[~ Remember! | Matching headings to short texts | | Remember to read the headlines carefully focusing [on their meanings (some may have hidden meanings as in the case of idioms). Read the texts paying | attention to their overall meanings and match them | to the headline that best represents their meaning, 4 There are fifteen headlines below and ten short news stories. Match the Ineaulintes ty Use irews aturies Unat fil best ‘There are five headlines you do not need. ‘THE SIQ"S THE LIMIT ACCORDING ‘TO AMBITIOUS DEVELOPER 2 COUNCIL REJECTS DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION NEW SCHEME EMPOWERS ‘YOUNG PEOPLE 4 YOUNG NoMADS RUN RISK (OF FALLING FOUL OF LAW ‘ACTION GROUP TAKES A STAND ‘OVER HEALTH & SAFETY 6 UNUSUAL HOUSING BANNED BY GOVERNMENT. MILLENNIALS QUESTIONED AFTER LEGALLY HOUSE SHARING 8 ANOVEL SOLUTION FROM. ‘AN UNLIKELY SOURCE THE HIGH LIFE UNDER THE LENSE 10 SAFETY OF NEW SKYSCRAPER ‘CALLED (NTO DOUBT 1" LAGK OF QUALIFIED TRADESPEDPLE ‘AGROWING PROBLEM 12 POLITICIAN STANDS BY CONTROVERSIAL POLICY 13 COMMUNALLIVING SEES ‘A SUBSTANTIAL RISE 14 ngeipene reeume me equeeze IN MORE WAYS THAN ONE DIY TAKEN To TOTALLY NEW HEIGHTS 16 76 | [AT] Hong Kong has once again made real-estate headlines its pint-sized solutions to the city's housina criss. The ast projct Dy 2 local property developer features micro- housing at ust 11 square metre, residences roughly the size of small ar! With rens starting at 890 USDi month, this ‘dyelopment is anothorcaflation af the growing housing ess Facing, not just Hong Kong but other major metropolises around the world, BJ] ny Ken's seuretany fon sig et ie Has ‘lies forthe continued support of te building and rental of cage homes. Consisting of a aunk bed surrounded bya metal ca these omes service the cts poorest. The secretary standsbebind the territory slong history of miero-hausing ast best way to cope with the surging demand, Community leaders = demrancing an end to this inhumane system. [C1 | with housing costs skyrocketing inthe San Francisco Bay Area, some millnnials are turing to some rather unorthodox housing solutions, Tied of seeing thelr income ‘Usappoar on cont, Heather Stawart and Luke Iseman decided to purchase a shipping container and convert it into a pocket-sized hame on a small garkng lot. Realising ere vere oer like ‘minded incviduale out thor, they stated Goxouse =a ‘community hare people can come and make their own Noms: in these unusual structures, BT_] A young man was arrested in a van parked ina local jpormarkst parking lot ust ater 1 am this morning and taken into custody. Upon investigation poles ciscovered the man had bees living inthe van and atends a local ellage, Van aveling appears tobe onthe rise with esaerate milennials wna sae it 2s 2. more affordable an trer say of living than renting ano traditional options. Care however Is needed, as although nok ilgal, there are ks restricting azenight parking in various Btls areas.| Community build schemes are offering fresh top to people ard provsing new solutions tha ace the 7 iss. By building ners housing themselves, rilleanals sing sera skls ang ads while also increasing 9 options ios charities and young veopl in nees. Those unity homies are often even rented aut tothe same people Pelped Build them! =] The Us Census Breau leased is annual eport on Zsdoy- OF parca ines te significa increase in eqgarrangementsin urban centres secfcly milnnals ‘er tooms in share erg homes and aparrmenls. The Ssence of comma ing oles the ero stared Iving ses ad a sense of community and camaraure between Ss. However, sees to eke sue tha you erent og ilegaly. SL} Most of us have made our own furniture from fat SiS, Dut what it we could ‘it-pack’ our entre homes? TV ty and Architect Kevin McCloud, a major propoent ofthe Home mavamont, encourages milnmials to do exactly nv particular, he focus on ie environmental and “Seeeary pene of smal bul sustsnabfe homes forthe “SSenily, and fo they can bela young paaple desperate to [ont the housing ladder BL] 4 potion demanding mare regulation of Scditracied work on cquncil housing was presented to the savor by oarmuty groups lastnight, Signet ty over 2000 rom srourd London, the peition draws Senllu tothe dangers and sks of cuting oosts on esa work and plumbing and (Gastar mare