‫‪ ٤-٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ) ﺑﻼﻁﺎﺕ – ﻛﻤﺮﺍﺕ – ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١-٤- ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ) ﺣﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ – ﻛﺴﻮﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢-٤- ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ) ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ – ﺇﺿﺎءﺓ – ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٣-٤- ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ ) ﺃﺳﻘﻒ – ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ – ﻛﺴﻮﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٤-٤- ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ) ﺣﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٥-٤- ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓ ﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜ ﻮﺍﺭﺙ ﻭﺍﻷﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
‫‪ "Carbon Fiber Reinforced‬ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺇﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻟﻴ ﺎﻑ ﻗﺼ ﻴﺮﺓ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻰ ﺧﻠﻄ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ )ﺃﺳﻤﻨﺖ – ﺭﻣﻞ – ﺯﻟﻂ – ﻣﺎء( ﺗﺆﺩﻯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟ ﻰ‬ ‫"‪Concrete‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺸ ﺎﻑ ﺍﻹﺟﻬ ﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸ ﻮﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻭﺟ ﻮﺩ ﻋﻴ ﻮﺏ ﺇﻧﺸ ﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗ ﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ ‪.‬ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺻﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸ ﺂﺕ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻘﻴ ﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻟﻺﺟﻬ ﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸ ﻮﻩ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺼ ﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺇﺟﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﺤ ﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﻨﺸ ﺄ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻟﺰﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺮﻭﺭ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﺉ ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺑ ﺮﺟﻴﻦ ﺟﺪﻳ ﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺑ ﺎﻥ ﺑﻬ ﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ‪١٠٠‬ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ )‪. (١‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﻮﺱ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺱ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ " The Royal College of Art" Chronos Chromos Concrete :‬ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ "‪ "Athermo Chromic Concrete‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ ‪،Display Surface‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻁﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻁﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ ‪Thermo‬‬
‫"‪ "Chromic Inks‬ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻁﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻄﺢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻁﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻱ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻲ "‪ "Chronos Chromos‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺑﻤﻌﺮﺽ"‪ "TATE‬ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ‪. (٢) .‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ ( ٤-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪(1)Schwartz , M .(2009) ," Smart Materials", CRC Press , Taylor & Francis Group , Broken Sound‬‬
‫‪Parkway NW, Suite , p 18‬‬
‫‪(2) Ritter, A. (2007) ,"Smart Materials In Architecture, Interior Architecture And Design",‬‬
‫‪Architectural Press , Berlin , p 87 .‬‬
‫‪- ٦٠ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻮء ﻣﺰﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ـ ‪ .Fiber‬ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﻳﺴ ﻤﺢ ﺑﻤ ﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟﻠﻀ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺗﺴ ﻤﺢ‬ ‫‪Light-Transmitting Concrete :‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺼ ﺒﺢ ﺳ ﻤﻜﺔ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻗ ﺪﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜ ﻦ ﻣ ﻊ ﻭﺟ ﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻌ ﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺒ ﺎﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺴ ﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻀ ﻮء ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ ﻣ ﻊ ﻛﺜﺎﻓ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺎﺋﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ )‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (٥-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ‬

‫) ‪(٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (٦-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻔﺎﻑ ‪.‬ﺑﺄﺭﺗﻔ ﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ ١٨‬ﻣﺘ ﺮ ﻭ‪ %٤٠‬ﻣ ﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺋﻄ ﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎﺩﺓ ‪ i.light‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ﻰ‬ ‫‪Transparent Concrete :‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺮﺗﻬ ﺎ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ ‪ ، Italcementi Group‬ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻗ ﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺼ ﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺧﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﻌﺒ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻮء ﻟﻴﺼ ﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﺍﺷ ﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻓ ﺬﺓ ﻛﺒﻴ ﺮﺓ ﻓﻴﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺿ ﺎءﺓ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺃﻗ ﻞ ﻭ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴ ﺔ ﺍﺧ ﺮﻯ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺼﻨﻊ ﺛﻘﻮﺏ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ‪.(٣) %٢٠‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (٧-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﺑﺸﻨﺠﻬﺎﻯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪(1)Brownel,B.(2005),"Transmaterial 2: a Catalog of Materials That Redefine our Physical Environment‬‬

‫‪" , Architectural Press , NewYork , P 9.‬‬
‫‪(2) Brownel , B.(2008) , "Transmaterial 2: a Catalog of Materials That Redefine Our Physical‬‬
‫‪Environment " , Architectural Press , New York , P 23.‬‬
‫‪(3) http://egy-arch.blogspot.com/2011/04/transparent-concrete.html‬‬
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 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺸﻦ )ﺑﻪ ﺛﻘﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ" ‪:" Calme‬‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻟ ﺡ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻨﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺮﺟﺔ( ‪،‬ﻟﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻓﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ )‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (٨-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ " ‪" Calme‬‬

‫ﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪Aluminium Laminated Panels‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺃﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫)ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺎﻉ( ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪. (٣) %١٥‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (٩-٢‬ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (١٠-٢‬ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪Hamond‬‬ ‫”‪ “Crossway‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ )‪. (٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ )‪. (٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ‪ %٩٩.٨‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﻭﺟﻴﻞ " ‪:" Airogel‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺏ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺠﻢ ‪ /‬ﺳﻢ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺎﺯﻝ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻻﺗﺤﺘﺮﻕ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻤﻚ ‪ ٢٠-١٠‬ﺳﻢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻔﺔ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺪﻳﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭ)‪.(٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻂ ‪(Coagulated‬‬
