GNC 301 PRACTICE

TEST
Total points 44/100

This quiz is list of practice questions for GNC

301 
301 students. Fill in the correct details as
requested.

Email *

Vikthort8@gmail.com

0 of 0 points

Full Name *

Taiwo segun victor

Department *

Computer Science

Matric Number *

032320216

Questions (1-10) 9 of 10 points

Select the correct answers from the options given.

Correlation coefficient ranges *1/1

from  

0 to +1

-1 to 0

-1 to +1

-1 to +2

____________ questionnaire consists *1/1

of questions and different fixed
alternatives 

Structured

Unstructured

Weak

Strong

The kind of observation that *1/1

requires the use of devices is
known as 

Participant observation

Systematic observation

Mechanical observation

ArtiKcial observation

Primary data is _________ than *0/1

secondary data and secondary data
is _________ than primary data 

more reliable, more expensive

more reliable, cheaper

less reliable, more expensive

less reliable, cheaper

Correct answer

more reliable, cheaper

In drawing a standard *1/1

questionnaire, a question must
mean

confusing things to each respondent

the same thing to all the respondents

different things to all the respondents

nothing to all the respondents

______________ are data collected by *1/1

the person or people who are going
to make use of the data. 

Populated data

Policy data

Primary data

Secondary data

Which of these is not a type of *1/1

variable? 

Dependent

Independent

Extraneous

Powerful

Which of these is not a method of *1/1

collecting primary data? 

Surveys

Interviews

Observations

NCDC website

__________ is done to identify and *1/1

correct the defects of a survey 

Pilot testing

Pivot testing

Pilot trial

Pivot trial

A person, place, and thing on which *1/1

we make observations is known as 

entity

entirety

entry

entitle

Questions (11-40) 16 of 30 points

The following are characteristics of *1/1

a good questionnaire except

It must pose diUcult questions that

make respondents perplexed

It must be simple. The respondents

should be able to understand the
questions.

It must generate replies that can be

easily be recorded by the interviewer.

It should be well arranged, to facilitate

analysis and interpretation.

Which sampling technique is based *0/1

on the referrals of respondents?

Snowball

Quota

Convenience

Cluster

Correct answer

Snowball

The two types of hypotheses are  * 1/1

null and aliterate

none and alternative

none and aliterate

null and alternative

When we say that variable should *0/1

be exhaustive, we mean that it
should 

include all possible responses

be energy-draining

contain all letters of the alphabet

exhaust all fuel

Correct answer

include all possible responses

Which of these is NOT a limitation *1/1

of observation method?

Observation is required over a long

period of time and hence delay may
occur

The original data can be collected at

the time of occurrence of the event

Two observers may observe the same

event but may draw inference differently

External observation gives only surface

indications, so only overt behaviour can
be observed

Upon careful use of Spearman’s *1/1

rank correlation to determine the
relationship between the number of
flight hours and the number of
tickets sold, a researcher
concluded that there is no
correlation. Which of these values
best describes the nature of
correlation?

+1

-1

0.5

In a study, the correlation *0/1

coefficient between educational
level and poverty level is -0.37.
What is the nature of this
correlation?

weakly negative

perfectly negative

strongly negative

moderately negative

Correct answer

weakly negative

When the correlation coefficient is *1/1

+1, it is said to be a 

Perfect positive correlation

Perfect negative correlation

Imperfect positive correlation

Imperfect negative correlation

The __________ variable determines *0/1

the value of the _________ variable 

dependent, independent

independent, dependent

high, low

low, high

Correct answer

independent, dependent

Online questionnaires are very good *1/1

for the following reasons except

It is easier to reach a larger number of

respondents throughout the country

There is no need to train interviewers

It is not possible to verify if the

respondents themselves Klled the
questionnaire

It saves cost

In ___________ sampling, every unit *1/1

in the population has equal
chances for being selected as a
sample unit

random

non-random

chance

equity

Which of these is NOT an *0/1

advantage of secondary data over
primary data?

