cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs;

gQ;rhaj;Juh[; (gFjp IX) (ruj;J 243-243O)

 ,e;jpa muR %d;W mLf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ.

 1) kj;jpa muR
 2) khepy muR
 3) cs;shl;rp muR
 cs;shl;rp muR ,U tifahf gphpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 1) fpuhkg;Gw cs;shl;rp ( gQ;rhaj;J)
 2) efh;Gw cs;shl;rp (efh;ghypfh)

gQ;rhaj;J Njhd;wpa tuyhW:

 cs;shl;rp murhq;fq;fk; vd;gJ kf;fspd; cs;Sh; Njitfis g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;f;fhf

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
 fpuhkq;fSf;Fk; mjpf mjpfhuk; gutyhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> fpuhkj;
jiyth;fs;> cWg;gpdh;fs; jq;fs; fpuhkq;fis jhNk Ml;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk; vdf;
$wpath;.
-kfhj;khfhe;jp

 ,e;jpahtpy; thOk; filf;Nfhb kf;fSf;Fk; ,J vdJ ehL vd;w czh;T tu Ntz;Lk;

vd;why; mjpfhuk; gutyhf;fglNtz;Lk; vdf; $wpath;.
-kfhj;kh fhe;jp

 fpuhkq;fs; mwpahik kw;Wk; tFg;Gthjj;jpd; ,Ug;gplk; vd;Wk;>

fpuhkq;fSf;F mjpfhuk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhy;> xU rpy Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;ij
Nrh;e;jth;fis mbikg;gLj;jptpLthh;fs;> jho;e;j r%fj;jpd; Fuy; mq;F fhzhky;
NghfptpLk; vdf; $wpath;
- lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh;

 vdNt mk;Ngj;fh; cUthf;fpa murikg;G rl;lj;jpy; gQ;rhaj;J Kiwia

vjph;fhyj;jpy; murhq;fq;fs; nfhz;Ltuyhk; vd ruj;J 40y; muRf;F topfhl;Lk;
newpKiw gFjpapy; mk;Ngj;fh; itj;jhh;.
 Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kd;ghf cUthf;fg;gl efuhl;rp mikg;Gfs;
1) nrd;id (1688)
2) gk;gha; (1772)
3) fy;fj;jh (1793)
 Mq;fpNyah; fhyj;jpy; fpuhkq;fspYk; efuq;fspYk;> Ra Ml;rpia nfhz;Ltu
Ntz;Lk; vd;W “hpg;gd; gpuG” mth;fs; 1882y; jPh;khdk; nfhz;L
te;jhh;. ,tNu ,e;jpahtpy; Kiwahf cs;shl;rp mikg;ig nfhz;L te;jhh;.
 vdNt ,th; “cs;shl;rp eph;thfj;jpd; je;ij” vd;Wk; “hpg;gd; vq;fs;
mg;gd;” vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.
  1909 y; yh$hpy; eilngw;w ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; khehL M.M. khstpah
(kjd; Nkhfd;) jiyikapy; eilngw;wJ> ,jpy; gQ;rhaj;J uh[; jPh;khdk;
epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.
 1950 [dthp 26y; murikg;G rl;lk; mwpKfg;gLj;jgl;l NghJ cs;shl;rp
mikg;Gf;F rl;l mq;fpfhuk; mspf;fg;gltpy;iy.

gQ;rhaj;Juh[; fkpl;bfs;
 mf;Nlhgh; 2> 1952 nfhz;Ltug;gl;l rKjha Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lk;> vt;thW
nray;gLfpwJ> kw;Wk; ehl;by; gQ;rhaj;J nfhz;LtUtjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$W
gw;wp MuhaTk; gy fkpl;bfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lJ.

gy;te;j;uha; Nkj;jh fkpl;b (1957)