‫)‪ Glass‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻼﻡ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﺠﻠﻂ ﻣﻐﻴﺮﺍً ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻣﻲ)‪ (Aerogate Window‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ ‪،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺩﻧﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ )‪.(٧‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ( ١١-٢‬ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻳﺮﻭﺟﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﺯﻝ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺮﻕ )‪. (٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺳﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﺽ ‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٩) ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺎءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ " ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫‪(2) http://www.eviee.co.uk/DuPont Energain‬‬
‫‪(3) Ritter , A. (2007) ,"Smart Materials In Architecture, Interior Architecture And Design ",‬‬
‫‪Architectural Press , Berlin .‬‬
‫‪(4) Ritter , A. (2007) ," Smart Materials In Architecture, Interior Architecture And Design ",‬‬
‫‪Architectural Press , Berlin .‬‬
‫‪(5) http://downloadbook.net/index.php?keyword=smart+material+building&filetype=ppt&page=results‬‬
‫‪(6) Addington, M & Schodeck, D. (2004), " Smart Materials and Technologies for the architecture and‬‬
‫‪design professions ", Architecture Press , an imprint of Elsevier , Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford,‬‬
‫‪UK. P 6.‬‬
‫‪(7) Deck, F. (1992)" Improving the thermal Performance of Vinyl. Framed Windows in the Proceeding‬‬
‫‪of Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings " . Florida.‬‬
‫‪- ٦٢ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻳﺮﻭﺟﻴﻞ"‪، "Airogel‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻮﻯ"‪: "Aeragel Glazing‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻠﻰء ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﺿﺎءﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻫﺞ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻋﻄﺎء ﺃﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻔﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (١٢-٢‬ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫"‪. "Coopsette Infisse‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑ ﻴﻦ ﻟ ﻮﺣﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺳ ﻘﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻂ ‪: "Coagulate‬‬
‫ﺃﺷ ﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ )ﺗ ﺘﺠﻠﻂ ‪ (Coagulated‬ﻟﺘﺘﺤ ﻮﻝ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻋﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻧﻘ ﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻀ ﻮء ﺫﺍﺗﻴ ﺎ ً ﻛﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺃﺭﺗﻔﻌ ﺖ ﺍﻷﺿ ﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﺑﺼ ﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻁﺮﺩﻳ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫ ﻲ ﺷ ﺒﻴﻪ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻀ ﻮء " ‪"Photo‬‬
‫‪ Sensitive‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼ ﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺠﻠﻄﻬ ﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤ ﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻓ ﺎﻥ ﺷ ﻔﺎﻓﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻨ ﻮﻉ ﺍﻋﺘﻤ ﺎﺩﺍً ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺷ ﺪﺓ ﻭﺯﺍﻭﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺳ ﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻮء ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳ ﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ ﻓﺘﺴ ﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﺫﺍﺗﻴ ﺎ ً ﻟ ﺘﻼﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺎ ً ﻭﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺎً‪ ،‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺰﻝ‬
‫ﺣ ﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﻴ ﺪ )‪ ،(U=1.4‬ﻓﻀ ﻼ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻋﻄ ﺎءﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻧﺼ ﻒ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻮﺩﺗ ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﻀ ﻔﻲ ﺗﻐﻴ ﺮﺍً ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼ ﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﻟ ﺪﺍً ﺍﻟﺸ ﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻬﺠ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻬ ﺬﺍ ﻳﻐﻠ ﺐ ﺍﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫ ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠ ﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﻌﻄ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻮﺏ ﺗﺼ ﻤﻴﻤﺎ ً ﺑﻘ ﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻮء ﺍﻟ ﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (١٣-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻂ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻧﻮﺕ – ﺳﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﺟﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻳﺮﻭﺟﻴﻞ "‪ "Aerogel‬ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻛﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﺟﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﻼﻣﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺸﺘﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻅﻔﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺃﻁﺎﺭﻳﺔ "‪ "Frames‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺻﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﺑﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻔﻰ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ‪ ، (Fiber glass‬ﻳﺆﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﺑﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺤﻮﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮﺟﻴﻠﺒﺴﻤﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻰ )‪٧‬ﺳﻢ( ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ ﺃﻁﺎﺭﺍ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺎ ﻭﻣﺸﺘﺘﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺘﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺘﻮﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﺄﻯ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪، ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫)‪ (U-value‬ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻋﺰﻝ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻣﺠﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ )‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ" ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪ ﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪. ١١٩‬‬
‫‪- ٦٣ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻫﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻓ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Aero Formed Aluminum :‬ﺍﻟﺴ ﻤﺎﻛﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺼ ﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﺃﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻄﺒﻘ ﺔ ﺗﻘ ﻮﻡ ﺑﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ﻄﺢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻷﺷ ﻌﺔ ﻓ ﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴ ﺠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ﻰ ﺗﻌﺘﺒ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ )‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻲ ﺑﻤ ﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻛﺴ ﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺘ ﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍﺡ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ﻣﻄﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﺎﺩﺓ ﺛ ﺎﻧﻰ ﺃﻛﺴ ﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺘ ﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘ ﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺴ ﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﺬﺍﺗﻰ ﻟﻠﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛ ﺎﺕ‬ ‫)‪: (TIO2‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (١٤-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳ ﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴ ﺔ )‪ (Infra-Structure‬ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ‪: Optical Fiber‬‬