It is economical, without the need to

hire Keld staff.

It saves time. It can be tabulated in

minutes.

If the data is not recent, it may be

useless

They provide information, which

respondents may not be willing to reveal
to researcher

Correct answer

If the data is not recent, it may be useless

________ variables are those that *0/1

might affect the relationship
between the independent and
dependent variables 

Affective

Extravagant

Relational

Extraneous

Correct answer

Extraneous

Bolaji is studying for a test, and he *1/1

wonders if his friend, Banji, is also
studying for the test. He calls Banji
and asks him how long he has been
studying. Banji has been studying
for his test all week, approximately
8 hours total. Bolaji has only been
studying for her test for a couple of
hours. The next week, Bolaji and
Banji get their test scores back.
Banji got an A in his test, and Bolaji
got a C. Bolaji wonders if there is a
correlation between the number of
hours spent studying and the grade
a student earns. He collects data
from her classmates and arrived at
a correlation coefficient of +1. How
would you describe this
correlation? 

Perfectly positive

Powerfully positive

Preeminently positive

Pearson positive

A hypothesis is a/an __________ *1/1

which a business researcher wants
to test for its logical consequences.

tentative assumption

assured inference

attitudinal reZection

great problem

The following are non-probability *1/1

sampling techniques except

Purposive sampling

Snowball sampling

Systematic sampling

Quota sampling

When the correlation coefficient is *1/1

0, it is said to be  

low correlation

no correlation

unknown correlation

forgotten correlation

A variable is any entity that can *1/1

take on 

similar values

unknown values

simple values

different values

An attribute is a specific value on a  * 1/1

data

variable

chi-square

research

In chi-square test, a null hypothesis *0/1

is rejected when

the table value is less than the calculated

value

the calculated value is less than the table

value

the table value is twice the calculated

value

the calculated value is twice the table

value

Correct answer

the table value is less than the calculated

value

The ranking of scores in *0/1

Spearman’s correlation is done in
the __________ order

ascending

descending

ascending or descending

unorganized

Correct answer

ascending or descending

A researcher took a sample of 25 *0/1

electronics companies and found
the following relationship between
x and y where x is the amount of
money (in millions of dollars) spent
on advertising by a company and y
represents the total gross sales (in
millions of dollars) of that
company. The regression model is
defined as Y = 3.4 + 11.55X. What
is the expected gross sales for a
company that spent $2 million on
advertising?

$26.5 million

$26.6 million

$26.7 million

$26.8 million

Correct answer

$26.5 million

Primary data is better than *0/1

secondary data for these reasons
except

Validity

Authenticity

Reliability

Low cost

Correct answer

Low cost

Type I error is committed by  * 1/1

accepting the null hypothesis, when in

fact it is untrue

rejecting the null hypothesis, when in

fact it is true

forgetting to formulate the hypothesis

refusing to choose a test criterion

Which of these is not a type of *1/1

correlation? 

Positive correlation

Negative correlation

No correlation

Impossible correlation
 Regression is used for   * ···/1

prediction

rejection

withdrawal

demotion

No correct answers

Which of the following values is *0/1

ineligible as a correlation
coefficient?

-0.35

2.56

0.93

Correct answer

2.56

The two major types of survey are * 1/1

questionnaires and interviews

interviews and achievement tests

achievement tests and questionnaires

questionnaires and case studies

The attributes of a variable should *0/1

be mutually exclusive. This means
that

no respondent should be able to have

two attributes simultaneously

all respondents must have at least one

attribute

no respondent can have only one

attribute

no two respondents should have the

same attribute

Correct answer

no respondent should be able to have two

attributes simultaneously

____________ questions are *···/1

questions where respondents are
free to answer in their own words

Close-ended

Dichotomous

Multiple choice

Open-ended

No correct answers

Questions (41-70) 12 of 30 points

A bag contains 80 chocolates. This *0/1

bag has 4 different colors of
chocolates in it. If all four colors of
chocolates were equally likely to be
put in the bag, what would be the
expected number of chocolates of
each color?

