Ministry of Primary and

Secondary Education

Dada Nerurimi RwaAmai

Danho II
Volume 2
Bhuku Revadzidzi

Lifelong and
Continuing Education
2020
MUSUMO
Vadzidzi vazhinji vanonetsekana chose kana vafunga zvokuenda kuchikoro
nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisa nguva, mabasa, kushaya
zvikwanisiro uyevo kugara munzvimbo dzisina zvikoro. Panguva yose yapfuura
kunyange zvazvo hurumende yanga ichibvumira kuti vanhu vadzidze vasiri
muzvikoro panga pasina hurongwa hwakadzama maererano nokubatsirwa
kwevadzidzi ava kuwana zvikwanisiro zvokudzidza. Padanho rino Bazi rezvedzidzo
rakazvipira kuwanisa vadzidzi ava magwaro avanogona kudzidza nawo vari pose
zvapo pavanenge vari kunyange vari kure nevadzidzisi. Kunyange zvichiita
sepfungwa itsva isina kujairika tinoda kuti mubatisise kuti urongwa nerongetedzo
iri mugwaro iri inotendera kuti vadzidzi vasangane nevadzidzisi vavo nenguva iri
kure chose asi vachikwanisa kushandisa muunganidzwa wezvidzidzo zviri mugwaro
iri pakudzidza kwavachaita. Gwaro rino rine zvitsauko makumi maviri nezvishanu
zvakanyorwa nenyanzvi shanu dzichiita mukomberanwa. Vose vaiuya nounyanzvi
hwakasiyana-siyana asi hwakapamhamha zvinogona kubatsira mudzidzi wedu.
Sezvamuchaona chitsauko choga choga chinonodira mune chimwe kubvira pahwaro
kusvika padenga. Izvi zvichaita kuti mudzidzi wedu pakupedzisira awane unyanzvi
hwose hunodiwa pakunyora bvunzo. Zvakakoshawo kuti muzive kuti muunganidzwa
wezvidzidzo uyu wakagadzirwa pachishandiswa bumbiro reChiShona renyika.
Zvidzidzo izvi zvakarongwa sokuteverana kwazvakaita mubumbiro rezvidzidzo
reChiShona. Gwaro iri richanyanya kutarisa unyanzvi huna hunoti: kutaura,
kuteerera, kunyora nekuverenga uhwo hunotarisirwa kuti mudzidzi abude nahwo
pakudzidza mutauro weChiShona. Zvichataridza sokuti zvitsauko zvose zvichange
zviine misoro yakada kufanana asi mukunyatsotarisa zvakajeka kuti pachitsauko
choga choga pane unyanzvi hutsva hunenge hwava kutariswa nevanyori uhwo
hunobatsira vadzidzi kuti vagokwanisa kunyora bvunzo dzavo vachibudirira.
Sezvataurwa pakutanga gwaro rino rinogona kushandiswa nemunhu anoda
kudzidza nenguva pfupi asi zvisingarevi kuti rakaita musiyapaduku. Rakanyanyawo
kunakira munhu anozvidzidzira ari oga. Tinoda kuvimba kuti vachashandisa gwaro iri
pakudzidza kwavo vachabatsirika zvikuru.

I
Nhendo
Mapazi ePrimary, Secondary and Non Formal Education (PSNE) nereCurriculum
Development and Technical Services (CDTS) ari chikamu cheMinistry of Primary and
Secondary Education vanopa kutenda kuvadzidzisi vakuru vanoti:
Mutambiranwa Tamburike wepaMarikopo Secondary School,
Moreblessing Muchemwa wepaVainona High School,
Lister Matsilele wepaChingele Secondary School,
Mazvita E. Nyadutu wepaOdzi High School
naNenduva Mescort vanova District Literacy Cordinator paZaka District Office.

Kutenda kukuru kunoendawo kuna Rebeccah C. Chinyenze - Education Research

Officer (CDTS) anova akaunganidza, kuverenga zvine udzamu nekugadzirisa
mhosho dzose kuti Bhuku Remudzidzi Danho Rechipiri rinakidze kuverenga.

Tinotendawo zvikuru Dr Lovemore Ndlovu vakatikurudzira nekuverenga zvinyorwa

zvedu vachitipa mazano ekuzvinatsurudza. Tinoda kutenda zvekare Dr Elisha
Chamunorwa Kujeke nokutipa mazano pakunyora bhuku rino.

Kutenda kukuru kunopiwa UNICEF inova yakatibatsira zvikuru nemari yekushandisa

kuti basa redu riendeke.

II
ZVIRI MUKATI
MUSUMO I

Nhendo II

CHITSAUKO 14 - MHENGERAMUMBA 1

CHITSAUKO 15 - MAMIRIRO EKUNZE 20

Chitsauko 16: MAKAKATANWA 38

CHITSAUKO 17: ZVEMABHIZIMUSI 50

Chitsauko 18: Nhaka yedu 70

CHITSAUKO 19: JECHETERE 95

CHITSAUKO 20 NZIYO 114

CHITSAUKO 21 RUDO NENYIKA YAKO 138

CHITSAUKO 22: MUSHANDIRAPAMWE 157

CHITSAUKO 23 UNHU NETSIKA 178

CHITSAUKO 24: NJODZI 202

CHITSAUKO 25 NHAKA YOMUSIIDZANWA 230

REFERENCE LIST 268

III
CHITSAUKO 14 - MHENGERAMUMBA
Zviri mukati
14.1 Nzwisiso - Mhengeramumba
14.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro- Tsumo
14.3 Maumbirwo omutauro - Rebeso dzezviito
14.4 Mhando dzerondedzero - Tsamba
14.5 Misambo - Mativi mana enyika

Nhanganyaya
Sezvatambotaura muchikamu chepashure pakupera kwegore unofanira kunge
wava kukwanisa kupindura mibvunzo yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Muchitsauko
chino tinoda zvekare kuti unangane neunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana muzvidzidzo
zvawakamboita. Tinoda kuti utarise nzwisiso yendima takanangana nokugona
kupindura mibvunzo. Pamashandisirwe omutauro tinoda kuti ukwanise kudoma
tsumo nokutsanangura zvadzinoreva. Tinoda kuti udzokere parebeso dzezviito
zvakare tichitarisa zviito zvine rebeso dzakawanda. Pachikamu cherondedzero
tinoda kuti unge wava kukwanisa kunyora tsamba kuhama uchigadzirisa
dambudziko raunenge wapirwa nehama yako. Pakupedzisira muchikamu
chino tinoda kuti utarise misambo takanangana nemativi mana enyika. Tinoda
kukuyeuchidza zvekare kuti usapfuurira muchitsauko chinotevera usina kunzwisisa
zviri muchikamu chino.

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko chino unofanirwa kunge wokwanisa:

• kupindura mibvunzo inobva mundima
• kudoma tsumo uye kutsanangura basa retsumo
• kupatsanura rebeso dzakawanda dzinorebesa chiito chimwe
• kugadzirira, kuronga nokunyora tsamba kuhama
• kudoma mativi mana enyika uye kuverenga zviri pamepu uchishandisa mativi
mana aya.

Mazwi akakosha kuziva:

• Kudoma- Kutaura nemazwi mashoma

• Kuronga- kutaridza hwaro hwemamirire ebasa rako

1
 Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera:

• Kunyora
• Kuverenga
• kupenengura

14.1 Nzwisiso - Mhirizhonga mudzimba

Kubva muchitsauko 7 kusvika muchitsauko 13 wakadzidza nezvenzwisiso uye

pfupiso muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Tinovimba pari zvino wava noruzivo
pamusoro penzwisiso. Chinotaridza kuti wava noruzivo kukwanisa kupindura
mibvunzo yaunenge wapiwa zvinonwisa mvura. Ndichakupa ndima yenzwisiso,
mushure ndichakupa basa rokuita. Ndichazokupawo Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa kuti
ukwanise kuona kuti wanga uri mugwara here.

Verenga ndima inotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri pazasi.

Mukadzi wavaChigumira aigarodemba kuti vakafa vakazorora napamusana
pokushushwa kwaaitwa nomurume wake. Musi waaiti nhasi ndanyatsomubikira
murume wangu aisvikonzi waita zvemahumbwe epwere. Akati ndisekererewo
murume wangu ainzi runzenza runonyenamira nemiti yose. Achitizve
ndochidzikamawo kuti ndigorumbidzwa ndipo painzi aikaronge karoyi kanogara
kakatsamwira nyika yose.

2
Mazuva okutanga aifunga kuti pada ndiri kuratidzwa nzira, kana ndava kuiziva ndega
ndicharegerwa asi rushusho rwemurume wake rwaitenge rwaifutidzwa nokutirira
kwake uku. Murume uyu zvino akange oti akatanga kupopota runyanhiriri zuva
raidakara rirove nhongonya achingorutsa magaramoyo oga oga. Kana akatanga
rumbo rwake ari manheru makonzo nemapete aitsumba kutama achienda zvawo
kune dzimwe dzimba sezvo musiyo airara nenzara otya kuburuka kubva mudenga.
Dai manonotere aiita vaChigumira mudzimai wavo ari iwo avaiita vamwe varume
vaigara vakarohwa pamadoro. Zvino kune vamwe varume raiva gwara chairo asi
kuzongoti mumba kwede murume aibva ashanduka kuita chiradza cheshumba
chaicho.

Mumwe musi vaChigumira vakasiya vapa mudzimai wavo hembe dzokuti awache
ivo vachienda kudanga kundokama mombe nhatu. Pavakadzoka vakawana hembe
iya ichangonikwa vakati vaviruka nehasha dzavo dzainge dzerovambira. Hembe
yangu hausati waiaina nanhasi? Kandi mukadzi iwe uri kuda kuzviita mumwe
murume muno mumba haikona? “Ko yainge yaoma ndikaiaina riini Mwerambwa
imi maisiya iye zvino?” Mudzimai akada kutaura asi haana kumbopiwa mukana
wokureva zvose. “Nyarara sei uchitaurawo ini ndisati ndapedza kukurayira? Hauna
kurayirwa kumusha kwako haikona. Zvino ini ndini ndichanyatsokurayira zvaunobva
wanzwisisa.”

Nemashoko aya vaChigumira vakabva vatanga kurayira mudzimai wavo nembama

nezvibhakera. Vaibva vaita zvokurova vachigomera kunge uya ari kutema mhanda
yomugodo nedemo rakambotemerwa pasi nepwere. Vakanga vasingadi zvekare
kuti wavairova atize. Mai Chigumira vakapedza chifo chesvondo rose vasingagoni
kana kuzvicherera mvura nechirongo chiri mumba makaremo. Vavakidzani
vavo vaigarouya kuvavhunza maswerero. Mumwe musi kwakazouya chitopota
chomukadzi chaizengezanwa munharaunda yose yokwaGonyemhini chichinzi
hachiridziri munhu tsamwa akaridya remangwana.

“Dai uri mwanasikana wangu hawaipondwa kudai zuva nezuva ini amai vako
ndichingoti mafuta engosi, mudzimai uya mai Gandiwa vakadero mushure
mekanguva vambokurukurirana havo. Murume imbwanana, amai vaya vakaenderera
mberi. Kana mbwanana ikaera yajaira kudya nomutuvi musi waunoipa mupunga une
dovi inoramba. Chokwadi murume wako uyu uri kumuregerera achipinda nomwenje
mudziva. Asi usazofunga kuti amai vaya vane zvavanoziva asi mwanangu hurevavo
hangu samai vane vana vakaita sewe.”

Uku kwakanga kusiri kurevawo nepadiki pose uye mai Chigumira

vakachimbidzozvibata. Mushure mokunaya kwavo vakabva vaita ukama nomudzimai
uya ndokuzoguma varatidzwa chigwenzi chomupinguravarume nokuudzwa
miko yokushandiswa kwomushonga uyu. Musi wavakaupiwa vakakohomedzwa
kunzi muti wandakupa uyu ndewokurapa varume kuti vasapengereka asi kana
ukakanganisa kuushandisa unozoguma wozvidemba iwe kuti dai ndakagara nebenzi
rangu ndichipururudzira kudzana kwaro. Mushure memasvondo anoverengeka
vaChigumira vakanga vongoswerotevera mudzimai wavo kunge jongwe

3
rehangaiwa. Kutsime, kuhuni, kurwizi nokundochera rondo rokuumbisa hari mukadzi
nomurume vakanga vasisasiyani. Kana pachoto vakanga voita majana okugarapo.
Voruzhinji vakanga voti vakavavhunza kuti zvaita sei vaingodzwa kuti endai
kudzimba dzenyu musiye Takawira Chigumira akadero.
Nyaya iyi yakabva muRurimi rwaamai Bhuku 3 naT.K Tsodzo

Tinovimba wanzwisisa nyaya yawaverenga iyi uye kuti vakadzi mudzimba

vanotambudzwa sezvawanzwa izvi. Paunenge uchipindura mibvunzo iyi
chimbodzeya mumusoro wako kuti ingava nzira yakanaka here yakaitwa naamai
Chigumira yekupedza mhirizhonga nemurume wavo? Dzamisa pfungwa dzako.

14.1.1 Zvokuita
1. Nemhaka yei mukadzi wavaChigumira aigarodemba kuti vakafa vakazorora.(1)
2. Doma zvinhu zviviri zvaigaronzi mukadzi wavaChigumira akanganisa
nomurume wake. (2)
3. Nyora zvirevo zviviri zviri mundima zvaitaridza kuti VaChigumira vaipopota
kwenguva refu. (1)
4. Tsanangura zvinoreva zvirevo zvinotevera sokushandiswa kwazvakaitwa
mundima
i) Manonotere aiita VaChigumira mukadzi wavo. (2)
ii) Aibva ashanduka kuita chiradza cheshumba chaicho. (2)
iii) Vakatanga kurayira mudzimai wavo nembama nezvibhakera. (2)
iv) Amai vako ndichingoti mafuta engosi. (2)
v) Varume imbwanana. (2)
5. Chii chinotaridza kuti vaChigumira vaishandisa simba rakawanda pakurova
mudzimai wavo (1)
6. Mazwi aya anorevei semashandisirwe aakaita mundima
i) Chitopota. (1)
ii) Miko. (1)
7. Tsanangura zvinoreva dimikira iri
i) Kupinda nomwenje mudziva. (2)
8. Doma zvinhu zviviri zvaitaridza kuti vaChigumira vakapiwa mushonga
wemupfuhwira. (2)
9. Zita ravaChigumira rokutanga rainzi ani. (1)

Kukwanisa kutsanangura zvinoreva tsumo, mazwi, madimikira kana zvirevo

semashandisirwe azvakaita mundima kureva kuti wanzwisisa zviri kutaurwa
mundima. Kuti uone kuti wanga uchitevera gwara here ndakupa mhinduro
dzemibvunzo yandakupa. Tinoda kuti unyatsotarisisa mapinduriro andanga ndichiita
nokuti zvichakubatsira pakuzopindura imwe mibvunzo inotevera.

4
 14.1.2 Chenjedzo
• Tanga waverenga mibvunzo usati waverenga nzwisiso yako zvinokubatsira
kuzosangana nemhinduro paunenge woverenga.
• Verenga nzwisiso yako kaviri kuti unyatsonzwisisa.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

1. Nokuti aigaroshungurudzwa nemurume wake

2. Kubikira murume wake zvakanaka uye kusekereravo murume wake
3. i. Akange oti akatanga kupopota runyanhiriri zuva raidakara rirove
nhongonya achingorutsa magaramoyo oga oga.
ii. Kana akatanga rumbo rwake ari manheru makonzo nemapete aitsumba
kutama achienda zvawo kune dzimwe dzimba sezvo musiyo
4. i. Matukiro aiita vaChigumira mukadzi wavo -
Mapopotere aivaiita mudzimai wavo
ii. Aibva ashanduka kuita chiradza cheshumba chaicho-
Aishanduka kuita munhu anotyisa
iii. Vakatanga kurayira mudzimai wavo nembama nezvibhakera-
Vakatanga kurova mudzimai wavo
iv. Amai vako ndichingoti mafuta engosi
Vachingoti zvose zvakanaka
v. Varume imbwanana
Varume vane hunhu husina kunaka
5. Vaiita zvokugomera kunge munhu ari kutema mhanda
6. i. Chitopota - Muroyi
ii. Miko - mitemo
7. Kupinda nomwenje mudziva - Kufarisa
8. i. VaChigumira vakanga vongoswerotevera mudzimai wavo
ii. Pachoto vakanga voita majana okubika
9. Takawira

5
14.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro - Madimikira
Muchitsauko chokutanga chaicho wakadzidza nezvemadimikira. Tinovimba kuti
unorangarira kuti madimikira mutauro wakapfuma uye unoshandiswa kutaura
zvinhu zvine mutsigo. Madimikira anoita kuti zvinhu zvinorema zvitaurike nyore.
Madimikira anorerutsa uye anopa chiremerera kuzvinhu zvinenge zvataurwa.
Chakakosha pamadimikira kugona kududzira zvaanoreva semashandisirwo aanenge
akaitwa pose pauchasangana nawo. Zvakakoshawo kugona kushandisa madimikira
muzvirevo. Somunhu anofanira kunyora bvunzo kupera kwegore wakafanira kuziva
nzira dzose dzinogona kubvunzwa nadzo madimikira. Uchaona kuti muchikamu
chino ndinonyanya kuda kukupa basa rokuita nemhinduro dzinotarisirwa
takatarisana nenzira dzose dzinogona kubvunzwa nadzo madimikira. Uchaona kuti
neimwe nguva unogona kunzi unyurure madimikira kubva mundima yaunenge
wapiwa. Zvinoreva madimikira zvinofanira kureruka nokuti dudziro yacho inobva
pamashandisirwe anenge akaita dimikira iri mundima.

14.2.1 Zvokuita
1. Sarudza madimikira mashanu chete pane anotevera. Zvino chitsanangura
zvinoreva madimikira awasarudza.
a) kuzvisikira moto muziso.
b) kuita bete rawira mumukaka.
c) kuita mhanza.
d) Kubaira munhu zanhi.
e) kuenda kwamupfiganebwe.
f) kudya marasha.
g) kudya nhoko dzezvironda.
h) kuvaraidza nguva kuteya nzou neriva.
i) kuigochera pautsi.
j) Kuisa muromo mumhino. [10]

14.2.2 Chenjedzo
• Usashandisa madimikira aya muzvirevo nokuti hazvisizvo zvabvunzwa. Ipa
tsanangudzo dzinotaridza kuti unoziva zvinoreva madimikira aya.

6
 14.2.3 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa
a) Kuzvipinza mumatambudziko aunokonzeresa iwe.
b) Kutumwa wobva watadza kudzoka nokuda kwekunakidzwa nezvaunondowana
kwawatumwa.
c) Kuita rombo rakanaka.
d) Kupa munhu yambiro inozomubatsira kana achinge aigamuchira.
e) kufa.
f) kupopota zvakanyanya.
g) kutambudzika zvikuru zvakafanana nokushaya chokudya kana zvokupfeka.
h) kupedza nguva uchiita zvisina basa zvisingakupi pundutso.
i) kukanganisa izvo zvinozokupinza mumatambudziko.
j) kutsamwa zviri pachena zvinobva zvaonekwa nemunhu wose.

Kana ukanyatsocherechedza madimikira ose apiwa uchaona kuti zviito. Zvazvinoreva

ndezvokuti madimikira zviito zvinodudzirwa nomutauro wakahwanda uye
wakadzikama. Madimikira anopfumisa mutauro wedu.

14.2.4 Basa rokuita

Kubva pamadimikira awapiwa pa14.7.3 pamusoro sarudza mashanu chete
ugoashandisa muzvirevo kutaridza kuti wanzwisisa zvaanoreva. [10]

14.2.5 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

a) Taruona akazvisikira moto muziso apo akanoba mbudzi dzaVaMaposa.
b) Paakatumwa kundotengera vaenzi doro Tendai akaita bete rawira mumukaka
akatozodzoka hake kwasviba.
c) Akati achingosvika pachiteshi ndokuita mhanza yokuwana motokari yaienda
kwaMurambinda chaiko kwaaienda.
d) Ndakatomboedzavo kumubaira munhu zanhi asi akaramba kunzwa
zvandaimuudza.
e) Vakazama kumumhanyisa kuchipatara asi akanga atoenda
kwamupfiganebwe.
f) Mbuya vaSharai vakadya marasha pavakawana muzukuru wavo Sharai
arumwa nembwa.
g) Akakura achingodya nhoko dzezvironda kubva pakashaya vabereki vake.
h). Paakazama kusungisa mukuru wenyika takamuudza kuti uku kuvaraidza nguva
kuteya nzou neriva.
i). Paakazobata mwana wechikoro chibharo ndipo paakaigochera pautsi
nemapurisa.
j). Akaisa muromo mumhino paakasvika amai vake vasina kumusiira chokudya
achibva kuchikoro.

7
 14.2.6 Chenjedzo
• Unofanira kuziva kuti pakushandisa madimikira aya muzvirevo hausungirwi
kuashandisa semapiwirwe awamaita mumubvunzo. Unogona kuashandura
chimiro zvishoma uchibvisa /ku-/ asi unofanira kuramba uchireva zvaanga
achireva. Izvi ndazviita muMhinduro dzinotarisirwa.
• Usanyora zvirevo zvakarebesa nokuti unozokanganwa zvimwe zvinhu.

Mienzaniso yandapa pamusoro inozama chose kuti unzwisisa zvinoreva madimikira

aya. Mubvunzo dzako dzokupera kwegore unogona kupiwa izwi rimwe chairo
wobva wanzi nyora dimikira rinosanganisa izwi iri. Chakakosha apa kuziva
madimikira akasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso unogona kupiwa izwi rokuti ropa wonzi
ubude nedimikira rimwe chete kubva paizwi iri. Mhinduro yakanaka inoti, kutemwa
dzinobva ropa.

14.2.7 Basa rokuita

Kubva pamazwi anotevera umba dimikira rimwe chete rinobva pamazwi aya
i) Ura.
ii) Muganhu.
iii) Mwenje.
iv) Kumeso.
v) Mhuno.
vi) Mbereko.
vii) Muswe.
viii) Ruoko.

Mhinduro inotarisirwa

i. Kubata ura
ii. Kurimirana kumuganhu
iii. Kupinda nomwenje mudziva
iv. Kubata kumeso
v. Kuisa muromo mumhino
vi. Kushaya mbereko
vii. Kurasa muswe
viii. Kuva neruoko

8
14.3. Maumbirwo omutauro - Rebeso zhinji pachiito chimwe
chete
Rebeso dzezviito dzinogona kushanda dzakawanda pamudzi wechiito mumwe
chete. Izvi zvinogonawo kuunza shanduko pamudzi wechiito.

Rebeso dzinogona kuwanda pamudzi mumwe chete seizvi:

Mudzi wechiito Rebeso

kukangan- /-is-//-ir-/-an-//-w-/a
omes- /-es-/-er-//-an-/a
bay- /-is-/-ir-/-an-/a
rov- /-es-/-es-/a
roy- /-er-/-w-/a
kwan- /-is-/-ir-/a
chenget - /-er-/-w-/a

14.3.1 Chenjedzo
• Rebeso dzezviito dzinowanikwa dzakateverana nemudzi wechiito. Izvi
ngazvigare zviri mupfungwa dzako kuti nguva dzose uzviyeuke kana
wasangana nazvo mune zvimwe zvidzidzo.

14.3.2 Zvokuita
a) Zvinotyisa b)kusvikira c)vakaungana d)zvaitika e) akanyatsoongorora f)
apetenura
i. Nyora mudzi wechiito choga choga chiri pamusoro (5)
ii. Taridza rebeso yakashandiswa pachiito choga choga
iii. Nyora zita rerebeso yoga yoga yakanyorwa (12)

14.4 Rondedzero - Tsamba kushamwari

Ndinoyeuka pane chimwe chikamu chakapfuura wakadzidza nezvokunyora
tsamba yebasa. Pane mutsauko patsamba yaunonyora uchitsvaga basa netsamba
yaunonyorera shamwari yako. Mutsauko mukuru uri patsamba mbiri idzi unobva
pamarongerwo chaipo kusvika pane zviri mukati. Zvino ngatitangei kutarisa
marongerwo etsamba mbiri idzi takatarisa tafura iri pazasi. Ndafunga kuti

9
tikaenzanisa mhando yetsamba mbiri mutafura zvichakupa kuti ukasire kunzwisisa
tsamba yaunonyora kushamwari. Muchitsauko chino tiri kunyanya kutarisa
nezvetsamba yeshamwari.

Tsamba kushamwari Tsamba yebasa

Kero imwe chete
Inoenda kumunhu waunoziva sokuti;
“Anodiwa Rangarirai”
Inotanga nokukwazisana nokuita
dzimwewo nyaya hadzo
Unonyora uchitaura kana nyaya
dzamunoziva neshamwari yako
Pakuoneka unogona kusanyora zita
rakazara
Kero mbiri
Inoenda kumunhu wausingazivi sokuti;
“Changamire”
Inotanga nokutaura zvakakosha
zvawanyorera tsamba iyi.
Inokoshesa kuzvishambadza kumukuru
wemabasa kuti uwane basa
Unonyora zita rakazara pamwe
nenhamba dzefoni

Ukatarisa patafura iri pamusoro uchaona kuti tsamba kushamwari yakasiyana chose
netsamba yebasa. Pabvunzo dzako dzokupera kwegore dzauchanyora uchaona kuti
unogona kuwana muine rondedzero yokunyora tsamba. Zvakakosha kuti uyeuke kuti
tsamba yaunonyora ndeyeshamwari here kana kuti ndeyebasa kuitira kuti ushandisa
nzira yakakodzera inoenderana netsamba yauri kunyora. Ndichakupa basa rokuita
pazasi uchitevedzera zviga zvokunyora tsamba kushamwari yako. Muchitsauko
12 wakambopiwa muenzaniso wetsamba yebasa tichiita nzwisiso. Tinoda zvekare
kudzosa nzwisiso iyi asi iye zvino uri muenzaniso wemanyorerwe anoita tsamba
yebasa. Hounoi muenzaniso wetsamba yebasa.

Checheni Primary School

Private Bag 27
Bikita
Masvingo

7 Ndira 2019

Mukuru wamabasa
Murrey and Roberts
P O Box 922
Causeway
Harare

Wadiwa Changamire

Ndanyora tsamba ino ndichitsvagawo basa rehumanager pakambani penyu. Izvi

zvinotevera kushambadza kwamakaita mubepanhau reSunday Mail musi wa5 Ndira
2019.

10
Ndiri murume ane makore makumi mana nemaviri okuberekwa. Ndakabudirira
mukudzidza kwandakaita zvidzidzo zvangu zveBachelor of Business Studies
pachikoro chikuru cheUniversity yeZimbabwe. Ndakazoendavo kumangerengere
mhiri kwemakungwa uko ndakanoita zvidzidzo zveMaster of Business
Administration. Ndiriko ndakazopiwa bhezari rokuita PhD saka ndakazoita PhD
(Quantitative Methods in Public Administration.) Tinovimba izvi zvakandipa utesve
hwemhando yepamusoro.

Ndakamboshanda kunyika dzinoti Sweden, Denmark, South Africa neRwanda.

Ndava muno muZimbabwe ndakamboshandavo kuDelta Beverages somutevedzeri
wemukuru wemabasa uye kuInnscor Africa ndiri mutevedzeri wemukuru wemabasa
zvekare. Ndakazopedzisira nokushanda kuMahindra Truck (Pvt) (LTD) ndiri mukuru
wemabasa. Ndakazomira basa mushure mokunge varidzi vekambani yedu
vamboivhara vachidzokera kumusha kwavo kuHingirandi.

Ndakadzidza nezvokushanda nemacomputer uye ndinokwanisa chose basa

rokuforoma vanhu sezvo ndakadzidza nezvazvo. Ndinokwanisa kuuya kuzotaurirana
nemi nguva yamunoda kana muchindida.

Ndini wenyu anovimbika

Zivisai Goredema
(Tsamba iyi yakanyorwa naNenduva Mescort haisati yatsikiswa)

14.4.1 Zvokuita
Nyora tsamba kushamwari yako uchiibatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko
raakakunyorera achikuudza. Taridza kuti uri kupindura tsamba yawakanyorerwa.
neshamwari yako achikuudza dambudziko raainaro. (50)

14.4.2 Chenjedzo:
• Dzokera patafura iri pamusoro unyatsocherechedza zviga zvokunyora tsamba
kushamwari. Wakafanira kutevera zviga izvi pakunyora tsamba kuti urege
kurashika.