stringent According 16 resid araups fears over uth te ‘Sxablty of selected eontractors and the qual of work ved cut have bean widely ignored by councils TL] Mesetbow Properios umd pina or hr ast Sion tu a cris of rasidantia skyscrapers into ty eenr= sesteiday. At 20 storeys and with 700 units, the building will es 3 ou baraare fr highse acrommarstion. the “See's wide range of amenities include pools, ays, ret sees ful concierge sre anda Gy cre centre "Our goal nthe baginnig as to prods efordade housing wih a se of commun right the Heart ofthe ety’ expend spoject manage: Jena Hashing “1 wth igi-sise evelopment in urvan centres at anal re high, new book, Vertical Dreams or Mightmares by Vers Monto, nas renevel debate amongst architec, designers, and soli about siyscraner anc apartment blog living. Manta ‘ples the benefits and disadvantages for resides, social ancial and emotona, Risks fom aeridens, social ‘solation 2 depression are all areas exoloted in dota in he nook, Bo * Match the columns to fornt collocations and phrases. (417 reusing 2 ina (ZL monetary Baar [STD sonal ete [EI tkermingea densa [51 hates © centes [| retat Pag [71D] efordable = Shee (EC wee h dation (oem een OL wen i emenses >» rill in: under, of, out, for, on. 1. Protestors insist aan end to further developement in the aver vale. 2 The paitian has come cticlam for his negetive comments on the low income housing project. 3 Community housing in the area Is rented su t0 young tamil, 4 Tho lweury apartments aim to eat a new Lvenchenark urn living, 5 The tower consists fi storeys of rotail space, ao Jo Roplace the word (s) in bold in the sentences with the highlighted words from the text in the correct form, 1. Residents demand changes to government legistation. 2 The mayor hones to deal withthe city's houeing demand by providing more public housing. 3 There are numercus advantages to ving with aroomnmate. 4 Thoreis serious houstig shortage confronting the oty 5 They revealed their new projact at the press canterence, 6 The rents in this area have dramati this past year 7 The community fully backs the new housing evelopment 8 Ine report reopaned discussion over the building of a new subdivision, 8 George is « hig supporter of sustainable living 10 He lives in a rather unusual residence in the mountains, ly risen 7778 th Vocabulary EB * choose the correct item. 1. Tropical rainforests mainly consist in/of trees and vegetation. 2. Charity organisers ate trying to weed ouvaway Ineffective aid schemes, 8 Envronmentalsts are studying how the wodd fs ‘coping about/with tho ofects of climate change. 4 tis hoped that governments will actively invest ‘onvin renewable onergy souress. 5 Now housing develooments are springing ‘on/up dus to the growing urban sprawl. 6 Mostnon-proft organisations have to rely invon public donations for funding 7 Many environmental problems stem off/trom human activities @ Itis predicted that many endangered species \will be wipad out/off in the future, rd, rampant, relentless, receding, 1. Enomy efficient vehicles wil ran on air instead of fual in the future 2. The rich soil in the tropical rainforest is int with weeds and vegetation, 3 The heat of the dessert ccan wreak havoc on existing plant ite 4 Inthe landscape is brown and dusty. 5. Rising sea levels and eT shorelines are inked to global warming, wasteland the EW) ** complete the idioms with: roots, woods, laneiscupe, Heil, wee. 1) She was barking up the wrong .. when she accused my dog of ravaging hor flowers. 2 The scientist had to put down in Antarctica in erdar to study mating ios cape. 3. Tro inttitive has helped to reduce pollution favats but we're not out of the: yet 4 The new power plant is an ugly blot on the § The media hada = day when they Ciscovered the poltcian was getting kickbacks. from the oil company. a ee Fil i oO ‘+ Complete the sentences with a word from the box. ‘= dageneration « dehydration + deciination 1. The ovaruse of pesticides hes caused the rape ‘of nutitent levels in the sel 2. Uncontrolled tourism in the area has led to the of vital ecosystems. 