‫ﻭﻫ ﻰ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺭﺑ ﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺨ ﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌ ﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻘﻴ ﺎﺱ )ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ – ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ( )‪. (٤‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (١٥-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ )‪. (٣‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪: Photochromic Materials‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﺓ )ﻣﻤﺘﺼﺔ( ﻷﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻼ ﻟﻮﻥ )ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ( ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ )ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺘﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (١٦-٢‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫) ‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻜﺴﻬﺎ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻑ( ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (١٦-٢‬ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫)‪ (١٧-٢‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺞ )‪. (٢‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (١٧-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ‬

‫‪. (١) Photochromic Materials‬‬

‫‪(1) Brownel , B. (2005) , " Transmaterial 2: A Catalog of Materials That Redefine Our Physical‬‬
‫‪Environment " , Architectural Press , NewYork , P 33.‬‬
‫‪(2) Ritter ,A.(2007)," Smart Materials In Architecture, Interior Architecture And Design", Architectural‬‬
‫‪Press , Berlin , P 101.‬‬
‫‪(3) Addington, M & Schodeck, D. (2004), " Smart Materials and Technologies for the architecture and‬‬
‫‪design professions ", Architecture Press , an imprint of Elsevier , Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford,‬‬
‫‪UK.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ )‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٩‬ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء " ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ " ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ " ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﺿﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ) ‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٩‬ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻰ – ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ " ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪. ٨‬‬
‫‪- ٦٤ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻴ ﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻴ ﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﺮﺑ ﻰ ﻗﻠﻴ ﻞ‬ ‫‪: Electro Chromic Materials‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌ ﻮﺩ ﺇﻟ ﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘ ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺯﻳ ﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻴ ﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﻰ ‪ .٤‬ﻫ ﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻛﺜ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺎ‪.‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻟ ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺳ ﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻋ ﺪﺓ ﻁﺒﻘ ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺪﻡ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ )ﺗﻨﻘ ﻞ ﺃﻳﻮﻧ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴ ﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺧﺰﻥ ﺍﻻﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻁﺒﻘ ﺔ ﻣﻮﺻ ﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻟ ﻰ ﻁﺒﻘ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ـ)‪ ، (Electro Chromic Layer‬ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﻳﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳ ﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟ ﻰ ﺗﻌﺘ ﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ‪.‬ﺃﻣ ﺎ ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ)‪. (٥‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (١٨ - ٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ‬
‫‪. (٣) Electro chromic Material‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Liquid Crystal Technology‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ "‪"Liquid Crystal‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫) ‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (١٩-٢‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء "‪ "Scatter‬ﻟﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻛﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺘﺔ ﺗﺤﺠﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻸﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻤﺴﺎ )‪. (١‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (٢٠ -٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﺡ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻟﻮﺡ ﻣﻌﺘﻢ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ)‪. (٧‬‬

‫‪(1)Ritter,A. (2007)," Smart Materials In Architecture, Interior Architecture And Design ", Architectural‬‬
‫‪Press , Berlin , P 75.‬‬
‫‪(2) Durr,H&Laurent.(2003), " Photochromism: Molecules and Systems " , Elsevier Press , Amsterdam,‬‬
‫‪The Netherlands , P 903.‬‬
‫‪(3) Ritter,A.(2007) ," Smart Materials In Architecture, Interior Architecture And Design", Architectural‬‬
‫‪Press , An Imprint Of Elsevier, Berlin .‬‬
‫& ‪(4) Lee, E &Carmody, J. (2004) , "Window Systems Of High – Performance Building", Norton‬‬
‫‪Company, Inc., Avenue, New York, P 93.‬‬
‫‪(5)Smith, P. (2005), "Architecture in a Climate of Change: aGuide to Sustainable Design", Architecture‬‬
‫‪Press , an imprint of Elsevier , Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford, UK , P 87.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﺿﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ) ‪ " : (٢٠٠٩‬ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻰ – ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴ ﻞ ﻛﻠﻔ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺸ ﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ " ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸ ﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼ ﻮﻝ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴ ﺘﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ ﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪. ٩‬‬
‫‪(7) http://www. Saint Gobain.com‬‬
‫‪- ٦٥ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ‪Suspended Particle‬‬ ‫‪: "Suspended‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫"‪Particle Display‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ Devices‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺑﺮﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼﺕ‪.‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺤﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺭﻳﻤﻮﺕ ﻛﻮﻧﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ )‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (٢١ - ٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻅﻼﻝ ‪.‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﻴﺤﺔ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻀﺎء ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٤) (٢٢ - ٢‬‬ ‫) ‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (٢٢-٢‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﺕ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻰ"‪:" Plastic Glass‬‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻭ ﺃﺧﻒ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻯ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ Transmission‬ﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ )‪. (٥‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (٢٣-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫‪(1)Carmody, J& et al . (2004) , "Window Systems For High Performance Buildings", Elsevier Press ,‬‬
‫‪London , p 95 .‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻣﺠﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ )‪ " : (٢٠٠٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ " ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪.١٢٠‬‬
‫‪(3)Brownel , B . (2005) , " Transmaterial 2: a Catalog of Materials That Redefine Our Physical‬‬
‫‪Environment " , Architectural Press , NewYork , p 109.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺿﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ) ‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٩‬ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻰ – ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﺍﻷﻧﺸ ﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ " ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸ ﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼ ﻮﻝ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴ ﺘﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ ﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪. ١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻣﺠﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ )‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ " ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪. ١٢٠‬‬