14.5 Misambo: Mativi mana enyika

Muchikamu chino tinoda kutarisa zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinotibatsira pakurarama
kwatinoita zuva nezuva uye zvinotibatsira kuziva patigere zvakafanana nokuziva
mativi mana enyika. Uchaona kuti mune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaita seGeography
munodzidza zvakanyanya nezvemativi mana enyika. Zvakakoshawo kuti kuChiShona
titaure nezvemativi mana enyika. Chikuru chatinofanira kunyanya kuziva pamativi
mana enyika ndechokuti zvinotibatsirei kuziva zvinhu zvakaita seizvi.

11
Ngatitangei nokuziva mativi mana enyika atiri kutaura nezvawo. Kuti unzwisise
mativi mana enyika ungatanga nekuchirungu uchienda kuChiShona sezvinotaridzwa
nemifananidzo iri pazasi. North - Maodzanyemba, South - Chamhembe, East -
Mabvazuva/Mabudazuva, West - Mavirira/Mavirazuva.

N
NW NE

W E

SW SE

S
N
NW NE

W 3 E

SW SE
S

Kana ukatarisa pamifananidzo iri pamusoro uchaona kuti pane mamwe mativi
mana zvekare anobuda kubva pane atatanga kupa. Tinoda zvekare kuti utarise izvi
uchibva kuchirungu uchienda kuChiShona sezvizvi.

North East - (NE) Maodzanyemba kwakadziva mabvazuva

South East - (SE) Chamhembe kwakadziva mabvazuva
South West - (SW) Chamhembe kwakadziva kumavirira
North West (NW) - Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumavirira

12
 Maodzanyemba

Maodzanyemba Maodzanyemba
akadziva akadziva
mavirira mabvazuva

Mavirira Mabvazuva

Chamhembe Chamhembe
chakadziva chakadziva
Mavirira mabvazuva

Chamhembe

14.5.1 Zvakakoshera kuziva mativi mana enyika

Kuziva mativi mana enyika kunobatsira chose mukurarama kwatinoita mazuva ose.
1. Kuziva mativi mana enyika kunobatsira kuti ukwanise kuziva paugere maringe
nezvakakupoteredza
2. Ruzivo rwemativi mana enyika runoita kuti ukwanise kufamba kubva pane
imwe nzvimbo kuenda pane imwe
3. Ruzivo rwemativi mana enyika runobatsira kuti ukwanise kurondedzera
panowanikwa zviwanikwa zvaunenge uchitaura nezvazvo kunyange kukwanisa
kutsanangura kufararira kwakaita zviwanikwa izvi.
4. Ruzivo rwemativi mana enyika runobatsira vafambi vanobhururuka mudenga,
vanofamba nemotokari uye vanofamba kunyange netsoka kuti vazive kuti
vanobva papi vachienda papi.

14.5.2 Zvokuita
Uchishandisa mepu yenyika yeZimbabwe iri pazasi taridza kuti nzvimbo idzi dziri
kupi uchishandisa mativi mana enyika
Harare, Bulawayo, Gwai, Lake Kariba, Masvingo, Mberengwa, Gweru, Kwekwe,
Chiredzi, Hwange, Victoria Falls, Mutare, Gwanda, Shangani, neBeitbridge,
Zvishavane, Victoria Falls

13
14.5.3. Muenzaniso wemhinduro yaidiwa
i. Guta reMutare riri kumabvazuva kwenyika yeZimbabwe.
ii. Unogonavo kuti guta rechegutu riri kumavirira kweguta reHarare.
iv. Guta reChiredzi rinowanikwa kuChamhembe kwakadziva kumabudazuva
kweguta remasvingo
v. Guta reZvishavane riri kumavirira kweguta reMasvingo
vi. Dhamu reKaribha riri kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumavirira kwenyika
yeZimbabwe
vii. Guta reVictoria Falls riri kumavirira kwedhamu reKaribha
viii. Guta reGweru riri kuMaodzanyemba kweguta reZvishavane
ix. Guta reMasvingo riri kumavirira kweguta reZvishavane.

14
 14.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko
Semune zvimwe zvitsauko muchitsauko chino watarisa zidzidzo zvishanu
zvinosanganisa chenzwisiso apo wanga uchitarisa kugona kupindura mibvunzo
zvakanaka. Watarisawo chidzidzo chemadimikira apo wanga uchitarisa zvinoreva
madimikira uye mashandisirwe anoita madimikira muzvirevo. Pachikamu chechitatu
watarisa rebeso dzezviito dzakawanda pachiito chimwe chete. Wazotarisawo
rondedzero apo wanga wakananga nokugona kuronga nokunyora tsamba
zvakanaka uchitarisa zviga zvokunyora tsamba. Pakupedzisira watarisa misambo apo
wanga wakanangana nokuziva mativi mana enyika uye zvakakoshera kuziva mativi
mana enyika aya. Tinoda kukuyambira kuti usaenda pachikamu chinotevera usina
kunzwisisa zvimwe zviri muchikamu chino nokuti zvichakubatsira kuti ukwanise kuita
rimwe basa riri mberi. Kana paita pausina kunzwisisa ndinokukurudzira kuti udzokere
muchitsauko unyatsonzwisisa.

Bvunzo

1 Nzwisiso

Nyatsoverenga nyaya iyi ugopindura mibvunzo yose inotevera

Apo mai vaSekai vakabva kwababa Roodza vakadzoka kumba kwavo ndokugara.
Vakati dhuu kufunga vakaona kuti vakanga vati kanganisei. Vainge vaenda
kundotaura navaBanzi ivo vamwene vavo varipo.Uyuwo Gura aiva aenda
kundokama mombe. Pamba paingova naChengetai chete sezvo Sekai aiva aenda
nababa vake. Chengetai akaona kuti amai vake vainge vaine zvaivabaya mwoyo asi
akashaya kuti obvunza sei.

Achingunorwisana nepfungwa kudai mai vake vakabva vatanga kutaura. Ndichauya

zvino zvino Chengetai ndichamboenda pambuya vako apo.
“Ewoi amai,” akadaira Chengetai opinda mumba. Mai vake vakabva vaenda
kwavaTugogo. Vakasvikovaona vari panze vachizambira zvavo zuva iyo nhekwe yavo
iri mumaoko. Parutivi rwavo paiva nerwenga rwaiva nemaputi akasangana nenyimo
izvo vaingunovarairwa nazvo. Mai vaSekai vakasvika ndokukwazisa vamwene vavo,
gare gare ndokubva vagara pasi vobatsirana rwenga rwuya. Zvakatorera VaTugogo
nguva dikidiki kuti vaone kuti muroora wavo aiva asina kufambira matewo.
“Ukati kwakanaka muroora?” vakabvunza.
“Aiwa kwakanaka amai, chete pane zviri kundinetsa mupfungwa dzangu”
“Ndagara ndazviziva. Ndati ini amai vaSekai anobva ati zii kudai aitwa sei? Wati
pfungwa muroora? Ipfungwa dziri kukunetsa?. Kunyange VaTugogo vakataura havo
izvi vainge vatonyumwa pfungwa dzamai vaSekai. Ivo pachavo vainge vachizvinetsa
mumusoro mavo noushamwari hwemhuri yemwana wavo naMunondidii. Chainge
chichivanetsa hwaiva ushamwari hwaGura naMunondidii. Vaisafadzwa nazvo asi
somunhu mukuru vaiva vakamirira kuti varidzi vemunda vatange varidza mhere
nokudyirwa ivo vozopa ufakazi.

15
“Zviri kundinetsa ndezviri kuita mwana wenyu mhai. Mafambire ake
haachatsarukani. Kumba ava kungoti gare nzvee garei nzveee zvokuti ini ndabva
ndazvishayira pazvo. Pamwe anozouya zvake mambakwedza. Zvanzi ndanga ndiri
kutandara. Kutandarai nousiku hwakadai?”
Mai Gura vakambotura mafemo nokuti vainge vadzipwa negodo rehasha raiva
ratsvetera pahuro pavo. Vanhu vakanyarara kana vashatirwa vanoita churu chaicho.
VaTugogo vakazviti guu ndokubva vanangisa ritivi vakanyarara zvavo vachitokonya
pasi vakatanga kufunga.

“Kusvondo havachadi kana nokuenda. Mazuva ano vanogara vachindinyepera.

Svondo yapera zvakanzi ndave kuenda kujana. Yapera ino iyi zvanzi
ndichamboenda kundoona sekuru Tukuchuku kwaMutenure. Nezuro ndosangana
nasekuru vondiudza kuti haana nokumbosvika zvake ikweyo. Zvose izvi
zvinondishaisa zano chaizvo.
“Uko anonga achitandara ngekwani, kwaMunondidii here?”
“Ndikozve kumwe kwaangatongoenda ngekupi?”
“Zvino kwaanoswera uku anoswera naiye Munondidii here?”
“Hameno. Ini handisati ndazviziva. Munondidii haagari kusvondo zvokuti
ndinoshaya kuti zvino kuti uko anonga ari ngekwaani. Zve, zvokuti ndanga ndiri
kutandara kwaiye Munondidii izvi zvinenge zvekunyepa. Pane uko anenge ari
chete”.
“Saka unofunga kuti anonga ari kwaMunondidii here?”
“Apa amai handina mashuwa nazvo ini?” Asi kuti nditi anenge ari kwaMunondidii
zvinondiremera nokuti handisati ndanyatsozvibata”
“Ona muroora nyaya yako iyi idukuduku chaizvo. Hatidi kuvhundusa munhu uyu.
Saka iwe chinyarara zvako. Mumwe musi ati ari kuenda kwaari kuenda uku, iwe
womutevera. Chako ndechokuona pamba apo anonga ari kuenda. Kana waona izvi
wozouya wonditora toenda tose ikoko”
“Hazvizoiti matakanana here izvi?. Amai munoziva ini ndiri mutete. Zvokuswera
ndichitaudzana nevanhu ini handizvigoni”.
(Kubva Muna Kumuzinda hakuna woko naFrancis L Bvindi)

(a) Vamwene vamai Sekai vainzi ani? (1)

(b) Nyora izwi rimwe riri mundima rinowirirana netsananguro imwe neimwe
yedzinotevera.
(i) Kasha inoisirwa fodya (1)
(ii) Mudziyo unokangirwa maputi (1)
(iii) Nguva dzamangwanani-ngwanani (1)
(c) Unofunga kuti mai Sekai vakanga vaenderei kwamai Roodza (2)
(d) Unofunga kuti ari kunzi Munondidii anombova ani murungano urwu? (2)
(e) Ndezvipi zviito zvaGura zviviri zvakasiyana zvaiita kuti mai vaSekai
vasagutsikane nounhu hwemurume wavo? (2)
(f) Nyora tsananguro yemashoko anotevera sokushandiswa kwaakaitwa munyaya
iyi
(i) Kufambira matewo (2)
(ii) Varidzi vemunda vatange varidza mhere (2)

16
 (iii) Vatonyumwa pfungwa dzamai Sekai (2)
(iv) Vakambotura mafemo (2)
(v) Matakanana (2)
(g) Nyora pfupiso yenyaya iyi namazwi ako asingapfuuri makumi mashanu (10)
[30]
3. (a) Umba dimikira rimwe chete kubva panhengo yomuviri imwe neimwe
yakapiwa pazasi. Sarudza shanu
(i) Nzeve
(ii) ruoko
(ii) Chipfuva
(iv) Gotsi
(v) Mbabvu
(vi) Mhino
(vii) Matama

Sarudza madimikira mashanu chete kubva pane anotevera. Dudzira zvinoreva

dimikira rimwe nerimwe rawasarudza.
(i) Kuisa muromo mumhino (1)
(ii) kurara nebadza mundima (1)
(iii) Kupedza ura (1)
(iv) Kuva nedama rimwe (1)
(i) Kuzvisikira moto muziso (1)
(vi) Kurasa muswe (1)
(vii) Kushaya ganda kumeso (1)

(C) Tsiva pfungwa ine mutsetse pasi nedimikira muzvirevo zvinotevera

Muenzaniso: Musikana uyu haana kudzikamisa hana yake
Dimikira: Ane bapu
(a) Mukadzi uyu haanyarari kutaura (2)
(b) Vakomana ava vanoswerofamba (2)
(c) Paakabatwa achiba akataridza kusanyara nazvo zvachose (2)
(d) Paakanga orumbidzwa navanhu vose nokuda kwokugona kwake
akabva awedzera kuzvida (2)
(e) Pavakaona mwana wavo achifamba nembavha yakanga yarura
mumusha zvakavakatyamadza zvikuru (2)
(f) Mai Nyengeterai pavakaputsa gate ravamwene vavo vakaona kuti
vanga vazviparira (2)
(g) VaGumbo pavakanowana mari yavakanga vavimbiswa isisiko vakaona
kuti vakanga vafambira zvenhando (2)
[10]

17
 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

1 Nzwisiso
(a) VaTugogo
(b) Nyora izwi rimwe riri mundima rinowirirana netsananguro imwe neimwe
yedzinotevera.
(i) nhekwe
(ii) chiwenga
(iii) mashambanzou
(c) Kunovaudza zvaivanetsa mupfungwa dzavo
(d) Ndiye mukadzi aifungidzirwa kuti aiswera naGuramatunhu
(e) i. Pamwe aisvika kumba mambakwedza
ii. Akanga asisadi kuenda kusvondo
(f) Nyora tsananguro yemashoko anotevera sokushandiswa kwaakaitwa
munyaya iyi
(i) Kufambira mashoko asingafadzi
(ii) Varidzi venyaya vatange kutaura
(iii) Vatoona pfungwa dzaiva mumusoro mavo
(iv) Vakambozorora
(v) Zvinhu zvisina kukodzera kuitwa nevanhu vakuru [20]

3. (a) Umba dimikira rimwe chete kubva panhengo yomuviri imwe neimwe
yakapiwa pazasi. Sarudza shanu
(i) Kuisa zvitanda munzeve
(ii) kuva neruko
(iv) Kuva nechipfuva
(v) Kupira gotsi
(vi) Kuita zvembabvu
(vii) Kuisa muromo mumhino
(viii) Kurovera matama pasi

Sarudza madimikira mashanu chete kubva pane anotevera. Dudzira

zvinoreva dimikira rimwe nerimwe rawasarudza.
(i) Kuisa muromo mumhino - kutsamwa
(ii) kurara nebadza mundima - kuita husimbe
(iii) Kupedza ura- kuguma kuzvara
(iv) Kuva nedama rimwe- kutaura zvakafanana
(vi) Kuzvisikira moto muziso- Kuzvipinza mumatambudziko
(vii) Kurasa muswe - kufarisa zvokupfuurikidza mwero
(viii) Kushaya ganda kumeso - kusava nenyadzi/ kusanyara

18
(C) Tsiva pfungwa ine mutsetse pasi nedimikira muzvirevo zvinotevera
Muenzaniso: Musikana uyu haana kudzikamisa hana yake
Dimikira: Ane bapu
(a) kuva nepamuromo
(b) kupedza nyika
(c) Kushaya ganda kumeso
(d) Kumera zenze
(e) Kurohwa nehana
(f) Kuigochera pautsi
(g) Vafambira dhongi rakaora [10]

19
CHITSAUKO 15 - MAMIRIRO EKUNZE
Zviri mukati
15.1 Pfupiso - Mamirire ekunze
15.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro - Enzaniso
15.3 Maumbirwo omutauro - Zvitaridzanguva
15.4 Rondedzero - Tsananguro
15.5 Misambo - Mativi mana enyika

Nhanganyaya
Unotenderana neni kuti muchitsauko chapfuura takatarisa nzwisiso, mashandisirwe
omutauro, maumbirwe omutauro, mhando dzerondedzero, uye musambo.
Tinovimbavo kuti parizvino wava kunzwisisa kuti chidzidzo choga choga chinenge
chine zvinangwa zvitsva. Neimwe nguva uchaona kuti unenge uchiita dzokororo
yaunenge wakamboita kumashure. Izvi zvinofanira kukubatsira kuti unyatsonzwisisa.
Muchikamu chino uchatarisazve pfupiso, mashandisirwe omutauro, maumbirwe
omutauro, rondedzero uye misambo. Tinoda kuti pauchasangana nechidzidzo
chawakamboita kumashure utarisise unyanzvi hutsva hwandinenge ndichida kuti
ubude nahwo.

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko chino unotarisirwa kunge wokwanisa:

• kupfupisa nyaya muchikamu chimwe chete
• kushandisa enzaniso mukuumba zvirevo
• kudoma zviratidzanguva zvose
• kuumba zvirevo uchishandisa zviratidzanguva zvakasiyana-siyana
• Kuronga nokunyora rondedzero yetsananguro
• kushandisa mativi mana enyika senzira yokutsanangura nzvimbo dzine
zviwanikwa zvedu muZimbabwe.

Mazwi akakosha kuziva:

Ozone layer -zibutiro remweya rakafukidza nyika yose

rufuse - ivhu nemadota zvinopisa zvikuru
Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino uri wega.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera:

• Usapfuurira mberi usina kunzwisisa zviri muchitsauko chino.

20
15.1 Pfupiso
Sezvawakaona muChitsauko 11 kupfupisa nyaya kana ndima yapiwa unyanzvi
hunokosha chaizvo mukudzidza ChiShona. Unyanzvi uhu hunobatsira mukurarama
kwatinoita zuva nezuva. Chikuru chaunofanira kunyanya kubata pakupfupisa
ndechokuti unofanira kutaura zvinhu zvakawanda chose mumazwi mashoma shoma.
Ngatiitii nerimwe gore wawana basa rokuita mutapi wenhau kukambani inoita basa
iri. Zvakakosha kuti urangarire kusefa pfungwa dzakakosha kubva pane dzisina
kukosha. Chechipiri haufaniri kupoterera kana kurova imbwa wakaviga mupini asi
kuti unofanira kurova misoro yenyaya pane pfungwa dzakakosha chete.

Muchitsauko chino tinoda kuti uve mutapi wenhau anotaura nezvokushanduka

kwemamirire ekunze. Zvakakosha kuti uone kuti semutapi wenhau zvinyorwa
zvaunogona kusangana nazvo zvakawanda chose asi iwe unofanira kushandisa
mazwi mashoma kutaura zvese zvaunofanira kutaura. Chimwewo chaunofanira
kuona ndechokuti unenge wakapiwa nguva shoma chose yokuita izvi saka unofanira
kugona kutaura nepadiki kuti usapedzisira wotora nguva yezvimwe zvirongwa.
Verenga ndima inotevera ugoita basa riri pazasi.

15.1.1 Kuparara kweOzone Layer

Kupisa kunoita kunze kunobva kuzuva. Zuva pacharo zimoto rinobvira nguva
dzose. Zvino miranzi yaro ndiyo inodziyisa nyika ichiita kuti zvisikwa zvese zvirege
kufa nechando. Asi kupisa uku hakufaniri zvakare kunyanyisa nokuti zvisikwa zvese
zvingagochwe kusara zvava madota. Kutonhora nokupisa uku kunofanira kunge

21
kuri pakati nepakati. Chinosaka zvidai zibutiro remweya rakakomberedza pasi rino
rose. Butiro iri rinonzi Ozone Layer. Butiro irori rinoita kuti miranzi yezuva isarove
pasi zvine ukasha asi kuti iite zvokusenerera nomubutiro riya yozosvika isisina
hasha. Hasha dzemiranzi iyi dzikasaderedzwa dzinokonzeresa kusanaya kwemvura
kwakaitika mugore ra1992.

Zvino chiri kuitika ndechokuti utsi hune mishonga yakasiyana -siyana uhwo
hunopfumbuka huchibva mumazifekitari enyika dzakabudirira huri kuenda
huchinonyunguditsa ozone layer ichisara yava nhetenhete mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Saka miranzi yezuva yava kupota ichigona kupfuura nemubutiro iri ichisvikorova pasi
zvisizvo.

Kana ozone layer ikaramba ichiparadzwa kudai, kuchasvika nguva yokuti pasi pano
pachapisa sorufuse zvisikwa zvose zvogochwa kusara zvaibva kana kutonyungudika
semafuta. Kufa kwakadai kunorwadza. Fungidzira izvi zvichiitika gore rinouya .
Unenge woti ukati utsike pasi wotsva tsoka, ugare wotsva magaro, urare wotsva
dumbu kana musana, umwe mvura wotsva mukanwa, ugeze wosvuuka ganda.
Munhu unozofa watambura woti dai ndachifa zvangu.

Nyaya yakanhadzurudzwa yakatorwa muRurimi Rwaamai Bhuku 3 naT.K Tsodzo

15.1.2 Zvokuita
Somutapi wenhau nyora pfupiso yenyaya iri pamusoro nemazwi asingapfuuri
makumi mashanu (50)

15.1.3 Chenjedzo
• Shandisa mazwi ako pakupfupisa nyaya iyi
• Usashandisa zvirungamutauro
• Nyurura pfungwa dzakakosha
• Pfungwa dzako ngadzirongeke
• Usadarika mazwi akatarwa okuti unozotorerwa zvimwe zvibodzwa

15.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro - Enzaniso

Muchitsauko chapfuura wakatarisa madimikira seumwe wemienzaniso
yezvirungamutauro. Sezvandakamboreva muzvitsauko zvokutanga ukanyora
rondedzero ukakanganwa kuisa tsumo, madimikira nenyaudzosingwi
zvakangofanana nokubika nyama wokanganwa kuisa munyu. Enzaniso ndechimwe
chirungamutauro chinobatsira kujekesa pfungwa yaunenge uchida kubudisa.
Zvino muchikamu chino tinoda kuti uenderere mberi uchitarisa enzaniso soumwe
muenzaniso wenzira inoshandiswa kurunga mutauro. Chakakosha chaunofanira

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kutanga ndechokutsanangura chinombonzi enzaniso. Enzaniso nefananidzo
zvakafanana here kana kuti zvakasiyana? Unofanira zvekare kugona kushandisa
enzaniso muzvirevo uyewo kushandura mazwi aunogona kupiwa uchiaita enzaniso.

Ngatitangei nokutarisa kuti chii chinombonzi enzaniso. Enzaniso tingati kushandisa

izwi kana chirevo kureva chimwe chinhu chisiri icho asi uchireva kuti zvinhu
zviviri izvi zvakangoenzana. Izwi rashandiswa nechinhu chauri kutsanangura
tinoti zvinenge zvakaenzana. Somuenzaniso vatambi venhabvu vepachikoro
pedu inyenyenganyenga pakunzvenga. Shoko rokuti nyenganyenga rakamirira
zvakazara vatambi venhabvu uye rinotsanangura zvizere maitire evakomana ava
kana vachitamba bhora. Mune umwe muenzaniso unogona kuti mukuwasha wangu
ishumba chaiyo pakudya nyama. Takatarisa chirevo ichi tinoona kuti mukuwasha
akaenzaniswa neshumba pakudya nyama.

Vazhinji vanokanganisika chose kana takatarisa enzaniso nefananidzo. Rega

nditi pane mutsauko wacho unogona kusapaona kana usina kutarisisa. Vazhinji
vanofunga kuti fananidzo neenzaniso zvakafanana. Mutsauko wacho ndewokuti
paenzaniso hatishandisi chivakashure /se-/ sezvatinoita pafananidzo. Pafananidzo
tinoti akafira mafufu /se-/gonzo. Tinogonawo kuti nyama yacho yainhuwa /se-/
chidembo. Ndiwo mutsauko mukuru uri pafananidzo neenzaniso.

15.2.1 Zvokuita
Uchishandisa mazwi ari pazasi zadzisa zvirevo izvi uchishandisa enzaniso inokodzera.
a) Mukomana uyu pakumhanya------- chaiyo
b) Kana zviri zvorunako mwana uyu-------chairo
c) Vana ava pakukwata-----------------chaidzo
d) Meno acho kuchena------------------------chaiwo
e) Tarirai-----------------chaiyo pakurwa
f) Varume-----------chaidzo dzisinganeti kurezviwa

pwere, mukaka, mvumba, imbwa, mhepo, zuva

Wakafanira kutarisisa mutsauko uripo pakati peenzaniso nefananidzo. Ukasatarisisa
uchaona sokuti zvakafanana.

15.2.2 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

a) Mukomana uyu pakumhanya imhepo chaiyo
b) Kana zviri zvorunako mwana uyu izuva chairo
c) Vana ava pakukwata imbwa chaidzo
d) Meno acho kuchena mukaka chaiwo

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e) Tarirai imvumba chaiyo pakurwa
f) Varume ipwere chaidzo dzisinganeti kurezviwa

Kana ukanyatsotarisisa uchaona kuti pose patinoshandisa enzaniso hatiisi

chivakashure /se-/ sezvatinoita pafananidzo. Paenzaniso tinoshandisa /i-/ kana
kungonyora enzaniso yedu sezvairi. Tinovimba wawanavo mhinduro dzakafanana
nedzandapa. Kana wadziwana wabaya gudo nomukanwa. Kana uine pawaita
musiyapaduku tinoda kukukurudzira kuti unyatsopatarisisa upanzwisise.

15.2.3 Zvokuita
Umba zvirevo zvakakodzera uchishandisa fananidzo dzinotevera
a) nguruve
b) shumba
c) bere
d) uchi
e) ngirozi
f) gamba

15.2 4 Chenjedzo
• Nyatsotarisa mutsauko wefananidzo neenzaniso paunenge uchipindura
mibvunzo iyi.Tinovimba mushure mekunzwisisa mutsauko wandakupa
pamusoro peenzaniso nefananidzo hauna kutatarika pakuwana mhinduro
dzakanaka.Hedzino mhinduro dzaungadai wawana pawapindura pamibvunzo
iyi.
• Pakushandisa fananidzo mazwi ako ngaave eChiShona chaiwo.

15.3 Maumbirwe omutauro - Zviratidzanguva

Unorangarira muzvitsauko zvapfuura tichitarisa midzi yezviito uye rebeso dzezviito
dzakasiyana-siyana. Muchitsauko chino tinoda kuti utarise zviratidzanguva
zvakasiyana- siyana. Zviratidzanguva zvinotitaridza nguva inenge yaitika chinhu.
Kana chiito chisina chiratidzanguva haugoni kuziva kuti chakaitika riini. Magwa
(2012) anoti utwu nditwo twuvakazwi tunopangidza kuti zviri kurehwa nechiito
zvaitwa riini. Zviratidzanguva zviri muzvikwata zvitatu zvinoti

15.3.1 Chiratidzanguva chenguva yazvino

Nguva yazvino ine mhandonyana mbiri dzinoti:
i. Chiratidzanguva chenguva yazvino yezvinogaroitika chinomirirwa na /-no-/
somuenzaniso
Va/-no-/pinda chikoro pano
A/-no-/tamba naRuramai
A/-no-/shanda kwaMutare

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ii. Chiratidzanguva chenguva yazvino yezviri kuenderera mberi kana zviripo
panguva iyoyo somuenzaniso
Ndiri kumunyorera gwaro
Tiri kuenda kuchikoro
Apa chiratidzanguva hachionekwi asi chakadengezerwa nemudzi
wechiitogama /-ri/

15.3.2 Chiratidzanguva chezvakapfuura/zvenguva yakare

Ichi chiratidzanguva chine mhandonyana nhatu dzinoti
i. Chiratidzanguva yakare (inotangira pana nezuro ichidzoka kumashure). Ichi
chiratidzanguva chinomiririrwa na/-ka/ somuenzaniso:
Nda/-ka-musungisa gore rapera
A/-ka-/ rima nababa vake mwedzi wapera
Va/ka-/enda naye kuchipatara
Va/ka-/torerwa minda yavo yose
ii. Chiratidzanguva chenguva ichangopfuura (iri muzuva ranhasi). Iyi nguva
inoratidzwa na/-a-/ somuenzaniso
/-a-/rangwa nemukuru wechikoro
V/-a-/shayika muawa yapfuura
Nd/a-/enda naye kuchipatara
/a-/rohwa nemheni
/a-/tsikwa nebhazi
iii. Chiratidzanguva chenguva yakare yezvaigaroitika. Nguva iyi inoratidzwa
na/-i-/ somuenzaniso,
Vakuru vekare va/-i-/vhima mhuka
Kumba kwedu ta/-i-/gara nechikafu chakaringana
Va/-i-/imba nziyo vachiridza ngoma

15.3.3 Chiratidzanguva chezviri mberi/zvichaitika

Ichi chiratidzanguva chinotaridza zvichaitika munguva inotevera. Chiratidzanguva
ichi chine paviri sokuti,
i. Nguva ichauya inoratidzwa na/-cha-/ somuenzaniso
Ndi/cha/nomutora mangwana
Va/cha-/enda kundonyoresa mazita masikati
Va/-cha-/mutengera rokwe remavara mavara
ii. Nguva yezvava kuda kutoitika inotaridzwa na /-o-/ somuenzaniso
Nd/-o-/uya zvino zvino
T/-o-/tamba kana ngoma yarira

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 15.3.4 Chenjedzo
Zviratidzanguva zvinowanzoteedzana nezviratidzamuiti asi zviratidzamuiti zviri izvo
zvinotanga zviratidzanguva zvichitevera.

