MUSIC 2ND QUARTER a.

ALFAIA
- Rope-tuned wooden
drum
VOCAL FORMS OF
b. TAROL
AFRICAN MUSIC
- Shallow snare drum
1. MARACATU c. CAIXA-DE-GUERRA
- First surfaced in - War-like snare.
Pernambuco. d. GONGUE
- Metal cowbell that
- Combines the strong provides clanging sound.
rhythms of African e. AGBE
percussion instruments - A gourd shaker covered
with Portuguese by beads.
melodies. f. MINIERO or GANZA
- A metal cylindrical
- MARACATU groups shaker filled with metal
were called “nacoes” shot or small dried seeds
which means nations. “Lagrima fre Nossa
Senhora”

- Nacoes paraded with a

drumming ensemble
numbering up to 100,
accompanied by a
singer, chorus, and
coterie of dancers.

Musical Instruments used in

MARACATU
 2. BLUES
- Was sung by slaves as
they worked the cotton
and vegetable fields.
- Musical form of the late
19th century that has
deep roots in the African
American Communities
(Deep South of the
United States)
- Can communicate
various emotions more
effectively than other
musical forms.
EXAMPLES OF ‘the Blues’
- Early Mornin’
- A House is not a Home
- Billie;s Blues
‘the Blues’ ARTISTS
- Ray Charles
3. SOUL
- Was popular from
1950’s to the 60’s.
- Originated from the
USA and combines
elements from African-
american gospel, R&B,
and often Jazz.
- Accompanied by
handclaps and
extemporaneous body
movements.
- Includes ‘call and
response’
ARTISTS from ‘soul’
- Ray Charles
- Clyde McPhatter
- Hank Ballard
- Etta James
- Little Richard
 Inspired Otis Redding
- James Brown
 ‘Godfather of Soul’
- Sam Cooke and Jackie
Wilson
 ‘Soul Forefathers’
MUSIC EXAMPLES
- Ain’t No Mountain High
Enough,
 - Ben, 5. CALL AND RESPONSE
- Golly, Wow, -this method is a succession
- Soul to Soul, of two distinct musical
- All I Could Do is Cry phrases.
4. SPIRITUAL
- Became an outlet to vent
- Like the question-and-
loneliness and anger.
answer sequence.

- The term ‘spiritual’ is

- Forms a strong
associated with a deeply
resemblance to the verse
religious person person.
chorus.
- Refers to a Negros
spiritual, a song form EXAMPLES.
African migrants in - Mannish Boy
America.  Muddy Waters
- School Day-Ring, Ring
- The texts are mainly
Goes the Bell
religious.
 Chuck Berry

- Negro Accents

EXAMPLES.

- We are Climbing Jacob’s

Ladder
- Oh My Soul
- When the Saints Go
Marching In
- Peace Be Still
LATIN MUSIC INSPIRED BY
AFRICAN MUSIC
AFRICAN MUSIC
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
TRADITIONAL AFRICAN
INSTRUMENTS
- African music has a
wide range of genres.
- It includes all the major
instrumental genres of
western music including
strings, winds and
percussion, along with a
tremendous variety of
specific African musical
instrument for solo or
ensemble playing.
FIVE CLASSIFICATIONS
a. Idiophones
b. Membranophones
c. Lamellaphones
d. Chordophones
e. Aerophones
IDIOPHONES
1. Balafon
- West African xylophone.
- A pitched percussion
instrument, with bars
made from logs or
bamboo.
2. Rattles
- Are made of seashells,
tin, basketry, animal
hoofs, horn, wood, metal
balls, cocoons, palm
kernels, or tortoise
shells.
- Joined or suspended in
such a way that they hit
each other.
3. Agogo
-is a single bell or multiple
bells, that had its origin in
Yoruba music.
- called the “the oldest
samba instrument, based on
West African Yoruba single
or double bells”.
- highest pitch of all bateria
instruments.
4. Atingting Kon
-Slit gongs used to
communicate between
villages.
- resembled ancestors
- A series of gong
“languages” were
composed of beats and
pauses, making it possible
 to send highly specific 7. Shekere
messages. - Is a type of gourd and
5. Slit Drum shell megaphone from West
Africa.
- A hollow percussion
instrument. - Consists of a dried gourd,
with beads woven into a net
- Carved or constructed
covering the gourd.
from Bamboo or Wood,
into a box.

- Have one slit or two to 8. Rasp

three. -or a scraper
- the holes are cut into an H - it is a hand instrument
shape
whose sound in produced
6. Djembe by scraping.
- pronounced (zhem-bay)

- one of the best known MEMBRANOPHONES

African drums. -drums
- Shaped like a large - vibrating animal
goblet.
membranes.
- Played with hands or
sticks, or maybe both. - Examples of these are
- Sometimes held under found in the different
the armpit or with a localities
sling. a. Entenga: Ganda
b. Dundun: Yoruba
c. Atumpan: Akan
d. Ngoma: Shona
 1. Body Percussion - Also known as mbira,
- Africans frequently use karimba, kisaanj, and
their bodies as likembe.
instruments.
- Aside from their voices,
1. Mbira (hand or thumb
many of them are superb
piano)
singers.

2. Talking Drum - Used throughout the

- Is used to send
messages.
- Announce births, deaths,
marriages, sporting
events, dances,
initiations, or war.
- May contain gossip of
Jokes.
- Can carry direct
messages to the spirits.
continent.
- Consists of a wooden
board with attached
staggered metal tines and
resonator for volume.
- Played by holding the
instruments in the hands,
and plucking the tines
with the thumbs.

CHORDOPHONES
LAMELLAPHONE
- Produce sounds from the
- One of the most popular vibrations of strings.
African percussion
instruments.
- A set of plucked
tongues, or keys on a
soundboard.