‫‪- ٦٦ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪: Suspended Particle Display‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﺯﺟﺎﺝ ﻣﻄﻠﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍﺹ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ ‪.‬ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻋﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ‪ %١‬ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ‪ %٢٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ ( ٢٤-٢‬ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺰﻳﺪ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻋﻦ ‪ ، %٥٧‬ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪(١).‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻳﺘﻪ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ % ١٢‬ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺘ ﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝ "‪: " HOE‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﺿﺎءﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ )‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ( ٢٥-٢‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫‪ HOE‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ‪( University's‬‬
‫) ‪ Hartley Library‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ )‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻉ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻈﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ( ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺭﻏﻮﺓ ﺳﻤﻴﻜﺔ ﻋﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﺯﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ )‪ (١٢٠ –٤٥‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ )‪ ١‬ﻣﻠﻢ( ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﺭﺑﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﻮﺏ‬ ‫)‪(Micro Sorber‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﺭﺑﺮ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺭﺩ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻁﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﻭﺳﺘﺎﺋﺮ)‪. (٦‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻧﻰ )‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٦‬ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻣ ﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺼ ﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ" ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻧﻰ )‪ " ، (٢٠٠٦‬ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺷ ﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴ ﻲ ﻣ ﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺼ ﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ" ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎﺟﺪﺓ ﺑ ﺪﺭ ﺃﺣﻤ ﺪ ) ‪ " ، ( ٢٠١٠‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴ ﺔ ﻛﻤ ﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴ ﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟ ﻮﺟﻲ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ ﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺷ ﻴﺪ ﺍﺳ ﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ " ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎﺟﺪﺓ ﺑ ﺪﺭ ﺃﺣﻤ ﺪ ) ‪ " ، ( ٢٠١٠‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴ ﺔ ﻛﻤ ﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴ ﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟ ﻮﺟﻲ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ ﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺷ ﻴﺪ ﺍﺳ ﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ" ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻣﺠﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ )‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ " ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪. ١٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻧﻰ )‪ " ، ( ٢٠٠٦‬ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺷ ﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴ ﻲ ﻣ ﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺼ ﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ " ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺻـ ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٦٧ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲء ﺃﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲء ) ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻊ ( ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ، (Luminous concrete‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻄﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻔﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﻼﻡ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﺑﻼﻁﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ ﻟﻸﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻭﻧﻴﻜﺲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺼﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻛﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﺼﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺑﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺯﺧﺮﻓﺎ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (٢٦ - ٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺿﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ )‪. (٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ )‪. (١‬‬
‫ﻫ ﻮ ﻧ ﻮﻉ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻄ ﻮﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻤ ﺪ ﻓ ﻲ ﺗﺼ ﻨﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴ ﻴﻮﻡ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴ ﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺗﻼﻧ ﺪﻯ ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﻣﺘﺼ ﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺯ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻁﻨ ﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ﺪﺍ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼ ﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﻟ ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﺼ ﺎﺹ‬
‫‪ ٠.٤‬ﻁﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻛﺴ ﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮﻥ ﺧ ﻼﻝ ﻓﺘ ﺮﺓ ﺗﺼ ﻠﺒﻪ )‪. (٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻟ ﻪ ﻧﻔ ﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝ ‪ Carbon Sinks‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺗﻘ ﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﺎء ﺍﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﺎﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ %٧‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻏ ﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻛﺴ ﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﺴ ﺒﺐ ﺑ ﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴ ﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻻﺳ ﺘﻬﻼﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ )‪. (٤‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘ ﻮﻯ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺟﻬ ﺎﺯﺍ ﻋﺼ ﺒﻴﺎ ﻳﺘ ﻴﺢ ﻟ ﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸ ﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻭﻧﻘ ﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤ ﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺨ ﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻘﻮﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺴﻮﺭ ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺰﻭﻳ ﺪ ﻫ ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﺠﻬ ﺎﺯ ﻋﺼ ﺒﻲ ﻣﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﻟﻴ ﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﻫ ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻁﻮﻟﻬ ﺎ ﺑﻀ ﻊ ﺳ ﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺧﻠﻄﻬ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ )‪(Conductibility‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪. (٥) %١٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﺻ ﻼﺡ ﺍﻻﺿ ﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻻﺳ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜ ﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺻ ﻞ ﺑﻤ ﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﺎءﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻜ ﺮﺓ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫‪: Self-Healing