 [dthp 16> 1957y; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ.
 etk;gh; 24> 1957 y; jdJ mwpf;ifia rkh;gpj;jJ.
 ,e;j mwpf;if 1958 y; Njrpa tsh;r;rp FOthy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
 ,f;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpd; “kfhrhrdk;” vd miof;fgLfpwJ.

gy;Nte;j;uha; Nkj;jh FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs;:

 eph;thfk; gutyhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; eph;thfk; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspd;
fl;Lghl;by; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 %d;wLf;F gQ;rhaj;J Kiw mky;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
1) fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp (Cuhl;rp kd;wk;) (fpuhk mstpy;) jiyth; -
gpurpnlz;l;
2) gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp (Cuhl;rp xd;wpak;) (tl;lhu mstpy; - gy fpuhkq;fs;
Nrh;e;J) jiyth; - Nrh;kd;
3) [py;yh ghprj; (khtl;l gQ;rhaj;J)
(khtl;l mstpy;) jiyth; - khtl;l Ml;rpah;
 fpuhk gQ;rhaj;jpw;F Neubj;Njh;jy; %yk;> gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp> [py;yh
ghprj;> Mfpatw;wpw;F kiwKf Njh;jy; elj;jgl Ntz;Lk; vd ,f;FO $wpaJ.
 gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp eph;thf mikg;ghfTk; [py;yhghprj; MNyhrid kw;Wk;
Nkw;ghh;it mikg;ghf nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 cs;shl;rp mikg;GfSf;F NghJkhd epjp Mjhuk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
 Nkw;fz;l ghpe;Jiufis gyte;j;uha; Nkj;jh fkpl;b muRf;F toq;fpaJ.
 gy;te;j;uha; Nkj;jh mth;fspd; mwpf;ifia Vw;W ,e;jpahtpy; gQ;rhaj;J
mikg;G Kjd;Kjyhf “uh[];jhd;” khepyj;jpy; ehnfsh; khtl;lj;jpy;
mf;Nlhgh; 2> 1959y; NeU mth;fshy;; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.
 ,uz;lhtjhf Me;jpuhtpYk;> %d;whtjhf gPfhhpYk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.

mNrhf; Nkj;jh fkpl;b (1977)

 1977 y; brk;ghpd; [djh murhq;fj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 ,f;FO jdJ mwpf;ifia Mf];l;21> 1978 y; jdJ mwpf;ifia rkh;gpj;jJ. mjpy;
132 ghpe;Jiufis $wpapUe;jJ.
Kf;fpa ghpe;Jiufs;
 1) 3 mLf;F gQ;rhaj;J Kiwia ePf;fptpl;L mjw;F 2 mLf;F gQ;rhaj;J Kiw
nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk;.
 kz;ly gQ;rhaj;J (gy fpuhkq;fis cs;slf;fpaJ)
 [py;yh ghprj; (khtl;l mstpy;)
2) gQ;rhaj;J mikGf;F murikg;G mQfPfhuk; tOq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;FONt
murikg;G mq;fPfhuk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;FONt murikg;G mq;fPfhuk; tOq;f
Ntz;Lk; vd $wpa Kjy; FOthFk;.
3) mjpfhuj;ij gfph;e;J mspf;Fk; NghJ khepyj;jpw;F mLj;jgbahf
khtl;lj;jpw;f;F toq;fgl Ntz;Lk;.
4) gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gfspy; murpay; fl;rpfs; gq;Nfw;f Ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; ,t;
tikg;GfSf;F thp tpjpg;G mjpfhuk; toq;fgl Ntz;Lk;.
5) gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gf;F njhlh;gpy;yhj jFjp ngw;w ePjpgjpfs; nfhz;L epaha
gQ;rhj;Jfs; Vw;gLj;j gl Ntz;Lk;.
6) khepy jiyik Njh;jy; mjpfhhp gQ;rhaj;J Njh;jiy elj;j Ntz;Lk;.
7) gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gf;F jdpahf Xh; mikr;rh; epakpf;fgl Ntz;Lk;.
[djh muR gjtpf;fhyk; KbAk; Kk;Ng fiyf;fg;gl;ljhy; mNrhf; Nkj;jh
fkpl;bapd; ghpe;Jiufis nray;gLj;j Kbatpy;iy.