3 Plants that are resilient 10... flourish in arid condittons. + diversification + reparation « reclamation 4 Tho government has agreed to pay coun 6 gfowers who lost the harvest inthe hailstorm, 5 The woodlands will be used for a land project to build new housi settlements. @ The farmer planned the: of his ferops to improve the sustainabilty of his ‘gicultural producticn, idustrial, irreversible, sustainable, severe, ecological, atmospheric, insufficient, detrimental. Oceans at risk ‘Ocean acidification is one of the top environmental issues today. It is a(n) » clisaster as oceans are becoming ‘more acidic due to the increase of carbon dlioxideintheair which ako affects ocean waters, Undeniably, this 2) ron pollution is a tise site Ar prsevoeaiioe fered eo Re from 3) ne activity and transportation 4) enon nnnns Ox¥geN ih QUT OcERNE threaten some large marine animals and poses 5) -.—...~. problems. The high level of acidity In oceans is aso starting to have 6) effects on shellsh and coral reefs and the damage may become?) unless ation is taken immediately: Now is che time to switch 0 renewable energy sources and scare buying 8) cenennneax products in order to reverse the gyele and save our oceans,Topic related vocabulary 7 The Natural World Prepositions a ‘* Choose the correct item. 4 Many species of animals have colourful markings to ward offfagainst predators, 2 Anumbor of people think it should be ileyal 10 experiment withron animals 3 Nature reserves were set up to protect ‘ulnarable animals by/tfeom poaching, 4. We ere heeded for/out « planet wide ecological dleaster uniess we tackle climate change now. 5 The conservation group has been criticises {for/by some of the methoss they employ. Fixed phrases and Idioms 5B) + * Rowrite the sentences replacing the word(s) inhold with a fixed phrase/idiom containing ‘urn or wear and the word in brackets. 1 If 0 are not careful we will lose much of the planers tora and fauna by the end of 2099. (CENTURY) 2. The charity is not looking to earn money, they Just want to raise enoush funds to finance the wth PROT 3 Peoples excuses for nol camnitng to ecycing thelr waste are getting tiresome. (THIN) 4. The company’s recent csaision to donate the year-end profits to an anioval sanctuary was Sirang development. EVENTS| 5 Tho plight oF the red squirrel deteriorated dramatically after the North Amorican grey squirt was introduced in the 719th Century cn Word formation Words often confused a %*% Fill in the correct word, 1. equitibrium/stabatty a Aninterruption in te (ood chain can affect the. 1 of an ecosystem. b The botwean man and animals on th [sland is dependont on ite interterenee from the malniand, 2 arganic/natural ‘a Composting isthe process of breskiny down. ‘material using earthworms, b A voloanie stream is the source of this ‘mineral water. 3 corresion/erasion a The .- of vast numberof the shipwrecks in our oceans poses a severe threat to sea ite. bb The recent landslide was a direct result of soll ‘caused by tree-feling ‘+ Fill in the gaps with a noun formed from the verbs in the list jeopardise + endive + survive + dienypt colonise * evolve When Nature Strikes Back The encroachment of mankind can havea negalve impacto rege ccosystas and place tem in). but ture na way at ‘afeguarcing tS 2) Tough). cade ably toca te natal wrt as ve oo ast nyt siuatons, Te) Sangeet aes daring the srats of shipwrecks ta ie tren on th sabes one ‘xape vic pros the Byer Fue ‘hows tit no mata the level of ** Complete the sentences with words derived from the words in bold. 4 The ws of some indigenous species have made them dificult to study. (ELUDE) 2 The charity... estimated that they Would reach a total oF C100,000 at the auction wren, in realty, they tripled that figure, (CONSERVE) 3 The damage done to the car ly the animals on the safari Was exaggerated when really it only sustained a fey, soratches. (WILD) 4 The Arctic Fox has adapted to the harsh environment (of the tundra Which it (HABIT) CO; emissions have tong Leen eatablished! as a(n) son fF n global warming. (CAUSE) ‘The new security measures that have been put in piace should prevent ain) of the illegal dumping on the site. (OCCUR) ‘Ths species of rose has lac flowers. (STRIKE) The probierne faced by the environment may seein but there always something we .