Tinovimba wanzwisisa chidzidzo chomutauro wezviratidzanguva.Ngwarira kudzokera

kuchidzidzo woverenga zvekare uchinyatsotevedza pfungwa kuti zvinamire
mumusoro.Kana uchinge wadai wagadzirira zvino kupindura mibvunzo inotevera.

Zvokuita
1. Taridza mhando yechiratidzanguva chiri muzvirevo zvinotevera:
i) Vachandotenga chingwa mangwana
ii) Vamhanya kuchikoro kwavanodzidza
iii) Aenda neshamwari dzake kudhorobha
iv) Vakamutorera mari yake yose
v) Auya nebanga rakapinza akacheka nyama
vi) Vakatozomusiya afa
vii) Totenga kana chitoro chavhurwa
viii) Vana ava vaigara vachidya zvinonaka

Mhinduro inotarisirwa

i. Nguva ichauya
ii. Nguva yazvino
iii. Nguva ichangopfuura
iv. Nguva yakapfuura
v. Nguva yapfuura
vi. Nguva yakapfuura
vii. Nguva yezvava kuda kutoitika
viii. Nguva yakapfuura

15.3.6 Chenjedzo:
• Rangarira kuti chiratidzanguva chinoreva nguva yakaitika chiitiko
• Rangarirawo mhandonyana yezviratidzanguva zvakasiyana siyana.

15.4 Rondedzero - Tsananguro

Muzvitsauko zvapfuura wakatarisa mhando dzerondedzero dzakasiyanana-siyana
kusanganisira nhaurirano, nhaurwa, uye tsamba. Wakatarisawo kuti rondedzero

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yakanaka inonyorwa sei wakanangana nokubatanidza nokupatsanura mazwi. Zvino
muchitsauko chino tinoda kuti utarise imwe mhando yerondedzero inova mhando
yerondedzero yetsananguro. Iyi ndiyo mhando yerondedzero inowanzowanikwa
mubvunzo dzako dzokupera kwegore.

Chakakosha kana uchinyora mhando yerondedzero yakadai kukwanisa

kurondedzera zvizere zvinozadza mukombe zvose zvakaitika. Pakunyora mhando
yerondedzero yakadai tinoti chinosara kutaurwa chine mudzimu wacho. Ndipo
paunofanira kushandisa unyanzvi hwako hwokurondedzera chiitiko chakaitika.

Musoro wemhando yerondedzero yakadai unogona kuwanikwa nenzira

dzakasiyana-siyana. Dzimwe nguva inogona kuita tsumo yaunofanira kududzira
zvainoreva. Neimwe nguva rinogona kungoita izwi rimwe chete zvakafanana nokuti
“Nzara” kana kuti “Ngozi”. Musoro wakadai unenge uchida kuti utsanangure
zvose zvaunonzwisisa pamusoro wakadai. Ungatanga nokutsanangura kuti chii
chinonzi nzara kana ngozi mushure wozopa zvikonzero zvacho. Mushure mazvose
ungatsanangura zvingaitwa kupedza nyatwa dzakadai.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva chimiro cherondedzero yakadai sokuti paunonyora bvunzo

dzako dzokupera kwegore unotarisirwa kugona kuronga nokunyora rondedzero
iyoyo.

15.4.1 Nhangayaya
Nhanganyaya inongova nzwisa chete yenyaya yaunenge uchataura nezvayo mukati.
Unofanira kuita kuti munhu achaverenga nhanganyaya yako ave nechidakadaka
chokuramba achiverenga. Nhanganyaya inenge iri pfupi chose uye haitauri zvizhinji
asi basa rayo nderokukwezva muverengi kuti afarire kuverenga rondedzero yako.
Nhanganyaya inonyorwa mundima imwe chete.

15.4.2 Mutumbi
Uyu ndiwo watinoti muzongoza werondedzero yako nokuti chinosara kutaurwa apa
chine mudzimu wacho. Ndipo panobuda pfungwa huru dzose uye zvikuru zvaunoda
kutaura nezvazvo zvinobuda pamutumbi. Nechikonzero chinoti, pamutumbi ndipo
panobuda pfungwa dzakawanda zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mutumbi werondedzero
une ndima dzakawanda kana kuti unonyorwa muzvikamu zvikamu. Unosungirwa
kuronga pfungwa dzako zvakanaka uye ndima imwe neimwe inofanira kubudisa
pfungwa imwe inokosha. Mutumbi werondedzero ndiwo unotora ndima yakakura
chose.

Pamutumbi werondedzero ndipo panowanikwa mhosho dzakawanda

dzaunofanira kuchenjerera. Mhosho idzi dzinosanganisa zviperengo uye batanidzo
nepatsanuro yemazwi. Vazhinji vanorashikirwa nezvibodzwa zvakawanda nokuda
kwokutadza kubatanidza nokupatsanura mazwi. Mumutumbi werondedzero
vazhinji vanoshandisa mutaurosvorwa kana kuti mamwe mazwi echizvinozvino

27
asingawanikwi mumutauro wedu weChiShona. Ngatitii unoda kunyora nezvasekuru
vane makore akawanda kana kuti nezvemunhu mukuru, haukurudzirwi kushandisa
mutaurosvorwa wakafanana nokuti, mudhara. Unotarisirwa kushandisa ChiShona
chemandorokwati kwete mutauro wakasvoreka.

Sezvo waona kuti mumutumbi werondedzero ndimo mune zvizhinj zvokunyora uye
waziva kuti hapana chinofanira kusara kutaurwa unokurudzirwa kushandisa mutauro
wakapfuma kana kugona kurunga mutauro wako. Pakurunga mutauro unogona
kushandisa tsumo, madimikira, nyaudzosingwi kuti zvaunoda kutaura nezvazvo
zvibude pachena. Zvirungamutauro zvose zvinofanira kushandiswa panokodzera
kwete kuzongonyora chirungamutauro nokuti unochiziva. Zvirungamutauro
ngazvikubatsire kuti nyaya yako inakidze kwete kuzopedzisira zvovhiringidza
muverengi.

15.4.3 Mhedziso
Ichi chikamu ndechokupeta zvawataura nezvazvo mumutumbi werondedzero yako.
Kazhinji kacho mhedziso inobata pfungwa huru dzapiwa mundima. Pamwe pacho
mhedziso inopa pfungwa dzose nepapfupi. Zvakakosha kurangarira kuisa mhedziso
murondedzero yako nokuti ukasaisa mhedziso unosiya muverengi ari mumhepo.
Vanyori vazhinji vanokanganwa kuisa mhedziso murondedzero dzavo. Tinoda kuti
urangarire kuisa mhedziso kana uchinge wapedza kunyora rondedzero yako.

15.4.4 Zvokuita
Nyora rondedzero uchitsanangura nezvemuchato wawakakokwa kuti uite
muperekedzi.Rondedzero yako haifaniri kudarika pashizha matatu (50)

15.4.5 Chenjedzo:
• Rangarira kuti pakuita basa rako rose unofanira kunyatsoronga.
• Unofanira kurangarira kuti rondedzero hainyorwi mundima imwe naizvozvo
rangarira kuisa rondedzero yako muzvikamu zvikamu.
• Kana uchinyora rondedzero rangarira kuti mutauro wako unofanira kurungwa
zvakakodzera netsumo, madimikira nenyaudzosingwi
• Pakupedzisira rangarira kuisa mhedziso parondedzero yako

15.5 Misambo - Mativi mana enyika

Muchitsauko 14 chapfuura wakadzidza nezvakakoshera kuziva mativi mana enyika.
Pakapiwa zvikonzero zvakawanda zvaipangidza kukosha kwokuziva paugere uye
kuzivawo mativi mana enyika. Kuziva mativa mana enyika kureva kuti unogona
kutsanangura nezvenzvimbo yaunogara uye unogona kufamba kubva paunenge uri

28
kuenda pane imwe nzvimbo usingarasike. Unogonawo kutsanangurira umwe munhu
uchimuudza nezveimwe nzvimbo kana uchizwisisa mativi mana enyika.

Muchikamu chino tinoda kuti ushandise ruzivo rwako rwemativi mana enyika kuita
basa randichakupa. Pane zviwanikwa zvemunyika medu zvakaita sezvicherwa,
masango, nezvirimwa. Zvino pamepu inotevera tinoda kuti ushandise ruzivo rwako
rwemativi mana enyika kutsanangura kufararira kwakaita zviwanikwa zvemasango
akasiyana - siyana anotaridzwa pamepu iyi.

15.5.1 Zvokuita
1. Uchishandisa mepu iri pazasi uye ruzivo rwako rwemativi mana enyika
tinoda kuti utsanangure kupararira kwakaita masango akasiyana-siyana ari
pamepu iyi uchishandisa ruzivo rwako rwemativi mana enyika.

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 15.5.2 Chenjedzo:
• Shandisa ruzivo rwako rwemativi mana enyika kutsanangura pose paunoona
panowanikwa masango emhando ipi zvayo.

15.5.3 Muenzaniso
Masango eMupani Savanna anowanikwa kumatunhu ari kuchamhembe kweguta
reMasvingo uyevo kumatunhu ari kumaodzanyemba kweguta reHarare.
Chamhembe nemaodzanyemba ashandiswa pakutaridza kunowanikwa masango
emhando yeMupani Savanna. Wkafanira kudai pamasango ose ataridzwa pamepu
iri pamusoro.

15.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko

Tinovimba chitsauko chino chakubatsira chose kuita dzokororo yezvimwe
zvidzidzo zvawakambosangana nazvo kumashure. Tinovimba wasanganawo
nezvimwe zvidzidzo kekutanga uye kuti wazvizwisisa. Muchikamu chinowo zvekare
uchasangana nebvunzonyana apo tinoda kuona kuti uri kunzwisisa here zvatakaita
kumashure. Tora nguva yako pakuita bvunzo iyi uye tinoda kuti kana paine zvausina
kunzwisisa udzokere muzvitsauko zvako uchiita dzokororo.

Bvunzo

Nzwisiso
Rimwe gore ivhu rakamedza mbeu sezvo mvura yainge yaramba kuturuka. Vazhinji
vakabva vangoita kangembeu kurima kwaramba. Masadzimba nemajaya vakaperera
muchirungu kwavaienda kundopambara mabasa. Madzimai, harahwa pamwechete
nechembere ndivo chete vainge vongoonekwa kumusha. Vasikana vaiva
vapererawo mumapurazi airima donje. Uku kwaiva kuda kutsvaga chingaunza upfu
mudzimba. Chegorero vamwe vakapotsa vadya imbwa. Nzara yegore iri yaigwauta
seimbwa kuti huu huu.

Paingunodai madzimai neharahwa kuita mitsimba nenzara kumamisha, Badza aive

achingotochaira mumapurazi. Pari zvino muromo wake waiva waoma kuti papata
dumbu rawira mukati kuti kobo, kufamba kwacho kwangove kwokugwedaidza
mabvi. Izvozvo aiva akananga pane imwe komboni iri mupurazi riri pedyo neZaloba,
achiita mufambiro wokuti gumbo musango, kunge munhu ainge aradza muromo
mugate rehwahwa. Maitiro akadai aya aingotaridza oga kuti nzara, gamba guru,
yaive yamusunga mbiradzakondo.

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Kunyange zvazvo Badza aingodai kufamba akasvavisa miromo kunge uswa
hwarohwa nechando, maziso ake ainyara nyika kunge ishe atorerwa ushe hwake,
zvaingoratidza kuti akangorova misuva mishanu aibva angove chivhindikiti cherume.

Achifamba kudai akabva angosarudza imba yanga yakanyatsovakwa. Imba

iyi yaitaridza kuti muridzi wayo yaiva hurudza yamakoko. Mapanzure yose
yaimuzengezana. Aive asingafungidziri kuti aizofa akakumbira sadza pamusha usiri
wake. Sadza chairo kwete. Asi vakuru vakati apedza nhamo ndeavanda muguva.

Musi uyu mwanakomana akapara ganda kumeso ndokutanga kutaura oga achiti
“Mwana asingachemi anofira mumbereko, ndinofanira kuenda pamusha uyo
ndinokumbira sadza. Asika nhasi pandicharionera jena, panofa dumbu kuchisara
sadza. Handifungi kuti pane munhu anganyima munhu sadza chairo iro achiita
rokutopa imbwa. Yaa, paimba yandava kusvika iyi inotaridza kuti ndeyaforomani.
Komboni yose handina kumboona imba yakanaka seiyi.

Ave pedyo nemba iyi akabvisa nguwani yake mumusoro ndokutanga kuombera
achiti, “Tisvikewo vepano. Tauyawo tiri mhuru yarasika kumafuro. Zvino tave
kutsvagawo vane minyatso yokutiyamwisa.

“Svikai zvenyu mhanduwe” akapindura Zvaringesu mudzimai waforomani. “Ko

tikukwaziseika. Masiya vakadiiwo kwamabva?”

Zviripiko mambokadzi. Tichagozviita seiko idzo nhamo takaita zvokudzitakudzwa

nevechinyakare. Mapfudzi atosvotoka nekudzitakura. Zvangova zvemeso muromo
torovera hoko. Ka…”

“Azvipedza ndeafa Kana u…” VaZvaringesu havana kuzopedzisa sezvo Badza aive
atove kutaura

“Mazuva ano upenyu hwaoma. Zvinhu zvose zvangove zvechikuruku amai mwana.
Uti uchigara kumamisha uchirima mvura dzacho kunaya kwadzo kwangove
kwemikoto. Inogona kuturuka pano ikazadza hova asi chifamba mitunhu umwe
chete unoona pasi pachitopfumbuka huruva. Chiedzawo kuenda kuchirungu
kundotsvaga basa woona kuti mabasa ava echiokomunhava.”

“Ichokwadi chamuri kutaura vahazvanzi. Ko mabuda nepiko? Vakabvunza

vaZvaringesu. “Ndinobva kwaMapanzure amai”. Ndini Badza ndichiera Shoko, Ko
baba vepano vari pano here?”

“Kana mukavamirira munovaona. Asi zuva rinenge ratove kugara miti. Semunhu
waforomani havagari pasi. Pane zvamanga muchivadira here”

“Amai muchindiona kudai handichagoni nenzara. Ndotoziya zvandiri pano kudai.

Kutaura kwese uku kwandiri kuita kutozvimanikidza somunhu wemurume. Ndapotsa
ndafira mukasango ako kari pedo nekomboni ino”

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“Hoo nhai. Chete pakaoma vahazvanzi kuti kuti ndikugadzikirei tsaiya pachoto
murume wangu asipo. Motomumirira kusvika auya.” Hana yaBadza yakatanga
kurova neshungu. Akabva angogwambisa chiso chake kunge mafuta aiswa
muchando. Chiso chake chaive chaunyana unyana senyama yenhoro yakaomeswa
muzuva. Miromo yake yaive yangochena kuti mburetete kunge furo romukaka
raomera pamunyatso.

VaZvaringesu vakaramba vakangomutarisa ndokubva vatanga kutaura voga vachiti,

“Chokwadi murume uyu haachagoni nenzara, ndomunyima here iro riripo?Omirira
murume here kusvika adzoka?Kwete dzimwe nguva angandifira pano ndikazobatana
nacho.

Badza akatozofara paakanzwa VaZvaringesu vave kuti, Kana muchida henyu kudzora
moyo musingasemi mopinda mumba umo modya muradzwa urimo. Munodya sadza
rakasara here.?

“Chaizvo. Kusema nyama yechidembo hunge uine yetsuro amai. Rangu dumbu
ndimakuvazvose nhava yerombe. Chiregai ndipinde mumba ndidzore moyo. Chako
ndechawadya. Izvozvi ndikaramba ndiri panze kudai imbwa inogona kupinda tiri
pano kudai ikaukuta sadza ndiro dzikasara dzangove mazen’e pendi yose yamarwa
marwa”

Muchidaro? Vakabvunza vaZvaringesu vachiseka zvavo. “Chaizvo. Murombo

haarovi chine nguvo. Ndoosaka vakuru vaizoti uswa hwenyati ndehuri muura”.
Rakadembetera sadza rume guru kunge zvinonzi raiva rapedza svondo yose risina
kumboti chidyo mukanwa kobo.

Vave mumba VaRwaringesu vakanyara muka mweni muradzwa sadza shiye riripo
parutivi rwechoto. Vakatora Sadza ravaiva vasiira VaForomani raisehwa nembeva
ndokuripa Badza. Badza akabva angotivo hekanhi waro mudzimu wazondiwanira
pedyo. Akatanga kuita hwemombe yabva kusina uswa. Ndiro dzakaona pfumvu
musi uyu nokukweviwa kweviwa. Musi uyu ndiro dzakachema dzikachemazve. Ari
mubishi rokupanda sadza kudai, VaForomani vakabva vangotiwo mumba nyengu.

“Kwaziwai babamunini”, ndavaForomani Murambiwa vaingotaura vachiita

zvokuomba kunge ngunzi iri mudanga mayo. Simba aitoita zvokutsinzinyira zvake.
Izvi zvaingotaridza kuti madanha echiri pacho kucherera doro.
(Ndima iyi yakabva mubepa rebvunzo dzeZimbabwe Schools examinations
Council)

(a) Ipa ndima yawaverenga musoro wakakodzera (1)

(b) Badza aiva nomukurumbira we kumusha kwake kwaMapanzure (1)
(c) Chii chakaita kuti VaZvaringesu vapedzisira vapa samba Sadza (1)
(d) Nyora chirevo kubva mundima chinotaridza kuti nhamo yegore iri yakanga
yashayisa vanhu mazano (2)

32
(e) Tsanangura zvinoreva ndevo dzinotevera sokushandiswa kwadzakaita
mundima yawaverenga
(i) Ivhu rakamedza mbeu (2)
(ii) Apedza nhamo ndeavanda muguva (2)
(iii) Kusema nyama yechidembo hunge uine yetsuro (2)
(iv) Akatanga kuita hwemombe yabva kusina uswa. (2)
(v) Madanha echiri pacho kuchera doro (2)
(f) Nemhaka yei vanhu vakaperera kumapurazi nokuchirungu (2)
(g) Foromani izita rebasa ipa mazita aVaForomani chaiwo (2)
(h) Nemazwi ako pachezvako asingadariki makumi mashanu, pfupisa ndima
yawaverenga (10)
[30]

1. Dudziro tsumo dzinotevera

(i) Gengezha mukombe------------------------
(ii) Ane maoko maviri---------------------------
(iii) Gunguwo kuseka zizi------------------------
(iv) Mombe yokuronzerwa-----------------------
(v) Chiri pamuchena chiri------------------------ (5)

2. Tsanangura zvinoreva madimikira anotevera.

(i) Kutorwa nedenga
(ii) Kuita gundamusaira
(iii) Kuisa maoko
(iv) Kuita museve waenda neuma
(v) Kubaira zanhi (5)

3. Shandisa mazwi anotevera muzvirevo zvinoburitsa zvinhu zviviri

zvaanoreva
(i) gara
(ii) juru
(iii) doro
(iv) gura
(v) dziva (5)

4. Zadzisa zvirevo zvinotevera nenyaudzosingwi dzakakodzerana nezviito

zviripo
(i) Mudzidzisi akaona maziso emwana akati---------------kutsvuka akabva
azviziva kuti ainge akadhakwa nedoro.
(ii) Tsuro yakandoti mumwena-------------kupinda.
(iii) Mai Chenzira vakagumburwa nedombo, hari yavakange vakatakura
ndokuti--------kuputsika.
(iv) Dutavanhu rakati----------kuenda ndokusiiwa vachiita nyaya.
(v) Maria akati------------kuridza mhere anzwa zverufu rwababa vake (5)

33
Chikamu III: Maumbirwe omutauro
Pindura mibvunzo mitatu chete muchikamu chino

5. (a) Ita kuti mazita anotevera ave muuzhinji. Sarudza mana chete
Muswe
Rukova
Rwendo
Jira
Chanza
Munhu (4)
(b) Tsanangura maumbirwe emazita mana awaisa muuzhinji uchiratidza
mipanda yawo (6)

6. (a) Doma zvikwata zvezvidudziramazita anotevera

Rwose mose nhete mupi
Chino kumwe pai vakanaka
Murefu vangu vasina yababa
(b) Tsanangura maumbirwe ezvikwata zvina uchipa mazwi ari pamusoro
somuenzaniso [4]

7. (a) Kubva muzvirevo zvinotevera nyurura zviito ugotaridza zvinotevera

(i) chiito chashandiswa
(ii) mudzi wechiito chacho
(iii) rebeso yashandiswa pachiito chacho
(iv) zita rerebeso yacho
(a) Mbuya vakabikira sekuru doro (2)
(b) Mwana waManyawi uya anoroveka nyore (2)
(c) Kasikana kakatambisa pamuchato (2)
(d) Muvaki akapfurunura imba yedu (2)
(e) Anosekerera chaizvo nerudo (2)

8. Nyora zvirevo uchishandisa dzitsi rechiito /-cheka/ riri murebeso

dzinotevera
(i) yekuitira (2)
(ii) yegoneko (2)
(iii) yekuitwa (2)
(iv) yekonzero (2)
(vi) yemherevedzo (2)

9. Chiito choga choga chine mutsetse pasi pacho chine chiratidzanguva

(tense sign) chipi? Nyora chitaridzanguva (tense sign) chacho uye
ugodoma zita racho.
(a) Hama dzangu dzinogara kwaseke (2)
(b) Takasvika zuva ratodoka (2)
(c) Nguva zhinji inga taifamba tose. (2)

34
(d) Vakaba vacharangwa zvikuru nomutemo (2)
(e) Aenda kumusha kwake (2)
(f) Ndouya neshamhu here? (2)

Mhinduro inotarisirwa

(i) Gore renzara

(j) Badza aizivikanwa nokurima (1)
(k) Vakatya kuti aizogona kuvafira pamba pavo
(l) Chegorero vamwe vakapotsa vadya imbwa.
(m) Tsanangura zvinoreva ndevo dzinotevera sokushandiswa kwadzakaita
mundima yawaverenga
(vi) Mbeu dzakaramba kumera
(vii) Apedza nhamo ndeanenge afa
(viii) Kana uchiramba chimwe chinhu unenge uchiziva zvimwe
zvingakubatsira
(ix) Kudya zvinotaridza kuti aiva nenzara
(x) Munhu anoita manyemwe kana ari pamba pake
(n) Vaida kundotsvaga basa nezvimwe zvingavabatsira
(o) Simba Murambiwa

5. Dudziro tsumo dzinotevera

(vi) Gengezha mukombe hazvienzani nokumwira mudemhe
(vii) Ane maoko maviri haatsvi nenyemba
(viii) Mombe yokuronzerwa kama wakaringa nzira
(ix) Chiri pamuchena chiri pamutsvedu

6. Tsanangura zvinoreva madimikira anotevera.

(vi) Kutorwa nedenga- kufa
(vii) Kuita gundamusaira- kungotevera kunoenda vamwe usingazivi
(viii) Kuisa maoko- Kubvunza mufaro kuvanhu vakuru
(ix) Kuita museve waenda neuma - Kuenda wotadza kudzoka
(x) Kubaira zanhi - kupa mumwe mazano

7. Shandisa mazwi anotevera muzvirevo zvinoburitsa zvinhu zviviri

zvaanoreva
(vi) a. Akaridza mhere paakaona gara richimuvinga
b. Akaramba akagara pasi vamwe vachisimuka
(vii) a. Akaridza mhere paakarumwa nejuru
b.Akaridza mhere paakaona gava richibuda mujuru
(viii) a. Doro racho rakavadhaka chose
b. Vakarima mupunga muzhinji mudoro mavo gore rino.
(ix) a. Akagura chingwa nepakati akavapa
b. Havana kukohwa pakuru nokuti vakarima gura gore rino
(x) a. Dziva racho raizivikanwa nengwena dzairura
b. Muchaita akazovadziva vachida kutemana nematemo

35
8. Zadzisa zvirevo zvinotevera nenyaudzosingwi dzakakodzerana nezviito
zviripo
(vii) Mudzidzisi akaona maziso emwana akati piriviri kutsvuka akabva
azviziva kuti ainge akadhakwa nedoro.
(viii) Tsuro yakandoti mumwena ngori kupinda.
(ix) Mai Chenzira vakagumburwa nedombo, hari yavakange vakatakura
ndokuti mwadzakata kuputsika.
(x) Dutavanhu rakati pfumbu kuenda ndokusiiwa vachiita nyaya.
(xi) Maria akati kwetsu kuridza mhere anzwa zverufu rwababa vake (5)

Chikamu III: Maumbirwe omutauro

Pindura mibvunzo mitatu chete muchikamu chino

5. (a) Ita kuti mazita anotevera ave muuzhinji. Sarudza mana chete
Muswe - miswe
Rukova- rukova
Rwendo - nzendo
Jira- machira
Chanza - zvanza
Munhu - vanhu

(b) Tsanangura maumbirwe emazita mana awaisa muuzhinji uchiratidza

mipanda yawo (6)

6. (a) Doma zvikwata zvezvidudziramazita anotevera

Rwose mose nhete mupi
Chino kumwe pai vakanaka
Murefu vangu vasina yababa
(b) Tsanangura maumbirwe ezvikwata zvina uchipa mazwi ari pamusoro
somuenzaniso [4]

7. (a) Kubva muzvirevo zvinotevera nyurura zviito ugotaridza zvinotevera

(i) chiito chashandiswa
(ii) mudzi wechiito chacho
(iii) rebeso yashandiswa pachiito chacho
(iv) zita rerebeso yacho
(f) (i) Bikira
(ii) -ikir-
(iii) -ir-
(iv) rebeso yokuitira
(g) (i) Anoroveka
(ii) -rovek-
(iii) -ek-
(iv) rebeso yokuitika

36
(h) (i) kakatambisa
(ii) -tambis-
(iii) -is-
(iv) yenyanyiso
(i) (i) Anosekerera
(ii) -sekerer-
(iii) -erer-
(iv) yemherevedzo

9. Chiito choga choga chine mutsetse pasi pacho chine chiratidzanguva

(tense sign) chipi? Nyora chitaridzanguva (tense sign) chacho uye
ugodoma zita racho.
(a) Chezvinogaroitika
(b) Nguva yakapfuura
(c) zvaigaroitika munguva yakapfuura
(d) nguva inotevera
(e) nguva ichangobva kupfuura
(f) nguva yazvino

37
Chitsauko 16: MAKAKATANWA
Zviri Mukati:
16.4 Nzwisiso - Makakatanwa
16.5 Kushandiswa kwomutauro - Chirerutsamutauro
16.6 Maumbirwo omutauro- Kupatsanura chiito
16.7 Rondedzero - Mhan’aro
16.8 Musambo-Zviziviso

Nhanganyaya
Ko, iwe wakaverenga mabhuku mangani orurimi rwaamai kubvira zvawakatanga
chidzidzo chino? Kuverenga zvinyorwa zviri mururimi rwedu ndikoka kunoita kuti
ukwanise kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro porurimi urwu. Gore risati rapera ona kuti
waverenga mabhuku ane chitsama asiri amunodzidza mukirasi. Uchaona kuti ukaera
watanga kuverenga mabhuku woga hauzomboda kuarega nokuti iwo mabhuku aya
mitakunanzva yoga yoga. Uchayeuka here kuti muchitsauko chapfuura wakadzidza
pamusoro pei? Tafara kuti hauna hanganwa sedzegunguo. Zvinhu zvinofadza kuti
uchiri kuyeuka kuti takakurukura pamusoro pekunyora pfupiso, kuumba zvirevo,
zviito, rondedzero yenyaya, uye nemisambo zvinova zvinokubatsira kubudirira
muchidzidzo chino.