`Dke;j;uht; fkpl;b (1982)

 1982 y; jpl;lf; FOthy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 1984 y; jdJ mwpf;ifia rkh;gpj;jJ.
 ,f;FOtpd; Kf;fpa ghpe;Jiu> khtl;l jpl;lf;FOit mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ.

tp.tp.Nf.uht; fkpl;b (1985)

 1985 y; jpl;lf;FOthy; mikf;fg;gl;;lJ.
 1986 y; mwpf;ifia rkh;gpj;jJ.

ghpe;Jiufs:
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gfs; %yk; tWik xopf;fg;gl;L> fpuhkq;fs; Nkk;ghL mila
Ntz;Lk;.
 khtl;l tsh;r;rp Mizah; vd;w Gjpa gjtp cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 khtl;l jpl;lq;fspy; [py;yh ghp~j; mjpf gq;fpid nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;> KGikahd
epjpia [py;yh ghp~j; mikg;gpw;Nf toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

vy;.vk;.rpq;tp fkpl;b (1986)

 1986 y; ,uh[Pt; fhe;jp murhq;fj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 1986 y; jdJ mwpf;ifia toq;fpaJ.

Kf;fpa ghpe;Jiufs;:
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jp mjd; %yk; kf;fshl;rpia Nkk;ghL mila
nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;Gf;F murikg;G rl;l mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G tYg;ngw gy fpuhkq;fs; xd;wpizf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
  gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpy; Vw;gLk; gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T fhz xt;nthU
khepyj;jpYk; “gQ;rhaj;J ePjp jPh;ghak;” mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

P.K. Jq;Nfhd; fkpl;b

 1988 y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

Kf;fpa ghpe;Jiufs;:
 [py;yh ghp~j; gQ;rhaj;jpd; ikakhf nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 gQ;rhaj;Jf;fspd; gjtpf;fhyk; 5 tUlk; vd eph;zak; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 6 khjq;fSf;F Nky; gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G fiyf;fgl;bUf;f $lhJ.

V.N. fhl;fpy; FO
 1988 y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 %d;wLf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lhy;> midj;jpw;Fk; cWg;gpdh;fs; Neubahf Njh;T
nra;agl Ntz;Lk;.
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpw;F SC,ST kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F ,l xJf;fPL toq;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
 gQ;rhaj;J Njh;jy;fis elj;j khepy Njh;jy; Mizak; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 fpuhk mikg;Gfis gw;wp Muha jkpo;ehL murhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l FOf;fs;:
1) L.C. n[a;d; FO (1996)
2) Nfh.rp. kzp FO (1997)
3) K.f.];lhypd; FO(2007)

PESA Act (1996)

(Provisoion of panchayats Extension of Scheduled Area)
 gl;bayplg;gl;l gFjpfSf;F gQ;rhaj;J uh[; mikg;ig nfhz;L
nry;y ,r;rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.

PESA rl;lj;jpd; nray;ghLfs;

 tsq;fis ghJfhj;jy;
 rpWfdpkq;fis ghJfhj;jy;
 ePh; epiyfis ghJfhj;jy;
 fhL r%f tsq;fis ghJfhj;jy;

73 tJ murikg;G rl;ljpUj;jk; (1992)