Material‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ ﺔ )ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳ ﺔ ( ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻟﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﺃﺻ ﻼﺡ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴ ﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺣ ﺪﻭﺙ ﺷ ﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻱ ﻧ ﻮﻉ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻻﺿ ﺮﺍﺭﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬ ﺮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻳ ﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺍﻟ ﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ ﺮ ﺍﻟﺨ ﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳ ﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻳ ﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻨ ﺎء ﻭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﺎ ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﺮﻣﻢ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻘﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻳ ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺸ ﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﺼ ﻌﺐ ﺍﺻ ﻼﺣﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻟﺼ ﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺘﺒ ﻊ ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺳﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﺽ )‪ " ، (٢٠٠٩‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺎءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ " ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺳﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﺽ )‪ " ، (٢٠٠٩‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺎءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ " ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫‪(3) http://www.architects-sy.com/portal/modules/artical/item.php?itemid=51‬‬
‫‪(4) Brownell, B.(2004), "Transmaterial", Princeton Architectural Press, , New York , P 99 .‬‬
‫‪(5) Addington, M & Schodeck, D. (2004), "Smart Materials and Technologies For The Architecture and‬‬
‫‪Design Professions ", Architecture Press , an Imprint of Elsevier - Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford,‬‬
‫‪UK , p 188.‬‬
‫‪- ٦٨ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺿ ﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻟ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻓ ﺎﻥ ﺍﺳ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣ ﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺒ ﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ﻴﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺴ ﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﺻ ﻼﺡ ﺟ ﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻀ ﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺎﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﻠ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺗﻜ ﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﺘ ﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣ ﺪﺓ ﺣﻴ ﺎﺓ ﺍﻁ ﻮﻝ ﻟﺘﻠ ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣ ﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺰﻣﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ)‪. (١‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺸ ﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﺣﻴ ﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻰ "‪: " Smart Bricks‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻓ ﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺧ ﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ‪ .‬ﻳﺸ ﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻄ ﻮﺏ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴ ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺜ ﻞ " ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻣﺴ ﺘﻮﺭ "‪ a thermistor‬ﻫ ﻮﺍﺋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻫﺘ ﺰﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻻﺯﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻻﻉ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻠ ﻚ ﺍﻻﺟﻬ ﺰﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﻳ ﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟ ﻪ ﺗﺴ ﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺍﺗﻬ ﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺷﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬
‫"‪ ، "Inductive coil‬ﺗﺠﻤﻴ ﻊ ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎﺕ ﺃﺟﻬ ﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺸ ﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ Radiant Color And Mirror‬ﻗﺎﻣ ﺖ ﺷ ﺮﻛﺔ "‪ "3MTM‬ﺑﺄﻧﺘ ﺎﺝ ﺃﻧ ﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﺪﻳ ﺪﺓ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺮﺍﺋﺢ‬
‫‪ Film:‬ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘ ﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻔ ﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﺷ ﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺷ ﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻳ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸ ﻌﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻻﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﻋﻜ ﺲ‬
‫‪ % ٩٨‬ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻮء ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋ ﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬ ﺎ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺷ ﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻳ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻁﺒﻘ ﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌ ﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﻳﺔ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﻊ ﺍﺧ ﺘﻼﻑ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼ ﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳ ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﻄﺤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺘﻬ ﺎ ﻟﺘﺼ ﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ )‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (٢٧-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬

‫‪( ٣).‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﻤﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴ ﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼ ﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻟﺘﻘﻴ ﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼ ﺪﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬
‫‪(Sharp‬‬ ‫)‪ (Breaks‬ﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﻨ ﺎءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺪﻳﺪﺓ )‪Bends‬‬ ‫‪Embedded Fiber-Optic‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘ ﺰﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﻬ ﺎﺩﺍﺕ )‪ (Strains‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴ ﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Cables‬‬
‫)‪ . (٦)(Deformation‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤ ﺪ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴ ﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ )‪ (Transmitted Light‬ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺑ ﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻴ ﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼ ﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺪﻣﺞ ‪ .‬ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎءﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧ ﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺼ ﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠ ﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺷﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺙ ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻮء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ( ٢٨-٢‬ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬

‫‪(1)Ghosh,S.(2009),"Self-Healing Materials : Fundamentals, Design Strategies, and Applications‬‬

‫‪",Wiley-VCH Press,India, P1.‬‬
‫‪(2) http://www.azobuild.com/details.asp?ArticleID=3370‬‬
‫‪(3) Addington, M & Schodeck, D. (2004), "Smart Materials and Technologies For The Architecture and‬‬
‫‪Design Professions", Architecture Press , an Imprint of Elsevier , Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford,‬‬
‫‪UK .‬‬
‫‪(4) Addington, M & Schodeck, D. (2004), " Smart Materials and Technologies for the Architecture and‬‬
‫‪Design Professions ", Architecture Press , an Imprint of Elsevier - Linacre House, Jordan Hill , Oxford,‬‬
‫‪UK .‬‬
‫‪(5) http://www.yourdictionary.com/images/computer/FIBER288.GIF‬‬
