Anxiety, trauma- and stressor-related, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Anxiety – is a negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by
apprehension about the future.
— In humans it can be a subjective sense of unease, a set of behaviors (looking worried and
anxious or fidgeting), or a physiological response originating in the brain and reflected in
elevated heart rate and muscle tension.
Anxiety: anticipation of future threat- a vague feeling bakit mo nararamdamn, future oriented
Fear- emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat. Ex: gagamba, aso sa harap mo

ANXIETY DISORDERS
- Include disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behaviors.
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER – pangmatagalan; you’re always anxious(free floating anxiety)
- Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at 6
least months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance)
 NOTE: only one item is required in children
1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up on edge
2. Being easily fatigued
3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
4. Irritability
5. Muscle tension
6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep).

Risk and Prognostic Factors

Temperamental
- Behavioral inhibition, negative affectivity (neuroticism), harm avoidance, reward dependence,
and attentional bias to threat have been associated with generalized anxiety disorder
Environmental
- Childhood advertise and parenting practices (eg. Overprotection, over control, reinforcement of
avoidance) have been associated with gad
Genetic and Psychosocial
- One third of the risk of experiencing gad is genetic, and these genetic factors overlap with the
risk of negative affectivity (neuroticism) and are shared with other anxiety and mood disorders,
particularly major depressive disorder.

Panic Attack – biglaan pero maikli; episodic

- Represents the alarm response of the real fear, but there is no actual danger.
- Are periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within 10 minutes, and
gradually pass.
Panic attack maybe:
 Unexpected (without warning)
 Situationally bound (always occurring in a specific situation)
 Situationally predisposed (likely but unpredictable in a specific situation)

The attacks feature at least 4 of the following symptoms of panic:

 Palpitations of the heart
 Tingling in the hands or feet
 Shortness of breath
  Sweating, hot and cold flashes
 Chest pains
 Choking sensations
 Faintness
 Dizziness
 Trembling
 Feeling of unreality

Panic Disorder – panic attacks that occur repeatedly and unexpectedly and without apparent reason
 Experience dysfunctional changes in their thinking or behavior as a result of the attacks
Risk and Prognostic Factors:
- Temperamental
 Negative affectivity (neuroticism) (i.e., proneness to experiencing negative emotions),
anxiety sensitivity (i.e., the disposition to believe that symptoms of anxiety are harmful),
behavioral inhibition, and harm avoidance are risk factors for the onset of panic attacks and
panic disorder.
History of “fearful spells” (i.e., limited-symptom attacks that particularly when the first panic
experience is appraised as negative.
 Although separation anxiety in childhood, especially when severe, may precede the later
development of panic disorder, it is not a consistent risk factor.

Phobia
Phobic Disorder
1. Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
 A fear of being around others, particularly in situations that call for some kind of
“performance” in front of other people in which embarrassment may occur.
 The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.
Taijin Kyofusho- a Japanesse culture-specific syndrome le characterized by an individual’s
intense fear that his or her body is embarrassing to others
2. Agoraphobia
 Fear or venturing into public places, especially when one is alone.
3. Specific Phobia
 Is a persistent fear of a specific object or situation
 When sufferers are exposed
Categories of Phobia
1. Natural environment phobias: fear of storms, water, heights or natiral phenomena
2. Blood-injection phobia
3. Situational phobias
4. Animal phobia
5. Other types of specific phobias – irrational

Trauma and Stressor- Related Disorders

 In which exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is listed explicitly as a diagnostic criterion.
 These include reactive attachment disorder