Zvino chidzidzo chedu chomuchitsauko chino uchapfuurira mberi nekudzidza

mutauro kuburikidza nekuratidza unyanzvi hwekugona kuteerera, kutaura,
kuverenga, kunyora zvinova zvinogona kukubatsira pakudzidza kwako. Hatisi
kugumira ipapo uchange uchidzidza kuverenga nekugona kupindura mibvunzo
yenzwisiso, mashandisirwo omutauro kuburikidza nezvirerutsamutauro, maumbirwo
omutauro, kunyora rondedzero yemhando yemhan’aro uye musambo wekuzivisa.
Tinovimba kuti wagadzirira kubuda muchitsauko chino wava kuziva mutauro wedu
kuburikidza nekuushandisa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana.

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko chino unofanirwa kunge wokwanisa:

• Kuburitsa pfungwa dzine udzamu nekupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso kubva
mundima yaunenge wapihwa.
• Kududzira nekushandisa mutauro wechirerutsamutauro.
• Kupatsanura chiito nekutsanangura zvivakiso zvacho.
• Kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora mhando yerondedzero yemhan’aro.
• Kutsanangura musambo wekuzivisa mashoko

38
 16.2 Mazwi anokosha kuziva
(a) Dhumukwa - imhuka yomudondo inogara pedyo nenzizi inowanzofamba
nedzimwe.
(b) Chinu chamafuta - chitende chaichengeterwa mafuta okuzora navanhukadzi
kare.
(c) Maduduru - aya maitiro okugara mumwe pachipfuva kana muchirwa.
(d) Nhundu - chiimba chamago.
(e) Uturu - ihasha dzakakomba dzinoitwa nemunhu.

Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino uchdzidza

chidzidzo ichi.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

• Kuverenga
• Kuongorora
• Kupenengura
• Kunyora
• Kuteerera

16.1 Nzwisiso
Chimboongorora magariro amunoita munharaunda kana mudunhu renyu?
Waoneiko pakugarisana kwenyu? Hongu waona kuti mumagariro enyu pane zvizhinji
zvinoitika zvingava zvinofadza kana kusuwisa. Isu vanhasi tine chidzidzo chatinowana
kubva kumagariro aiita vakuru vedu pasichigare. Vaigara pamwe chete vachiita
mushandirapamwe mumabasa avo uye vaiva nechirwirangwe mumatambudziko.
Vaigara semhuri imwe chete. Izvi hazvaimboreva kuti vaimbomutsana kana
kurwisana kwete, asi kuti vaichimbidzoregererana mune zvavaitadzirana vogarisana
zvakare muchechetere. Tinovimba kuti wakamboona vanhu vachinetsana kana kuti
kusawirirana kuburikidza nezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana.

Makakatanwa kusagadzikana kwezvinhu pakati pevanhu. Zvino tinoda kuti utarise

zvikonzero zvinoita kuti vanhu vanetsane uye kugadziriswa kunoitwa zvinetso
izvi. Zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti makakatanwa anokonzerwa nekuda kwezvinhu
zvinotevera:
• kuva nesimba,
• kusafamba zvakanaka kwemashoko,
• ruvengo kana kuti godo,
• kusiyana kwezvitendero nezvimwewo.

39
Vanhu vanokwanisa kupedza makakatanwa kuburikidza nezvinotevera:
• nekubvuma kukurirwa,
• kuteerera nekupawo mafungiro evamwe mukana.

Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kunzwisisa zvinoita kuti vanhu vanetsane zvinova

zvinodaidzwa kuti makakatanwa. Tinoda kuti ushandise hunyanzvi hwako
hwokuverenga wozopindura mibvunzo inotevera. Zvakakosha kuti uverenge ndima
iyi kaviri kana kudarika woita zvaunonzi uite kana wapedza.

PACHAVA NEMUFANANIDZO WEMUSIKANA ARI KUDZIVISA AMAI

VAKE VARI PAMUTI VAKABATA TAMBO VARI KUDA KUZVISUNGIRIRA
NOKUDARO VARI KUKAKAVADZANA

Nyatsoverenga nyaya iyi ugopindura mibvunzo yose inotevera.

Achangopinda mumba chete akanzwa mai vake vachiti, “Zvino ndorega
kuperekedza munhu akandishanyira here?”
Baba vakapindura. “Kuperekedza? Mazuva ose here? Nzira haaizivi here? Icho
chamunombotaura chii chisingaperi? Ndizvo zvawakandidzingira mumba matairara
tose uchiti ndinonhuwa nhai? Kuti unyatsosasana nezvikomba zvako nhai?”
“Mujubheki hachisi chikomba changu…….” “Usandipindure kana ndine
zvandinotaura! Ukati unondinzwa? Wakawana ndakura. Usaona vhudzi rangu
kuchena kudai ukati ndakazvarwa ndakadaro.”
“Ndonyarara uchindituka zvakadaro here? Uchindinyepera?”“Hiya! Nyarara uti zi-i
unzwe zvatinoda kutaura.Muroyi ane gona rinomema nzungu!”
“Unoti ndingarara kana uchindituka zvakadaro here?”
“Ibasa rako rokutukwa. Iwe wakandibvira riini? Iwe wakandibvira riini? Wakabvira
riini uchindiroya nezvikomba zvako? Iye zvino tinoda kuti urege kufamba kose
kwauri kuita naMujubheki. Kana kuruwadzano hauchaenda, wazvinzwa? Tinoda kuti
ugare pano pamusha chete,”
“Wati chii? Ukandiona ndiri pano undibvunze. Ndatoti pane zvimwe zvaunoda
kutaura. Unozviziva kuti Mujubheki haasi chikomba changu, saka handiregi kufamba
naye. Kana uchida enda undomhan’ara kwaNyoka. Handina basa nazvo ini.
Usafunge kuti kana iwe wachembera hako, neniwo ndachembera.”
“Uno uturu nhai? Uno uturu hunopisa kudaro nhai? Huchapera zvahwo.Ndinonzi
Chakwesha ini. Unyanzvi hwose huchapera, ndikutaurire. Unoona ndakanyarara
ukati ndiri rema nhai?” “Imbonditi tokonye uone.”

“Unogoitei? Muroyi ane gona rakadya mai! Mharadze inoda kupedza musha wangu!
Pfambi iri kuswerosvibisa zita rangu! Mhuka yesango inoti payadya yarara sezvinonzi
hauna musha! Ndiwe uri kudzidzisa mwana zvenhema iwe. Zvino wava kumutuka
nokuti unotya kuti angazokufoonore. Ruwadzano, ruwadzano, kwamunoswera
muchirima uroyi hwekurara muchifukunura vakafa! Imbwa! Gudo! Dhumukwa!
Dhumukwa riri nani. Uri chimwe chinhuwo chinoti kana iye Musiki wacho
anotozvituka achiti akachigadzira akadhakwa here.
“Uri kuda kubata nyika kumeso nechiKristu chokunyepera iwe uine gona rinogara

40
muchinu chamafuta? Gona rakakutadzisa kubara! Gona rakadya mai! Pu! Unoti
uri munhuwo here iwe? Tarisa uone vanaMai Tachikobo vanopinda ruwadzano
nemwoyo kwayo, tarisa uone kuti vanogarisana sei nomurume wavo! Haikona
iwe unopindira ruwadzano kuviga zvitadzo zvako zvinosekwa naSatani wose.
Wakandinyadzisa parufu rwaamai vako vawakatuka kuita sezvinonzi havana
kukubereka. Munhu anorwara zvokutadza kuenda panze, achingozadza magumbeze
netsvina asina anogeza, wati vairega kufa? Imba kuita gumahuma kunhuhwa
sechimbuzi uchiti haubati tsvina uri weruwadzano, ndozvinoita mamwe madzimai
oruwadzano here? Handiti madzimai oruwadzano omudunhu rino anobatsirana?
Ndokusaka vasingakushanyiri nokuti vanoziva kuti uno mwoyo wakaoma. Wati mai
vako vairega kufa? Ndipo paunovatuka, iye munhu wawaingoona kuti apera kudaro,
waiti anorega kupfuka?
“Ndizvo zvauri kuda kundiitawo. Ndiri kuzviona. Ndatozviona kuti uri kuda kuti ndife
mufiro wakaita mai vako. Uri kuda kuti ndife ugondidya sezvawakaita mai vako.
Ndakuona kuti ndizvo zvauri kuda. Kundiuraya! Kundipedzisa!”

VaMushayazano vakabva vapinda mukukosora. Vakakosora kwenguva refu- neropa

neropa misodzi ichingochururuka. Vaiburitsa makararwa akakora sourimbo,
akati piriviri neropa. Monika akanga otya kuti vachakarofa. Maziso avo akanga
achinduka ava machenachena. Muviri wavo wose waitenheka somunhu somunhu ari
kuvhuvhutwa nechamupupuri.
Kukosora kwakamboti perei ndokubva varusimudzira zvakare, “Uri kuzvionaka izvi?
Uri kuzviona here? Ndizvo zvauri kuda izvi! Kuda kundipedzisa ini! Ini ndini ndinova
ndakakuita kuti uve munhu! Unombozviziva here kuti wakanga wasekwa nenyika? Ini
ndini ndakakubvisa munhamu yaifutidza moto, iwe waive namai vainzi VaZvokupara
vaipona nehari. Waive namai vaiita sezvinonzi pasi panoruma.

“Ndizvo zvauri kudaka izvi? Wakandipa chomusana, nhasi ndachembera nguva

yangu isati yasvika. Ukandipa chomunhumbu ndikabva ndaita manyoka asingaperi.
Nhasi wondipa chikosoro kuti uchibva wasara wati dhidhi kugarika, ini ndafa.”
Vakatanga kurutsa ropa zvakare, saka vakambonyarara kashoma.
“Wafaraka? Mhuka iya yava kufa! Wawana nyamaka!
Tambazve; tamba tione. Imbazve! Mazikonyora! Maziroyi! Mhuka dzisingatendi! Dai
pasina ini, gore renhundu mungadai makapona nei? Imbwa dzavanhu, dzinopona
nozvokuba!” Vakabva vatangazve kukosora zvokuti havana kazokwanisa kutaurazve.
Monika akanga akagara pasi, akadzivira kumeso kwake nezvanza. Haana kutarisa
mai kana baba vake. Mai vake vakasimuka ndokubuda panze.

Vakadzoka kwambopera kanguva, vakabata kakavi mumaoko. Vakati, “Monika.”

“Mha,” mwana akadavira.
“Kana paine chaunenge uchida unoenda kuna Mujubheki. Uri kunzwa baba
vako vachipopota havo, asi tinoda kuti uzive kuti kupinda kwose kwawakaita
chikoro kusvika bhuku rawakasvika iroro, ndiMujubheki aikubhadharira… Saka
usatambudzike kana ndaenda. Mujubheki achazokuchengeta. Undinamatirewo.
Chisara zvako, mwanangu.” Dai pasina kuti vakanga vazarirwa nokukosora,
VaMushayazano, baba vaMonika vangadai vakataurira mukadzi wavo chakashaisa

41
imbwa kuseka kunyenama ichigona. Zvakanga zvataurwa nomudzimai wavo
vakanga vasina kumbofungira kuti ndizvo zvakaitika. Zvakavakatyakamadza
nokuvashatirisa zvokuti vakada kuputika neshungu. Uyuwo Monika akangoti tuzu,
ndiye nazvo kapu. Zvakamukanga mate mukanwa, uye akabva aziva zvikonzero
zvaiita mai vake vamurambidze kunyengwa-nyengwa.
Pavakangopedza kutaura, amai vaMonika vakabva vati nhe kubuda. Monika akabva
atiwo kwanyanu, ovatevera.

Pakabuda mudzimai wavo nomwana, VaMushayazano vakasara ndokutseyana

namadziro emba. Kukosora kwakanga kwamboti perei zvishoma, chete vaifema
sakamwana kaitadza kuridza muridzo nokuti muchipfuva mavo maive muchirwadza.
Apa panze mai vaMonika vakanga vonanga kuzimutsubvu raive kunze kwomusha.
Monika akanga achivatevera akavabata muchiuno, vachiita zvokumuzvuzvurudza.
Akanga achitaura, achifema. “Kwete kani amai. Hazvinzarwo. Kana mukadaro imi,
ko, ini, mwana wenyu ndozodiiwo? Amai, inga ndimi vakuru wani munoti munhu
kutadza anoregererwa? Baba vane shungu dzokurwara kwavo, saka zvavanotaura
havazvizivi.”
“Kusaziva kwei? Ndirege ndiende. Ndirege ndichinozvipedzisa, afare.” Mai
vaikakata nerimwe simba rakashamisa mwana wavo.
“Kana maenda toenda tose. Kana mashinga, kubva hapana achasara.” Vakaita
chishishi chokukakatana. Iye zvino vakanga vatova pasi pezimutsubvu riya, mai
vatosungirira gavi muhuro, vototi vachikwira. Monika akavakakatira pasi.
“Hazviiti kani, amai, hazvibviri. Tifungeiwo isu vana venyu. Ayewa. Kwete. Regai
kudaro, amai vokubereka.”
Paataura kudai aiti akaona voti vakwire, iye obva akakata nesimba. Vakawira pasi
vose, vakagobidiritsana dakara Monika azotsimbidzira maoko amai vake pasi,
akavagara maduduru. Mai vakarega kupfakanyika ndokubva pamboti zi-i kunze
kwokufemereka kwavo chete. Nokuzarirwa kukuru, mai vakazoti, “Zvakanaka,
Mwana’ngu. Chibva hako, ndazvinzwa.”
Monika akabva pamusoro pamai vake iota saanonyara kuti zvaanga akaita
hazvifaniri. Vose vakasimuka ndokupumha mbatya dzavo guruva vakanyarara.
“Asi ndokwanhasi chete, kwanhasi ndaregera. Asadarozve mangwana. Umuudze
baba wako iyeye kuti mangwana asazviitazve. Akazviitazve….” Havana kupedza
kutaura vopukuta mabvi namagokora avo akanga asvuuka-svuuka. Mwana akaona
kuti shungu dzamai vake dzakanga dzaserera, saka haana kuzotaura zvakare, otya
kuti angamutsidzire moto wanga wadzima.
Vakadzokera kumba chinyararire, mai pamberi, mwana mushure. Monika haana
kuzombofunga zvakakavi kakanga kari muhuro mamai vake. Avawo mai havana
kuda kukabvisa neshungu yokuti murume wavo akaone, azive kuti zvaanga aita
hazviitwi kaviri nakatatu.
(Makunun’unu Maodzamwoyo, naCharles Mungoshi)

42
 16.1.1 Nzwisiso
(a) Nyora zita raamai vomudzimai uyu.
(b) Chii chakakonzera kuti VaMushayazano nemudzimai wavo vapopotedzane
(c) Sei VaMushayazano vari kumbomira kutaura
(d) Nyora chirevo chimwe chete chinobva mundima chinoratidza kuti mudzimai
uyu aitambura zvikuru asati aroorwa.
(e) Ipa zvinhu zviri zvakaipa zvakatukwa nazvo amai vaMonika nomurume wavo,
VaMushayazano.
(f) Tsanangura zvinoreva zvirevo zvinotevera sekushandiswa kwazvakaitwa
mundima.
(i) Uno uturu
(ii) Waiti anorega kupfuka
(iii) Wakawana ndakura
(iv) Wakanga wasekwa nenyika
(v) Kutaurira mukadzi wavo chakashaisa imbwa kuseka kunyenama
ichigona
(vi) Ndirege ndichinozvipedzisa

16.1.2 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kuzvipa nguva yakakwana yekuverenga ndima yenzwisiso
nekupindura mibvunzo nenzira inotarisirwa.Kana wanga uchinetsekana kupindura
mibvunzo ndinokukurudzira kuti unoona mudzidzisi wako akubatsire kuti ukwanise
kunzwisisa pawanga uchikundikana uri wega. Nokudaro tinoda kuti uone mimwe
yemhinduro yataitarisira.
a. VaZvokupara
b. Hukama / kufambidzana kwomudzimai uyu naMujubheki.
c. Nokuda kwokukosora kwavaiita
d. Ini ndini ndakakubvisa munhamu yaifutidza moto
e. Muroyi ,mharadze, pfambi
f. (i) ukasha / hunhu hwakaipa hwaiva nemudzimai uyu hukokanganisa
vamwe kana kuparadza vamwe
(ii) Kuita ngozi kwaamai vomudzimai uyu / kudzoka kwomweya womufi
uchishungurudza mhuri
(iii) VaMushayazano vaimbova munhu airova vasati vakura

43
 (iv) Mudzimai uyu aiva munhu aishoreka nevanhu vazhinji / vaiva munhu
aisava nechibatsiro
(v) VaMushayazano vaida kutuka mudzimai wavo nemashoko anorwadza
uye ari echokwadi
(vi) Mai vaMonika vaida kunozviuraya / kunozvisungirira pamuti nerwudzi
.
16.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro: Chirerutsamutauro
Chimbofunga pamusoro pemazwi aya anonyadzisa kana kutyisa kutaura pamutauro
wedu. Tinodavira kuti waawana uyewo waona zvinonyadzisa kana kutyisa paari.
Pakutaura kwedu vaShona pane zvinhu zvinonyadzisa kana kutyisa kutaura.Kana
tichinge tasangana nemazwi akadaro panoda kushandiswa mutauro wakareruka
kana kuti wakapfava unotibatsira kuti tikwanise kuburitsa zvatiri kutaura nenzira
yakareruka somuenzaniso:
Musikana wake ane nhumbu
Tarisa unone kuti shoko rokuti ane nhumbu rinovhundutsa nekutyisa vanhu.
Pachinzvimbo chokushandisa mashoko akadai panoshandiswa zvirerutsamutauro
seizvi:
Musikana wake ane pamuviri
Musikana wake atsika mwedzi
Ukatarira mienzaniso iri pamusoro inotaridza kuti zvirerutsamutauro zviri kutaura
chinhu chimwe chete asi zviine mataurirwo akasiyana.

Chenjedzo

Zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti pane zvimwe zvirerutsamutauro zvinoita sekunyomba

nekutsvinya mukati zvisina hunhu sokuti:
Musikana wake akazvimbirwa nenyemba.

16.2.1 Zvokuita
. Umba zvirevo zvishanu zvine zvirerutsamutauro zvakasiyana-siyana
i. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ii. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iii. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iv. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
v. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ipa tsananguro yokuti zvirerutsamutauro zvawanyora zvinomirirei

44
16.3 Rondedzero: Mhan’aro
Ngatiti masiiwa vana moga pamba kwemazuva vabereki vako havapo. Zvino
pavanodzoka unotarisirwa kuita sei? Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kuwana mhinduro
yokuti unotarisirwa kuvaudza zviitiko zvose zvakasara zvichiitika pamba.
Muchidzidzo chakapfuura cheChitsauko 10 paChikamu 10.3 takambotaura
pamusoro pemanyorerwo erondedzero yemhan’aro, tinovimba kuti uchiri
kurangarira zvawakadzidza pamusoro pekunyora rondedzero yemhando iyi.
Tinoda kukurangaridza zvakare kuti mhan’aro inonyorwa nemunhu akaona chiitiko
chakaitika achinyorera vamwe vanhu vainge vasipo. Padanho rino unotarisirwa kuti
unyore rondedzero yemhando yemhan’aro sezvo yakakosha zvikuru mumutauro
wedu weChiShona. Muchikamu chino uchapfuurira mberi nekushangazhika
uchiratidza unyanzvi hwako nekunyora rondedzero yemhan’aro. Mukunyora kwako
unofanirwa kutarisa chenjedzo dzinotevera:
(i) Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mhan’aro inonyorwa munyori achishandisa
chiratidzanguva chenguva yakapfuura.
(ii) Unofanirwa kutevedzera zviga zvepachinyorwa ichi
(iii) Mhan’aro isina siginicha haisi mhan’aro zvachose.

16.3.1 Zvokuita
Nyora mhan’aro kumukuru webato rinobatsira vechidiki kutanga mabhizimusi
uchivaudza pamusoro pemabhindauko amuri kuita munharaunda yenyu.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kunyora rondedzero yako uchitevedzera zviga

zvose zvinodiwa pakunyora rondedzero yemhan’aro. Nokudaro tinovimba kuti
mumhan’aro yako wakwanisa kuburitsa zvanga zvichitarisirwa zvinotevera:
1. Mapurojekiti amuri kuita
2. Kwamuri kuitira mapurojekiti enyu
3. Matambudziko amuri kusangana nawo
4. Rubatsiro rwamunoda kupihwa

16.4 Patsanuro yechiito

Takambotaura pamusoro pezviito takatarisa mhando dzerebeso uyewo
zviratidzanguva muzvikamu zvapfuura.Uchiri kurangarira here maumbirwo echiito?
Hongu chiito chinoumbwa nezvivakiso zvinosanganisira zvivakashure, mudzi
wechiito uye nzvovera yokupedzisira. Zvino tava kuenderera mberi muchikamu
chino tichitarisa patsanuro yechiito. Chiito chinogona kupatsanurwa nekudoma
zvivakiso kana kuti zvinoumba zviito uye kuchiumba zvakare uchiratidza nekudoma
zvivakiso zvinochiumba. Zvidimbu izvi zvinonzi zviumbazwi uye zvine basa
razvinoita. Unofanirwa kuziva kupatsananura nekudoma zviumbazwi. Tinoda

45
kuti unyatsoongorora mienzaniso inotevera uchakubatsira kuti ukwanise kuziva
kupatsanurwa kunoitwa mazwi.
(i) gara
-gar- mudzi wechiito
-a nzvovera yokupedzisira
(ii) vakaenda
va- chitaridzamuiti
-ka- chitaridzanguva yekare
-end- mudzi wechiito
-a nzvovera yokupedzisira
(iii) chakarongedzwa
cha - chitaridzamuitirwi
-ka- chitaridzanguva chekare
-rong- mudzi wechiito
-edz- rebeso yekonzero
-w- rebeso yekuitwa
-a nzvovera yokupedzisira
(iv) vaimhanyiswa
va- chitaridzamuiti
-i- chitaridzanguva chezvaigaroitika
-mhany- mudzi wechiito
-is- rebeso yekonzero
-w-rebeso yekuitwa
-a nzvovera yekupedzisira
(v) usatambe
u- chitaridzamuiti
-sa- chivakashure chekupikisa
-tamb- mudzi wechiito
-a nzvovera yokupedzisira

Kubva pamienzaniso iri pamusoro tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kuziva nzira

dzekupatsanura nadzo chiito uye wava kuziva zvivakiso zvinopatsanura mazwi.
Unofanirwa kuziva kuti hautendedzwi kushandura hurongwa hwemazwi aunenge
wapihwa nokuti ukadaro mazwi ako haazorevi chinhu.somuenzaniso:
Vakabatwa

Hatigoni kushandura urongwa uhwu seizvi.

46
 16.4.1 Zvokuita: 4
Patsanura zviito zvinotevera uchiratidza nekudoma zvivakiso zvose zvinoumba zviito
zvinotevera uchibatsirwa nemienzaniso iri pamusoro.
aenda
ndichamurovera
mukamutaurira
makasangana
zvaisekerera
aenda

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti wakwanisa kuputsa zviito zvawapihwa pasina dambudziko. Pari zvino
tinoda kuti unyatsoongorora mhinduro dzinotarisirwa dzichapihwa pasi. Kana usina
kunzwisisa tinoda kuti udzokorore mienzaniso yatamboita iri pamusoro kusvikira
wava kuziva.
a- chitaridzamuiti
-end-mudzi wechiito
-a- nzvovera yokupedzisira
(ii) ndi- chiratidzamuiti
-cha- chiratidzanguva
-mu- chiratidzamuitwi
-rov- mudzi wechiito
-er- rebeso yekuitira
-a- nzvovera yokupedzisi
(iii) mu- chitaridzamuiti
-ka- cchitaridzanguva chekare
-mu- chitaridzamuitwi
-taur- mudzi wechiito
-ir- rebeso yekuitira
-a nzvovera yokupedzisira
(iv) makasangana
ma- chitaridzamuiti
-ka- chitaridzanguva chekare
-sang- mudzi wechiito
-an- rebeso yekuitirana
-a nzvovera yokuoedzisira
(v) zva- chitaridzamuiti
-i- chitaridzanguva chezvaiitika
-sek- mudzi wechiito
-erer- rebeso yemherevedzo
-a nzvovera yokupedzisira

47
16.5 Musambo: Zviziviso
Chii chinomboita kuti vanhu vapihwe makadhi emuchato kana kunyorwa
kwemapepa anonamirwa pachidziro amunoverenga, zvinombobvepi uye
zvichiendepi? Tinovimba kuti pane pawakambosangana nazvo. Zvinhu izvi ndizvo
zvinonzi zviziviso zvingave zvepamuchato, zvakanamirwa pamadziro kana zviziviso
zverufu. Chiziviso mashoko anotaurwa kuudza vanhu pamusoro pechiitiko chinenge
chakaitika kana kuti chichazoitika. Kazhinji chinogona kuva chakanangana neruzhinji
kana kuti munhu mumwe chete. Ngatichionai mhando imwe neimwe yezvisiviso
zvawaona pamusoro.

16.5.1 Chiziviso cherufu

Tambotaura nezvemhando yechiziviso cherufu pamusoro apo. Chimborangarira
chirongwa chiya chinoitwa paRadio Zimbabwe mazuva ose chezviziviso zverufu.
Tinoda kuti ufunge kuti chinoitirwei uye chinoitirwa ani? Hongu tinodavira kuti
wakwanisa kuona kuti zviziviso zverufu zviripo pakuzivisa hama neshamwari dzemufi
pamusoro perufu rwunenge rwaitika.

16.5.2 Chiziviso chemuchato

Zviitiko zvose zvinoitika munharaunda menyu hazvingotangi nekuitika zvinoda

kutanga zvarongwa. Dai pasina zviziviso waizokwanisa here kuenda kumuchato uye
waizoziva kwauri here? Ndine chivimbo chokuti wabva waona kukosha kwechiziviso
chemuchato kuti chinotibatsira kuti tizive hurongwa huripo uye nenzvimbo iri
kuitirwa muchato zvinova zvinotibatsira kuti tikwanise kugadzirira zvizere.

16.5.3 Chiziviso chemusangano

Zvikwangwani zvose zvatinoona zvakakosha zvikuru munharaunda maunogara.
Zvinoshandiswa senzira yekufambisa mashoko angava akanaka kana echenjedzo.
Zviziviso zvizhinji zvemusangano zvinowanzoiswa pazvikwangwani kuitira kuti
zvionekwe neveruzhinji. Parizvino tinoda kuti umboita basa riri pazasi.