‫‪(6) Addington, M & Schodeck, D. (2005), "Smart Materials and Technologies For The Architecture and‬‬
‫‪Design Professions", Architecture Press , an imprint of Elsevier- Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford,‬‬
‫‪UK .‬‬
‫‪- ٦٩ -‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻫ ﻲ ﺧﻼﻳ ﺎ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﺻ ﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺟ ﺪﺍ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺬﺑ ﺬﺏ ﺑﺸ ﻜﻞ ﺳ ﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺒ ﺄ ﺑﻤ ﺎ ﻳﺤ ﻴﻂ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺳ ﻞ ﻣﻮﺟ ﺎﺕ‬ ‫"‪: Piezoelectric cells‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ )‪. (٣‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ( ٢٩-٢‬ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ )‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳ ﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴ ﻒ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻔﺎﻑ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﻌﺘﺒ ﺮ ﺃﻓﻀ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻓﻠﻮﺭﻭ ﺃﺛﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﺑﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑ ﺪﻳﻼ ﻟﻠﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺨﻔ ﺔ ﻭﺯﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﻧﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴ ﺮﺓ ﻓ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤ ﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪: Transparent ETFE-Folien,‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸ ﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﺘ ﻰ ﻓ ﻲ ﺩﺭﺟ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺠﺎﻧ ﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴ ﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻬ ﺎ ﻟﻠﻀ ﻮء ﻭ ﺃﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻔ ﻚ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ )‪. (٥‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ( ٣٠-٢‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ETFE‬ﻓﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ)‪. (٤‬‬
‫ﻋﺒ ﺎﺭﺓ ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﺠﺴ ﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺸ ﻌﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺼ ﻐﺮﻩ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺠ ﻢ ﺩﻗ ﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻰ " ‪:"Smart Dust‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻬ ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳ ﺪ ﻋ ﻦ ﺳ ﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺑﺄﺳ ﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺗ ﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻨ ﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍء ﺍﺗﺼ ﺎﻻﺕ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺠ ﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺼ ﻞ ﺇﺭﺳ ﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟ ﻰ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﺘ ﺮ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳ ﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺒ ﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻛﻲ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻷﻣ ﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺒﺔ ﻳﻈﻬ ﺮ ﻟ ﻪ‬
‫ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺒﻴ ﺮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻨ ﻪ ﺗﺤﺴ ﻴﻦ ﻧﻈ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺑﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘ ﻪ ﻟﻠﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ )‪ ،.(٦‬ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒ ﺔ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻮء ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺘ ﺰﺍﺯﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷ ﻌﺎﻉ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻁﻮﺑ ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺒ ﺎﺭ ﻻﺳ ﻠﻜﻴﺎ ﻋﺒ ﺮ ﻣﻮﺟ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳ ﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ ﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ )‪.(٧‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ (٣١-٢‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫‪(1) Albert, S. (2006) , "Smarten Up: A Guide to Creating a Smart Community" , Victoria: Trafford ,‬‬
‫‪P132.‬‬
‫‪(2) Tooley,M&Dingle,L.(2005),"Aircraft Engineering Principles",Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann,‬‬
‫‪Linacre House , Jordan Hill,Oxford,Burlington,P 325.‬‬
‫‪(3) Tooley,M&Dingle,L.(2005),"Aircraft Engineering Principles",Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann,‬‬
‫‪Linacre House , Jordan Hill,Oxford,Burlington,P 324.‬‬
‫‪(4) http://www.octatube.nl/rabincenter/en/imagegaller.html‬‬
‫‪(5)LeCuyer , A. (2010)," ETFE- Technology and Design ", Birkhauser Press, Basel, Boston, Berlin, p41‬‬
‫‪(6) Seeboth, A,Schneider, J .(2000), "Materials For Intelligent Sun Protecting Glazing , Solar Energy‬‬
‫‪Materials & Solar Cells " , Berlin, Germany , p263.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭﻯ )‪" ، (٢٠١٠‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ" ﺑﺤﺚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ .‬ﺻـ ‪. ٢٤‬‬
‫‪- ٧٠ -‬‬
 ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ – ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪/‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ‬
‫)‪(Thermal‬‬ ‫)‪(Visible‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫‪Photo Chromic‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫‪Thermo Chromic‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪Thermo Tropic‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﺒﺮﻫﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﻰ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫‪Electro Chromic‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫)ﻗﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ (‬
‫ﻓﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪Liquid Crystal‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪suspended particle‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻯ ) ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ) ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ (‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼﺕ )ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ(‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ )‪: (Property-changing‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪Thermo chromic‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫‪Photo chromic‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ )‪(Deformation‬‬ ‫‪Mechano chromic‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪Chemo chromic‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫‪Electro chromic‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫‪Liquid crystals‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫‪Suspended particle‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ )‪: (Property-changing‬‬
‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫‪ Electrolum inescents‬ﺃﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬
‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪Photolum inescents‬‬

‫) ( ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٧١ -‬‬
 ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫‪ Chemolum inescents‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻰ‬
‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫‪ Thermolum inescents‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫‪ Light-emitting diodes‬ﺃﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ )ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻸﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ())‪Energy-exchanging (reversible‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ )‪(Deformation‬‬ ‫‪Piezoelectric‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪Pyro electric‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪Thermo electric‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫‪Electror estrictive‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻞ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫‪Magnetor estrictive‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ) (‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﻣﻤﻴﺰﺍﺗﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻗﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪Carbon Fiber‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺆﺩﻯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫‪Reinforced‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Concrete‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺻﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺴﺎﺕ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪"athermo chromic‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Chronos‬‬