 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpw;F murpayikg;G hPjpahd mq;fPfhuk; toq;f mg;Nghija
gpujkh; jpU.eurpk;kuht; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;f;nfhz;lhh;.
 jpU. eurpk;kuht; jiyikapyhd fhq;fpu]; muR> gQ;rhaj;Jf;F mq;fPfhuk;
toq;f ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; fPo;fz;l topKiwfis ifahz;lJ.
 gQ;rhaj;Juh[; kNrhjh epiwNtw;wk;
kf;fsitapy; - brk;gh; 22> 1992
khepyq;fsitapy; - 23> 1992
 FbauR jiyth; xg;Gjy; mspj;jJ – Vg;uy; 20> 1993
  FbauR jiyth; ePz;l fhyk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l fhuzk;> gQ;rhaj;J uh[; kNrhjhTf;F
ghjpf;F Nkw;gl;;l khepyq;fspd; xg;Gjy; ngw Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ> gQ;rhaj;J
rl;lkhtjw;F Muk;gj;jpNyNa 17 khepyq;fs; MjuT njhptpj;jJ.
 FbauR jiythpd; xg;GjYf;F gpwF Vg;uy; 24> 1993 y; gQ;rhaj;J ,e;jpahtpy;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Njrpa gQ;;rhaj;J jpdk; - Vg;uy; 24
 gQ;rhaj;Juh[; Kiwia kj;jpa muRmwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpwF> midj;J
khepyq;fSk;> jq;fspd; khepyq;fspy; 1 Mz;Lf;Fs; gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G
Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd kj;jpa muR mwpTwpj;jpaJ.

gQ;rhaj;J njhlh;ghd ruj;Jf;fs;

 ruj;J 243 - gQ;rhaj;J tiuaiw.
 ruj;J 243A – fpuhk rig mikj;jy;.
 ruj;J 243B – gQ;rhaj;Juh[; mikj;jy;.
 ruj;J 243C – gQ;rhaj;J njhFg;G my;yJ mLf;F.
 ruj;J 243D - ,lxJf;fPL.
 ruj;J 243F – gQ;rhaj;J gjtpfhyk;.
 ruj;J 243E – cWg;gpdh;fspd; jFjp kw;Wk; jFjp ,og;G.
 ruj;J 243F – gQ;rhaj;jpd; mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; gzpfs;.
 ruj;J 243G – gQ;rhaj;jpd; mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; gzpfs;.
 ruj;J 243H – gQ;rhaj;Jfspd; thp tpjpg;G mjpfhuk;.
 ruj;J 243I – epjp Mizak; mikj;jy;.
 ruj;J 243J – gQ;rhaj;J fzf;Ffis jzpf;if nra;jJ.
 ruj;J 243K – gQ;rhj;J Njh;jy;.
 ruj;J 243L – Adpad; gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G.
 ruj;J 243M – rpy gFjpfs; gQ;rhaj;Juh[; nghUe;jhJ.
 ruj;J 243N – Vw;fdNt cs;s rl;lq;fs; njhlUk;.
 ruj;J 243O – Njh;jy; eilKiwfspy; ePjpkd;wk; jiyapl jil.

ruj;J 243 gQ;rhaj;J tiuaiw

 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wp tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
fpuhkj;jpd; filNfhb kf;fSf;Fk; mjpfhuk; gQ;rhaj;J MFk;.

ruj;J 243 A fpuhkrig mikj;jy;

 fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s thf;fhsh; gl;baypy; ngah; cs;s midth;fSk; fpuhkrig
$l;lq;fs; ehd;F ehl;fs; eilngWk;.
[dthp 26> Mf];l; 15> Nk 1> mf;Nlhgh; 2
(khtl;l Ml;rpj;jiyth; fye;J nfhs;thh;)
 fpuhk rigNa kf;fshl;rpapd; MzpNtuhFk;.

