PRECALCULUS

Grade 11
 OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session, students will be

able to:

•Define a hyperbola
•Determine the center, foci, vertices,
endpoints of the conjugate axis and
asymptotes of the hyperbola
•Sketch the graph of a hyperbola with
center at the origin
 The Hyperbola

Hyperbola – a set of points

in a plane whose
difference of the distances
from two fixed points is a
constant.
Activity 1. Distance and Difference
 The Hyperbola
Hyperbola – a set of points in a plane whose difference of the
distances from two fixed points is a constant.
𝑑 𝐹1 , 𝑃 − 𝑑 𝐹2 , 𝑃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = ±2𝑎

Q•

𝑑 𝐹1 , 𝑄 − 𝑑 𝐹2 , 𝑄 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = ±2𝑎
 The Hyperbola
Center – the midpoint of the line segment between the two foci.

Foci – the two fixed points, 𝐹1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 , whose difference of the distances
from a single point on the hyperbola is a constant.
Center
Transverse axis – the line that contains
the foci and goes through the center of
the hyperbola.
Vertices – the two points of intersection
of the hyperbola and the transverse axis,
𝑉1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2 . •

Conjugate axis – the line that is perpendicular

to the transverse axis and goes through the
center of the hyperbola.
Conjugate axis
 The Hyperbola
Ends of Conjugate Axis – denoted by W1 and W2. Each endpoint of
conjugate axis is b units from the center.

Asymptotes – Two lines passing through

the center which serve as a guide in Center
graphing the hyperbola: Each branch of
the hyperbola gets closer and closer to
the asymptotes, in the direction towards
which the branch extends.
•
Auxiliary Rectangle – has sides 2a and
2b with its diagonals intersecting at the
center C. Two sides are congruent and
parallel to the transverse axis. The other
two sides are congruent and parallel to Conjugate axis
the conjugate axis.
The Hyperbola
The Hyperbola
The Hyperbola
 The Hyperbola

(−𝑏, 0) (𝑏, 0)
Graph: x2 – y2 =1
4 9

Center: (0, 0)
The x-term comes first in the subtraction so
this is a horizontal hyperbola

From the center locate the points that are two

spaces to the right and two spaces to the left

From the center locate the points that are up

three spaces and down three spaces

Draw a dotted rectangle through the four

points you have found.
Draw the asymptotes as dotted lines that
pass diagonally through the rectangle. c2 = 9 + 4 = 13
Draw the hyperbola. c = 13 = 3.61

Vertices: (2, 0) and (-2, 0) Foci: (3.61, 0) and (-3.61, 0)

 The Hyperbola
Identify the direction of opening, the coordinates of the center, the
vertices, and the foci. Find the equations of the asymptotes and sketch
the graph.
𝑥2 𝑦2 •
− =1 Center: (0,0)
16 9 • • • •
Vertices of transverse axis: •
𝑎2 = 16 𝑎 = ±4 −4,0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4,0)
Ends of conjugate Axis
Equations of the Asymptotes
𝑏2 = 9 𝑏 = ±3 0,3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, −3)
𝑏
Foci 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑎
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 9 = 𝑐 2 − 16 3
𝑐 = ±5 𝑦 − 0 = ± (𝑥 − 0)
𝑐 2 = 25 4
3
−5,0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5,0) 𝑦=± 𝑥
4
 The Hyperbola
Identify the direction of opening, the coordinates of the center, the
vertices, and the foci. Find the equations of the asymptotes and sketch
the graph.
•
𝑦2 𝑥2 •
− =1 Center: (0,0)
4 16 • •
Vertices of transverse axis: •

𝑎2 = 4 𝑎 = ±2 0, −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,2) •

Ends of Conjugate Axis

Equations of the Asymptotes
𝑏 2 = 16 𝑏 = ±4 −4,0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4,0) 𝑎
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 16 = 𝑐 2 − 4 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑏
Foci 2
𝑦 − 0 = ± (𝑥 − 0)
𝑐 2 = 20 𝑐 = ±2 5 4
1
0, −2 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,2 5) 𝑦=± 𝑥
2
 The Hyperbola – YOUR TURN!!!!
Identify the direction of opening, the coordinates of the center, the
vertices, ends of the conjugate axis and the foci. Find the equations of
the asymptotes and sketch the graph.
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
− =𝟏 𝟔𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟔
The Hyperbola
 The Hyperbola
A hyperbola has a focus at (−4,0) and vertices at −4,4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−4,2).
What is its equation? Graph the hyperbola.
•
−4 + (−4) 4 + 2
Center: , (−4,3) •
2 2 • •
•
𝑎 =4−3=1 𝑎2 = 1 •
Find b: 𝑐 = 3 − 0 = 3 𝑐2 = 9
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 𝑏2 = 9 − 1 = 8 𝑏 = ±2 2
−4 − 2 2, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−4 + 2 2, 0)
Equation of the Hyperbola
−6.83,3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−1.17,3) (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2
2 − 2 =1
𝑎 𝑏
(𝑦 − 3)2 (𝑥 + 4)2
− =1
1 8
 Section 7.4 – The Hyperbola
A hyperbola has a focus at (−4,0) and vertices at −4,4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−4,2).
What is its equation? Graph the hyperbola.
•
Equations of the Asymptotes
•
Center: (−4,3) • •
•
𝑎=1 𝑏 = ±2 2 •
𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑏
1 2
𝑦−3=± (𝑥 + 4) 2
𝑦−3=± (𝑥 + 4) 𝑦−3=± (𝑥 + 4)
2 2 4 4
2
2 2 𝑦=− 𝑥+4 +3
𝑦−3=± (𝑥 + 4) 𝑦= 𝑥+4 +3 4
4 4
2 2
𝑦= 𝑥+ 2+3 𝑦=− 𝑥− 2+3
4 4
 The Hyperbola
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 = 399
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 − 4(𝑥 2 + 18𝑥) = 399
10 2 18
= 5 5 = 25 =9 92 = 81
2 2
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25 − 4(𝑥 2 +18𝑥 + 81) = 399 + 25 − 324
(𝑦 + 5)2 −4(𝑥 + 9)2 = 100
(𝑦 + 5)2 4(𝑥 + 9)2
− =1
100 100
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2
− =1 Opening
100 25
up/down
 The Hyperbola
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2 Foci:
− =1
100 25 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 25 = 𝑐 2 − 100
Center: (−9, −5) 𝑐 2 = 125 𝑐 = 125 = 5 5

Vertices: −9, −5 − 5 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9, −5 + 5 5)

−9, −16.18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9,6.18)
𝑎2 = 100 𝑎 = 10
−9, −5 − 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9, −5 + 10)
−9, −15 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9,5)
 The Hyperbola
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2
− =1
100 25
Equations of the Asymptotes
Center: (−9, −5) 𝑦 =2 𝑥+9 −5
𝑎 = 10 𝑏=5 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 18 − 5
𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 13
𝑏
10 𝑦 = −2 𝑥 + 9 − 5
𝑦 − (−5) = ± (𝑥 − (−9))
5 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 18 − 5
𝑦 + 5 = ±2 (𝑥 + 9)
𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 23