12

11

20

Correct answer

20

A ___________ exists between two *0/1

variables when the values of one
variable are somehow associated
with the values of the other
variable  

friendship

correlation

standard deviation

range

Correct answer

correlation

_________ observation requires the *1/1

researcher to participate in the
event being observed

Activate

Participant

Player

Systematic

Purposive sampling is also known *1/1

as

quota sampling

judgmental sampling

snowball sampling

stratiKed sampling

If the values of two variables move *0/1

in the opposite direction...

The correlation is said to be linear

The correlation is said to be non-linear

The correlation is said to be positive

The correlation is said to be negative

Correct answer

The correlation is said to be negative

When correlation coefficient is zero, *0/1

we say there is 

low correlation

no correlation

empty correlation

void correlation

Correct answer

no correlation

If the values of two variables move *0/1

in the same direction...

The correlation is said to be non-

linear

The correlation is said to be linear

The correlation is said to be negative

The correlation is said to be positive

Correct answer

The correlation is said to be positive

For a 4 × 5 contingency table, there *1/1

are _______ cells and the degree of
freedom is _______

15, 20

20, 20

12, 20

20, 12

Gender, ethnicity, eye colour, blood *0/1

type belong to the _________ scale

ordinal

nominal

interval

ratio

Correct answer

nominal

_________ sampling is where *0/1

research participants
recommend/recruit other
participants for a test or study  

Snowball

Purposive

AUliate

Multi-level

Correct answer

Snowball

Which of these is not a reason for *1/1

sampling?

The sample can save money

The sample can save time

The sample can stretch the wait for

responses

Because the research process is

sometimes destructive, the sample can
save product.

The following are advantages of *0/1

face-to-face interviews except

Enables the researcher to establish

rapport with potential participants
and therefore gain their cooperation

Yields the highest response rates in

survey research

Allows the researcher to clarify

ambiguous answers and when
appropriate, seek follow-up information

Impractical when large samples are

involved

Correct answer

Impractical when large samples are

involved

Which of these is not an advantage *1/1

of online questionnaires?

Can be sent to a large number of people

Saves the researcher time and money

compared to interviewing

Anonymity does not help to verify if

the intended respondents were the
ones that Klled it

Allows the respondents to answer at

their leisure

Which of these words is not used to *1/1

describe the strength of the
correlation between two variables?

weak

strong

moderate

wrong

The two types of sampling are * 1/1

probability and random

non-probability and non-random

random and non-random

probability and realistic

The following are advantages of *0/1

telephone interviews except

Less time consuming

Less expensive

The response rate is not as high as the

face-to-face interview

Researcher has ready access to

anyone who has a telephone

Correct answer

The response rate is not as high as the

face-to-face interview

Which of these is not a property of *1/1

data?

Amenability of use

Accuracy

Aggregation

Anthropology

________ is a probability sampling *0/1

technique where researchers divide
the population into multiple groups
for research  

Systematic sampling

Cluster sampling

Simple random sampling

Judgmental sampling

Correct answer

Cluster sampling

If  𝜒² = 5.8 and d.f. = 1, we make the *0/1

following decision

We reject H0 at α = 0.05

We accept H0 at α = 0.05

We reject H0 at α = 0.01

We accept H1 at α = 0.01

Correct answer

We reject H0 at α = 0.05

The two requirements for finding *0/1

the table value of chi-square are

level of signiKcance and degree of

freedom

level of signiKcance and correlation

coeUcient

correlation coeUcient and degree of

freedom

degree of freedom and regression model

Correct answer

level of signiKcance and degree of

freedom

Which of the following is not an *0/1

example of quantitative data?

gender of a person

age of a person

price of a commodity

income of a family

Correct answer

gender of a person

Probability sampling uses  * 1/1

biased selection

random selection

non-random selection

prejudiced selection

The following are the *1/1

characteristics of a good
questionnaire except  

Short in terms of the number and length

of questions

Tasking and exhausting

Simple and easily understood

Questions must be orderly and

systematically laid out

The type of probability sampling *1/1

method in which sample members
from a larger population are
selected according to a random
starting point but with a fixed,
periodic interval  is known as

Simple

Systematic

Cluster

StratiKed

Choose the correct example for *0/1

positive correlation.

