ELEMENTS OF

COMMUNICATION
Communication is
divided into elements
which help us better
understand its
mechanics or process.
 PRESENTATION TITLE

Elements of
Communication
1. Speaker – the source of
information or message
2. Message – the
information, ideas, or
thoughts conveyed by
the speaker in words or
in actions.
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 PRESENTATION TITLE

Elements of
Communication
3. Encoding – the process of
converting the message into
words, actions, or other forms
that the speaker understands.
4. Channel – the medium or the
means, such as personal or
non-personal, verbal or
nonverbal, in which the
decoded message is conveyed.
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 PRESENTATION TITLE

Elements of
Communication
5. Decoding – the process of
interpreting the encoded
message of the speaker by
the receiver.
6. Receiver – the recipient of
the message, or someone
who decodes the message.
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 PRESENTATION TITLE

Elements of
Communication
7. Feedback – the reactions,
responses, or information
provided by the receiver.
8. Context – the environment
where the communication takes
place.
9. Barrier – the factors that affect
the flow of communication.
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 Process of
Example
Communication

Daphne loves Rico, her suitor,

The speaker generates an idea.
as a friend.

The speaker encodes an idea

She thinks of how to tell him
or converts the idea into words
using their native language.
or actions.

The speaker transmits or sends She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita
out a message. bilang kaibigan.”
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 Process of
Example
Communication

The receiver gets the message. Rico hears what Daphne says.

He tries to analyze what she means

The receiver decodes or interprets
based on the content and their
the message based on the context.
relationship, and he is heartbroken.

The receiver sends or provides He frowns and does not say

feedback. something, because he is in pain.
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 MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Shannon-
Weaver Model
(1949)
• Mother of all
communication models.
• Linear or one-way
process.
• Five elements:
-source (producer of the
message)
-transmitter (encoder of
message into signals)
-channel (signals adapted
for transmission)
-receiver (decoder of
message from the signal)
-destination
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Transaction
Model
• Two-way process with
the inclusion of feedback
as one element.
• The model is more
interactive.
• There is a collaborative
exchange of messages
between communicators
in aim of understanding
each other.
• A barrier may interfere
with the flow of
communication.

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Schramm
Model (1954)
• Modified version of
Shannon-Weaver
Model.

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 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
Control
Communication functions to control behavior.

Uses of communication
• regulate the nature and amount of activities
humans engage in

Examples: doctor’s prescriptions, parents’

instructions to their children, scolding,
employers’ orders to employees, customer’s
making orders, and many more.
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Social Interaction
Communication allows individuals to interact with others

Human beings develop and maintain bonds, intimacy, relations,

and associations.

Examples: pick-up lines, invitations, greetings, appreciation,

encouragement, marriage proposal, game plans, etc.

Example Expression
- Let’s be friends.
- Will you marry me?
- Be my group partner.
- I like you.
- Hello! 14
Motivation
Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.

Motivation as a function refers to a person using language to express desires,

needs, wants, likes and dislikes, inclinations, choices, and aspirations.

Examples: expressing one’s ambitions, ordering in a fast food restaurant, asking

for milk, making petitions, picketing, etc.

Example Expressions:
- I need…
- I want…
- Give me…
- I dream of…
- I like…
- We pray for… 15
Emotional Expression
Communication facilitates people’s expressions of their feelings and
emotions.

Emotions are a central part of who we are.

- Humans need to let the emotions out otherwise they harm our well-
being.
- Emotional expression through language can come in the form of
interjection and exclamation.

Emotional Expressions
- Yes!
- Damn this pandemic!
- Oh no!
- Ouch!
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Information Dissemination
Communication functions to convey information.

Communication can be used for giving and

getting information.
- Giving of information (statement of facts)
- Getting information (asking questions)

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ACTIVITY
Identify the function of
communication in each
of the following
situations. Write your
answers on your activity
notebook.
Identify the function of communication in
each of the following situations. Write
your answers on your activity notebook.
1. The teacher reads and discusses classroom
policies to her students.
2. Ross greets Rachel; then they start talking
about their plans for the holidays.
3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live
peacefully despite a complicated life.
4. Monica shares her personal frustrations with
Chandler.
5. The geometry teacher lectures about
mathematical concepts.
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Identify the function of communication in
each of the following situations. Write
your answers on your activity notebook.
6. Sheila delivers her valedictory speech.
7. The President delivers his last State of the
Nation Address.
8. A television personality thanks the
supportive moviegoers during an interview.
9. The city mayor presents her strategies to
execute the plans in a public forum.
10. A tourist guide orients a group of tourists
about a heritage site.
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 FEATURES OF AN
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Broom, Cutlip, and Center (2012)
Completeness
• Complete communication is essential to the quality
of the communication process in general. Hence,
communication should include everything that the
receiver needs to hear him/her to respond, react, or
evaluate properly.

Conciseness
• Conciseness does not mean keeping the message
short, but making it direct or straight to the point.
Insignificant or redundant information should be
eliminated from the communication that will be sent
to the recipient. 22
Consideration
• To be effective, the speaker should always consider
relevant information about his/her receiver such as
mood, background, race, preference, education,
status and needs, among others. By doing so,
he/she can easily build rapport with the audience.

Concreteness
• Effective communication happens when the
message is concrete and supported by facts, figures,
and real-life examples and situations. In this case,
the receiver is more connected to the message
conveyed. 23
Courtesy
• The speaker shows courtesy in communication by
respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of his/her
receivers. Being courteous at all times creates a
positive impact on the audience.

Clearness
• Clearness in communication implies the use of
simple and specific words t express ideas. It is also
achieved when the speaker focuses only on a single
objective in his/her speech so as not to confuse the
audience.
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Correctness
• Correctness in grammar eliminates negative
impact on the audience and increases the
credibility and effectiveness of the message.

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 BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
 Use of Lack of
jargon confidence

Emotional Noisy
barriers environment
Barriers to
Communication

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