English, American English, Indian English etc.
Dialect should not be confused with accents. Accent depends upon an individual's distinctive
pronunciation but the dialect is a more broader term it includes distinct vocabulary, grammar and the
pattern of sentence structure.

Key concepts of media Literacy:

Five core concepts

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1. All media messages are constructed.
- Media texts are built just as surely as buildings and highways are built. The key behind this concept is
figuring out who constructed the message, out of what materials and to what effect.
2. Media messages are constructed using a creative language with its own rules.
- Each form of communication has its own creative language: scary music heightens fear, camera close-
ups convey intimacy, big headlines signal significance.
3. Different people experience the same media message differently.
- Audiences play a role in interpreting media messages because each audience member brings to the
message a unique set of life experiences. Differences in age, gender, education and cultural upbringing
will generate unique interpretations.
4.Media have embedded values and points of view.
- Because they are constructed, media messages carry a subtext of who and what is important-at least to
the person or people creating the message. The choice of a character's age, gender or race, the selection
of a setting, and the actions within the plot are just some of the ways that values become "embedded" in
a television show, a movie or an advertisement.
5. Most media messages are organized to gain profit and/or power.
- Much of the world's media were developed as money-making enterprises. Newspapers and magazines
lay out their pages with ads first; the space remaining is devoted to news. Likewise, commercials are
part and parcel of most television watching. Now, the Internet has become an international platform
through which groups or individuals can attempt to persuade.

Characteristics of Multimedia presentation:

• A multimedia presentation is a type of presentation that uses several different forms of digital
communication, such as video, interactive slides, audio clips, music and more, to get the message across.
In short, multimedia presentations go beyond the use of text and images.

Four Basic Characteristics:

1. Multimedia systems must be computer controlled
2. Multimedia systems are interated
3. The information they handle must be represented digitally
4. The interface to the final presentation of the media is usually interactive

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STEPS IN MAKING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION PRESENTATIONS
10 Simple Tips for a Great Presentation
1. See yoursef as others sees you.
Hear yourself as others hear you
• Is your body language positive?
• Are your presentation slides clear?
• Are you dressed appropriately for the situation?
• Do you need to speak louder because the room is large?
• Are the audience native English speakers?
• Are you talking quickly because you are
• Are you amplifying your breathing and mouth noises by being too close to the microphone?
2. Know your obectives
• Tell them what you are going to say
• Say it
• Remind them what you just said
3. Have an overall picture in mind before starting on details
• How long does the presentation need to be?
• What is the audience size and demographic?
• The audience size and demographic
• Are you part of a panel, solo or some other format?
• Is there a Question and Answer session at the end? Would it be better to have questions throughout?
• What technology will you need?
4. Work out the framework for your presentation
• What three things do you want your audience to remember?
• How can you design your presentation around these points?
• How can you explain these points in the introduction and conclusion
• Should you cover the three points together or in a logical order?
5. Lead the audience along with you
6. Rehearse aloud and get feedback
• Practice is the key to a great presentation.

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7. Win hearts then minds
• The reason that eye contact is important in presentations is that it creates a vital connection between
you and your audience. This is also reinforced by asking rhetorical questions, pausing to look around,
smiling when appropriate and adding the human touch to your content.
• Greeting your audience and introducing yourself with humility.
• Thanking them for their attention.
• Making yourself available for questions or post-presentation discussions.
• Using your hands in a controlled way for non-verbal communications.
• If you are standing, move around the stage to engage al areas of thi presentation space.
8. Keep it simple
• No matter how complex your presentation is, use words and analogies everyone in the audience will
understand.
9. Be enthusiastic
If you're not interested in your own speech, why should the audience be?
10. Be yourself

PECHA KUCHA
What is Pecha Kucha Presentation?
- PechaKucha is a presentation software format that lasts exactly six minutes and forty seconds.
- Each PechaKucha presentation has 20 slides and each slide is set with the software's timer to display
on the screen for exactly 20 seconds before the next slide advances. For this reason, PechaKucha is
sometimes referred to as 20x20 presentation.
- PechaKucha, which means "the sound of conversation" in Japanese, was first conceived by Tokyo
architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham, who were seeking a way to encourage student presenters to
use PowerPoint in a more organized and succinct manner.

Do you know what a blog is?

- In 1994, when blogs began, a blog was more of a personal diary that people shared online. In this
online journal, you could talk about your daily life or share about things that you were doing. Then,
people saw an opportunity to communicate information in a new way online. Thus began the beautiful
world of blogging.
- A blog (a shortened version of "weblog") is an online journal or informational website displaying

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information in reverse chronological order, with the latest posts appearing first, at the top. It is a
platform where a writer or a group of writers share their views on an individual subject.
- Today, there are more than 570 million blogs on the web. The number of bloggers in the USA alone is
set to reach 31.7 million users by 2020.

Top 10 Philippine Bloggers

1. Abe Olandres
2. Vince Golangco
3. Gretchen Gatan
4. Daniel Gubalane
5. Mark Macanas
6. Laureen Uy
7. Kryz Uy
8. David Guison
9. Jackie Go
10. Seph Cham

Effective Ways to Introducing a Blog

What is Informative Communication?
• Informative "These are the facts"
• You are stating the facts, often backed by scientific research or other references to opinions by
acknowledged experts. There is no attempt to sway others to your point of view, and in fact you do not
even give your own view.

Example;
Reports, lectures, training seminars, and demonstrations are all examples of informative speaking.

What is Persuasive Communication?

• Persuasive "Why l am right"
• You are doing your best to.convince other to supportyour own viewof the situation. You use logical
and emotional argument to show why what you are saying is right. If you mention the other side of the
story you are only doing so to show why your own perspective is a better choice. The focuses
on your own perspective and not on putting down the otherside.You say what you are standing 'for'

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Ethos, Pathos, Logos: The three pillars of persuasive communication

Ethos - Ethos, or the appeal to ethics, refers to the effort to convince your audience of your credibility or
character. Before you can convince an audience to accept anything you say, they have to accept you.
• Ethos can be promoted by choosing appropriate language & vocabulary (dependent on the audience
and topic), by making yourself look honest, by paying attention to your movements and the way you
dress (for your digital presence pay attention to design details, functionality, content, etc.) and by
documenting on the areas of your expertise.
• Ethos finally, may be hard to acquire and maintain, sometimes it may take years to build a strong,
credible reputation which can be lost in minutes...

Pathos - Pathos, or the appeal to emotions, refers to the effort to persuade your audience by making an
appeal to their feelings.
• Pathos can be used in a variety of ways (to promote positive and negative feelings) as it is the Greek
word for referring both to "suffering" and "experience". When you use pathos to persuade your audience,
you need to make them feel an emotion in order to act. Any emotion can cause people to act, (happiness,
compassion, nostalgia, anger etc.)

Logos - appeal to logic

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