48
 16.5.4 Zvokuita
Ipa mhinduro yakakodzera pamibvunzo yawapiwa iri pasi.
Mhando yezviziviso Mutauro unoshandiswa Zvombo zvinoshandiswa
(i) Chiziviso cherufu
(ii) Chiziviso
chemuchato
(iii) Chiziviso
chemusangano

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Hedzinoi dzimwe Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa pabasa riri pamusoro

Mhando yezviziviso Mutauro unoshandiswa Zvombo zvinoshandiswa
Chiziviso cherufu Mutauro wakareruka Bepanhau
Chiziviso chemuchato Mutauro wekufara makadhi
(i) Chiziviso Mutauro wekurudziro chikwangwani
chemusangano

16.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko

Muchitsauko chino tanga tichidzidza pamusoro penzwisiso, zvirerutsamutauro,
rondedzero, mutauro uye misambo.Tinodavira kuti uri kurangarira kuti taburitsa
pachena kuti:
• ndima yenzwisiso inoda kuverengwa kaviri kana kudarika kuti ukwanise
kupindura mibvunzo
• Chirerutsamutauro manzwi kana mashoko anotyisa kana kunyadzisa kutaura
nokudaro panoshandiswa mutauro wakapfava mukuedza kurerutsa zviri
kutaurwa.
• Rondedzero remhan’aro inofanirwa kunyorwa nemunhu akaona chiitiko
achinyorera kune avo vainge vasipo
• Unofanirwa kutevedzera zviga zvinodiwa pakunyora rondedzero yemhan’aro
• Chiito chinogona kupatsanurwa nekudoma zvivakiso kana kuti zvinoumba
zviito uye kuchiumba zvakare uchiratidza nekudoma zvivakiso zvinochiumba.
• Chiito chinoumbwa nezvivakashure,mudzi wechiito uye nzvovera
yokupedzisira.
• Zviziviso zviripo pakutiudza mashoko ezvinhu zvingava zvinofadza kana
zvinosuwisa.
• Pane mhando dzezviziviso dzinoti:
• Zviziviso zvorufu, zviziviso zvomuchato
• Zviziviso zvemusangano

49
CHITSAUKO 17: ZVEMABHIZIMUSI
ZVIRI MUKATI
17.1 Nzwisiso - Zvemabhizimusi
17.2 Kushandiswa kwomutauro - Chirerutsamutauro
17.3 Maumbirwo omutauro- Madonzvo ezviito
17.4 Rondedzero - Makakatanwa
17.5 Musambo-Zviera, Muzvinambiri

Nhanganyaya
Muchitsauko chapfuura ndakakurukura newe pamusoro pekukosha kwomutauro
takanangana zvikuru nekugona kuverenga ndima yenzwisiso uye kupindura
mibvunzo inenge yabvunzwa wakanangana nezviri mundima. Takakujekesera kuti
rondedzero yemhan’aro inonyorwa nemunhu akaona chiitiko chakaitika achinyorera
vamwe vanhu vainge vasipo uye unofanirwa kutevedzera zviga zvinodiwa pakunyora
rondedzero yemhando iyi. Takaonawo zvakare kuti chiito chinogona kupatsanurwa
nekudoma zvivakiso kana kuti zvinoumba zviito uye kuchiumba zvakare uchiratidza
nekudoma zvivakiso zvinochiumba. Usakanganwa kuti musambo wezviziviso
wakakoshawo mukudzidza ChiShona nokuti zvinoshandiswa senzira yekufambisa
mashoko angava akanaka kana echenjedzo.

Muchikamu chino tichapfuurira mberi tichikurukura newe pamusoro pekudzidza

mutauro weChiShona kuburikidza nekugona kuverenga chinyararire ndima
yenzwisiso zvinokubatsira kuti ugone kunzwisisa nyaya yaunenge uchiverenga uye
nekugona kupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso. Zvakakoshawo kuti ugone kutsanangura
zviri pagirafu semamiriro arinenge rakaita. Semudzidzi chinhu chakanakawo kuti
uve neruzivo pamusoro pezviri kuitika munharaunda maunogara kana munyika
mako zvinova zvinokubatsirawo kuti ugone kunyora rondedzero yetsanangudzo
ine musoro waunenge wapihwa. Tichazoenderera mberi nekukurukura newe
pamusoro petsika namagariro avaShona. Uchaona kuti zviera zvaiva nezvinangwa
zvekuchengetedza tsika dzedu dzechivanhu. Tinokuvimbisa kunakidzwa nechidzidzo
chino kuburikidza nekudzidza pamusoro pavanaMuzvinambira vanoita zvakasiyana
-siyana zvinova zvine chekuita nekushandura upenyu hwevanhu nenzira dzakasiyana.
Pari zvino tinoda kuti usatore chidzidzo chino sedambe asi zvipe nguva yekuverenga
nekunyora yakakwana kuti ukwanise kubudirira.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

Kuti ubudirire muchitsauko chino unoda kuva neunyanzvi hunotevera:

1 kugona kuverenga
2. Kugona kunyora
3. Kufunga zvine udzamu

50
 Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unofanirwa kunge wokwanisa:

• kuburitsa pfungwa dzine udzamu nekupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso kubva
mundima yaunenge wapihwa
• kududzira nekushandisa mutauro wechirerutsamutauro
• kutsanangura mhando dzemadonzvo ezviito akasiyana -siyana.
• kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora mhando yerondedzero yetsananguro.
• kutsanangura musambo wezviera neMuzvinambiri.

Mazwi anokosha kuziva

• Hona - ibvupa renyama rakakura

• Nhepfenyuro - imba inobva mashoko anouya kumaredhiyo kana
terevhizheni.
• Mbonano - kutaurirana nekunzwisisana pane zvinenge zvichinetsa.
• Mbiru - ibango rinoshandiswa kumisa denga remba kana ichiturikwa
rinoiswa pakati pemba nechomukati.

Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

• Kuverenga
• Kuongorora
• Kupenengura
• Kunyora
• Kuteerera

17.1 Nzwisiso: Kubudirira

51
Hupenyu hwavaChihera hwakatanga kuvava semhiripiri mushure mekunge
murume wavo ashaika vakasiiwa vaine vana vasere vokuchengeta. Kwenguva
refu murume waVaChihera akange akwanisa kuraramisa mhuri yake kuburikidza
nechitoro chavaive nacho kwaMutasa pamwe chete nebasa ravaisevenza pafekitori
inogadzirwa mbatya muguta reMutare. Mushure merufu rwemurume wavo mhuri
yokwaZindoga yakaita dare remusha ikaona kuti zvainge zvakakodzera kuti vana
vainge vasiiwa nemushakabvu pamwe chete nemudzimai vachengetwe nemukoma
vemushakabvu Dambudzo.

Dambudzo aitovawo muchena zvake. Aitodawo kuchengetwa zvokuti paakanzwa

nezvenyaya iyi akafara akati midzimu yake yainge yatomurangarirawo. VaChihera
vaigara vachingodemba nekuchema vachiti ’Midzimu yangu yainge yandifuratira
nokutora shamwari yangu nokudaro hapana achandichengetawo’. Babamukuru
vaDambudzo vainge vafara kuchengeta mhuri yainge yasiiwa nemushakabvu
nechinangwa chokuti painge pasiiwa hupfumi uye nhaka yakawanda nemunin’ina
wavo.

VaChihera vaivawo neshungu nechinangwa muupenyu hwavo, rufu rwemurume

wavo rwakavabaya panyama nhete rukavasiya vaine ronda ravaishaiwa murapi asi
zvisinei havana kukanganwa mariwa vana wavo avo vavainge vasiirwa. Dambudzo
akanga ava kubata mari yose yemuchitoro achiidya nemhuri yake ndokukanganwa
kuti mhuri yainge yasiiwa nemushakabvu kuti yaida kuchengetwawo. VaChihera
vakamboedza nepose pavaigona kuti vataure naDambudzo kuti aregedze zvaainge
oita asi zvakakona n’anga murapwa achada. Hapana mahofisi avasina kuenda
kana matare avasina kupinda vachimhan’ara nyaya yavo asi zvakashaya basa.
Chainge chisina kuziwa VaChihera ndechekuti murume wavo ainge atenga chitoro
ndokuchiisa muzita remunin’ina wavaDambudzo. Amai nhiya nokuda kwekuti vainge
vasina kumbobvira vakadongorerawo musuwo wechikoro. Havana kunge vakaziva
kuti ndizvo zvainge zvaitika. Vakatozorohwa nehana vaona mapepa/matsamba
echitoro achiburitswa mudare remhosva aine zita raDambudzo vakangoti kanha
nazvo. Painge pasisina chembwa nokuti tenzi vainge vararira mutakura. VaChihera
vaive mudzimai ainge aine hunhu hwakanaka hwaizivikanwa nenharaunda yose.

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Kuburikidza nehunhu hwavo hwakanaka vebato remunharaunda mavo rinoona
nezvemadzimai vakabva raparura chirongwa chekubatsira shirikadzi, ivo
vakasarudzwa kuti vapinde muchirongwa cheZveMabhizimusi madiki. Pasina
nguva refu matenga akazaruka VaChihera ndokupihwa mari yaikwana kuita zviuru
zvishanu zvemadhora ekuAmerica kuti vatangewo bhizimusi ravo. Havana kunge
vambozvifungira. Kwavari rufu rwemurume wavo rwainge rwavabaya panyama
nhete rwakasiya rwavhara musiwo weshuviro yavo yekuchengeta mhuri yavo.

Kubvira musi wapihwa vaChihera mari yekutanga purojekiti yavo vakabva vanzwa
manyekunyeku ekuda kushanda nesimba. Vakanotsvaga munda wekurima
munharaunda mavo. Vakawana munda waikwana kuita purojekiti yavo yekupfuya
nguvure yavainge vafunga. Mushure memazuva mashoma vakakwanisa kuvaka
danga renguruve rainge riine makamuri mashanu. Semunhu aiva nemari izvi hazvina
kuvatorera nguva yakareba. Vakakwira bhazi ravo hutu wakananga kuPig Industry
Board uko kwaitengeswa rudzi rwenguruve dzemhando yepamusoro. Mugore
ra2002 VaChihera vakakwanisa kutenga nguruve hadzi dzishanu idzo dzainge
dzatova nemazamu nemukono mumwe chete. Veruzhinji vakaona kuti VaChihera
vainge votobudirira zvishoma nezvishoma zvinova zvisina kufadza vamwe.
Vakatangawo kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuchetwa kwenguvure kubva kuna
VaGore mumwewo wevarimi vaiva nemukurumbira munharaunda mavo.

Bhizimusi ravo rakatanga kubudiririra mushure memwedzi mitatu nguruve dzavo

dzakabereka vana vakawanda zvinova zvakavakatyamadza. Pamwe chete dzose
dzakabereka vana makumi mashanu imwe ichibereka vana gumi. Zvokudya
hazvina kuvanetsa sezvo mvura yainge yanayawo gore racho. Mushure memwedzi
minomwe nguruve dzavo dzakabereka vana makumi matanhatu neimwe mugore
ra2003. Kwekutengesera hakuna kuvanetsa vaipota vachiendesa nguruve dzavo
kumabhucha ainge akakomberedza. Kwapera makore maviri mugore ra2005
nguruve dzaVaChihera dzainge dzawanda zvikuru vava kutoshaiwa pokudziisa.
Dambudziko rakazovapo nderokuti vainge vava kunetsekana nekururamisa
mabhuku emari semunhu ainge asina kumbobvira akadongorerawo musiwo
wechikoro. Bhizimusi raVaChihera rakamboti dererai nokuti vainge vava kutanga
kubirwa mari nevanhu vavaitengesera, vakasvika pakutadza kutenga zvokudya
zvakakwana. Imwewo mari zhinji yainge yava kupera kuenda kunobhadhara mari
yechikoro yaTawanda mwanakomana wavo wokutanga uyo ainge ava paUniversity
of Zimbabwe.

Mugore ra2006 nguruve dzaVaChihera dzainge dzawanda kwazvo zvinonwisa mvura

nokuti vainge vava kubatsirwawo naTawanda kururamisa mabhuku ebhizimusi ravo.
Dambudziko ravo guru rakazouya muna 2008 apo kusina kunaya mvura yakawanda.
Vanhu vazhinji havana kukohwa vamwe vakatoshaiwa chibage chekugocha. Matura
evanhu akatanga ku ndewenhamo kutenga gumbeze rinotsva. Vakapererwa
nezano vaingoona nguruve dzavo dzichingofa dzoga nokuda kwenzara.
Chakazonyanyowedzerawo nhamo yavaChihera kuderera kweupfumi hwenyika
zvakare vakasvika pakushaiwa mishonga yekupa nguruve dzavo vakarasikirwa

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nengurve dzakawanda k pera kunyange dura renyikawo rakaomerwa. Chokwadi
regai vakuru vati wenhamo wazvo vakasara nemakumi maviri chete pamazana
matatu avaive navo izvi zvakavatyora hona. Kuderera kwebhizimusi ravo hakuna
kuuraya pfungwa dzavo dzokuenderera mberi nekushangazhika.

VaChihera vakazofunga zano rokuisa mazai avo mutswanda dzakasiyana. Izvi

zvakaita kuti vatange kupfuya huku dzemazai zvakare vachibatana nemwanakomana
wavo Tawanda uyo ainge apedzawo dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro. Mugore
ra2010 zano ravo iri rakabudirira zvakaita kuti vakwanise kutengesera nguruve dzavo
kukamba huru inotengesa nyama yenguruve inonzi Colcom uyewo nekuendesa
mazai kuchikoro chebhodhingi cheHartzel mazai akawanda pasvondo pega pega.
Semunhu ainge ava kubudirira VaChihera nenguva pfupi vakakwanisa kutengawo
motokari pamwe chete nerori guru raivabatsira mubhizimusi ravo. Chimwe chinhu
chikuru chakaitwa naVaChihera ndechekukwanisawo kutenga purazi ravo voga
rekurima uye nekuendesa vana vavo pachikoro chebhodhingi cheHartzel. Vakaita
chitsidzo chokuti havaizorega kuchengeta vana vavo uyewo nekuvapa dzidzo
yepamusoro.

Mukurumbira wavaChihera wakatekeshera nenharaunda yose yokwaMutasa.

Vavariro yavo yaiva yokuti vakwanisewo kubatsira dzimwe shirikadzi dzaiva
munharaunda mavo kuti dzikwanise kubudirirawo sezvavakaitawo kuburikidza
nemapurojeketi akasiyana siyana. VaChihera vaibatsirawo shirikadzi idzi
nekudzipawo mazano ekukwanisa kutanga mabhizimusi madiki uye vamwe
aivapawo mari dzekukwanisa kutangisa mabhizimusi avo. Chokwadi upenyu
hwavaChihera hunozadzisa tsumo yavakuru inoti, rugare tange nhamo.
Nyaya iyi yakanyorwa naNyadutu Mazvita haisati yatsikiswa

17.5.1 Zvokuita 1
Pindura mibvunzo yose inotevera
1. Zita remhuri yaTapiwa rainzi ani? (2)
2. Ndeapi mashoko ari mundima anoratidza kurwadziwa kwaVaChihera
nekufirwa nemurume. (2)
3. Doma zvinhu zviviri zvakaita kuti VaChihera vapihwe mari yekutanga
purojeketi yavo (2)
4. Tsanangura ndevo dzinotevera semashandisirwo adzakaitwa mundima
• Kudongorera musiwo wechikoro (1)
• Kushangazhika (1)
5. Tsanangura zvinhu zviviri zvakaita kuti VaChihera vatorerwe chitoro
chemurume wavo navaDambudzo (2)
6. Nyora pfupiso yenyaya yawaverenga (10)

17.5.2 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kuverenga ndima yenzwisiso uye nekupindura mibvunzo

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yawapihwa. Parizvino tinoda kuti tichionesane Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa dzinotevera:
1. Zindoga
2. Rufu rwemurume wavo rwakavabaya panyama nhete rikavasiya vaine ronda
ravaishaiwa murapi
3. Yaive shirikadzi
Vazivikanwa nehunhu hwakanaka
4. Kusadzidza
Kushanda zvikuru uchiita zvakasiyan siyana
5. Vaisaziva kuti matsamba echitoro ainge aine zita raVaDambudzo

17.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro: Chirerutsamutauro

Muchitsauko chapfuura takakurukura newe pamusoro pechirerutsamutauro
ndikakupa nzwisa yezvachinoreva. Zvino iwe semudzidzi weChiShona unofanirwa
kurangarira kuti chirerutsamutauro imhando yechirungamutauro inoreva kushandisa
mutauro wakareruka kana tichitaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvinotyisa, kunyadzisa kana
kurwadza kutaura. Kuti uone mashandisirwo echirerutsamutauro akasiyana siyana
muchikamu chino tichapfuurira mberi nekuongorora chirerutsamutaura takanangana
nekuongorora chirerutsamutauro chakashandiswa mumitsara. Heunoi mumwe
wemuenzaniso wechirerutsamutauro chakashandiswa muchirevo:
Takasvika afa
Takasvika ava chando

Pamienzaniso yose iri pamusoro ukatarisa chirevo chokutanga uri kuonei?

Tinodavira kuti waona kuti pamutauro wedu hazvigoni kuti zvinzi munhu afa nokuti
aya mashoko anotyisa nokuvhundutsa nokudaro panoshandiswa chirerutsamutauro
chokuti Ava chando

17.6.1 Zvokuita 1
Nyurura chirerutsamutauro kubva muzvirevo zvinotevera :

• Musikana wokwaTapera akazvitakura.

• Tanga waongororwa usati waenda pabonde
• Virginia akaita mweya paine vaenzi
• Tinoda kunorasa mvura ndisati ndarara
• VaNyundo vakaregedzeswa basa pazvainge zvaoma

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

• Akazvitakura
• Waenda pabonde
• Akaita mweya

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• Kunorasa mvura
• Vakaregereswa

17.3 Maumbirwo omutauro: Madonzvo Ezviito

Tisati takurukura newe pamusoro pechinonzi madonzvo uye mhando dzemadonzvo
tinoda kukurangaridza kuti muchikamu chapfuura takaongorora pamusoro
pekupatsanura chiito. Takatarisa zvivakiso zvezviito zvinosanganisira chitaridzamuiti,
mudzi wechiito nenzvovera yekupedzisira. Muchikamu chino tichapfuurira mberi
nekudzidza mutauro kuburikidza nemadonzvo ezviito. Pano tichakupa nzwisa
yokuti chinombonzi madonzvo chii toopfuurira mberi nekukurukura newe zvizere
pamusoro pemadonzvo. Pakudzidza kwauri kuita mutauro zvakakoshawo kuti uzive
madonzvo. Mashandisirwo echiito ndiwo anogona kuve akasiyana zvichienderana
nekushandiswa kwachinenge chaitwa mamiriro echiito anoratidza kuti mutauri
wacho ari pachinzvimbo chipi kune waari kutaurira.

Donzvo rechiito rinogona kutsanangudzwa sechinangwa chechiito. Chimbofunga

kuti kana mudzidzisi akawana vana vachiita ruzha mukirasi ndeapi mashoko
aanosvikotaura kwavari? Ndizvozvo chaizvo anotaura mashoko akaita sokuti
“Nyararai! Hatinyararei”. Asi mwna wechikoro akawana vadzidzisi vachiita ruzha
iye aine zvaanenge achida kuti vanzwe anotiwo “Mungambonyararawo?” Vose
vanenge vachishandisa chiito chokuti nyarara asi madonzvo avo akasiyana.
Romudzidzisi nderechisimba remwana nderekukumbira. Cherechedza kuti tinogona
kuona donzvo rechiito chiri kubvuma kana kuramba. Sokuti donzvo rasimuka
nausasimuke ndiro rimwe chete rokutuma munhu waunodheerera kuita kana kusaita
chinhu. Somuenzaniso
• Akaonekwa achitenga chingwa - donzvo rezvanga zvichiitika
• Ndingafare tikabudirira mumutambo - donzvo rechishuvo
• Vana vanotamba bhora - donzvo rekuudza

Mienzaniso iri pamusoro ine zviito zvine mitaro pasi zvinoratidza madonzvo ezviito
akasiyana siyana.

17.7.1. Mhando dzemadonzvo

Sezvatambotaura pamusoro tine mhando dzemadonzvo ezviito zvinoburitsa
zvinangwa zvakasiyana siyana. Mhando dzemadonzvo aunofanirwa kunzwisisa
ndeanoti donzvo rokuita, donzvo rokuudza, donzvo rokutuma, donzvo rechishuwo,
donzvo rekurudziro, nedonzvo rembofamba rwendo kana uchinge wadzoka
unotarisirwa kuita sei? Wagona kuti unoudzawo vamwe zvakaitika nezvawakaona
kwawainge uri. Nokudaro tinoda kuti uzive kuti donzvo rekuudza nderekutaurira
mumwe chaasingazivi. Rinoburitsawo pfungwa yokuudza munhu kana kuti vanhu
pamusoro pezvinhu zvange zvichiitika munguva dzakasiyana-siyana.

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1 Donzvo rekuudza
Tinodavira kuti wakambofamba rwendo zvino tinoda kuti utiudzewo kuti kana
uchinge wadzoka unotarisirwa kuita sei kune vanenge vasara? Wagona chaizvo
kuti unotarisirwa kuudza vamwe vakasara zvawakaona nezvakaitika kwawainge
waenda uyewo avo vainge vasara vanogoveranawo newe zvakasara zvichiitika
panguva yawainge usipo. Donzvo iri nderekutaurira vamwe zvavasingazivi.
Rinoburitsawo pfungwa yokuudza munhu kana vanhu zvinhu zvange zvichiitika
munguva yakasiyana -siyana. Donzvo iri rinowanzoshandiswa kurondedzera
zvakaitika kana zvaigaroitika. Ndiro rinowanzoshandiswa kupinda mamwe ose. Kana
iwe ukabvunzwa kuti wadya here unopindura uchiti ‘hongu ndadya’. Tinoona kuti
unenge watoshandisa donzvo rokuudza iri. Izvi zvinogona kujekeswa nemienzaniso
yezviito zvine mitaro pasi zvinotevera:
(iv) Nezuro takadya sadza nenyama
(v) Mbatya dzangu dzinogara mubhegi
(vi) Sekuru vakanhonga mari nezuro
(vii) Tichaenda kumusha svondo rinouya
(viii) Vana vaisada kunyora basa resvomhu
(ix) Magetsi akaenda hatizooni kwatiri kuenda

Kuti unzwisise donzvo iri zvakakoshawo kuti ucherechedze kuti nguva dzokuitika
kwezvinhu dzinoratidzwawo nedonzvo iri, pamwe chete nokubvuma kana kuramba.

2 Donzvo rekurudziro
Donzvo iri nderekukurudzira kuti chinhu chiitwe. Mutauri anenge ari kuita
zvokunyengetedza vateereri, kwete kuvamanikidza kana kukomhanisa. Tarisa
donzvo iri richishandiswa mumuenzaniso unotevera.
Ngatiti muri munharaunda menyu pamusangano wokudzidziswa pamusoro
pokudzivirira chirwere chekorera. Mutauri anokutungamirirai pane mamwe
mashoko aanotaura kuti mukwanise kuzvidzivirira angangova anotevera: Vakomana
nevasikana ngatigezei maoko mushure mokushandisa chimbuzi. Zvakakosha kuti
tisati tadya titange tageza maoko. Hatisarasire marara pose pose nokuti zvikonzera
chirwere chekorera.

Pane zvauri kuonawo here mumuenzaniso wapihwa pamusoro apo? Ndinofara

kuti wakwanisa kucherechedza kuti mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro uyo mutauri
angangonzi ari kukurudzira vateereri vake kuti vazvichengetedze kuitira kudzivirira
chirwere chekorera ichi. Anoita izvi achishandisa donzvo rekurudziro. Chiito chacho
chinenge chine chivakashure chekurudziro /nga-/ kana/ha-/
Tinoda kuti uone mienzaniso iyi zvakare:
• Ngatinzwei zvaari kuda kutiudza
• Ngatishandei nesimba kuti tibudirire
• Hatigezei muviri mazuva ose
• Kana apinda isu ngatibude

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• Vakomana vose ngavatakure matanda asara
• Muparidzi akati , “hatinamatei”

Chenjedzo: Rangarira kuti chivakashure /ha-/ chiri mudonzvo iri ndechekukurudzira

hachifanirwi kukanganiswa na/ha-/ anoshandiswa kupikisa mudonzvo rokuudza.

3 Donzvo renhevedzano
Donzvo iri rinoburitsa zvinotevera mushure mechiito chine donzvo rekuudza.
Rinoratidzawo zvinhu zvinoitika zvakateverana. Tinoda kuti unyatsotarisisa kuti
donzvo iri rinoburitsa zvinhu zviviri zvinoti chikonzera nezvinobuda nekuda
kwezvikonzera chacho. Somuenzaniso: Tikadya sadza tinoguta. Pamuenzaniso
uri pamusoro kuguta kunokonzerwa nokudya sadza. Taoana kuti pane zviito
zviri zvakatevedzana zvinoti kudya nekuguta nokudaro zvinoratidza donzvo
renhevedzano. Chiumbazwi -ka- chinokubatsirawo kuti ukwanise kuona donzvo
iri. Unofanirwa kuziva kuti -ka- uyu unoreva kuti izvi zvikaitika. Usavhiringidzike
nechitaridzanguva -ka-.
Ona mienzaniso iyi:
• Vana vakaverenga vakapasa
• Ndikatengesa nzungu ndichatenga gejo
• Akasvika kumba akawana vamwe vaenda
• Takadya nyemba tikazvimbirwa

Mienzaniso iri pamusoro ine mitaro pasi inotaridza donzvo renhevedzano

4 Donzvo rokutuma
Kana uchida kubika sadza tora poto yako, Isa mvura mupoto yauri kuda kubikira
sadza. Sanganisa mvura nehupfu mupoto. Shandisa huni pakubika sadza rako.
Isa muvharo papoto kana richinge rava kukwata. Mona sadza zvakanaka risaite
mapundu. Pakura sadza nechipunu chekupakurisa.
Wazviona here kuti mukandima kari pamusoro pane munhu ari kudzidziswa kubika
sadza. Nokudaro ari kutumwa kana kuti kurairwa zvokuita. Panga pachishandiswa
donzvo rokutuma. Iri idonzvo rinorayira kana kutuma munhu kuti aite chimwe
chinhu. Tinovimba kuti akwanisa kucherechedza nokunzwisisa muenzaniso
wawapihwa.

Donzvo iri rinosiyana nenzira mbiri pamaumbirwo aro dzinoti:

Kutuma kana muraira munhu mumwe chete kana kuti munhu wausingaremekedzi.
Somuenzaniso:
• Geza maoko udye sadza
• Nyora pasi zvaunoda
• Rasa mvura panze
• Inwa putugadzike iyi

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Kutuma kana kurayira vanhu vakawanda kana munhu waunoremekedza
.Unofanirwaa kuziva kuti donzvo iri rine nzvovera yokupedzisira -i inoshandiswa.
Somuenzaniso:
(g) Vakomana garai pasi munzwe mharidzo
(h) Amai torai sipo iasati yapera
(i) Mutyairi mirai tinoda kuburuka
(j) Mudzidzisi dzokai mupedzise chidzidzo
(k) Baba nhongai nyama isati yapera.

Mumutauro weChiShona tinogonazve kutuma tichiita zvekurambidza sokuti

pachinhambo chokuti munhu aite tinoti asaita. Ndichashandisa muenzaniso idya
tinogona kuti usadye kana ari munhu mumwe chete kana vari vanhu vakuru kana
kuti vakawanda tinoti musadya.

17.3.1 Zvokuita
Zviito zvine mutaro pasi zviri mumadonzvo api?
17. Vana vakadya bota kuchikoro
18. Tikaenda nebhazi tinosvika mangwana
19. Vakomana vose ngavashande kuti vasafe nenzara
20. Tsvaga mari yarasika .
21. Vanhu vakaba mari vanosungwa

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Pakudzidza kwauri kuita zvinokosha kuti ubate zvatiri kukupakurira, kana kuti
zvauri kudzidza woga nguva zhinji. Nokudaro tinopotawo tichiongorora kuti zvauri
kudzidza zviri kuzadzikisa zvakadii vavariro nechinangwa chokudzidza ChiShona.
Tinovimba kuti wakwanisa kunyora basa iri pasina dambudziko. Hedzinoi mhinduro
dzinotarisirwa:
(i) donzvo rokuudza
(ii) donzvo renhevedzano
(iii) donzvo rekurudziro
(iv) donzvo rokutuma
(v) donzvo renhevedzano

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17.4 Rondedzero
Tava kuchikurukura newe pamusoro peunyanzvi hwekugona kunyora rondedzero
yemhando yetsanangudzo inogutsa. Mhando yerondedzero iyi yakanangana
nokuburitsa Pfungwa dzechokwadi. Hazvidi kuti uite zvokufungidzira. Kana uri
mudzidzi akangwara unokurudzirwa kushandisa ruzivo rwauinarwo rwezviitiko zviri
munyika nemunharaunda maunogara kuburikidza nekuverenga mapepanhau,
kuteerera nhau, kutarisa zvinobuda mumaterevhizheni nokuita tsvakurudzo
yezvinobata raramo yanhasi paindaneti. Unokwanisawo kunobvunzawo vamwe
vanhu vaunogara navo senzira ingangokubatsira kuti usanetsekana pakunyora
.Saka kuti unzi wanyora rondedzero yakanaka unofanirwa kuunganidza pfungwa
dzauchashandisa pakunyora musoro werondedzero yaunenge wapihwa. Tinoda
kukurangaridza zvatakadzidza kuChikamu 1 pamusoro pemanyorerwo emhando
yerondedzero yetsanangudzo iyo yaunotarisirwa kunyora uine ruzivo rwakakwana
pamusoro pezvauri kunyora nezvazvo. Rangarirawo kuti inonyorwa muzvindima.
Pfungwa imwe naimwe inoiswa muchindima chayo ichinyatsotsanangurwa
zvinogutsa. Kuti ukwanise kunyora rondedzero yakanaka yemhando iyi unofanirwa
kutevedza zvinotevera:
• Kunyora nhanganyaya yakanaka inobaya dede nomukanwa. Unofanirwa
kuburitsa napaduku dzimwe Pfungwa huru dzauchazotambanudza
mumutumbi.
• kunyora chinyorwa chakarongeka uye chiri kuerera
• kunyora pfungwa dzine udzamu mumutumbi werondedzero
• kunyora zvinotokonya muverengi
• Kunyora mhedziso iri kuenderana nezviri muchinyorwa chako.

