1. Find the value of tan 195° in surd form.

2. Find the value of sin 165° in surd form.

3. Simplify sin( x − 2 y) cos y + cos(x − 2 y) sin y.
4. Simplify cos(x + y) cos 2 x + sin( x + y) sin 2 x.
5. If tan( A + B) = − 3 and tan A = −1 , find the value of tan B in surd form.
12 3 π 3π
6. It is given that sin α = and sin β = − , where 0 < α < and π < β < . Find the value of
13 5 2 2
tan(α − β).
5 4 π π
7. It is given that sin α = and sin β = , where 0 < α < and < β < π . Find the value of
13 5 2 2
sec(α + β).
1 4
and cos B = . Find the value of cot( A + B).
8. It is given that A and B are acute angles, tan A =
4 5
4 5
9. It is given that A and B are obtuse angles, sin A = and cos B = − . Find the value of
5 13
csc( A − B).
3 16
10. If A and B are obtuse angles, sin A = and cos( A + B ) = − , find the value of cos B .
5 65
1 1 1 1
11. If A, B, C and D are acute angles, tan A = , tan B = , tan C = and tan D = , find the value
2 4 5 8
of tan( A + B + C + D) without using a calculator.
12. Prove that cos( A + B) cos A + sin( A + B) sin A − cos B = 0.
π π 4 sin θ cos θ
13. Prove that tan(θ + ) + tan(θ − ) = .
4 4 cos2 θ − sin 2 θ
cos( A − B) − cos( A + B)
14. Prove that = tan A tan B.
cos( A − B) + cos( A + B)
cos( A + B) + cos( A − B)
15. Prove that = − cot B.
sin( A − B) − sin( A + B)

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16. If 2 cos( A − B) = 3 cos( A + B), prove that 5 tan A = cot B .
17. It is given that sin A + cos B = m and sin B − cos A = n . Express sin( A − B) in terms of m and n.
18. If (tan α − 3 )(tan β − 3 ) = 4, where α and β are acute angles, find α + β .
sin A
19. If A + 2B = 180° , prove that tan B = .
1 − cos A
20. Let α − β = 45°.
(a) Express tan α in terms of tan β.
(b) Prove that (tan α + 1)(tan β − 1) = −2.
(c) Hence prove that tan 75° = 2 + 3.
21. If A + B + C = 180° , prove that sin 2 A = cos2 B + cos2 C + 2 cos A cos B cos C.
A B B C C A
22. If A + B + C = 180° , prove that tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1.
2 2 2 2 2 2
23. Given that A + B + C = 90° , prove that sin 2 B − sin 2 C = cos A sin( B − C ).
24. Prove that sin( A + B) cos C − sin( A + C) cos B = sin(B − C) cos A.
25. (a) Show that cot A − cot 2 A = csc 2 A .
(b) Hence prove that cot θ − cot 8θ = csc 2θ + csc 4θ + csc 8θ .
1
26. Solve the equation cos 3θ cos θ − sin 3θ sin θ = for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π .
2
1
27. Solve the equation sin 6θ cos 4θ − cos 6θ sin 4θ = for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π .
2
π 2π
28. Solve the equation sin( x + ) + sin( x + ) = 3 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
3 3
π π
29. Let sin( x + α) = 3 cos(x − α), where − <α< .
2 2
3 − tan α
(a) Prove that tan x = .
1 − 3 tan α
π π
(b) Hence solve the equation sin( x + ) = 3 cos( x − ) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
4 4
π π 6+ 2 π
30. (a) Show that sin( x + ) + cos( x − ) = ( ) sin( x + ).
3 3 2 4
π π
(b) Hence find the maximum and minimum values of sin( x + ) + cos( x − ) .
3 3
31. It is given that tan A and tan B are two distinct real roots of the quadratic equation
2x2 − 6x + 3 = 0 in x. Find the value of tan( A + B).