Weight and income

Price and demand

Speed and time

Income and expenditure

Correct answer

Income and expenditure

Which of these is used to find the *0/1

degree of freedom of a contingency
table with rows (r) and columns
(c)?

(r – 1) × (c – 2)

(r – 1) + (c – 1)

(r – 1) × (c – 1)

r×c

Correct answer

(r – 1) × (c – 1)

Harvarde’s admission officer sets *0/1

out to find whether or not gender
and education level are
independent. She uses chi-square
test. Her calculated value is 8.01.
What will be her conclusion if the
degree of freedom is 3 and level of
significance is 5%?

It is impossible to determine

Gender and education level are

independent

Gender and education level are

dependent

Gender and education level have no

correlation

Correct answer

Gender and education level are

dependent

Which of the given statements *0/1

concerning the two types of
hypothesis errors is correct?

Accepting a correct hypothesis is a type

one error

Accepting an incorrect hypothesis is

referred to as a type two error

Rejecting a correct hypothesis is a

type two error

Rejecting an incorrect hypothesis is

referred to as a type one error

Correct answer

Accepting an incorrect hypothesis is

referred to as a type two error

________ is a  type of non-probability *1/1

sampling in which people are
sampled simply because they are
convenient sources of data for
researchers.  

Close

Cluster

ClassiKed

Convenience

Income level, strongly disagree, *0/1

disagree, neutral, agree, strongly
agree belong to the _________ scale

ordinal

nominal

interval

ratio

Correct answer

ordinal

Questions (71-100) 7 of 30 points

A fair die with 6 faces is  tossed *1/1

of  𝜒² = 11.7. Taking  𝛼 = 0.05, and

120 times. If the calculated value

degree of freedom to be 5, make a

conclusion.

Accept H₀

Reject H₀

Accept H₁

Reject H₁

Which of the following techniques *0/1

is an analysis of the relationship
 between two variables to help
provide the prediction model?

Standard error

Correlation

Regression

Chi-square

Correct answer

Regression

A longitudinal study is one that *1/1

takes place

over time

at a single point in time

along racial boundaries

along political sections

What is the basic purpose of a chi- *0/1

square test of independence?

To analyze multivariate statistics

To determine if two variables are related

or are independent

To determine the probability of statistical

error in measurements

To determine cause and effect in

dependent variables

Correct answer

To determine if two variables are related

or are independent

What is the meaning of the testing *0/1

of the hypothesis?

It is a signiKcant estimation of the

problem

It is a rule for acceptance or rejection of

the hypothesis of the research problem

It is a method of making a signiKcant

statement

None of the above

Correct answer

It is a rule for acceptance or rejection of

the hypothesis of the research problem

Research is the systematic *0/1

approach towards 

purposeful investigation

passive invitation

prioritized interrogation

processed invigoration

Correct answer

purposeful investigation

Quantitative approach helps to *1/1

condense data. This means that

It presents general statements in a

precise and a deKnite form

It simpliKes large mass of data and

presents meaningful information
from them

It enables comparisons between past

and present results with a view to
ascertaining the reasons for change
which have taken place and the effect of
such changes in the future

It provides the basic material for framing

policies not only in business but in other
Kelds also

Which model is used  to predict the *0/1

status of a system in the near
future based on data?

Descriptive model

Explanatory

Predictive model

Prescriptive model

Correct answer

Predictive model

In testing a hypothesis, we take the *0/1

level of significance as _______ if it
is not mentioned earlier.

2%

1%

5%

10%

Correct answer

5%

Which model is used  to explain the *0/1

behaviour of a system by
establishing relationships between
its various components?