ruj;J 243 B gQ;rhaj;J mikj;jy;

 khepyq;fs; gQ;rhaj;J mikg;ig Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;> Vd; vdpy; gQ;rhaj;J
mikg;G khepyq;fs; gl;baypy; cs;sJ.
ruj;J 243 C gQ;rhaj;J njhFg;G
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G %d;wLf;F nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ.
1) fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J (Cuhl;rp kd;wk;)
2) Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; ( gpshf; gQ;rhaj;J)
3) khtl;l Cuhl;rp

ruj;J 243 D ,lxJf;fPL

 jho;j;jgl;l tFg;gpdh; kw;Wk; goq;FbapdUf;fhd ,lq;fs; xJf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 ngz;fSf;F 1/3 gFjp Fiwahj ,lq;;fs; xJf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (33%)
 ngz;fSf;F 1/3 gFjp Fiwahj gQ;rhaj;J jiyth; gjtpf;F xJf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
(33%)
 jho;j;jg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F 1/3 gq;F Fiwahj ,lq;fs; xJf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdUf;F (OBC) ,lxJf;fPL toq;FtJ njhlh;ghf khepy
muRfNs rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.

ruj;J 243 E gQ;rhaj;J gjtpfhyk;

 midj;J Cuhl;rpfspd; gjtpf;fhyk; 5 Mz;Lfs; MFk;.
 xU khepy rl;lkd;wk;> ,aw;Wtjd; %yk; gQ;rhaj;J gjtp fhyj;ij fiyf;f KbAk;.
Fiyf;fg;gl;l gQ;rhj;Jf;F 6 khjq;fSf;F Njh;jy; elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 5 Mz;Lfs; epiwtilAk; Kd;dNu fiyf;fg;gl;l gQ;rhaj;J Gjpjhf Njh;jy;
elj;jg;gl;L kPz;Lk; mikf;fg;gl;lhy; kPjpAs;s fhyk; kl;LNk nray;gLk;.
 kPjkpUf;Fk; fhyk; 6 khjj;jpw;F Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy; Njh;jy; elj;jgl Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;iy.
(gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpw;Fk;> cWg;gpdUf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;)

ruj;J 243 F cWg;gpdUf;fhd jFjpfs; kw;Wk; jFjp ,og;G

 cWg;gpdh;fSf;F 21 taJ G+h;j;jp mile;jpUe;jhNs NghJk;.
 cWg;gpdh;fSf;fhd jFjp ,og;G gw;wp khepyq;fs; KbT nra;J nfhs;syhk;.

ruj;J 243 G gQ;rhaj;jpd; nghWg;Gfs; kw;Wk; mjpfhuq;fs;

 gQ;rhaj;Juh[; mikg;gpw;F 29 Jiwfspy; mjpfhuk; ekJ murikg;G rl;lj;jhy;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 11tJ ml;;ltizapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
1) tptrhak;
2) tdg;nghUl;fs;
3) kPd;tsk;
4) rpWnjhopy;fs;
5) FbePh;
6) gz;iztsk;
7) Fbirj; njhopy;
8) fpuhk tPl;Ltrjp
9) tpwF> jPtd;
 10) E}yfq;fs;
11) R%f eyk;
12) kuG rhuh rf;jp
13) tWik xopg;G
14) fpuhk kpd;rhuk;
15) Jtf;f> eLepiyg;gs;sp
16) FLk;g epyk;
17) Fiy epfo;r;rpfs;
18) Re;ijfs;
19) nghJ Rfhjhuk;
20) kfsph;> Foe;ij eyk;
21) nghJ tpepNahfk;
22) r%f nrhj;J guhkhpg;G
23) KjpNahh; fy;tp
24) Ntiytha;g;Gf; fy;tp
25) ePh;ghrdk;> ePh; Mjhuk; tsh;r;rp
26) fhy;eil guhkhpg;G
27) ghijfs;> kjF ghyq;fs; guhkhpg;G
28) eype;Njhh; eyd;
29) epyr;rPh;jpUj;jk;> epyg;guhkhpg;G

ruj;J 243 I khepy epjp Mizak; mikj;jy;

