MEd 123 LOGIC & SET THEORY

Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY JPLPC-Malvar
Malvar, Batangas
Tel. Nos.: (043) 778-2170/ (043) 406-0830 loc. 124
Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Lesson 2
Comparability and Set Operations
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. determine whether sets are comparable;
2. define set operations and write them in symbols; and
3. identify elements involving set operations.

COMPARABILITY
Two sets A & B are said to be comparable if A  B or B  A.

SET OF SETS
Elements of a set are set themselves if
A = {a} B = {b} C = {a, b} D = {a, d}
A = {A, B, C, D}
= {{a}, {b}, {a, b}, {a, d}}

SET OPERATIONS

1. Union of Sets
The union of sets A and B is the set of all elements which belong to A or B or both. In
symbol, A  B = {x / x Є A  x Є B}
Example:
A = { 1, 3, 5 } B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } A  B = {1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 8}

2. Intersection of Sets
The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all elements which belong to both A and
B. In symbol, A  B = { x / x Є A  x Є B }
Example:
A = { 0, 1, 3, 5 } B = { 3, 4, 5, 6 } A  B = {3, 5}

3. Difference of Sets
The difference of sets A and B, or A – B, is the set of all elements that belong to A but
not in B. In symbol, A – B = { x / x Є A  x  B }
Example:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4 } B = { 1, 4, 5, 8 } A – B = { 2, 3}
B – A = ( 5, 8}
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MEd 123 LOGIC & SET THEORY

4. Complement of Sets
The complement of set A is the set of all elements found in the universal set but not found in
A. This is denoted by A’. In symbol, A’ = { x / x Є U  x  A }
Example:
U = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 }
A = { 0, 4, 8, 10 } → A’ = {2, 6,12, 14}
B = { 0, 6, 8, 12 } → B’ = {2, 4, 10, 14}

5. Cross Product of Sets

The cross product of sets A and B, denoted by A x B, is the set of ordered pairs (x, y) such
that x  A and y  B. Every element of A is paired with every element of B in that particular order.
Example:
A = {1, 2 } and B = { 3, 4 }

A x B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)}

B x A = {(3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2)}

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Week May 11, 2020  2:00 – 4:00 PM nvmarasigan0414

2 May 15, 2020  1:00 – 2:00 PM