~ byautiful can de. (MOUNT)80 7 Grammar in use Reported Speech 4 Read the news report and complete it using a verb from the list in the correct form, Some verbs can be changed into a noun, ‘abandon * announce * start « receive + react reiterate * do + lack iC Show wittGo Ont Thea loves ete estat atthe news at night Wat testa Kier There vi ss fom darolson. Wen w spake Se ‘he King! ampoin menos Ma Thompson he 2) tr | peisng the oilget eons of hs tenn. With 2 wy sme, fe | | | | | 2) ‘ht nobody expected ther to block the property dcvopors pane cor down he text and how oto people acid stem 3) their ampaign, He ake that despite the orsant reminders by others thatthe campaign 4). resoures, the goup Ha continued the aos to camince the ey oun ofthe stoic significance ofthe tea. Thompson aso made 38) nnn Ma fF SOTO TE NON FOU B) nnn lots of suppor rom a famous actor tals her eors When aed {or 82) 1 he news tat devloers may onpeal He unl decison, Thompson promise that is oun 8) ‘foter it takes to ret this bela testimony to our c's ist. > Find and correct the 1. The letter from the landlord says he would do the Inspection of our apartment the folowing week! akes. 2. He wanted to know what was the decision of the town planners the previous day. 8. Ho asked me should he bring the contacts to the meeting with the developers. 4 The caretaker says he wanted the communal areas to be kept clear at all times. 5. The police aficer asked to me toleave the area immediately due to an emergency. 6 She begged the landlord to not raise her rent. Reporting nouns instead of verbs * Complete the sentences using a noun phrase instead of the verb in bold, 1. She highly recommend buying a home in this area of the city She thoy buy a home inthis area of the city. 2 She threatened to report Luke for destroying public property. Sh again Luks for destroying public propory. 3 He explained the cause of the changing fave Of the high street to the visitors. He for the changing #208 of the high stadt to the Visitors 4 totally dony that | built this extension without the proper planning permission! He building the extension without the proper planning permission. that Special introductory verbs oa ‘4% Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the list in the correct form, ‘boast * insist * admit « inform 4. The parking attendant us thet the lot was full 2 She on presenting har pronosat {or a fountain par to the building committee. 3. The energy secretary about how advanced his city was in the field of ‘sustainability 4. The bullcing manager a 10 no following some ofthe safety reguatons requires bylaw Subjunctive ‘4% Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct subjunctive form. 1 Tretia of ie retails amsuuialion proposes that a meeting eon sw (Mold ater in the month to discuss changas to the high street 2 It is imperative that restrictions on certain vehicles . {enforee) during peak trafic times, 2. HRisnecessary that all volunteers (arrive) 2 halt nour eaty fora bret orientation ‘about the programme. 4 The lanclord insisted that two months’ rent (bay) in advance.o %* Choose the correct item. 1. I'd rather you not attand/haven't attended/ didn't attend/haun't sttended the meeting: it was a waste of time, 2. The environmental protest wes slightiy/barely/ {airly/partially peaceful without any incidonts. 3 IF we leave for dinnor at 7:30, rush nour tatfic finishes/will be finished/will have finished will finish by then 4. Thecily couldn'¥shouldn’'vmustn'tican'thave allowed the factory to open near parklands i's had a terible Impect on the environment, 5. Tha members of the committee regard itsalt/ thomsolves/each other/ourselves as the authority on all historic buildings in the city © 1 aill can't boliove that by this time next month ‘dur evoloyical group will have bean operating Is to be oparating/will be operating/is going ‘to be operating for five years! 40% Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets jos 8 oteat ct. 1) (live) hee or he past 6 Sn | absolutely love. Won | frst moved 1 the ey, however, sess the case, At he ine, | 2) (work) every sta busy resturant. One day the endo my shit hada terible he 25 13}... (ake) orders and dealing with uslomote al night. Unfortunately, | ended up finishing late y the ime | clocked ou, the uneraround 4) 3} running! My oly ction vas to take the ng aus which only me 8) {ast} worse. This rend continued, so sant (decided 6) {walk to mt o get some fit despte it bsing an hour away. That's when | (discover) the quieter site of London. The ety (transform) by the sight, with sleeping pe, aceful parks and shining street lamps. Hed | known sly wondetl the iy ws after dark, 19) (stan) sight alk earl. {now ave a ay ob, but | til appreciate sn (§o) 28 ynighly tls. Giver he past few yeas, S11) nn (¥eaOME) the perectrmedy forthe stress “codon I. lve exploring, an hope tat inthe very near future (see) al ofthis increible city by not! Grammar Revision (Modules4-7) Key word transformations Ey ++ For aestions 15, complet the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to ‘the first sentence, using the word given. ‘You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1 Uncle Peter gets someane to take nis rubish to the recycling centre. TAKEN Uncle Peter . {to the recycling centre. 2 “I do not want my building Inepected by the housing authority” the man said. OBJECTED. ‘The man inepected by the housing authority. 3 Due to a protest in the city centre, thay rescheduled the meeting for next week, PUT Due toa protest in the elly centre, the meeting next wosk. 4. Fiona started her etudles into forestry three years ago. HAS Fiona ‘three years. 2 Italy the city werned the factory to etop ‘dumping waste into the river, WARNING The factory vm Gumping waste info the river, > Grammar in Focus 4% Complete the gaps with the correct word. Then put the words in brackets into the correct form or choose the correct word. ne ‘if we all just read the Sunday newspaper enline 4) casnnnnn Of a finted Copy, a2) (ave) hal a millon roo + Lanafils 9). packaging material that 4) cmon (be) otherwise recycled. + If everyone in the USA recycied just one elluminam can. §}.. sus NOUIK BAe energy equivalent 8) som 80 000 bartele atoll + A plastic grocery bag takes 500-1000 years to ogra. Orly 7) betweenvamong 1 ard 33% ofa plastic waste is recycled. Globally, we throw away 5 tion plastic bags 8). year. 10 96 of plastic waate end 8) nn in the oceans. 10} Unions we continu ike thi, the oceans 11). (contain) more plastic than ish by weight 81Listening skills Sentence completion Jok @ You will hear a Remember! . question. From the three tr sae ikea tacks ea ave eet Tore ocabadaryw Al] answer choices given, choose agapin sentence. tsimportant to nay attention to what appears before | re one that best answers t! and after the gap. You may aso hear 2 number of options in the audio question, that might ft ut ony ane wll complate the eantance rameaticly and | yi nay nave enougn te. lexically. You must write the word(s as they appear inthe audio. | a en B_ Thoy'l decide next weak. © They'll consider thom carol a + (2 You will hear a student, Sophie Reece, giving a 2 A He said he'd call before he short talk about a conservation project. For questions 1-9, arrived complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. B Therally starts at 10 o'clock. © Ho wants to know how wo're Tiesto he pla she est of popes edo mae) gjotting hore. Sophie dos want de th 8.012) 3. A No. don’ thnk need help Theolumeers ler the rap sate). the ean pare tition. Ihe generosity ofthe pubicllons he grup to tke cae ther 4 Bt No rm afraihm bay, tech gph be wong on 3) Imoinng © Nectmnttes a cay, ne gap cbcone ha inthe ay companies conduct 2S ating epee nario theses cn at ov nthe envionment pact. B Itwas just printed Aes the ou Ke, the publishing campary were anes a) 72. (© We could print a prototype. \elunerngo hl the enronmet can pallet one 8) 5 A Yes, they're moving toa bigger Sophie bliewes exegones 9) sv 6106 something posi. office. B Yes, they wanted to be rent free. Understanding questions Yos, they just received a 7 sizeablo donation Preparing for the task is donat 6 A | thought | might conate them Si esney to g0cd wil In listening tasks itis important to understand the function of question 5 es ‘words in order to recoanise what the question relates to. While you listen, remember that native English speakers use contractions such as "What I ‘ya do’ instead of ‘What will you do’ in everyday speech, 7 A ‘Yes, he rarely talks about them. B Yes, he's already managed a ot. © | wear al orsnem a ot a a) + Read the answer choices 1-10 below and match ‘them to the function they refer to (aj). © Yes, he mentioned them repeatedly, Tare. ‘a number A No, he wasn't thirty [21 its scheduled for2 hours. b time B No, he