 5 Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw MSeh; epjpf; FOit mikj;J> jiyth; kw;Wk;
cWg;gpdh;fis epakdk; nra;fpwhh;.
 jiyth; kw;Wk; cWg;gpdh;fs; gjtp> kw;Wk; jFjp gw;wp khepy rl;lkd;wk;
KbT nra;Ak;.

gzpfs;:
 epjpf;FO gQ;rhaj;Jfspd; epjpepiyfis Muha;e;J Mz;Lf;F xUKiw MSeUf;F
mwpf;if mDg;GfpwJ> MSeh; mjid rl;lkd;wj;jpy; rkh;gpf;fpwhh;.
 khepy muR kw;Wk; cs;shl;rp mikg;GfSf;F ,ilNa vt;thW epjp gfpuNtz;Lk;
vd MSeUf;F ghpe;Jiu nra;fpwJ.
 kj;jpa murplk; ,Ue;J tUk; khdpaj; njhiffis gQ;rhaj;Jf;F toq;f epjpf;FO
ghpe;Jiu nra;Ak;.

ruj;J 243 H thp tpjpg;gjw;fhd mjpfhuq;fs;

 khepy muRfspd; rl;lq;fs; %yNk gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G thp tR+y; nra;Ak;
mjpfhuj;ij ngw;Ws;sJ.
 khepy murpd; rhh;ghf gy;NtW thpfis gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G tR+ypf;fpwJ.
 khepy murpd; njhFg;gp epjpapypUe;J gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F rpy njhiffs;
khdpakhf toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
ruj;;J 243 J gQ;rhaj;J fzf;F jzpf;if
 cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfis jzpf;if nra;tjw;F> khepy murhy; cs;shl;rp jzpf;ifj;Jiw
vd;w Jiw jdpahf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (Local fund Auditor)

ruj;J 243 K gQ;rhaj;jpd; Njh;jy; kw;Wk; khepy Njh;jy; Mizak;

 gQ;rhaj;J Njh;jy; njhlh;ghf rl;lq;fis khepy muR ,aw;Wk;.
 khepy Njh;jy; Mizah; MSeuhy; epakdk; nra;agLfpwhh;. Njh;jy; Mizahpd;
gjtp fhyj;ij MSeNu KbT nra;fpwhh;.
 cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs; Njh;jy; njhlh;ghd midj;J gzpfSk; khepy Njh;jy;
Mizaj;jhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

ruj;J 243 L A+dpad; gpuNjrj;jpy; gQ;rhaj;J

 Adpad; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtJ gw;wp FbauRj;
jiytNu KbT nra;thh;.

ruj;J 243 M rpy gFjpfSf;F tpjptpyf;F

 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;ig mwpKfg; gLj;JtjpypUe;J rpy khepyq;fSf;F my;yJ rpy
gFjpfSf;F tpyf;F mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (SC/ST gFjpfs;)

ruj;J 243 N gioa rl;lq;fspd; njhlh;r;rp

 cs;shl;rp mikg;gpw;F 1992 murikg;G mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gl;l gpwF>
midj;J khepyq;fSk; Xh; Mz;Lf;Fs; gQ;rhaj;J rl;lj;ljpid nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk;
vd kj;jpa muR $wpaJ> ,ilg;gl;l me;j xU tUl fhyj;jpw;F khepyq;fs; gioa
rl;lq;fis itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

ruj;J 243 O ePjpkd;wk; jiyapl jil

 gQ;rhaj;J Njh;jy; eilKiwfspy; ePjpkd;wk; jiyapl $lhJ.