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 ⎧⎪tan 2 A + 4 tan A − 2 = 0
32. It is given that tan A ≠ tan B and ⎨ , where A is an obtuse angle and B is
⎪⎩tan 2 B + 4 tan B − 2 = 0
an acute angle.
(a) Find the value of tan A − tan B .
(b) Find the value of tan( A − B) .
(c) Find the values of sec(A − B) and csc(A − B).
(Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)

33. In the figure, CD and BE are the altitudes of ΔABC. BD = 1 , CD = 9 , BE = 5 2 and

π
CE = 4 2 . ∠EBC = α and ∠BCD = β . Prove that α + β = .
4
A

D
α
B β C

5
34. If cos x = , find the value of cos 2 x .
12
2 3π
35. If sin θ = − , where π < θ < , find the value of sin 2θ .
5 2
36. If cos θ − sin θ = 2 , find the value of sin 2θ .
37. Prove that cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ.
3 tan θ − tan 3 θ
38. Prove that tan 3θ = .
1 − 3 tan 2 θ
1
39. Prove that cot 2 A cos A + sin A = csc A.
2
1 + cos 4 A
40. Prove that = sin 2 A cos 2 A.
cot A − tan A

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 3π 3π
41. Prove that cot(θ + ) + cot(θ − ) = −2 tan 2θ .
4 4
cos 3θ sin 3θ
42. Prove that + = 2 cot 2θ.
sin θ cos θ
sin 5θ cos 5θ
43. Prove that + = 2 csc 2θ − 4 sin 2θ .
cos θ sin θ
1 − 2 sin 2 x 1 − tan x
44. Prove that = .
1 + sin 2 x 1 + tan x
2(sin 4 x − cos 4 x − 2)
45. Simplify .
2 + cos 2 x
sin A sin A
46. Simplify − .
sin A + cos A sin A − cos A
47. Find the value of cos 22.5° without using a calculator. (Leave your answer in surd form.)

cos 2 A − cos 2 B
48. Prove that cos 2 A = , where A, B and C are the interior angles of ΔABC, and
cos 2 A + cos 2 B
π
C= .
2
49. (a) Show that 1 − cos 2θ = tan 2 θ(1 + cos 2θ).
π
(b) Hence, find the value of tan in surd form.
12
cot 2 θ − 1
50. (a) Show that cot 2θ = .
2 cot θ
π
(b) By using the result in (a), find the value of cot in surd form.
8
1 + sin 2 A + cos 2 A
51. (a) Show that cot A = .
1 + sin 2 A − cos 2 A
(b) Hence find the value of tan 67.5° in surd form.
sin 7θ cos 7θ
52. (a) Show that + = 8 cos 2θ cos 4θ.
sin θ cos θ
π π
(b) Show that cot 2 − 2 3 cot − 1 = 0.
12 12
π
(c) Hence find the value of cot in surd form.
12
53. (a) Show that 8 sin 4 θ = cos 4θ − 4 cos 2θ + 3.
(b) Hence find the value of 16 sin 4 80° + 4 cos 60° − 2 cos 40° − 8 cos 20°.

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 3
54. Solve the equation (sin x + cos x) 2 = for 0 ≤ x < 2π .
2
55. Solve the equation 2 cos2 x + cos 2x − 2 = 0 for 0 ≤ x < 2π .
56. Solve the equation (cos x − sin x) 2 = sin x cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . (Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures.)
57. Solve the equation cos 4 x − sin 2 x = 0 for 0 ≤ x < 2π .
58. Solve the equation sin 4 2x − cos4 2x = cos 4x + 1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
59. (a) Show that cot θ − tan θ = 2 cot 2θ .
(b) Hence solve the equation (cot θ − tan θ) 2 = 4 for 0 < θ < π .
sin 5θ cos 5θ π
60. (a) Show that − = 4 cos 2θ for 0 < θ < π and θ ≠ .
sin θ cos θ 2
sin 5θ cos 5θ π
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation − = 2 for 0 < θ < π and θ ≠ .
sin θ cos θ 2
4 4
61. (a) Express sin x + cos x in terms of cos 2 x .
(b) Hence find the maximum and minimum values of sin 4 x + cos4 x.
62. (a) Express sin 6 x + cos6 x in terms of cos 2 x .
(b) Hence find the maximum and minimum values of sin 6 x + cos6 x.
cos x − csc x 4
63. (a) Show that =1− .
cos x + csc x sin 2 x + 2
cos x − csc x
(b) Hence find the maximum and minimum values of .
cos x + csc x
1 − cos 2θ
64. (a) Show that tan 2 θ = .
1 + cos 2θ
π 3π
(b) Find the quadratic equation in x with roots tan 2 and tan 2 .
8 8
65. Use mathematical induction to prove that for all positive integers n,
n
∏ sec 2r x = 2n sin 2 x csc 2n +1 x where sin 2n x ≠ 0 and cos 2n x ≠ 0.
r =1