Kana waita izvi zvakakoshawo kuti kuchinjana basa rawanyora nemumwe wako
kana kupa waunogara navo kuti vakugadzirise mhosho dzaunenge watadza usati
wanokwenyesa basa rako kumudzidzisi wako.Izvi zvinokubatsirawo kuti mhosho
dzako dziite dzishoma.

17.4.1 Zvokuita
Ndezvipi zviri kukonzera makakatanwa uye zvingaitwe mukuedza kupedza
makakatanwa mumhuri

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tine chivimbo chokuti wakwanisa kunyora rondedzero ine udzamu uye yakarungwa
uchitevedzera matanho ose anodiwa pakunyora rondedzero yemhando iyi.
Nokudaro tinoda kuti ucherechedze Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa parondedzero
yaakanyora.

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 Kutsanangura chinonzi makakatanwa munhanganyaya. Makakatanwa
zvinoreva kusawirirana kuri pakati pevanhu vaviri kana kudarika
zvichikonzerwa nekusapindirana pamafungiro nemaitiro evanhu.

Buritsa honzero dzamakakatanwa dzinoti:

Kuda kuva nesimba
Kusafamba zvakanaka kwemashoko
Ruvengo/godo
Kusaremekedzana
Kutora divi pane zviri kuitika
Kurwira pfuma
Makuhwa

Zvingaitwe mukuedza kupedza makakatanwa:

Kunzvenga makakatanwa
Kubvuma kukurirwa
Kugadzirisa dambudzikoriripo
Kumanikidzira zvinhu
Kuteerera nokupawo mufungiro wevamwe mukana

17.5 Misambo: Zviera

Ichi chidzidzo chinonakidza zvikuru nokuti chinotiudza mararamiro aiita vanhu
kare pasi pasati parohwa nenyundo. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti kare vanhu
vaingorarama pasina mitemo yavaitevedzera sezvo kwainge kusati kwava
nezvikoro. Unobvumiranawo nazvo here izvi? Tinodavira kuti unobvumirana nesu
kuti ichi hachisi chokwadi nokuti kwaitova nemitemo yaisungirwa kutevedzerwa
nekukosheswa mukurarama kwavo. Vaya vanenge vatadza kutevedzera mitemo
yaidiwa mukurarama zvinonzi vaivirwa nezvakashata izvo zvaizoita kuti vatadze
kubuda mazviri. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi zviera.
Zviera zvinhu zvisingafanirwi kuitwa nevanhu vemunharaunda kana vemumhuri.
Somuenzaniso:
i. Ukarima nemusi wechisi waigona kuwirwa nematambudziko akaita sekudyirwa
munda wako neshiri kana mbeva
vi. Zvaiera kuchema munhu anenge atorwa nenjuzu .Kana hama dzemunhu
ainge atorwa dzikachema dzichifunga kuti awira mumvura munhu uyuaibva
azodzoswa asi afa kare.

Zviera zvaiva nebasa rekuchengetedza hunhu hwakanaka mukugarisana uyewo

kuchengetedza zviwanikwa nenharaunda dzavanogara. Zvaibatsirawo kuti vana

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vasatamba nezvinokuvadza kana kuita zvisingadiwe nevamwe. Kazhinji kacho
mwana akatsiurwa haateereri somuenzaniso akanzi aregedze kuita misikanzwa kana
kuregedza zvaanenge achiita haateereri, unoona kuti dzimwe nguva anotozorega
kana achinge akuvara. Nokudaro zviera zvaizobatsira kutyisidzira vana kuti vane
misikanzwa kuti varegedze nokuti vaizotya kuwira mumatambudziko akasiyana-
siyana. Nokudaro pasichigare kwaiva nezviera zvakasiyana- siyana izvo zvaiva
nebasa guru muupenyu hwevanhu. Tichapfuurira mberi nekuongorora zvimwe
zviera zvaVaShona nokujekesa zvinangwa zvazvo pamagariro aVaShona.

Mhando dzezviera
Tine mhando dzezviera dzinoti:
(i) Zviera zvoutsanana
(ii) Zviera zvokudzivirira njodzi
(iii) Zviera zvokudzivirirz tsika dzakaipa

17.5.1 Zviera zvoutsanana

Mukurarama kwedu hapana munhu anofarira tsvina nokuti inoita kuti utadze
kugarisana nevamwe zvakanaka. Dzimba dzavo dzaigara dzakashambidzika uye
vaidyawo zvokudya zvakachena kuedza kudzivirira zvirwere. VaShona vaizivikanwa
vari vanhu vaiva noutsanana uye vaikoshesa nharaunda yavo kuburikidza
noutsanana. Kwaiva netsika dzakawanda dzokuchengetedza utsanana. Zvimwe
zviera zvoutsanana ndezvinotevera:
Chiera: Ukagara papfihwa unozoponda mukadzi /kufirwa nemukadzi
Chokwadi chacho: Hazvina kunaka kugara papfihwa nokuti panogona kusiiwa
nyama, uye unokwanisa kutsva magaro kana kusviba magaro.

Chiera: Ukagara paduri wainzwa musana kana kuti waizoita muroyi.

Chokwadi: Hazvina kunaka kugara paduri nokuti munotswirwa zvokudya zvizhinji
zvakaita sechibage, zviyo, mapfunde zvose izvi zvaitswiwa muduri
nokudaro uyu mudziyo waioneka wakakosha uyo waifanirwa kugara
wakachena. Munhu wose aisada kuita muroyi nokudaro hapana
aizogara paduri.

17.5.2 Zviera zvokudzivirira njodzi

Vanhu vanotya ngozi nokuti inogona kupedza rudzi rwose. Kare kwaiva kusina
mbatya nokudaro vana vaigara vakashama vasina kana chavainge vakapfeka
nokudaro paivawo nezviera zvaibatsira kudzivirira njodzi kuvana ava. VaShona
vaiziva kuti mukurarama kwavo pane zvinogona kukuvadza nokudaro vaitsiudza
pwere nezviera zvinotevera:
Chiera : Ukagara munzira/mumugwagwa unomera mota
Chokwadi chacho: Kuti vana vasatsikwa nemotokari /mabhasikoro/ngoro

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Chiera: Ukarova munhu nemutsvairo haazozvari.
Chokwadi chacho: Unogona kubaya umwe akakuvara / unogona kuvhuna
utsvairo.
Chenjedzo: chiera ichi chinogonawo kuwanikwa muchikwata chezviera
zvoutsanana

17.5.3 Zviera zvinodzivirira tsika dzakaipa

Tsika dzakanaka dzinokurudzirwa muupenyu hwaVaShona nokudaro kuti munhu
anzi munhu pavanhu hunge aine tsika dzakanaka.Nokudaro kukosheswa kwadzo
kunoonekwa nezviera.
a) Chiera : Ukadongorera munhu achigeza unoita showera
Chokwadi chacho: Zvinokonzera kubhinya vamwe /Zvinodzivisa nhubu
dzinodongorera vamwe vachigeza.
b) Chiera: Mukomana haabvumirwi kukokota mugoti anozomera mazamu.
Chokwadi chacho: Mukomana anofanirwa kuremekedza abika nokuregera
achikokotawo mugoti.

Muchidzidzo chino tinovimba kuti wakwanisa kudzamisa pfungwa maererano

netsika nemagariro eVaShona. Nokudaro zvinokoshawo kuti ufunge kuti chii
chaungaita iwe semudzidzi kuti uchengetedzewo mutauro wako.

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 17.5.4 Zvokuita
Tinoda kuti uende munharaunda maunogara unobvunza vakuru pamusoro
pezviera zvinowanikwa muChiShona nezvazvinoreva. Edza kuburitsa zvine
chitsama.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Ibasa rakowo iwe semudzidzi kuti uite tsvakurudzo yekwatakabva nekwatiri kuenda.
Nokudaro tinovimba kuti mutsvakurudzo yawakanoita wakadzidzawo zvakawanda
pamusoro pomutauro wedu kuburikidza nezviera. Mutsvakurudzo dzawakanoita
tinovimba kuti wakakwanisa kuwana zvinotevera.
(f) Chiera : Vana vadiki havafanirwi kudya mazai vanozoita buka
Chokwadi chacho: Vakuru vaida kudya voga zvinonaka/kuti vana vasazoba
mazai
(g) Chiera : Ukauraya katsi inopfuka
Chokwadi: Kuchengetedza tupuka tusina simba
(h) Chiera: Haubvumidzwi kudya wakarara unoita makuvhu maviri/unoita
mabayo.
Chokwadi chacho: Hazvina unhu nokuti hazviremekedzi wabika/unogona
kudzipwa

17.5.5 Muzvinambiri
Tinodavira kuti munharaunda maunogara kana munyika maunogara mune vanhu
vane mukurumbira ungava wakanaka kana wakaipa. Kuti munhu azonzi ane
mukurumbira chii chinenge chaitika? Hongu mukurumbira haungowanikwi kumunhu
wose wose unowanikwa kune vaya vanenge vaita zvinhu zvisati zvamboitwa
nevamwe. Munhu anoita zvinhu zvinobatsira vamwe vazhinji kana kuita zvinhu
zvinokanganisa vazhinji mukurarama anogona kuitawo mukurumbira. Nokudaro
kana achinge aita mukurumbira panonyorwa nhoroondo yake inotaridza zvose
zvaakaita mukuedza kusimudzira nyika yake kana nharaunda yake.

64
17.5.5.1 Oliver Mutukudzi
Muno muZimbabwe tine vaimbi
vakawanda vakaita mukurumbira vamwe
vachiri vapenyu vamwe vakatisiya
vanosanganisira Oliver Mtukudzi.
VaMtukudzi vakazvara gore ra1952 musi
wa22 Gunyana kuHighfields muguta
reHarare. Vakaberekwa vari vanonwe ivo
vari mwanakomana mukuru. Vakakurira
munzvimbo yeHighfields. Kunyangwe
vabereki vake vaiimba mukwaya
yokukereke kwavo vainge vasina hanya
nokusimudzirawo mwana wavo uyo aiva
nechido munyaya dzemimhanzi.
Zvemimhanzi izvi nekuridza gitare vaiona
sezvinhu zvisina maturo asi VaMutukudzi
havana kumbobvira vaora mwoyo nazvo.

Vakatangisa basa rekuimba mugore

ra1977 apo vakabatana nechikwata cheWagon Wheels. Chikwata ichi chaiva
nemukurumbira panguva iyi chaivawo nevamwe vaimbi vaiva nemukurumbira
vakaita saThomas Mapfumo nemumwe muimbi aiva nemukurumbira wekuridza
magitare ainzi James Chimombe. VaPaul Tangi Mhova avo vaizivikanwa muAfrica
muno vakakwanisawo kusimudzira nekupa chikwata ichi mukana wekuti vaimbe
uye nekunyatsozviratidza zvipo zvavo. Vaivapawo rubatsiro wemari nezvimwewo
zvavaishandisa pakuimba kwavo. Vakawanawo tsigiro kubva kuna VaMutanga
nemudzimai wavo uyo akavapa mvumo yokuti vapote vachiridza kubhawa rake raiva
nemukurumbira rainzi Mutanga Restaurant and Night Club (Pungwe). Panguva iyi
nyika yedu ichiri kunzi Rhodhesia kwaiva nerusaruraganda vatema vaisabvumirwa
kuva nemabhawa nokudaro ndivo vakakwanisa kuva munhu mutema wokutanga
kuva nebhawa kunova kwakatangira VaMtukudzi nevamwe vavo kuridzira. Chikwata
ichi chakakwanisawo kutsikisa nziyo yavo yainzi Dzandimomotera. VaMtukudzi
vakabudirirawo kutsikisa arubhamu ravo rokutanga.

Nekuda kwekuva neizwi rine unyanzvi hwekugona kuimba mbiri yaVaMtukudzi

nyakatekeshera kubva muZimbabwe kusvika kunyika dzemuAfrica nedzepasi rose.
VaMtukudzi vainge vari muKorekore vachiera Nzou Samanyanga. Nziyo dzavo
dzizhinji vaiimba neShona dzimwe dzaiimbwa neChiNdebele uye neChirungu.
Vaiimba nziyo dzaikurudzira vanhu kuti vachengetedze tsika dzechinyakare uye
dzimwe dzaipawo vanhu yambiro pamusoro pematambudziko kana kuti njodzi
dzinosanganikwa nadzo muupenyu. Kuburikidza nekugona kuimba zvine unyanzvi
uye zvakasiyana nevamwe vaimbi zvakaita kuti vanhu vape zita rokuti “Tuku Music”
kunziyo dzake. VaMtukudzi vakatenderera kunyika dzakawanda vachiimba zvikuru
sei kunyika dzinoti UK, USA neCanada.

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VaMtukudzi vaiva nevana vashanu nevazukuru vaviri. Vana vavo vaviri vaimbi vane
mukurumbira. Mwanakomana wavo Sam Mtukudzi akakwanisawo kubudirira
nokuita mukurumbira wekuimba achiimba ari oga dzimwe nguva nababa vake.
Zvisinei akazotisiya mushure mokunge aita tsaona nemotokari mugore ra2010
muna Kurume. Mugore ra2013 vaMtukudzi vakatsikisa rimwe arubhamu rainzi
Sarawoga iro rairangarirwa kufa kwemwanakomana wavo. Vakazoshaika vava
nemakore 66 musi wa23 Ndira 2019 vakavigirwa kumusha kwavo kuMt Darwin
kumaKorekore. Rufu rwavo rwakarwadza vanhu vazhinji vepasi rose zvikuru sei avo
vaifarira musambo wemumhanzi wavo. Nanhasi vaMtukudzi vachiri kungorangarirwa
semuimba aiva nemukurumbira wekuimba nziyo dzaitokonyo mwoyo yavanhu
vazhinji.

17.5.5.2 Mai Chisamba

Tanga tichikurukura pamusoro
pemuzvinambiri VaMtukudzi avo
vakatisiya vaiva nemukurumbira wekuimba
musambo waitokonya vazhinji. Pari zvino
tinoda kukurukura newe pamusoro
paRebecca Chisamba uyo anozivikanwa
nevazhinji kuburikidza nechirongwa chavo
chinonzi Amai Chisamba Show icho
chinoitwa panhepfenyuro yeZBC TV.
Rebecca Tsikirayi akaberekwa kuBindura
mugore ra1952 musi wa21 Gumiguru
mumhuri yevana vanomwe. Vakadzidza
pachikoro cheBindura Salvation Army
Primary School ndokuzoitira sekondari
yavo paUsher Girls High kuMatebeleland.
Rebecca akazonodzidzira kuva murairidzi
paHoward Institute. Murume wavo anonzi
Anold Chisamba, vane vana vashanu
nevazukuru vaviri. Vasati vaita
mukurumbira panhepfenyuro yeZBC semutauri mukuru, Mai Chisamba vakatanga
vaita murairidzi. Vakapfurira mberi nebasa ravo vakazoita murairidzi
wepanhepfenyuro vachishandira bazi redzidzo nemitambo. Vaifamba muzvikoro
zvizhinji vachidzidzisa vana kubudikidza nenhepfenyuro. Vakatangisa kushanda
kunhepfenyuro yeAM Zimbabwe muna 1990 uko kwavaita mbonano.

Semunhu aifarira basa rake vakapfurira mberi vaine mukurumbira

wekuzvishambadza nekuita zvimwe zvirongwa zvepanhepfenyuro yeZBC zvakita
seMhuri Pachinyakare nePakukwira gomo. Pavakakumbirwa kuti vaparure chirongwa
chinonzi Mudzimai wanhasi ndipo pavakatanga kusimukira mubasa ravo. Chirongwa
chavo ichi chakabva chatumidzwa zita idzva rokuti Mai Chisamba Show. Chirongwa
ichi chakaita mukurumbira panhepfenyuro yeZBC nekuda kwehurukuro dzavaiita
dzine chekuita nemagariro evanhu muZimbabwe. Nyaya zhinji dzavaikurukura

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dzaisanganisira gakava pamusoro pemamwe mapfekero evanhukadzi avo
vanopfeka mbatya pfupi dzinosiya muviri panze, uye nyaya dzine chekuita nehutano
kunyanya takatarisana nenyaya yekurasira mapepa pose pose. Dzimwe nyaya
dzaikurukurwa dzinosanganisira kupararira kwechirwere chemukondombera uye
nzira dzekudzivirira chirwere ichi. Chirongwa Mai Chisamba Show chinozikanwa
zvakare nekubata nyaya dzine chekuita mhirizhonga mudzimba nedzimwewo nyaya
dzechikwata chebhora chemuZimbabwe. Vanokurukurawo nyaya dzekukurudzira
tsika nehunhu hwakanaka hunotarisirwa munhauraunda, uye nyaya dzevana
vanozviriritira vari voga dzingava nherera kana vakasiiwa voga nevabereki nokuda
kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana - siyana.

Vane chido chekusimudzira madzimai izvo zvinoonekwa nekutsigira zvirongwa

zvemadzimai nekuvasimudzira. Vavariro yavo ndeyekukurudzira nekudzidzisa
vechidiki kuti vafarirewo mutauro waamai nekuuremekedza. Chirongwa ichi
chinofadza vanhu zvikuru nekuti chinopawo vanhu mikana yekuti wakwanise kupawo
pfungwa dzavo maererano nenyaya dzinenge dzichikurukurwa vachibatsirwawo
navanamazvikokota munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana avo vanenge vakokwa
muchirongwa ichi. Mai Chisamba vakaramba vachibudirira nekuita mukurumbira.
Vanewo mbiru yavanonyora nyaya dzemudzimba mupepanhau reSunday Mail dzine
chekuita nemagariro evanhu vakawanana uye nenyaya dzine chekuita newanano.
Pambiru ravo iri vanhu vanounza nyaya kwavari vachitsvaga rubatsiro pamusoro
pematambudziko avari kusangano navo mudzimba vachida rubatsiro.

17.5.6 Tsvakurudzo: Muzvinambiri

Mumwe nemumwe ane munhu waanofarira uye waanoyemura zvikuru kuburikidza
nezvaanoita zvingava zvinosimudzira nharaunda yake kana nyika. Zvino tinoda
kuti usarudze munhu mumwe chete ane mukurumbira pane zvemitambo, ugoita
tsvakurudzo pamusoro pake, wozonyora pasi zvaunenge wawana semanotsi, kwete
serondedzero, asi chibatsirwa nemisoro inotevera:
• Upenyu hwake
• Mabasa aakamboshanda
• Mitambo yaanoita iri kumuitisa mukurumbira
• Zvaunomudira.

Pfupiso yechitsauko

Kuchipedzisa chikamu chino tinoda kumbokurukura newe ndichikupa pfupiso

yezvatanga tichidzidza. Tatanga nokukujekesera kuti kana tichidzidza mutauro
weChiShona unofanirwa kuva neunyanzvi hwekunyora nekuverenga. Kuti ukwanise
kupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso unofanirwa kuverenga chinyararire ndima yenyaya
kana detembo raunenge wapihwa paunenge uchidai zvinokubatsirawo kuti

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unyatsonzwisisa zvauri kuverenga. Pamibvunzo yenzwisiso yawapihwa mhinduro
dzacho dzaifanirwa kubva munyaya yawaverenga. Zvakakoshawo kuti uve neruzivo
rwekugona kupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso iri kubva pagirafu rawapihwauye
kugona kupindurawo mibvunzo yekutsanangura mibvunzo iri mumutsara. Kunyora
nhamba inowirirana nedzakashandiswa mumibvunzo nemumhinduro yako chinhu
chakakosha zvikuru.

Taona kuti zvakare kuti chirerutsamutauro imwe mhando yechirungamutauro apo

munhu anenge asingakwanisi kuburitsa mazwi chaiwo anotsanangura zvaanenge
achifanira kuita nokuda kwokuti anenge asingakodzeri kutaurwa nemunhu ane
hunhu hwahwo pamwe nenyadzi. Sezvataurwa pamusoro tinodzidza mutauro
weChiShona nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Muchitsauko chino tapenengura madonzvo
echiito. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apo kuti mashandisirwo echiito ndiwo anogona
kuve akasiyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwachinenge chaitwa. Usakanganwa
kuti mamiriro echiito anoratidza kuti mutauri wacho ari pachinzvimbo chipi kune
waari kutaurira. Tasimbisa kuti nemuchidimbu unofanirwa kuziva kuti donzvo rechiito
rinogona kutsanangudzwa sechinangwa chechiito. Taonawo mhando dzemadonzvo
anoti donzvo rokuudza, donzvo renhevedzano, donzvo rokutuma, nedonzvo
rekurudziro. Kunyora rondedzero yemhando yetsanangudzo ndezvimwe zvatadzidza
muchikamu chino. Rangarira kuti taona kuti zvakakoshawo kuti unofanirwa kutanga
wanzwisisa zviri kudiwa nemusoro werondedzero wozounganidza pfungwa dzako
dzawanzwawo kubva kune vamwe kana dzawakamboona uchiumba rondedzero
yako. Kuti ugone kunyora rondedzero yemhando iyi unofanirwa kuve neruzivo
rwakakwana pamusoro penharaunda yako kana nyika yako kuburikidza nekuverenga
mapepanhau, kuteerera nhau, kutarisa zvinobuda mumaterevhizheni nokuita
tsvakurudzo yezvinobata raramo yanhasi paindaneti. Unofanirwa kucherechedza kuti
mhando yerondedzero iyi pfungwa dzako dzinonyorwa muzvindima zvakasiyana.

Kana ukabvunza vanhu vazhinji chatinodzidzira ChiShona, vazhinji vanotungamidza

kukosha kwetsika namagariro mberi uye vachizvitarisa sezvinhu zvinoramba
zvakadaro kubvira munguva yekare. Pachidzidzo chataita chemusambo taona
kuti zviera ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosheswa mutsika nemagariro edu. Zviera
mitemo yaisungirwa kutevedzerwa nekukosheswa mukurarama kwaVaShona.
Vaya vanenge vatadza kutevedzera mitemo yaidiwa mukurarama zvinonzi vaivirwa
nezvakashata izvo zvaizoita kuti vatadze kubuda mazviri. Taona kuti munyika medu
tine vanamuzvinambiri vanova nemukurumbira munyaya dzakasiyana. Takurukura
pamusoro pemudzimai anonzi Mai Chisamba uyo ane mukurumbira kuburikidza
nechirongwa chavo chinonzi Mai Chisamba Show dzinoitwa panhepfenyuro yeZTV
musi weSvondo wega wega manheru. Vanewo zvakare chikamu chavanonyora
nyaya dzavanobatsira vanhu vanovanyorera matambudziko avari kusangana
navo mudzimba. Chirongwa chavo Mai Chisamba Show chine mukurumbira
nekuti chinobata nyaya zhinji dzine chekuita nehutano, nyaya dzechipfambi,

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nyaya dzine chekuita netsika nemagariro evanhu uyewo dzinobata hunhu
hunotarisirwa mumagaariro evanhu nedzimwewo dzatambokurukura pamusoro.
Takujekesera zvakare pamusoro pemumwe muzvinambiri aiva nembiri munyaya
dzekuridza magitare nekuimba anova Oliver Mutukudzi. Nziyo dzavo dzizhinji
vaiimba nomutauro weShona dzimwe dzaiimbwa neChiNdebele uye neChirungu.
Vaiimba nziyo dzaikurudzira vanhu kuti vachengetedze tsika dzechinyakare uye
dzimwe dzaipawo vanhu yambiro pamusoro pematambudziko kana kuti njodzi
dzinosanganikwa nadzo muupenyu. Nziyo dzavo zhinji dzaitokonya vanhu vazhinji
kuburikidza nemashoko adzo izvo zvaizoita kuti vave nemukurumbira pasi rose.

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Chitsauko 18: Nhaka yedu
Zviri Mukati:
18.1 Nzwisiso - Zviwanikwa zvedu
18.2 Kushandiswa kwomutauro - Zvirungamutauro
18.3 Maumbirwo omutauro- Madonzvo ezviito
18.4 Rondedzero - Nhaurwa
18.5 Musambo-Nzvimbo dzemicherechedzo nedzenhaka

Nhanganyaya
Kune zvakawanda zvatakadzidza mumutauro weChiShona muchikamu chapfuura.
Tinoda kukuyeuchidza kuti nzwisiso inokubatsira kuti ugone kuverenga ndima wega
chinyararire uyewo nekupindura mibvunzo zvizere. Uchiri kuyeuka here kuti takati
zvakakoshawo kuti uzive zviri kuitika munharaunda mako nokuti zvinokubatsirawo
kuti ugone kunyora rondedzero yetsanangudzo ine udzamu. Chokwadi chinhu
chakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti zviera zvaivawo nechinangwa chekuchengetedza tsika
dzedu dzechivanhu. Nokudaro kuti unzi munhu pane vamwe kuburikidza nekuva
netsika dzinotarisirwa mukurarama.
Nokudaro muchikamu chino tichapfuurira mberi nekukurukura pamusoro pekuziva
mutauro wedu takanangana nekugona kuverenga nekupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso
senzira yekususukidza unyanzvi hwauinahwo. Mushure tichazokupa zvirungamutauro
zvakashandiswa mundima dzakasiyana. Semudzidzi haufanirwi kutadza kuzvinyurura
nokuti ndizvo zvawagara uchishandisa mukutaura kwako nguva nenguva nokudaro
ndiko kudya kwako. Tichadzidzawo mutauro kuburikidza nemadonzvo ezviito. Uchiri
kurangarira here kuti takati madonzvo anogonawo kutsanangudzwa sechinangwa
chechiito. Nokudaro tichapfuurira mberi tichikurukura pamusoro pemhando
dzemadonzvo echiito anoti donzvo rekwaniso, donzvo rezvanga zvichiitika, donzvo
rechishuwo.

Tichazopedzisira nekukurukura pamusoro penzvimbo dzenhaka yedu. Tinokuvimba

kuti uchadzidza kuti chinonzi nhaka chii uyezve dzimwe nzvimbo dzenhaka
dzatiinadzo. Uchaona kuti patichange tichikurukura wakatomboshanyirawo dzimwe
dzenzvimbo idzi kana kunzwawo nezvadzo, izvi zvichakuitira nyore kuti unzwisise
zvatinenge tichikurukura. Asi pano ndongokupa nzwisa yezvandichakupakurira
muchikamu chino. Kuti zvikuitire nyore unofanirwa kutevera hurukuro yedu newe.

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unofanirwa kunge wokwanisa:

• Kuburitsa pfungwa dzine udzamu nekupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso kubva
mundima yaunenge wapihwa
• Kududzira nekushandisa mutauro kuburikidza nezvirungamutauro

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• Kutsanangura mhando dzemadonzvo ezviito akasiyana -siyana.
• Kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora mhando yerondedzero yenhaurwa.
• Kutsanangura musambo wenzvimbo dzenhaka.

Mazwi anokosha

• Runyanhiriri - inguva yemangwanani zuva risati rabuda.

• Hwandambi - mafashama / kitsi yemusango.
• Dehenya - ibvupa remusoro iro rakatenderedza nokuchengeta uropi.
• Maeka - chipimo chenzvimbo chinowanzoshandiswa pakupima masitendi
kana minda.
• Chitundumuseremusere - indege inokwanisa kubhururuka yakananga
mudenga denga uye inokwanisa kusvika kumwedzi.
• Mbikiza - chirokwe chipfupi chakapfumvunyuka zasi.
• Gavhu- Rudzi rweguchu rune mhunzi mukati rinowanzoshandiswa pakutamba
rakasungirirwa mumakumbo.

Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

• Kuverenga
• Kuongorora
• Kupenengura
• Kunyora
• Kuteerera

18. 1 Nzwisiso: Kodzero dzevanhukadzi

Chamunonetsera varume vangu, hamudi chero kuti ndishame muromo nditaure,
uyu ndiChenai aitaura oga.Ungati zvimwe ndicharidza mhere. Ko, ini ndingagoridza
mhere zvinhu zvakangoita manyama amire nerongo kudai? Ndinongoitawo
kazevezeve futi munoziva Mwari akagara andipa izwi dete saka chamunotya ini
handichioni. Ndiri kutika dai mandipawo mukana nditaure zvangu chero ndiri
seri kwegonhi ndiri mukuwasha, imi chava kuramba. Hanzi ndezvedu izvi! Ho-o!
Ndezvenyu izvi nhai! Ko, iniwo ziya rangu rinosweroerera hamurioni here? Kana uri
sewe Chenjerai unonyatsoziva kuti ini unondifondotsa kudarika dhongi reGokwe.
Handina kana nezororo pano pamba. Ndinotanga runyanhiriri kumuka hwandambi
ndichinhongera masokisi, shangu zvose nenguwo dzomukati zvaunenge wakarasha
imba yose kuita sezvinonzi unodzingirirwa kana wokurura.

Ndichagozopindira pane yokukuwachira somunhu akati handiwachirwi nomushandi

setsvimborume. Ndichibvapo ndinorusumudzira ndonanga kubasa kunokushandira
kubva kumari yebepanhau, fodya nedoro zvose. Pedzezvo musha wose uchada

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chikafu chinobva kuna Chenai. Imika imi, tendaiwo muchero ugowa. Hamuripindi
denga iri ndingapika naVaHombe varere pamupani. Chinzwa iwe kana wobva
kwaunobva warakwa nemari yangu imwe yacho uchitoita yekunzvengesa kuvamwe
vakadzi. Chenjeraika! Mwari akuitire zvakanaka kusadaro achakuranga chete.
Unondivhurumutsa nemuhope ndirere zvangu kuti ndimuke ndikupe sadza.

Sadza rinopiwa munhu jongwe rakukuridza kana pakati pahwo usiku isadza rudziiko?
Zvino kana dziri dzimwe nyaya dziya dziya a-a unomuka chikara. Ko, izvo zvinoda
here kugara wakangombunyikidzwa? Patakatangira nepataveri Chenjerai pava
nomukaha muhombe.

Tadii zvedu kumbotarisana netsvina yakati mwarara musha wose kudai. Chandiri
kutaura apa ndati ini ndinozviziva uye ndakazviziva nokuramba ndichizvizivisisa
chero kubva musi wandabarwa kuti ndiri kupinda munyika yavanhu vanondionera
mugirazi nokuti ndiri munhukadzi. Chero pandakaroorwa vanatete vakatsinhira
vatsinhirazve, “Mwana wehanzvadzi ziva kuti uno musha wavaridzi. Kunyangwe
ukatukwa usaita mheremhere.” Hazvina kuperera ipapo chete. Chandiri
kungochemera ndechokuti kana mati ini ndiri mubatsiri zvakanaka, chiregai kuti
panoda mari napanoda kushandwa monditi ndichitungamira. Musha kana uri wenyu
moga imi chigadzirai mega. Uri kundizwisisa here? Ndiri kuti itai sokuronga kwenyu
kwete kuti pakuronga moronga mega ini mozondipa pave kudiwa mari Chenjerai.
Handisiri kuuya nepfungwa dzekuBeijing uri kuzvizwisisa. Changu ndinongodawo
kuona nyaya dzomusha sezvadziri. Ini handisiri kuda kuona Harare ndiri muLowveld
aiwa.

Baba chete vatezvara vangu ndivo vakatomboedza kundisimudzira nenyaya yokuti

uno musha wavanhu vakadzidza. Vakanyatsonditi isu savanhu vakadzidza tajaira
kuita gakava, saka ndakaona zvakakodzera kutaura kuti ‘pano paita mana’. Ini
hapana chandakashora chete zvakazongondishamisa ndonzi ndakadana shura
pandakati nditi ‘paita manetswa’. Chenjerai saka uchiona ndichiti, ‘Ndinotya!’
Kureva idi rinovhundutsa vakawanda mudehenya mangu umu makatakura
zvakawanda, asi haumboteereriwo Leonard Zhakata achiimba? Hanzi, “ndangariro
dzinorwadza kukunda fungudziro.” Zvangu hapana fungidziro chinondiuraya
kutamba bhora repfungwa chete.

Chinongondinetsa kuita kwenyu varume vangu. Hamudi kuti tizvireve. Honaka

Chenjerai! Iko zvino hamusi kuda kunzwa chero kuti ndonotiiwo padambudziko
rakatikomba kana kuti ratakakomba. Chenyu kungouya mapedza kuronga naiko
kahanzvadzi kako kanenge kahori kemusha. Munhu asina kumboitawo chero shungu
dzokutsvaga musha wake. Ini ndiri kuti dai mambonzwawo maonero angu chete
chete. Inga wani ChiVanhu chinoti hamuzivi chakakodza nguruve. Kuona kwangu
dai wamboedza kunyengetedza madzikoma ako adzoke. Dai zvaingoda madzosera
pfuma yababa yamakagovana ivo vari vapenyu. Dai maedza kuwana nzira yomuti
musha ugadzikane. Dambudziko redu chete tese patinotaurirana nyaya haiperi
tisina kudzvokorana nokuridzirana tsamwa. Bva, zvinogobetserei nhai Chenjerai?

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Kundidzvokora, kutsamwa kana kuridza mazitsamwa ako musiyano hapana.
Dzidzawo kutarisana nechokwadi nekugadziriswa manetswa omusha savamwe
varume.
Ndima iyi yakatorwa muna Ndakaitei naM. Mavesera

18.1.2 Zvokuita
1. Unofunga kuti musoro wenyaya iyi wakakodzera here? Sei uchidaro.
2. Ndechipi chishuwo chemutauri chaari kushaiswa mukana.
3. Tsanangura matambudziko maviri ari kusangana naChenai ari kukonzerwa
nemurume wake Chenjerai.
4. Tsanangura zvirevo izvi semashandisirwo azvakaitwa mundima
(a) tendaiwo muchero ugowa
(b) hamuzivi chakakodza nguruve
(c) ziya rangu rinoerera
5. Nyora pfupiso yenyaya iyi nemazwi asingadariki makumi mashanu.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Ndine chivimbo chokuti wakwanisa kupindura mibvunzo iyi pasina dambudziko.

Kana wanga uchiwana dambudziko pakupindura mibvunzo iyi tinokukurudzira kuti
uverenge zvakare ndima iyi zvinokubatsira kuti unzwisise.
• wakakodzera nokuti unoratidza kutyorwa kwekodzero dzemadzimai
kuburikidza nekudzvanyirirwa kwaiitwa Chenai nemurume wake
• kushaiswawo mukana wokutarawo zvaanofungawo /kusanzwika
• kushandiswa zvakanyanya nemurume wake
• kudyirwa mari yake nemurume wake (nezvimwewo zviri mundima)
(a) Unofanirwa kutenda kana uchinge waitirwawo zvakanaka kuti
mangwana uzoitirwezve.
(b) unofanirwa kungoedza zvose nokuti hapana anoziva zvinogona
kupedza dambudziko riripo/chinosakisa kuti zvinhu zvizonaka
c) Ndinoswera ndichishanda

18.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro:Zvirungamutauro

Chii chinonzi tsumo? Ko, chiizve chinonzi dimikira? Nyaudzosingwi
wakambonzwawo nezvadzo here? Pane mutsauko wei pakati pazvo? Tisati
takurukura newe kuti tinodzidzirei zvirungamutauro unofanirwa kuziva kuti
zvirungamutauro zvaiitirwa kana kuti zvinoitirwa vanhu. Kuti uve neunyanzvi
hwekugona kunyora ChiShona chemandorokwi unofanirwa kuziva kugona
kushandisa zvirungamutaro zvakasiyana siyana zvinosanganisira tsumo, madimikira,
nyaudzosingwi, fananidzo, enzaniso. Muchidzidzo chino tichaedza kutsanangura
kuti zvirungamutauro zvingadudzirwe sei kuti ugone kuzvishandisa mukutaura
nemukunyora. Tinoda kukujekesera kuti zvirungamutauro zvinoti tsumo, madimikira,

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nyaudzosingwi, enzaniso nefananidzo zvine mhuka nezvimwe zvinowanikwa mukati.
Uchaona kuti mukudzidza mutauro kwauri kuita kushandiswa kwezvirungamutauro
kune hochekoche yebhande nebhurugwa.

Nokudaro unofanirwa kuziva kuti pabvunzo yoga yoga panenge paine

zvirungamutauro. Zvino iwe somudzidzi ari kutarisirwa kunyora bvunzo dzeChiShona
unosungirwa kuti uve noruzivo maererano nemibvunzo inogona kubvunzwa
yauchasangana nayo muchikamu chino. Ichi hachisi chinhu chinofanirwa
kukushamisa kana kuvhundutsa nokuti hapana chitsva pabvunzo iyi, chinongodiwa
chete kuzvipa nguva yakakwana yokugadzirira bvunzo. Usakanganwa kuti takati
zvakakoshawo kuti uve neruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro penharaunda yako
nemunyika izvi zvinokubatsirawo kuti ukwanise kunyora rondedzero ine udzamu.
Tinodavira kuti tichiri kufambirana pamwe chete muchidzidzo chino.

Chenjedzo

Kune mabhuku akanyorwa etsumo, madimikira nezvimwewo aunokwanisa

kutsvaga kune vamwe vako kana kutenga uchizvionera ega upfumi horurimi rwedu.
Kana tikaverenga mabhuku ose akanyorwa mururimi rwedu tinowana muine
zvirungamutauro zvakashandiswa zvinonwisa mvura.

18.2.1 Nyaudzosingwi
Ticharamba tichidzokorora kuti mutauro weChiShona wakapfuma chaizvo munyaya
dzenyaudzosingwi. Apa tinoreva kuti unogona kubudisa pachena ruvara, mamiriro,
maitiro kana manakiro echinhu uchishandisa nyaudzosingwi. Zvino tinoda kuti
uverenge ndima inotevera uchaona kuti makashandiswa nyaudzosingwi dzakaiswa
mutaro pasi.

Takazodimura nenzira yaienda kujiri ndiye svetu waya tonanga kujiri. Ini jiri ndairiziva
zvangu asi kuti maiva neshumba nemhondoro dzemudzimu ndaisamboziva.
Tichangoti vhu mujiri ndiye tsve zvokutakurira zvedu pasi asi takange takomekedza
kuti hapana aizoti bufu zvose mujiri umu. Takatanga kunonga mazhanje zvishoma
tichidyawo chaizvo savanhu vakanga vasina chavambokanda mukanwa.

Takaramba tichipinda mukati mejiri kusvika tasvika kwaityisa zvisina ani akamboona.
Tati pedzei kanguva takanzwa kudzvova kweshumba. Vakomana sezvo vaive
vakuru vakabva vatiudza kuti tishingirire kukwira kana vaviri mumuti mumwe
chete wakareba chaizvo titi kwati nawo. Ndakati dhuu kuti ndakakwira sei mumuti
zvikandinetsa. Chandinoziva chete ndechekuti ndakazongoerekana ndakwira
kare mumuti. Takati cheu tikaona uno mukono weshumba uri kuuya. Zvenzara
ndakabva ndazvikanganwa, kubvunda herwo rutsanga ruri mumvura. Shumba iyi
yakabva yati mbikiti, tende munyasi memuti matanga tiri. Ndakabva ndaona kuti
pataidonherawo pasi ndiko kwaiva kudyiwa kwedu.

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Zvinonzi shumba inotya chaizvo kurumwa nenyoka. Ndakati chivindi rongedze,
ndokutyora kamuti ndokukadonhedzera pamusana peshumba. Ndakaona chikara
sumu ndiye tande nebani. Isu tikati chakachenjedza ndochakapa ronda. Takanhonga
tsapo dzedu ndiye tande takananga kumusha.

18.2.2 Tsumo
Rangarira kuti tsumo kutaura kune udzamu kunoratidza ungwaru hwevakuru
vekare. Nepadivi zvakakosha kuti uve neruzivo maererano nekugona kupindura
mibvunzo yetsumo uye nekugona kuinyurura mundima kana mudetembo yaunenge
wapihwa. Izvi zvinogoneka kana ukangonzwisisa zvinodiwa nemubvunzo. Tinoda
kuti utore nguva yako uchiverenga detembo pfupi rinotevera ugoona kushandiswa
kwezvirungamutauro zvetsumo zvizere.
Mwanangu wakapandukira muchirungu
Vasikana vapedzwa nechinzvi chavauyisi
Ini ndoita waani ndiri mai vokubereka?
Ndini ndofira yokuroorwa vepo varipo?
Chinoziva ivhu kuti mwana wembeva anorwara.

Ako mashoko pakuvaka mauya haavhikwi.

Ose machena mazai hapana dema.
Kufa kwehosi inosiya imwe.
Kufa kwehanga mazai anoparara.
Mwana asingachemi anofira mumbereko
Takupereka chimutsamapfihwa chizorora,
Ndiye mukadzinyina wokubikira sadza,
Ndiye pwere ichapa murume mvura.

Hatingambokuti uri mudzidzi akazara kana usina ruzivo rwakakwana rwekugona

kushandisa zvirungamutauro nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Kana uchinge wadai
hapana zvaunenge waita. Asi tinoziva kuti parizvino kubva pamienzaniso yawapihwa
pamusoro wave kukwanisa kuziva mashandisirwo ezvirungamutauro kuburikidza
nenzira dzakasiyana.

18.2.3 Madimikira
Kudimikira kuita zirevera kana kuti kutaura munhu akapeta rurimi: kutaura
kwechikuru kwakabhendekera kunotadzika kunzwisiswa navapwere asi vakuru
vachizwisisana. Handiti kana munhu akataura akapeta rurimi rurimi rwake chairwo
rwomukanwa hatinyatsonzwi zvaanoreva? Naizvozvowo kana mukuru achidimikira
zvinotoda kuti tirodze pfungwa kuti timunzwisise. Kana Chipo akapunza chimbiya
chaamai vake mumba mune chihanzvadzi chake chinomutevera, Solomon, nava
sekuru vake vaMasanzu, Solomon angamuti, “Nhasi unouya ukarohwa naamai.
Unoziva kupenga kwavo.” Asi vaMasanzu vangati, “Inga nhai muzukuru wazvigokera

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moto munhere.” Apa tinoona kuti Solomon, somwana mudiki, haakwanisi kutaura
akapeta rurimi, asi kutaura uku kwava kungobuda kwoga mukanwa maVaMasanzu.
Kana Solomon achiri mudiki chaizvo, angatoti ani, “A vasekuru munonyepa:
Chipo haana kumbogoka moto nokuti waveswa naamai nemachisi; iye akapunza
chimbiya.”

Tinoona kuti dimikira rinohanda sei mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro. Harinyatsonangi

chinhu pachena asi kuti rinopa muenzaniso wezvinoitika muupenyu kuti munhu
akwanise oga kuenzanisa chaitika nomuenzaniso uyu. Munyaya yaChipo pamusoro
tinoona kuti Chipo aita chinhu chakaipa chinomupinza mungozi nokuti nhere, sezvo
inenge iri yedehwe, inozotsva nyakuisimira achitsvawo.

Zvino ngatimboongororai mamwe madimikira nedudziro dzawo:

Dimikira Dudziro
(i) Kuigochera pautsi

Zvino tinoda kukupa mutsauko uripo pakati petsumo nemadimikira nokuti tinoona
kuti vadzidzi vazhinji vanokundikana kuziva mutsauko uyu.

Tsumo mashoko oungwaru mashomanana asi anotaura zvinhu zvikuru. Tsananguro

yamadimikira ingangoshandiswawo kutsumo, asi pachifanirwa kurangarirwa
zvinotevera:
(a) Dimikira harina uremu noudzamu hwetsumo.
(b) Dimikira rine chipande chimwe chete, asi tsumo ine zviviri.
(c) Dimikira rinokwanisawo kuova tsumo kana ragara mururimi rwedu kwenguva
ndefu. Izvi ndizvo zvinosakisa kuti kuve netsumo dzine zvipande zvimwe chete
bedzi.
(d) Tsumo dzinonyanyozivikanwa kupinda madimikira, nokudaro hadzikwanisi
kushandurwa mamiriro adzo sezvingangoitwa mamwe madimikira.
(e) Kana vanhu vachitaura tsumo, kazhinji unonzwa vachiti, “Vakuru
vakati………….” Kwava kutaura tsumo; asi madimikira haanzarwo.
Anongotaurwa chete.

18.2.4 Zvokuita
Tinoda kuti uverenge detembo rinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri pasi pendima
iyi.

Nhai murume wangu,

Zvowoita chiname norusvavarwo, ishavi here rinokudaro?
Haunyari here murume mukuru ayarutsa?
Wenyu akanzarwo hamufuti sedzetse?
Kuredza mwana wavaridzi nezvinotapira?

Vodzidza sei vana vachingozemberwa zemberwa neharahwa?

Mangwana peku peku, mangwana peku peku!

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Ndichachiponjesa ini chimotokari ichocho
Tione kuti munoponjesa sei vana vevamwe,
Verere verere senyoka yapinda muchirugu.

Rina manyanga hariputirwe mumushunje,

Rinobuda pachena.
Naitwotwo twunazvo twana twazvino.
Tsve zvekupfeka zvakadzikama.
Hembe dzacho dzinenge dzakanamira pamuviri.
Twuchazoyeuka bako twanaiwa.
(Kubva mudetembo riri mubhuku Mutakunanzva weNhetembo)

(a) Nyurura nyaudzosingwi nhatu dzakashandiswa mundima iyi.

(b) Tsanangura zvinoreva nyaudzosingwi dzawanyurura pamusoro apo.
(c) Tsumo yakashandiswa mundima yokuti rina manyanga hariputirwe
mumushunje rinorevei?
(d) Nyora fananidzo mbiri dziri mundima.
(e) Nyora enzaniso iri mundima.
(f) Nyurura dimikira rashandiswa mundima iyi

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti mukunyora kwawange uchiita hauna kusangana nedambudziko

guru. Wazvionaka kuti zviri nyore kunyurura zvirungamutauro kubva mundima kana
mudetembo. Zvisinei kana paine pawaita dambudziko ndinokukurudzira kuti uende
kunoona mudzidzisi wako akubatsire. Hedzinoi mhinduro dzinotarisirwa.
(a) Peku, verere, tsve
(b) Peku zvinoreva kusvika panzvimbo usingatarisirwi.
(c) Verere zvinoreva kuti kubva panzvimbo chinyararire usina kuoneka.
(d) Tsve zvinoreva kuti kuisa kana kusiya chawakabata pasi.
(e) Zvinoreva kuti chinhu chose chinoitwa pakavanzika chinozosvika pakubuda
pachena.
(f) Senyoka, sedzetse.
(g) Ishavi.
(h) Kuigochera pautsi.

18.3 Maumbirwo omutauro: Madonzvo ezviito

1 Donzvo rechishuvo
Munhu wese ane zvaanoshuvira kana kuti kuvavarira kuti zviitike kwaari. Vamwe
vemazera ako ndivo vanoshuvirawo kuzoitawo mabasa akanaka ramangwana
akaita sekuva chiremba, kutyaira ndege, kuva gweta nezvimwewo zvakanaka
kana zvakaipa. Tinodavira kuti une zvinhu zvizhinji zvaunoshuvira kuita kana kuti
zviitike muupenyu hwako. Rega ndimbokupa muenzaniso tomboti wanyora
bvunzo dzegwaro rechina dzainge dzakaona asi wozoona kuti wakapasa. Kupasa

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kwako kunokufadza zvikuru kana hama neshamwari dzako dzinogona kufarawo
zvikuru sei vabereki vako izvo zvinozoita kuti vabereki vako uvaudze zvaunoshuvira
uchishandisa donzvo rechishuvo. Donzvo iri rinoratidzawo kuti munhu anoshuva
kuvei kana kudii. Chiito chiri mudonzvo iri chinowanzotungamirwa nechiitogama /
kuti/Tarisa mienzaniso inotevera:
• Ndikada kuti ndigare pasi ndingakotsira
• Tinoda kuti uzoita chiremba kana wakura
• Dzidzai nesimba kuti mubudirire
• Tinoda kuti tiende tose mangwana

Pamienzaniso iri pamusoro mazwi ane mitaro pasi ndiwo ari mudonzvo rokushuva.
Tikatarisa tinoona kuti dzimwe nguva /kuti/ uyu haabudi pachena sezvizvi:
Nyarara unzwe zviri kutaurwa
Tsvaira mumba musaite tsvina
Gadzikai pasi tione zviri mukati

Tinoda kuti ucherechedze kuti pamuenzaniso wokutanga tinogona kuti Nyarara kuti
unzwe zviri kutaurwa kana kusaburitsa pachena kuti wacho.

Zviito zviri mudonzvo iri zvinoperekedzwa zvakare nadai. ’Dai’ inoita kuti zviito
zvipinde munguva yekare asi chinhu chiri kutaurwa chiri chanhasi uno. Ona
mienzaniso inotevera:
• Dai ndakaziva ndisina kumboteerera yambiro dzake
• Dai ndaiva mukuru wechikoro ndaimakidza vose vasingade zvekudzidza kuti
vadzidze
• Dai ndikapasawo pabvunzo dziri kuuya
• Dai ndaiva nemapapiro ndaiende kunyika iri kure

2 Donzvo rezvanga zvichiitika

Donzvo iri rinobudisa zvanga zvichiitika panguva yazoitika chimwe chiitiko.
Rinoshandisa chitaridzanguva /-chi-/.Somuenzaniso :
Ndasiya vachitamba bhora kunhandare.
Vana vanga vachitaura mudzidzisi ari panze.
Mukomana anga achinyora svomhu nevamwe.
Mwana anga akarara pataendako.

Donzvo iri rinooneka nekushandisa chivakazwi /-i/ Somuenzaniso:

viii. Taitaura panguva yakasvika mukuru wechikoro.
ix. Vainwa doro pakasvika mapurisa.
x. Ndaidya mbambaira pavakasvika.

Donzvo iri rinoshandiswa zvakare mushure metuvakamazwi twunoti:

/-zva- Somuenzaniso

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5. Zvatapinda achitaura abva anyarara.
Rinoshandiswa mushure metuvakamazwi twunoti:
/nga-/ Somuenzaniso
6. Pasvika mutungamiri webato vanga vachidya.
7. Havana Kuona zvaitika nokuti vanga vakarara.
8. Sekuru vanga vachirima patanga kunaya mvura.
9. Amai vakanga vachiziva mbavha yakaba mari yavo.

Chiito chiri mudonzvo iri chinogona kutungamirwawo nechibatanidzi /-wana/

somuenzaniso :
Tawana vachirwira chingwa chokunwisa putugadzike
Sekai awana vachikurukura nyaya.
Vawana tapedza chidzidzo.

3 Donzvo rekwaniso
Donzvo iri rinoburitsa pfunga yezvinhu zvinogona kuitika.Iri idonzvo
rezvinozokwanisika kana chimwe chinhu chatanga kuitika. Donzvo iri rinoshandisa
chivakazwi /-nga-/-nge-/ ,/kuti/ ,asi /kana/ ndiyo inonyanyoshandiswa.
Somuenzaniso:
(i) Tingafare kana tikawana mabhuku matsva.
(j) Vangangouya nechitima husiku.
(k) Akazenge azopedzisa kunyora tsamba.
(l) Ndingakunda kana ndikashingirira
(m) Kana akasvika muudze kuti taenda.
(n) Kuti tibudirire tinifanirwa kushanda nesimba.

Madonzvo ezviito
• Rokuita • Rokutuma • Rokuudza • Redudziramuiti • Regoneko
(a) Anoda zvake (a) Rara (a) Nhasi (a) Ndiye akarara (a) Kana
kurara panze. pamubhedha tinorara pano. apo uyo. tikasimuka iye
apo. > Rarai zvino, tingarara
(b) Mbuya pamubhedha (b) Vachaona (b) Kuchaira taveko.
vanogona apo. chitsvuku nhasi. kunoda munhu
kubika doro. anoona zvakanaka. (b) Chii
(b) Bika zvako (c) Vakabika chingandiona
(c) Handikwanisi mupunga. > sadza Nederere (c) Vose vaibika ini?
kuona zviri kure. Bikai zvenyu madeko. kachasu
mupunga. vakasungwa. (c) Vangabika
zvavo nyama
yose iyoyo.

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• Renhevedzano • Rechishuwo • Rekurudziro • Rezvinenge • Rokubvunza
zvichiitika
(iv) Akasvika (a) Tinoda kuti • Ngavarare (a) Kana uchida, (vi) Anoda kurara
usiku, akarara murare pano. nhasi, enda. panze here?
panze apo. vozoenda
(b) Vaida kuti mangwana. (b) Tinofara, kana (vii) Uri kuda
(v) Mai vachauya tione zvose • Iye ngaaone muchifarawo. kuona Shupi
vakabika zvavo. zvaiitika. ega zviri here?
kuitika. (c) Vanga
(vi) Tichazokuona (c) Akanga • Ngaabike tii vachiverenga, isu (viii) Muri kubika
mangwana. ogadzirira kuti anwe. tichinyora. mazondo here?
abike muriwo.
(vii)
Tichandomuona
nhasi.

18.3.1 Zvokuita
Chiito /nyora/ sezvachiri chinogona kupinda mumadonzvo matatu anoti donzvo
rekwaniso, donzvo rezvanga zvichiitika, donzvo rechishuwo. Tsigira nezvirevo
zvishanu zvinotaridza donzvo roga roga.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti wakwanisa kunyora basa ratakupa uchishandisa ruzivo rwawawana

pamanotsi ari pamusoro apo. Kana uchirine dambudziko ndinokukurudzira
kuti unoona mudzidzisi wako kana kubvunzawo vamwe vako vanokwanisawo
kukubatsira. Parizvino tinokukurudzira kuti urambe uchiita dzokororo yebasa
remadonzvo uchibatsirana neshamwari yako. Hedzinoi mhinduro dzinotarisirwa
pabasa rawakanyora tinodavira kuti dzinopondirana nedzawakanyora.
Tambudzai anganyora bvunzo kana achinge abuda muchipatara.
Mudzidzisi anga achinyora chirungu pachidziro.
Vakada kunyora iko zvino vanokoniwa.
Ndamuona achinyora tsamba kunababa vake.
Mukasamubatsira anganyora svomhu dzisiridzo

18.4 : Rondedzero
Kubva muzvikamu zvapfuura takambotaura pamusoro pemanyorerwo erondedzero
yenhaurwa. Uchiri kurangarirra here kuti manyorerwo emhando yerondedzero iyi.
Hongu warangarira kuti nhaurwa imhando yerondedzero ine chinangwa chokuti
munyori anyore achitsanangura pamusoro pezvinhu zvaangataure kuvataeereri

80
pamusangangano kana pagungano. Tine chivimbo chokuti unomboteererawo kana
kuona munhu achiverenga zvinenge zvichibva papepa kuvateereri. Izvi hazvifanirwi
kukunetsa nokuti kuti munhu ataure mashoko anogutsa uye ane pundutso kune
veruzhinji anototanga afunga zvese zvaanoda kuzotaura pamusoro pazvo ozvinyora
pasi. Usanetsekane zvako tinoda kukuwedzera ruzivo pamusoro pokunyora nhaurwa
yakanaka.

Kuti ugone kunyora nhaurwa yakanaka unofanirwa kusarudza rondedzero

yenhaurwa yauinenge uine ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvinhu zvinenge zvichida
kutaurwa nezvazvo. Kana ukakwanisa kuita izvi zvinokubatsirawo kuti ukwanise
kunyora rondedzero yakanaka. Zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti unofanirwa kurunga
nhaurwa yako nezvirungamutauro. Kana uchinge wadaro zvinokubatsirawo kuti ive
nhapitapi munzeve dzevateereri

Pari zvino tinodavira kuti pane zvose zvatange tichikurukura wava kukwanisa
kugona kunyora rondedzero yenhaurwa ine mutauro wemandorokwati uyewo ine
pfungwa dzinoererera. Usakanganwe kuti takati pakunyora nhaurwa tinotanga
nenhanganyaya tozoti mutumbi tozopedzisirawo nemhedziso. Ukangotevedzera izvi
chete unenge wabaya dede nemukanwa.