jkpo;ehl;by; gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G

 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpw;F murikg;G mq;fPfhuk; toq;Ftjw;Nf Kd;Ng
“fhkuh[h;” Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; “1958 jkpo;ehL gQ;rhaj;J rl;lk;”
nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.
 73 tJ jpUj;jg;gb jkpo;ehL gQ;rhaj;J rl;lk; jpUj;jg;gl;L> 1994 Mk; Mz;L
mg;Nghija Kjy;th; n[ayypjh mth;fs; Ml;rp eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

gQ;rhaj;Juh[; (my;yJ) Cuhl;rp mikg;Gfs; %d;wLf;F Kiwfs;

fpuhk Cuhl;rp
 500 f;Fk; mjpfkhd kf;fs; njhif nfhz;l fpuhkq;fspy; fpuhk Cuhl;rp
mikf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 Jiyth; kw;Wk; cWg;gpdh;fs; kf;fshy; Neubj; Njh;jy; %yk; Njh;T
nra;ag;gLfpwhh;fs;.
 Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl Fiwe;jgl;r taJ 21 MFk;.
 SC/ST kf;fSf;F ,l xJf;fPL cz;L jkpo;ehl;il nghWj;j tiuapy; ngz;fs; 50%
 ,lxJf;fPL toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> (kw;w khepyq;fspy; ngz;fSf;F 33% )
 Cuhl;rp kd;w jiytUf;F ,sQ;rptg;G epw thf;FrPl;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 fpuhk Cuhl;rpapy; 5 cWg;gpdh;fSf;F FiwahkYk; 15 cWg;gpdh;fSf;F
kpfhkYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 jiyth; kw;Wk; cWg;gpdh;fspd; gjtpf; fhyk; 5 Mz;Lfs; MFk;;.
 ve;j fl;rpia rhh;e;jtUk; Njh;jypy; Nghl;baplyhk;. Mdhy; ahUk; fl;rp
rpd;dj;jpy; Nghl;bapl KbahJ.

fpuhk Cuhl;rpapd; gzpfs;;

1) toq;Fjy;
2) njUtpsf;F guhkhpj;jy;
3) rhiyfis guhkhpj;jy;
4) ,Lfhl;il guhkhpj;jy;
5) rpwpa ghyq;fis mikj;jy;
6) njUf;fis Rj;jk; nra;jy;
7) E}yfq;fis Vw;gLj;Jjy;
8) tPl;L kidfSf;F mikjp toq;Fjy;
 fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J rpy gzpfis jq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; kl;LNk nra;ayhk; my;yJ
nra;ahkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
1) njU tpsf;F gukhhpg;G
2) kuq;fs; eLjy;
3) ikjhdq;fs; guhkhpg;G
4) re;ij kw;Wk; jpUtpohf;fs; elj;Jjy;
5) nghUl;rhl;rp eilngWk; ,lq;fis guhkhpj;jy;
6) ,iwr;rp> fhy;eil nfhl;liffis guhkhpj;jy;

Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; ( tl;lhu Cuhl;rp kd;wk;)

 fpuhk Cuhl;rpf;F mLj;j Nky;epiyapy; cs;sJ.
 gy fpuhk gQ;rhj;Jf;fs; xd;wpize;J Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 5000 kf;fs; njhiff;F xU cWg;gpdh; vd;w Kiwapy; Cuhl;rp xd;wpa
cWg;gpdh;fs; kf;fshy; Neubahf Njh;T nra;agLfpwhh;fs;.
 cWg;gpdh;fspd; Neubj; Njh;jYf;F gr;ir epw thf;F rPl;Lfs;
gad;gLj;jgLfpwJ.
 Adpad; Nrh;kd; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Cuhl;rp xd;wpaj;jpd; jiytiu
cWg;gpdh;fs; kiwKfj; Njh;jy; %yk; Njh;T nra;fpwhh;fs;.
 gjtpf;fhyk; - 5 Mz;Lfs;
 Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; xU Mz;bw;Fs; 6 Kiw $l;lk; elj;j Ntz;Lk;> ,uz;L
$l;lq;fSf;F ,ilNa 2 khjq;fSf;F Nky; ,ilntsp ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
 cWg;gpdh;fNs jiytiu gjtp ePf;fk; nra;fpwhh;fs;.
 khtl;l Ml;rpah;> kw;Wk; tl;lhu tsh;r;rp mYtyh; (BDO)
MfpNahh; ,t;tikg;ig Nkw;ghh;it nra;fpd;wdh;.
 tl;lhu tsh;r;rp mYtyh; ,jd; eph;thf mYtyh; Mthh;.
 jiytUk;> Jizj; jiytUk; ,y;yhj NghJ tl;lhu tsh;r;rp mYtyNu ,jd; mYty;fis
 Nkw;f;nfhs;fpwhh;;.

Cuhl;rp xd;wpaj;jpd; gzpfs;

1) Rfhjhu epiyaq;fis guhkhpj;jy;
2) kfg;NgW tpLjpfis epWTjy;
3) rhiyfis guhkhpj;jy;
4) r%ff; fhLfis ghJfhj;jy;
5) fhy;eil kUj;Jtkidfis epWTjy;
6) FbePh; toq;Fjy;

khtl;l Cuhl;rp
 Xt;nthU khtl;lj;ljpw;Fk; xU khtl;l Cuhl;rp mikf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 cWg;gpdh;fs; 50>000 kf;fs; njhiff;F xU cWg;gpdh; vd;w Kiwapy;
kf;fshy; Neubahf Njh;T nra;ag;gLfpwhh;fs;> ,th;fSf;F “kQ;rs;” epw
thf;FrPl;L gad;gLj;jgLfpwJ.
 jiyth; kw;Wk; Jizj;jiyth; cWg;gpdh;fs; %yk; kiwKfj; Njh;jy; %yk; Njh;T
nra;ag;gLfpwhh;fs;.
 gjtpf;fhyk; 5 Mz;Lfs;

khtl;l Cuhl;rpapd; gzpfs;

 fpuhk Cuhl;rp kw;Wk; Cuhl;rp xd;wpaj;;jpd; tsh;r;rp jpl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J
muRf;F njhptpf;fpwJ.
 khtl;l jpl;l Mizaj;jpd; gzpfis Nkw;ghh;it nra;fpwJ.

khtl;l jpl;lf;FO
 khtl;l jpl;lf;FO “`Dke;juht;” fkpl;bapd; ghpe;Jiuapd; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
 ,jd; jiyth; khtl;l Cuhl;rp jiyth; Mthh;.
 khtl;lk; KOikf;Fk; Njitahd tsh;r;rp jpl;lj;ij jahh; nra;fpwJ. Mij tsh;r;rp
jpl;lj;ij jahh; nra;fpwJ. Mij khepy jpl;lf;FOf;F mDg;GfpwJ.
 ,jd; cWg;gpdh;fs; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspy; cs;s cWg;gpdh;fshy; Njh;T
nra;ag;gLfpwhh;fs;.
 khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kf;fsit> kw;Wk; rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; ,f;FOtpy; ,lk;
ngWthh;fs;.
 Mjpfhu gutyhf;fk; vd;gJ “Gy;ypjo; FbauR” vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
Gy;ypjo; Fbaurpd; gpwg;gplk; jkpo;ehL MFk;. gy;yth; kw;Wk; Nrhoh;
fhyj;jpy; Gy;ypjo; FbauR mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ.
 midj;J cs;shl;rp mikg;GfspYk; ngz;fs; gq;Nfw;Fk; tifapy; ,e;jpa muR
33% ,lxJf;fPL toq;fpaJ. Mdhy; jkpo;ehL muR cs;shl;rpj Jiwapy;
ngz;fSf;F 50% ,lxJf;fPl;il 2016 toq;fpaJ.
 cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspy; eilngWk; Kiwf;NfLfis tprhhpf;f jkpo;ehL muR
“cs;shl;rp eLth;kd;wk;” vd;w mikg;ig 2014 y; Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
kd;w eLth; - Nrh.ma;ah;
gjtp fhyk; - 3 Mz;Lfs;