clint ke TST teeeraee tees © duration © No, ho wasa't in his ooo. [41 inthe conference room at City Hal frequency 9 A Sure the group is meeting tis Bo © cost Friday. | & place B Sure, l'm dong gardening this [81_] They put posters up around town people! weaken [7[_] Disouse whet each of us can contibute. person © ‘Sure, and | know the perfect [81_] The mayor. Peo location. [BTC] Tiss only the second time. a 40. A. You have to sort your recycling [10[_] About £500 for the afternoon. pe into diferent bins, B The aitterent coloured bins b) * ©) Listen to questions A-J and match them to the i certs nee iS (© Tre Eun prone op f Thursday morning, 82Convincing; Expressing interest/ uncertainty a) * Read the dialogue. Then use phrases (ef) to complete it. a Fmnot convinced Isthat so © Just think about the best thing shout © I don't think that's interests me, -Sechie: Tho now solar park outside of my town is totaly amazing! Eric: 1) 2? Personally | think all those panels on the ground are an eyesore! ve: Well, using renewable resources is inporlasit for the environment. 2) how these panels convert sunlight directly to ‘reciritly ror the wiioiy ret Eric: v=. | mean, its good that they provide electricity when i's sunny. But do ey work fn cloudy weathe:? Je: OF course, You see 4)... ther is that they can generate power even solra ight is blocked by clouds. Wel, protecting the environment 9 But installing a solar park in my area... 6) . possible at the moment. I'm not sure people in the community would go for it. lace. : Parhaps it's something to consider when we all gt our next electricity bill b) * Which phrases in Ex. 1a convince, express interest/uncertainty? Complete the table. + Choose the correct item. 1 A: Isitworth investing in eneray saving devices? : a Yes, the best thing Is that they cut your ‘eneray bills. b Yes, 'm eure that's possibie. 2 A; I think you should instal solar panets on ‘your root B: a If were you, | would, [cs sumthing Pt consider. 2A Irmiaterested in that green gadgat. B: a Really? b What do you think? Speaking skills re Exchanging views ER) ®) ** Read the questions and the prompts (1-8) about the natural world, Match the prompts to the ideas (A-H). “© How important are each of the following for protecting the natural world? “+ What aro the most effective measures people can take to protect the natural wort”? 1 pesticide reduction 6 create urban green 2 strict enviconmental laws | spaces 3 energy conservation | 7 sold waste reduction 4 environmental actvisin | 8 buy sustatrabte 5 environmental education | products [AIL « supportiocattarmer’s market + purchasavtecycted products» invast/energy- tticient apotiances ereduce/carbon emissions {tn my view/By doina this) [BI] «stopfuse/chemicals «create/safe/coritions/ famvworkers« ensurehealhierfood/orps + benoficiaVussinsect/contalpaet/pepuintion! instead (I nevertheless think thatn particular) [E[_] + prevent/pollution * decrease/energy/ Cconaumption a2oociated/menufacturamow! materials + conserve/space/existing/andfils (The main reason ia/Consequentiy) + pestvay/piutecvemeunint + teach/peopla/issues/impact/planet + come up/solutons improvesnatural works {Looking ott from another point of view! so thal) [EL sbringiscusstight + provests Torey euior stoppin * fear/actvist backlash + prevent/envronmentavcamage {Another important ecvon ie/Thorofars) [FT + improvetcity/areas «plant/moretres/shrubs + remave/polltantsair *provide/shade/lower? lenperaure = Hpiedusiouding (On the other hand/tn fact) + protecthealtivhumansienvironment + pronibits/emssions/pollutants/aumpingy wwaste/vithout osrite + increase/ervitonmentaly friendly technology (foe! thav/As a result) [HI] « recucevamountielacticiy « artontienengy saving habits * reoyce + use/renewable energy + bereliveriwronmenticonserve/nanura resources, {To my mind/As a matter of fact) b) de Expand the idoas in Ex. 3a to form sentences using the useful language phrases bold. 83FA fl Writing Essays (reasons and solutions) Your turn a a) * Read the rubric and underline the key words. Then answer the questions. General introduction Reasons and solutions essays ask for two tasks to be carried out ddscuss the causes ofa particular problem and then propose solutions. The development of ideas throughout the whole essay is important ‘and the causes shoul ve closely related tothe solutions. Pay attention {othe linking of eas and general coherence of the essay as awhole. | (Contemporary Sockly is generating an) | increasing amount ot household waste txsting landfils will soon reach capac if waste production continues at the present rate. In your opinion, what a the two most serious reasons for th phenomenon? How can itbe deat with? Discuss your ideas with examples. Write Your essay (appronmatey 330 ward). “General outline for reasons and solutions essays Para 1 > a clear statement of the topic Para 2. reason 1 & example! explanation Para 3. reason 2 & example’ exelanation Para 4. Solutions Para 5.» restatement of the topic & your opinion a a) * Read the rubric and underline the key words. 1. What type of essay is it? (One of the greatest prebiems faced by humanity today is dealing 2. What question does this nibric with the effects of an unstable and changing dimate, In your ask you to answer? pinion, what are the main reasons behind climate change? What ‘3. Which causes might contrioute can be done to slow cavin or reverse this process? Discuss your to the issue? ideas, with examples. White your essay (approximately 350 wores). 'b) % Read the points (a-f). Are b) * Read the model. Fill in with the correct phrases. they causes or solutions? + One reason * As feras * However + This is ¢ Another solution @ widespread use of plastios ‘Equally * Even though tis high tne * In conclusion 9 hea pone; ras feces available Cima crange sore tthe most pesrg bln te void scent cng Ks irpcsarw bang © EOIN packaging eres syalleic fekavesstne gobo as tempers and eee wearer Deomes te somone aetna aterials serois reesns fr the cetmntng climate: the uring of ss fuk and cefoear, modem consumer Ifestyle 4B) snow mvs MERSIES ele io eos tes often buy less and usa anger 2) {oat change tn bun oft er arson ardindsis, inadequate recycling wich ests Gees big lec ete x hat oneal aig 3). veces ody pede: ee: plans ard he are ware anneal ltr ote 9) Match the ideas (1-6) mssons the number of ves ore ads and aves in operon scons ices, below to the causes or solutions 2B onnnsnnnensn 3 Cat ler 25 cbs of dewoped nis ely 2, ead se G@-inEx sh. then eperd ‘heroes mode forthe burnt ose 8) nusn monn tag te ale ste su of erst Fess ae teh ceset Pee ae ten unpcsteri to ake we opie parson one setanorts Ths 125tY [7] —] gocietyoombarded/adverts! ipacs he cate berause pans and wes no cy ene CO; fo ao creat the ange we PU eeanaeeset beth ita SC hic eset back noth ares wien BeICESS CES. ST) Snaco/ontynovonsio ‘Theoret he vale, and he cesmucion can exces nang end eu. irtisstvoni greet (ce tes of cima tage ae desta, is posse props a runter oso. ause! produotnfathor/optan 8 ~ sl isa canoe neato raearete wef nubie west rome [3]_] notenoughrecyciing/binerit=! the ue of lei ties and ites sires ning ay ens.) pubic participation isn aertinesinghervene aug sch enc an urge: AS for deren, tee’ (4) used/packegina/producte! ‘amingreteds aren perry ge magn eveyone sok he probe ‘manufacturinginever! 8) evn chang camped PBEM, 9) cto bathe decompose sfc cane eetalncs in ede aurtorspotysar, poe sta rdsy gto ST) raiz/awarenese/recycln inestin ewrale rey ecrrloges ars move srt pracies ad est manage es tng mae 2 fw Go ake stestoede lat chasm wr Wl? Oe arctan’ od [51] buy/unpackaged/produce/cer loth bags/chooseynatural ‘matevials/responsibly/producss a ek Use the ideas in Ex, 2b & =) and your own ideas to write the essay.Reading ai! 4c There are ten headlines below and seven short news stories. Match the headlines to the news stories that fit best. There are three headlines you do not need. + TOLLS LAUDED FOR TRANSFORMATIVE POWERS. = PUBLIC TRANSPORT GIVEN A HELPING HAND ‘= AMAZING THINGS DO COME IN SMALL PACKAGES “5 MEW recycling programme Reckents have to sar through = tivir waste separating I nto 34 citterent categortes. Inially, residents had clifeuty adjusting wih the : oft bing ater time-consaring With encouragement from the town's Zero Waste ‘Academy, residents eventually 6)... the programme anc now take pride inthe acheveMents. To rnmennne th ZO WAStS Acadamy has setup composting and a swap shop ‘orthereuseo8... items. Thsis one community working together for a better tomorow! Key word transformations 4% Write a new sentence