66. (a) Show that sin 3θ = 3sin θ − 4 sin 3 θ.

(b) Hence find the three roots of 1 + 6x − 8x3 = 0. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant
figures.)
[ Hint: Consider π ≤ θ ≤ 3π . ]
2 2

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67. (a) Show that cos 4θ = 8 cos4 θ − 8 cos2 θ + 1.
(b) According to (a), show that cos15° is a root of 16x4 − 16x2 + 1 = 0.
(c) Hence, or otherwise, express cos15° in surd form.

68. Use mathematical induction to prove that for all positive integers n,
1 1 1 1
+ 2
+ 3
+!+ n
= cot x − cot 2n x where sin 2n x ≠ 0 .
sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x
69. (a) Use mathematical induction to prove that for all positive integers n,
sin 2n x
cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x ! cos 2 n −1 x = where sin x ≠ 0 .
2 n sin x
π 2π 4π 64π
(b) Hence, find the value of cos cos cos ! cos .
3 3 3 3

sin 100° + sin 20°

70. Find the value of without using a calculator. (Leave your answer in surd form.)
cos 100° + cos 20°
sin 45° − sin 15°
71. Find the value of without using a calculator. (Leave your answer in surd
cos 45° − cos 15°
form.)
72. Find the value of cos 10° + cos 130° + cos 250° without using a calculator.
73. Express sin 15° cos 45° as the sum or difference of sines. Hence find the value of sin15°.
(Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)
2 8
74. If cos( A + B ) = and cos( A − B) = , find the value of tan A tan B .
9 9
π 2π 3π 4π 1 π
75. Prove that sin − sin − sin + sin = − tan without using a calculator.
9 9 9 9 2 9
2 sin 2 B
76. Prove that tan( A + B) − tan( A − B) = .
cos 2 A + cos 2 B
77. Prove that sin 2 2 A + sin 2 2 B = 1 − cos 2( A + B) cos 2( A − B).
78. Prove that sin 2 A + cos 4 A + sin 6 A + cos8 A + sin 10 A + cos12 A = (2 cos 4 A + 1)(sin 6 A + cos8 A).
3θ 9θ θ
79. Prove that (2 cos 4θ + 2 cos 3θ + 2 cos 2θ + 2 cos θ + 1) sin = sin (4 cos 2 − 1).
2 2 2

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 cos 7θ − cos 5θ + cos 3θ − cos θ
80. Prove that = − tan 4θ.
sin 7θ − sin 5θ + sin 3θ − sin θ
81. Prove that sin(− A + B + C) + sin( A − B + C) + sin( A + B − C) = sin( A + B + C) + 4 sin A sin B sin C.

82. (a) Show that sin( A + B) sin( A − B) = sin 2 A − sin 2 B.

(b) By using the result in (a), express sin 2 kx − sin 2 ( k − 1) x as the product of sines.

83. (a) Show that cos( A + B ) cos( A − B ) = cos 2 A − sin 2 B.