‫"‪ concrete‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ" ‪"display‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫‪Chromos‬‬
‫‪،surface‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫‪Concrete‬‬
‫ﻁﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺰﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ ‪ .fiber‬ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺿﺎءﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺼﻨﻊ ﺛﻘﻮﺏ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ‪. %٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺸﻦ )ﺑﻪ ﺛﻘﻮﺏ( ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻓﺠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘ ﻮﻡ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟ ﻮﺍﺡ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺼ ﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋ ﺪﺓ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺮﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣ ﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺃﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ)ﺍﻷﺷ ﻌﺎﻉ( ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺨﻔ ﺾ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪% ١٥‬‬
‫ﻋ ﺎﺯﻝ ﺟﻴ ﺪ ﻟﻠﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻻﺗﺤﺘ ﺮﻕ ﻭﺗﻘﻠ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺪﻳﻼ ﻟﻠﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﻭﺟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻤﻚ ‪ ٢٠-١٠‬ﺳﻢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﻳﺴ ﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺭ ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴ ﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺴ ﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔ ﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧ ﻞ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺮﺍﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻔﺔ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﺿﺎءﺓ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻮﻯ‬
‫‪ Hazy‬ﺷ ﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻠ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻤﺎء ‪،‬ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﻳﻀ ﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺠ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻋﻄﺎء ﺃﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻭﺩﺓ ﺻﻴﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻳ ﺔ – ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ ﺍﻷﺿ ﺎءﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫) ( ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٧٢ -‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻯ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ – ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ ﺍﻷﺿ ﺎءﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺼ ﻮﺗﻰ – ﻣ ﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺸ ﺘﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻀ ﻮء ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﺟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻄ ﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺘ ﻮﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸ ﻜﻴﻞ ﺑ ﺄﻯ ﺷ ﻜﻞ ‪ -‬ﻣﻼﺋﻤ ﺔ ﺟ ﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻓ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻤ ﺎ ﺗﻤﺘ ﺎﺯ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣ ﻞ )‪U-‬‬
‫‪ (value‬ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻋﺰﻝ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺻ ﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴ ﻮﻡ ﺗﺘﺴ ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨ ﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫‪AERO‬‬
‫ﻓ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻤﺎﻛﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼ ﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﺃﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻄﺒﻘ ﺔ ﺗﻘ ﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪FORMED‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻰ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫‪ALUMINUM:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ )‪ infra-‬ﻭﻫ ﻰ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺭﺑ ﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺨ ﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌ ﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻘﻴ ﺎﺱ )ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ‬ ‫‪ (structure‬ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ – ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ(‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻫﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻷﺿ ﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓ ﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﻣﺸﻤﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺿﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺿﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻅﻼﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻟﺠ ﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳ ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺣﺴ ﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬ ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻭ ﺃﺧﻒ ﻭﺃﻗ ﻞ ﻛﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺳ ﻬﻞ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻄ ﻊ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴ ﺪﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻟ ﻪ ﺃﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪ Transmission‬ﻟﻀ ﻮء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ﻤﺲ ﺃﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑ ﺎﻗﻰ ﺃﻧ ﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺰﺟ ﺎﺝ ﻭﻣﻨ ﻊ ﺍﻷﺷ ﻌﺔ ﻓ ﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴ ﺰ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻮﺍﺩ ﺑ ﺎﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ ﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻟﺸ ﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻨ ﺎﻙ ﻋ ﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﻋﻴ ﺎﺕ ﻣﻨ ﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻋﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ‪ %١‬ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤ ﺎ ﺗﺼ ﻞ ﺇﻟ ﻰ‪ %٢٢‬ﻭﻫ ﻮ ﻣﻔﺘ ﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ﻲ ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻹﺿ ﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪.‬ﺃﻣ ﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫ ﺎ ﺷ ﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺰﻳ ﺪ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻳﺘ ﻪ ﻭﻫ ﻮ ﻣﻔﺘ ﻮﺡ ﻋ ﻦ ‪ ، %٥٧‬ﻭ ﻟﻜ ﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺒ ﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻳ ﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘ ﻞ ﻋ ﻦ ‪ %١٢‬ﻭ ﻫ ﻮ ﻣﻐﻠ ﻖ ﻭ ﻫ ﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻌﻠ ﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺎ ﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨ ﻊ ﻧﻔ ﺎﺫ ﺃﺷ ﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸ ﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷ ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴ ﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﻨﻔ ﺎﺫ ﺇﺿ ﺎءﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟـ ‪HOE‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻨ ﻊ ﺃﻟﺴ ﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬ ﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻐ ﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺎﻣﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘ ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠ ﺎﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺴ ﺘﻤﺮ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿ ﻊ ﻣ ﻦ)‪–٤٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪ (١٢٠‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌ ﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻮﺗﻲ ﻟﻬ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﺭﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺜﻘ ﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺳ ﻄﺤﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴ ﻞ ﻣﺴ ﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀ ﺠﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔ ﺮﺍﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺟﺰ ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٧٣ -‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺿﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ﻟ ﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ –‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻊ ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﺼ ﺎﺹ ﻏ ﺎﺯ ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻛﺴ ﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ –‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﻌ ﺚ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﺛﻨ ﺎء ﺗﺼ ﻨﻴﻌﻪ ﻧﺼ ﻒ ﻫ ﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻻﺳ ﺘﻬﻼﻛﻪ ﺣ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴ ﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟ ﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘ ﻊ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﻤ ﺎ ﻳﺸ ﺒﻪ ﺟﻬ ﺎﺯﺍ ﻋﺼ ﺒﻴﺎ ﻳﺘ ﻴﺢ ﻟ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ –‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸ ﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻭﻧﻘ ﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤ ﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻧﻘ ﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻌﻒ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷ ﻘﻮﻕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺴ ﻮﺭ ‪ .‬ﺗ ﻢ ﺗﺰﻭﻳ ﺪ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﺠﻬ ﺎﺯ ﻋﺼ ﺒﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴ ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻁﻮﻟﻬ ﺎ ﺑﻀ ﻊ ﺳ ﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺧﻠﻄﻬ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺳ ﻤﻨﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻻ ﺃﻧﻬ ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (Conductibility‬ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪%١٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘ ﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﺻ ﻼﺡ ﺍﻻﺿ ﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻻﺳ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺧ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸ ﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻄ ﻮﺏ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺜ ﻞ "‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻣﺴ ﺘﻮﺭ "‪ a thermistor‬ﻫ ﻮﺍﺋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳ ﺔ ﻣﺘﻌ ﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺗﺠﺎﻫ ﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺟﻬ ﺰﻩ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬ ﺎ ﺍﺭﺳ ﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧ ﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻫﺘ ﺰﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺿ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻻﺯﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻻﻉ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ Radiant Color‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫‪And Mirror‬‬
‫‪Film‬‬
‫ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﻘﻴ ﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼ ﺪﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﺤﻨ ﺎءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸ ﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺬﺑ ﺬﺏ ﺑﺸ ﻜﻞ ﺳ ﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺤ ﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺒ ﺄ ﺑﻤ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺤ ﻴﻂ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺳ ﻞ ﻣﻮﺟ ﺎﺕ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻷﺟﻬ ﺰﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻔ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺯﻥ – ﺳ ﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺳ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ – ﻗﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔ ﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﻭﻧﺘﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻼ ﻟﻠﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻓﻠﻮﺭﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴ ﺮﺓ ﻓ ﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤ ﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸ ﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﺘ ﻰ ﻓ ﻲ ﺩﺭﺟ ﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﺑﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀ ﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻧ ﺐ ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴ ﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ ‪ -‬ﻧﻘﻠﻬ ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ‪ -‬ﺃﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﺒ ﺎﺭﺓ ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﺠﺴ ﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺸ ﻌﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻰ "‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﻬ ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳ ﺪ ﻋ ﻦ ﺳ ﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒ ﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫"‪"Smart Dust‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷ ﻌﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐ ﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻁﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ) ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ) ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ – ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ – ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫– ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ ( ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻮﺍﺓ ﺑﺄﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬
‫"‪"Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﻮﺱ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺱ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬
‫"‪"Chronos Chromos Concrete‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫) ( ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫"‪"Light-Transmitting Concrete‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ‪"Transparent Concrete" .‬‬
‫" ‪" Aluminium Calme‬‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬

‫ﺃﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫√‬ ‫√‬
‫"‪"Aluminium laminated panels‬‬
‫√‬ ‫"‪." Airogel‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﻭﺟﻴﻞ‬
‫√‬ ‫"‪"Aeragel Glazing‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻮﻯ‬
‫√‬ ‫"‪"CoagulateGlazing‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﺟﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫√‬
‫"‪"Aero formed aluminum‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ "‪" Optical Fiber‬‬
‫√‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬
‫"‪"Photochromic Materials‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬
‫" ‪"Electrochromic Materials‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
‫√‬
‫" ‪"Liquid Crystal Technology‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬
‫"‪"Suspended Particle Display‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻝ‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻰ"‪" Plastic Glass‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫√‬
‫" ‪" Suspended Particle Display‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝ" ‪. " HOE‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﺭﺑﺮ ‪(Micro sorber) .‬‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲء ) ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻊ ( ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻠﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮﺙ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ " ‪"Self-Healing Material‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻰ"‪" Smart Bricks‬‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬
‫"‪"Radiant Color And Mirror Film‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ"‪" Piezoelectric Cells‬‬
‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻓﻠﻮﺭﻭ ﺃﺛﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﺑﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ‬
‫"‪"Transparent Etfe-Folien‬‬
‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻰ ‪"Smart Dust " .‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ) (‪.‬‬

‫) ( ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ‪.‬‬

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