which is as close to the meaning of the given sentence as possible, the word or phrase given. ‘You may nut change Ure word or phrase in any way. 1 After carrying all the recycling boxes to the centre, | coule barely breathe. BREATH 2 Everyone was apposed to the bullsing of 2 factory along the fiver OUTRIGHT 8 Haney offered to let us stay the right at her beach house wher we tinish the beach cleanup. UP 4. The property developer ciaimes to have no involvement In the: housing scandal. DISTANCED 5. Everyona needs to support this ‘new recycling programme. BEHIND 6 When it comes to the issue oF air pollution, the factory tends to blame everyone else. BUCK 7 Hercaris in very bad condition BETTER DAYS. 8 The organisetion is very rellabie inhandling al ctizen corlints ‘COUNT 9 The volunteer prograrnme was {88 good as | expected. LIVE UP 10 Timis very proud of his conservation work. PRIDEGrammar o * Choose the correct item, 1 w 1" 2 The recycling workshop starls at 8 am but we should bs there by 7:30... for registation, A no later © the later B at the latest D no latest We have not sean any improvement in... of the yo areas we targetod despite our bast efforts. A neither either = both Drone ‘By the time the redevelopment is completed, many focal businesses A haverelocated, © willhave relocated B will wlocaie B may relocate, ‘Trenature reserve contains grasslands and woodland large trash water le ‘A furthermore © besides B moreover D inedeition to The newly developes computer alyorthms wore recommended ..... talc congestion, A toholp citos reduce B for help to reduce cites © innelping recuce cities D tohelping reducing cities ‘The appliances are very energy etficient ‘were produced after 2012, A that is particularly for thom B thom particularly © they are particularly D particularly those ‘The entire community regeneration project wae funded ...... an online erowefunding platform, A throughout =B via @ curing Din “shen wil the reforestation be completed?” “The commissioner said ....- about 5 years.” A they take © ittakes B tobe taking D ityould take The inspectors will be checking the factory’s ‘emissions... waste disposal practicas. A together Bound © alongwith D as wal Consumers are trying to reduce their consumption of parckaginy .... the sevaity of damage to ocean fo caused by plastic waste. A onaccount B given G due D inlight Tne CEO believes the technology ..... at the ‘moment will clean up water pollutants by 70 percent. A bis comeeny deveiops B being ceveloped by his company © is developed by his company D_by hie rompany is being developed ‘The wildifo fund remains dedicated to saving endangered snimals despite... offical funding, A twas losing 6 itslose ot B losing its D ts losses: that eee Vocabulary Ba ‘ Choose the correct item. 1 10 " 2 Uroan planner must... 1 public satsty cones and regulations. A totew © edhore B odcuve D obey Recent ulate data shows the. of tho probletn of global warning, A magritude © weight B tuk D mater Vehicle omissions have risen .... over the past ocade forcing engineers to seek alternative forms. of transpost ane eneray- A accordingly © essentially B acversely D significantly The city council is uncer pressure to designate the land as a nature reserve. A rigorous © drastic B inteneo © harsh ‘The enaray proposal has created a preat deal of au Fgarding ils actual effectivoness. ‘A. controversy © altercation B embroliment D anticipation The mayor... the Kea of turning the city eantre Into @no car zone, A generated © dismissed B discharged D terminated Traffic congestion is... Ir most large cites, A paramount © ostabliste 1B prevalent D conventional “The aniinal rights actvite.... the practices of the focal hunting society. A condemned © condoned B convicted 1 confounded ‘An Increase In industHal pollution could have serious... fr the local enosystom. A. backlash © repercussions B aftermath B outcomes There's growing .... Over the rise of pollution- related diseases in large cities. A concern © rateronce B awareness D regent ‘Tho axtincton of the Javan Rhinocaras is expaated unless crastic measures are taken to save the species. A impulsively © imminentiy B urgently D impertinently “The 1 of volunteering a year abroad seems like ‘an incredible experience, ‘A. outtlook B purpnse © impression D prospect