(b) Hence find the value of cos2 45° − sin 2 15° without using a calculator. (Leave your answer
in surd form.)
84. (a) Show that cos3 2θ = cos3θ cos3 θ + sin 3θ sin 3 θ.
π π
(b) Hence, by using the formula a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 − ab + b 2 ), find the value of cos + sin
12 12
without using a calculator. (Leave your answer in surd form.)
85. It is given that α and β are two acute angles which satisfy the equation 12sin 2 θ − 7 sin θ + 1 = 0.
(a) Find the values of sin α + sin β and sin αsin β .
(b) Find the value of cos(α + β) cos(α − β) without solving the equation.
86. (a) Express sin x sin 3 x as the sum or difference of cosines.
1
(b) Hence solve sin x sin 3 x = for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
2
87. Solve the equation sin 5 x + sin 3 x = sin 4 x for 0 ≤ x < π .
88. Solve the equation sin 2 x = cos(3x − 40°) for 0° ≤ x ≤ 180° .
89. Solve the equation sin 7θ − sin θ = cos 4θ for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 180° .
90. (a) Show that cos θ + cos 3θ + cos 5θ + cos 7θ = 4 cos θ cos 2θ cos 4θ .
π
(b) Solve the equation cos θ + cos 3θ + cos 5θ + cos 7θ = 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤
.
2
π π
91. Find the maximum and minimum values of y = sin(4 x − ) sin(4 x + ).
12 6
π π
92. It is given that y = cos( 2 x − ) cos( 2 x + ).
12 6
π
(a) If y = A cos( 4 x + ) + B, where A and B are constants, find the values of A and B.
12
(b) Find the maximum and minimum values of y.
5π
93. If x + y = , find the maximum and minimum values of cos x cos y .
6

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 π π
94. Let y = −2 csc2 ( x − ) sec2 ( x + ).
6 3
8
(a) Show that y = − .
[sin(2 x + π6 ) − 1]2

(b) Hence find the maximum value of y.

A B C
95. If A + B + C = π , prove that cos A + cos B − cos C = 4 cos cos sin − 1.
2 2 2
96. If A + B + C = π , prove that sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 2 cos A cos B cosC + 2.
97. It is given that A, B and C are the interior angles of ΔABC. Prove that
3A 3B 3C
sin 3 A + sin 3B + sin 3C = − 4 cos cos cos .
2 2 2
98. It is given that A, B and C are the interior angles of ΔABC. Prove that
sin C sin( A − B) + sin B sin(C − A) + sin A sin(B − C) = 0.
99. It is given that X, Y and Z are the interior angles of ΔXYZ. Prove that
sin( X + Y + Z ) + sin( X + Y − Z ) + sin( X − Y + Z ) + sin(− X + Y + Z )
= tan X tan Y tan Z .
cos( X + Y + Z ) + cos( X + Y − Z ) + cos( X − Y + Z ) + cos( − X + Y + Z )
π 2π 3π 4π 1
100. Prove that cos − cos + cos − cos = without using a calculator.
9 9 9 9 2
101. ABC is a triangle, where AB = c , BC = a and CA = b. Let ∠A = A , ∠B = B and ∠C = C .
A

c b

B a C

(a) If sin( A − B) + sin(B − C) + sin(C − A) = 0, show that ΔABC is an isosceles triangle.

(b) If b = c = 2a , calculate the size of each angle of the triangle. (Express your answers in
degrees and correct to 3 significant figures.)

102. It is given that A, B and C are three interior angles of ΔABC, where 2 cos A + cos 2 B + cos 2C = 0 .
Joey thinks that ΔABC should be an isosceles triangle with B = C . Do your agree with her?
Explain briefly.

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103. It is given that A, B, C and D are four interior angles of quadrilateral ABCD.
A D

B C
A+ B A+C A+ D
(a) Show that cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = −4 cos cos cos .
2 2 2
(b) Sam thinks that if cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0 , then ABCD should be a trapezium or a
cyclic quadrilateral. Do you agree with him? Explain briefly.

104. Use mathematical induction to prove that for all positive integers n,
1 − cos 4nx
cos x − cos 3x + cos 5 x − cos 7 x + ! + cos( 4n − 3) x − cos( 4n − 1) x = where cos x ≠ 0 .
2 cos x
105. (a) Use mathematical induction to prove that for all positive integers n,
sin 2x + (−1) n +1 sin(n + 12 ) x x
sin x − sin 2 x + sin 3x + ! + (−1) n +1 sin nx = x
where cos ≠ 0 .
2 cos 2 2
10π 11π 12π 33π 2π
(b) Hence prove that − sin + sin − sin + ! + sin = sin .
7 7 7 7 7

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