Descriptive model

Explanatory

Predictive model

Prescriptive model

Correct answer

Explanatory

Nomothetic research pertains to *0/1

the ________ while idiographic
relates to __________

general case, individuals

individuals, general case

organizations, businesses

businesses, organizations

Correct answer

general case, individuals

Which of these is not a feature of a *0/1

good research study?

Objectivity

Generalizability

Free from Personal Biases

Active political ambition

Correct answer

Active political ambition

As a smart student, if you consider *1/1

the shoe-size and intelligence of
students in your class, the
correlation between shoe-size and
intelligence is

Positive

Average

Zero

Negative

Which of the following is used to *0/1

determine the critical value for a
chi-square statistic?

The degrees of freedom

The sum of the frequencies

The row totals

The number of variables

Correct answer

The degrees of freedom

Chi-square is used to analyze * 0/1

Scores

Ranks

Frequencies

Any of these

Correct answer

Frequencies

The original hypothesis is known *0/1

as 

Alternate hypothesis

Null hypothesis

None hypothesis

Nun hypothesis

Correct answer

Null hypothesis

A student is interested in whether *0/1

there is a relationship between
gender and course at his college. If

and his calculated value for  𝜒² is

he uses a 3 x 4 contingency table

14.5

Accept null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.05

Accept null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.01

Reject null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.01

Accept null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.025

Correct answer

Accept null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.01

Which of these is not a criteria for *0/1

selecting a research problem?

Your genuine enthusiasm for the

problem

Ease of access to the population to be

studied and the likelihood that they will
cooperate

The degree to which research on this

problem will assist your professional
goals and career objectives

The controversy around the sensitive

matter

Correct answer

The controversy around the sensitive

matter

If for a contingency table, df = *0/1

15 and number of rows is 4 then
the number of columns will be

Correct answer

If there is a very strong correlation *1/1

between two variables then the
correlation coefficient must be  

any value larger than 1

much smaller than 0, if the correlation is

negative

much larger than 0, regardless of

whether the correlation is negative or
positive

None of the above

The correlation coefficient can *0/1

never be

less than zero

half of 1

greater than -1

greater than 1

Correct answer

greater than 1

Which of the following statements *0/1

is true about the type two error?

Type two error means to accept an

incorrect hypothesis

Type two error means to reject an

incorrect hypothesis

Type two error means to accept a correct

hypothesis

Type two error means to reject a correct

hypothesis

Correct answer

Type two error means to accept an

incorrect hypothesis

Which model provides the norms *0/1

for the comparison of alternative
solutions which result in the
selection of the best alternative?

Descriptive model

Explanatory

Predictive model

Prescriptive model

Correct answer

Prescriptive model

For a 2 x 2 contingency table, the *0/1

degrees of freedom is

Correct answer

Which of the following statements *0/1

is true about the null hypothesis?

Any wrong decision related to the null

hypothesis results in two types of errors

Any wrong decision related to the null

hypothesis results in one type of an error

Any wrong decision related to the null

hypothesis results in four types of
errors

Any wrong decision related to the null

hypothesis results in three types of
errors

Correct answer

Any wrong decision related to the null

hypothesis results in one type of an error

Which model is used  to describe *0/1

the behaviour of a system based on
certain information?

Descriptive model

Explanatory

Predictive model

Prescriptive model

Correct answer

Descriptive model

The correlation between ages of *1/1

husband and wife at the time of
marriage for a given set of 100
couples is said to be strongly
positive. Which of these is a
possible value of the coefficient of
correlation 

0.073

-0.073

0.73

-0.73

In regression, the equation that *0/1

describes how the response
variable (y) is related to the
explanatory variable (x) is:  

the correlation model

the regression model

the coeUcient model

the regretion model

Correct answer

the regression model

𝜒² value ranges from * 1/1

-∞ to 0

0 to ∞

-∞ to ∞

-1 to +1

A cross-sectional study is one that *0/1

takes place

over time

at a single point in time

across racial boundaries

across political sections

Correct answer

at a single point in time

This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google. - Terms

of Service - Privacy Policy

 Forms