18.4.1 Zvokuita
Uri mutungamiriri weSocial Welfare. Nyora nhaurwa yaungapa kugungano
revabereki pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevana.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Semudzidzi ave neunyanzvi hwekugona kunyora rondedzero ine udzamu tinovimba

kuti wakakwanisa kunyora basa rawakapihwa pasina dambudziko. Tinoda
kukohomedza zvakare kuti ukangotevedzera matanho arehwa pamusoro apo
unenge wagona chose. Nokudaro pakupa mhinduro yako waifanirwa kutevedza
zvinotevera:
Kutanga nekukwazisa vakuru vemunharaunda nevamwe vakokwa vanenge varipo.
Wapedza wozotaura chinangwa chamaunganira.
Mumutumbi ndimo munonyorwa zvose zviri kudiwa nemubvunzo. Hedzinoi kodzero
dzevana dzinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa:
6. Kubata vana zvakafanana pamberi pemutemo.
7. Kupiwa zita nemutupo wedzinza rako
8. Kuwana gwaro rokuzvarwa nokukasika
9. Kuchengetwa nevabereki kana nehumwe hurongwa
10. Kuchengedzwa pakusabatwa chibharo kana kushandisa, kusabatwa zvakanaka
kungosiiwa usina anokuriritira.
11. Kupinzwa chikoro
12. Kuendeswa kuchipatara
13. Kuwana zvokudya zvinovaka

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14. Kuwana pokugara
15. Kusapinzwa muchiuto kana kushandiswa mukurwa hondo
16. Musamanikidzwa kuita zvematongerwo enyika
17. Kusaiswa muhusungwa kunze kwekunge pasisina chimwe chekuita.

18.5 Misambo: Nzvimbo dzenhaka yedu nemicherechedzo

Muchitsauko chapfuura ndakakurukura newe pamusoro pezviera. Kana uchiri
kurangarira takati chiera chii? Ndizvozvo chaizvo kuti iyi mitemo yaisungirwa
kutevedzerwa nekukosheswa mukurarama kwaVaShona. Vaya vanenge vatadza
kutevedzera mitemo yaidiwa mukurarama zvinonzi vaivirwa nezvakashata izvo
zvaizoita kuti vatadze kubuda mazviri. Takapfuurira mberi nekukurukura pamusoro
pavanaMuzvinambiri vapenyu nevashashakabvu. Tarira uone kuti munyika medu
tine vanamuzvinambiri vanova nemukurumbira munyaya dzakasiyana .Takurukura
pamusoro pemudzimai anonzi Mai Chisamba uyo ane mukurumbira kuburikidza
nechirongwa chavo chinonzi Mai Chisamba Show dzinoitwa panhepfenyuro yeZTV
musi weSvondo wega wega manheru. Takazopfurira mberi nekukujekesera zvakare
pamusoro pemumwe muzvinambiri aiva nembiri munyaya dzekuridza magitare
nekuimba anova Oliver Mutukudzi.

Tisati takurukura newe pamusoro penzvimbo dzenhaka yedu zvinokoshawo kuti

uzive kuti chii chinonzi nzvimbo dzenhaka? Idzi inzvimbo dzakagadzirwa uye
dzakasiiwa nemadzitateguru edu dzinotibatsira kuti tizivikanwe kuti tiri vanaanani
uye dzinoratidza kukosha kweVaShona. Dzakakoshawo nekuti dzinotitaridzawo
chivanhu chedu uye dzinotirangaridzawo zvakaitwa nemadzitetaguru edu kuti
tizosvika patiri nhasi uno. Tinodavira kuti tiri kufambirana pamwe chete muchidzidzo
chino. Ndinokuvimbisa kuti muchitsauko chino uchadzidza pamusoro penzvimbo
dzinoera, micherechedzo mikuru yemunyika uye pamusoro pedzimba dzamabwe.
Uchaona kuti chidzidzo ichi chichakunakidza uye chichakuitira nyore nokuti zvimwe
zvirimo makazviita kuchidzidzo cheHistory.

18.5.1 Micherechedzo yomunyika

(a) Mureza weZimbabwe

Mureza wenyika hausingori chiratidzo

chisina basa, mureza uyu une basa uye
une hukoshi munyika muedu.
Zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti mavara ari
pamureza weZimbabwe anorevei kuitira
kuti uzivewo hukoshi hwekwatakabva
zvinokubatsirawo kuti uzive
kwatakananga. Mureza unomiririra nyika
uye unoreva kubatana. Kune vamwe
vanhu, mureza unopa rudadiso apo
pavanozvifunga pamwe chete nevamwe

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vavo maererano nerwendo rwawakafamba nekufa kwevamwe vavo murwendo
rwekusunungura nyika yavo. Mureza weZimbabwe une nyaya yakazvimiririra yega.
Mamborume Charles akaenda kuEngland nechinangwa chokuunganidza Union Jack
panguva yaigadzirwa mureza weZimbabwe zvichireva kuti mureza weZimbabwe
ndewemhando yepamusoro. Chechedza kuti mureza weZimbabwe wakagadzirwa
nemitsetse minomwe inosanganisira ruvara rweyero, rutsvuku, rutema, ruchena,
rwegirini pamwe chete neshiri yeZimbabwe. Zvose zviri pamureza uyu
zvakabvumiranwa musi wa18 Kubvumbi 1980 panguva yakawana nyika ino
kuzvitonga kuzere. Wakambozvibvunzawo here kuti mavara ari pamureza
weZimbabwe ndeei? Tinovimba kuti hausi vamwe vaya vanofunga kuti mavara aya
ndeekungoshongedza mureza chete. Aiwa mavara aya ane basa guru raanomirira
ratichakurukura nezvaro.
(a) Ruvara rwegirini
Ruvara rwegirini pamureza rwunomirira zvirimwa zvenyika pamwe
nezviwanikwa. Unofanirwa kuziva zvakare kuti murangaridzo wekukosha
kweivhu iro rakapihwa vanhu vatema kuburikidza nehondo yerusununguko
pamwe nechirongwa chekugova ivhu patsva.
(b) Ruvara Rweyero
Ruvara urwu rwunomirira hupfumi hwezviwanikwa zvechicherwa
zvinosanganisira, goridhe, ngoda, kiromu, sirivha pamwe chete nezvimwe
zvakadaro.
(c) Ruvara rutsvuku
Ruvara urwu chiyeuchidzo cheropa rakadeuka muChimurenga Chokutanga
neChechipiri, ropa revanakomana nevanasikana veZimbabwe vakazvipira
hupenyu hwavo kumiririra ramangwana renyika ino.
(d) Ruvara rutema
Runomirira ruzhinji rwevanhu kana kuti zvido zveruzhinji. Uyu mucherechedzo
zvakare wekusimuka kwevatema vachitora zvinzvimbo zvavo sezvo
vaimbotorwa sevanhu vepasi vasina chibatsiro.
(e) Ruvara Ruchena
Runomirira runyararo rwerusununguko rwakawanika muno munyika.
(f) Shiri yenyika
Hungwe ishiri yomucherechdzo wenhoroondo yeZimbabwe .Ichi chidzitiro
cheino nyika, mufananidzo weshiri iyi wakatorwa kubva kurusvingo
rweZimbabwe mumakore a19 senjuri uye shiri idzi dzine zvadzinoreva
kuvanhu vemuZimbabwe zvichibva munhoroondo yenyika.
(g) Nyenyedzi tsvuku
Nyenyedzi iyi yakatenderedza shiri inomiririra zvidokwa dokwa zvenyika,
hukama nedzimwe nyika, ramangwana rakajeka izvo zvinokwanisa
kunzwisisika chete kana munhu akaziva simba rakaunzwa nekusununguka
kwakaita nyika ino pamwe nekutambudzika kwakasangana nezvizvarwa
zvenyika ino.
(h) Gonyanhatu ichena
Uyu mucherechedzo worugare norunyararo munyika yeZimbabwe.
Nokudaro unofanirwa kuziva kuti kuremekedza mureza wenyika chiitiko
chinowanika kunyika zhinji kwete muZimbabwe chete asi pasi rose. Pane

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 zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutevedzerwa pakusimudzwa kwemureza. Chekutanga
mureza haufanirwi kugunzva pasi, kana uchinge wasakara unofanirwa
kuparadzwa nenzira inoremekedzeka.
(i) Shiri yeZimbabwe

Chiumbwa chematombo cheshiri

yehungwe chinomirira semufananidzo
wenyika yeZimbabwe. Shiri iyi
inowanikwa pamureza weZimbabwe
nepamari yenyika yepepa neyesirivha
.Inomirira gondo kana kuti rudzi rwehove
yegondo yemuAfrica. Chiumbwa
cheshiri iyi chine patani yezvinhu
zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira
matombo akatsetseka anowanikwa
kuDzimba dzamabwe. Shiri iyi
inoshandiswa pakawanda inoiswawo
pamabheji emuzvikoro zvemuZimbabwe.
Shiri iyi inonzi ine chekuita nemidzimu
yenyika zvichinobatana nemusikavanhu.
Dzimwe nguva shiri iyi inodaidzwa kuti
Shiri Yamwari.

18.5.2 Nzvimbo dzenhaka

(a) Mapopoma eMosi-a-Tunya
Mapopoma aya anozivikanwa zvakare
nezita rokuti Mosi-oa-Tunya zvichireva
izvo kuti ‘Utsi Hunotinhira’. Kuti uve
neruzivo pamusoro pemapopoma
eVictoria Falls zvakakoshawo kuti uzive
nhoroondo yawo. Pakasvika 1855
mumwe mumishinari wokuScotland
aiongorora nyika ainzi David Livingstone
akanga atopedza makore achifamba
rwendo rwurefu rwakaoma nomuAfrica
nyika yakanga isingazivikanwe nedzimwe
nyika panguva iyoyo. Pakufamba kwake
akananga kumabvazuva achitevedza
rwizi rweZambezi rukuru, vanhu vemo
vaitaura nezvemapopoma makuru
anoshamisa aiva mberi. Nemhaka
yoruzha rukuru nemhute yaaiita, vanhu
veko vaidaidza nezita rokuti Mosi-oa-
Tunya zvichireva izvo kuti ‘Utsi
Hunotinhira’.

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 Nokudaro Livingstone akaronga kuti anoonera mapopoma acho ari pedyo,
ayo zvino ava kunzi Victoria Falls. Anorondedzera kuti apo aifamba achienda
mujengachenga megomba akadongorera mugoronga guru rakanga raitwa
kubva kumahombekomba kusvika kumahobekombe eZambezi rwakafara.
Anoti akaona kuti rwizi urwu rwakanga rwakafara mamita anokwana
kusvika chiuru rwaiita mapopoma rwuchidzika mamita anenge makumi
matatu rwozoguma rwava ruduku zvokungova mamita gumi nemashanu
kusvika makumi maviri. Kana rwizi rwakazara Victoria Falls, iyo iri pakati
peZambia neZimbabwe, nhasi inoonekwa semvura inopopoma yakawanda
kupfuura dzose pasi rose yakaita seketeni. Panguva iyoyo dzvotsvotsvo
remarita 545000 000 paminiti imwe chete rinodzika mamita inosvika zana
nesere richipinda mugomba guru iri. Mvura yose yaZambezi inozomhanya
nemugoronga rinomonereka monereka risingasviki mamita makumi
matanhatu neshanu. Chimiro cheVictoria Falls ndicho chinoita kuti chive
chishamiso chikuru zvechokwadi.

Mapopoma aya akapoteredzwa nenzvimbo yakanaka zvikuru uye

inoyevedza. Nzvimbo iyi ine miti yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Munewo
mhuka dzinoshamisa dzinosanganisira mvuu, nzou, mafuriramudenga,
mvumba, mbizi, uye shumba. Shiri dzakanaka dzakaita semakondo nefalcon
dzisingachaoneki dzinogara mumawere .Zvinonzi hapana mumhu anogona
kufungidzira runako rwenzvimbo yacho achienzanisa nechinhu chipi
nechipi chaakaona pasi rose. Hapana munhu wekuEurope akanga aona
nzvimbo yakanaka kudai kunze kwengirozi idzo dzavaiona dzichibhururuka
muchadenga.

Parizvino pava nemakore anokwana kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu

mushure mokunge Livingstone atanga kuona nzvimbo iyi. Naizvozvo
nzvimbo iyi akaitumidza kuti Victoria Falls kubva pazita raMambokadzi
Victoria wokuEngland. Nokudaro mazana ezviuru zvavanhu gore negore
anobva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika kuti vazozvionere mbiri yayo.
Uchaona kuti Victoria falls yakanyatsokodzera kuva nomukurumbira wainawo
sechimwe chezvishamiso zvenyika yose zvakasikwa zvakadaro.

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(a) Nzvimbo inovigwa magamba enyika
Nzvimbo inovigwa magamba
enyika inonzi National Heroes
Acre. Nzvimbo iyi inomira
somucherechedzo wokutambura
nekudzvanyirirwa kwevanhu
vatema nevarungu. Vatungamiriri
vehondo yorusununguko neavo
vakazvipira kuunza shanduko
muZimbabwe vakavigwawo
panzvimbo iyi. Nzvimbo iyi iri
kumadokero emuguta guru
reHarare uye rwune maeka
anokwana kuita makumi mashanu
nemanomwe. Pane chiumbwa
chemufananidzo wegamba
risingazivikanwi ndicho
chinonyanyokwezva veruzhinji kuti vafarire kushanya panzvimbo iyi. Zvakare
zvimwe zvivezwa zviripo zvinoratidza marwiro akaitwa hondo, uye nemiziyamu
iripo inotaridza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshongedzawo nzvimbo iyi.

Nokudaro nekuda kwechimiro chenzvimbo iyi vanhu vazhinji vanofarira

kuishanyira nokuda kwekuti vanenge vachida kunzwisisa chinyakare
nenhoroondo yeZimbabwe.Nzvimbo yeNational Heroes Acre yakawakwa
mugore ra1980 somucherechedzo wokurangarira avo vakarwa hondo
nokuunza rusununguko munyika yeZimbabwe. Parizvino panzvimbo iyi
pavigwa magamba anodarika zana negumi. Vamwe vevanoremekedzwa
vakavigwa panzvimbo iyi vanosanganisira mutevedzeri wenyika Dr Joshua
Nkomo, Dr Simon Vengesai Muzenda, Joseph Msika naJohn Landa Nkomo.

(b) Chiumbwa chegamba risingazivikanwi

Chiumbwa cheruvara rwebhuronzi

chegamba risingazivikanwi
ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha
panzvimbo iyi. Chiumbwa ichi
chine vanhu vatatu vanoti varume
vaviri nemukadzi mumwe chete,
avo vanomiririra vanhukadzi
nevanhurume vasingazivikanwi
vakazvipira kurwira rusununguko
rwenyika yedu. Pamufananidzo
uyu pane mumwe murume
akabata chitundumuseremusere
nemumwe mukadzi akabata pfuti, nemumwe murume akabata mureza
wenyika. Chiumbwa ichi chakava semucherechedzo wekukosha kwenhaka

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 yedu. Mamwe madziro enzvimbo iyi akavakwa semucherechedzo weGreat
Zimbabwe, uyewo makuva acho akavakwa zvakada kufanana neKhami
Ruins. Nzvimbo yeNational Heroes Acre yakagadzirwa neunyanzvi
hunoburitsa chimiro cherudzi rwepfuti yeAK-47 iyo yainge yakakosha uye ine
mukurumbira munguva yehondo yerusununguko. Kuseri kwemufananidzo
wechiumbwa chegamba risingazivikanwi kune shongwe yorusununguko.

Mwenje uripo unomirira vavariro yokusununguka nekuzvitonga kuzere

kwevanhu vemuZimbabwe. Mucherechedzo wemwenje uya wakatungidzwa
musi wa18 Kubvumbi 1980 apo paipembererwa zuva ratakawana kuzvitonga
kuzere. Mwenje uyu unomirirawo zvakare mweya weavo vakafa munguva
yehondo. Mwenje uyu uri pamusoro peshongwe iyo yakareba mamita
makumi mana inoonekwa kunyangwe uri chinhambwe.

Masvingo eDzimbabwe

Nzvimbo iyi inowanikwa makiromita makumi matatu kubva muguta reMasvingo.

Dzimba Dzamabwe idzi dzakavakwa kare neVaShona. Chidziro ichi chakavakwa
zvine unyanzvi pasina dhaka. Nekuda kweunyanzvi hwemavakirwo akaitwa Great
Zimbabwe vashanyi vokutanga vekuEurope vakatadza kutevedzerawo mavakirwo
acho. Neimwe nzira unyanzvi uhwu hwakabva hwava chiratidzo chokuti vanhu
vemuno muAfrica vanokwanisawo kugadzira zvinhu zvakanaka vachibudirira
kunyangwe vaitorwa sevanhu vasina rubatsiro panyika.

Panzvimbo iyi pane imba huru yeumambo yakavakwa nechinangwa chokuzvidzivirira

kubva kuvaparadzi nevavengi. Musha weumambo uyu wainge wakavakwa nenzira
yakanaka yakasiyana neimwe misha yaiva mujinga mawo. Imba huru iyi waivawo

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mucherechedzo wesimba neupfumi pakutonga kwavo. Mukati memusha uyu
maivawo neimba yavahosi wamambo. Great Zimbabwe iyi inomiririrawo kukosha,
nekuwavo neunyanzvi hwekuita basa kwevanhu vemuZimbabwe. Nzvimbo iyi
inokoshawo zvikuru nokuti vanhu vanoshanyako kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana
dzepasi rose nekuda kwekuda unyanzvi hweVaShona. Izvi zvonotikosherawo
nokuti vashanyi ava vanosiyawo mari yokunze. Mamiriro akaita Great Zimbabwe
anotaridzawo nhoroondo yekwatakabva uyewo kuti inhaka yakasiiwa kuzvizvarwa
zvanhasi nezvichauya zvenyika ino.

Pfupiso yechitsauko

Muchitsauko chino tatanga nokukubaira zano rokuti kuti ugone kupindura mibvunzo
yenzwisiso unofanirwa kuva neunyanzvi hwekugona kuverenga. Tazokurukura newe
kuti zvirungamutauro zvinoti tsumo, madimikira, enzaniso, fananidzo tinozvishandisa
mumutauro wedu mazuva ose. Tazokupakurirawo zvirungamutauro zvakashandiswa
munyaya nemunhetembo. Waona here kuti zvakakoshawo kuti ugone kunyurura
zvirungamutauro izvi kubva munyaya nemunhetembo. Taona kuti madonzvo
ezviito anotsanangura chinangwa chechiito. Tazopedzisira hurukuro yedu iyi
nekubata mhando dzemadonzvo anoti donzvo rekwaniso iro tati nemuchidimbu
rinotsanangudza zvinogona kuitika.

Yeuka kuti tati donzvo rezvanga zvichiitika rinoratidza zviito zvinenge zvichiitika
nguva imwe chete. Tazotarisawo donzvo rechishuwo. Takurukura zvakare pamusoro
pemanyorerwo erondedzero yenhaurwa. Kuti unyore rondedzero inonwisa mvura
unofanirwa kugona kushandisa zvirungamutauro murondedzero yako. Ukaita izvi
zvinokubatsira pakuwana zvibodzwa zvakawanda. Unofanirwa kuziva kuti hakuna
munhu anogona kunyora rondedzero yenhaurwa asina ruzivo pamusoro pezvaari
kuda kutaura nezvazvo. Nokudaro zvakakosha kut utange waronga Pfungwa dzako
usati wanyora rondedzero iyi.

Semudzidzi waona kuti zvakakoshawo kuti uzive pamusoro penzvimbo dzenhaka

yedu dzatiinadzo. Ukaerekana waziva zvakakukomberedza zvinokubatsirawo kuti
uone kukosha kwenyika yedu nenhaka yedu. Ndinokuvimbisa kuti kana uchida
kuva neruzivo rwakakwana uye kunakidzwa nechidzidzo ichi unokurudzirwa
kuramba uchiverenga uye nekuvawo neruzivo pamusoro penharaunda nenyika yako
kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzinosanganisira kutsvaga ruzivo padendemutande,
kuverenga mabhuku, kuverenga mapepanhau nekuteerawo nhau.

Bvunzo

Nyora bvunzo iyi yose munguva inoita maawa maviri chete. Nyora zvinoverengeka
uye zvino utsanana. Ukasadaro unodyirwa mamakisi.

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Zvino yava kusvika nguva yawanga wakamirira, nguva yedzokororo. Taona sechinhu
chakanaka kuti timbokupakurirawo pfungwa dzedu pamusoro pebvunzo yerurimi
rwaamai chete.

Pari zvino unofanirwa kuva wava neruzivo rwunokwanisa kukupasisa bvunzo

yako zvakanaka manga muri kudzidza nesimba nguva yose. Kudzidza kwavanhu
kwakasiyana, vamwe vanoramba vaine mabhuku kusvikira vatopinda kuumba
yebvunzo, asi vamwe havazvikwanisi. Kana misi yebvunzo chaiyo yasvika
havazokwanisa kuramba vachiverenga kwete. Isu apa tinokurudzira munhu kuti
averenge-verengewo kana nguva yebvunzo yasvika kuti amutsiridze ruzivo rwake,
asi anofanira kuzvipa nguva yake yakakwana yokuzorodza pfungwa, kufanana nokuti
achimbidzorara.

Bvunzo haifaniri kutyisa munhu anga achiita basa rake zvakanaka pakati penguva
nokuti basa rayo harisi rokuvhiringidza vabvunzwi nokuvaratidza kuti ifuza
dzokwakurema, asi rokuzungura nzungu dziri murusero rwedzidzo kuti kukwanise
kuonekwa mutsauko wemateko, mhutwa, mabandi nenzungu dzizere. Iwe pindura
mibvunzo mushure mekunge wanzwisisa mubvunzo zvakanaka, usingatenderere asi
kunangana nezvaunenge wapiwa.

Chenjedzo

Tinovimba kuti uri kunzwisisa zvaunofanirwa kuita paunenge uchigadzirira bvunzo

dzako.

Nzwisiso

Mufananidzo wemhuka huru dzinowanikwa munyika yedu yeZimbabwe

89
Kubvira makore apo mbongoro dzainge dzichiri nenyanga dzakamonyoroka
sedzenhoro, vekumatenga vaainge vanyemwerera mapudzi avo pano panyika
nekuvapa zviwanikwa zvinenge chekausiye hove yegungwa. Nyika ino yose izere
neupfumi hwezviwanikwa zvinove nhaka yemusiiranwa. Zvatakasiirwa nevakaenda
zvinosanganisira zvinobatika nekuoneka zvakaita sezvicherwa kana nzizi.
Takasiirwawo nhaka yeshwiro neutsome hwetsika nemagariro edu pachivanhu.

Kuuya kwakaita dandemutande rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo kwakazarura

matura matsva maringe nenhaka yedu inobva munharaunda dzedu. Pasi rose
nhasi rasvinyangwa kusara rave kunge musuva wesadza. Nyika dzepasi rose dzave
kuswera dzave kuziva zvinowanikwa mune yedu nyika zvakaita senzizi dzinoti
Zambezi, Limpopo, Save nedzimwewo. Zviwanikwa zvemurwizi zvisina kana ani
anogona kuzvipedza zvakaita semvura, hove, musheche kana matombo anokosha
sendarama nengoda, zvose zvava kungopembedzwa padandemutande rekufambisa
mashoko neruzivo.

Mufananidzo weMutarazi Falls

Kune dzimwe nyika dziri kurwerwa rute dzichiona nhaka yatiinayo mune ino
nyika. Kwavari hakuna nzvimbo dzinoyevedza dzakaita semapopoma eMosi-
oa-Tunya, dziva guru reChirorodziva kana masvingo eZimbabwe, kusanganisira
nemuturikidzwa wematombo eMatonjeni. Zvose izvi inhaka yedu senyika
yeZimbabwe. Kuti zvisvike kune vari kunze hunge zvaerera nedandemutande
rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo zvichiita kuti vashanyi vekunze vanenge vabaiwa
nemudongodongo wekuda kuzvionera pamhino sefodya vauye vari gurusvusvu, isu
munyika tichipakira muhomwe makandinzwanani yavanoripa kuti vasvike kunzvimbo
dzenhaka yedu idzi. Mukushanyirana imomo, munobuda hukama hwakasungwa
nevagari vekune dzimwe nyika ukuwo kandiro kachipfumba kunobva kamwe.

Ivhu redu, masango edu nemhuka dzedu dziri mumatenhere, inhaka yedu isu
zvizvarwa zvenyika ino. Mhuka, shiri kana tumbuyu zvinhu zvinongozviraramira
zvoga musango. Chedu isu kuyeva zviwanikwa izvi kana kupota tichivhima kuitira
usavi sezvo mukanwa muri mumba munodawo kupota muchitsvairwa. Kuti zvose
izvi zvive zvinochengetedzwa, tirege kuita madyirakupedza muchero wegudo,
dandemutande rekufambisa ruzivo nemashoko rabatsira. Veruzhinji vari kushanda
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pamwe nebazi rinoona nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda dzedu kuti tive
tinoshandisa zviwanikwa tichiziva kuti kune ramangwana rinoda kuraramiwa.

Nhaka yedu inobudawo pane zvekudya zvedu. Zvekudya izvi hazvisi zvatave
kugadzira nhasi uno asi kuti takazviwana zviripo tichigamuchira senhaka yedu.
Tichazvisiirawo vanotevera. Tine kudya kunorweresarute kwakaita serupiza,
mutakura, nhopi, dakataka nemashakada zvinoti zvikatsvetwa padandemutande
rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo, vemuno nevekunze vanoita batai batai
kumhanyidzana kutsvaka pazvinowanikwa. Kudya uku kwatakatora kubvira
pasichigare, kunosiya gotsi rati papata nedapurakunanzva iri. Zvekudya
zvinosanganisira michero yemusango yakaita semazhanje, masawu, nyii, shumha
kana matamba, zvinokwanisawo kushambadzwa padandemutande rekufambiswa
kwamashoko neruzivo.

Nhaka yedu inobatawo zvinhu zvakaita setsika dzedu. Mitambo

yemagamuchidzanwa yakaita sembakumba, jerusarema, mhande kana jikinya
inopembedzwa padandemutande ichiita kuti tigoverane mitambo iyi nedzimwe
nyika dzakatipoteredza. Zvipfeko zvedu zvinoitawo kuti tizivikanwe sevanhu venyika
ino zvakaita sengundu, mbikiza nemagavhu, zvinoyanikwa padandemutande
rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo zvichita kuti vari muno nevekunze vagutsikane
nezvatiri uye kunzwisisa unhu hwedu.

Mitauro yedu muno munyika inhaka yemusiiranwa. ChiShona, IsiNdebele, Kalanga

kana Nambya mitauro inotakura ugo hwemadzinza edu netsika dzedu. Kutaurwa
kwayo nekuburitswa kwainoitwa padandemutande rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo
kunobva kwaita kuti tive nechiremerera munyika muno nekunze.

Nekune rumwe rutivi, dandemutande rekufambisa mashoko noruzivo raunzawo

unhunzvatunzva mumagariro evanhu maringe nenhaka yedu. Kuyanikwa kwoitwa
zviwanikwa zvedu padandemutande kwoita kuti tibirwe zvimwe zviwanikwa
zvenhaka yedu. Zvinonzi chakafukidza dzimba matenga. Hapachina chichafukidza
matenga apa sezvo zvose zvave kungosiiwa pachena nedandemutande.

Tsika dzinoumba unhu hwedu dzopota dzichimunywa nemushunje. Vazhinji vedu

tave kuvhanga maitiro edu neemamwe marudzi anobuda padendemutande
rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo. Tasara tave tsukukuviri dzisingazivikanwi gwara
radzakananga nekuda kwedandemutande. Kana iyo mitauro yedu chaiyo, nhaka
yave kusvetwa nedzimwe ndimi zvekuti mmutauro chaiwo wemandorokwati wave
kuputirwa nemhute yedandemutande.

Zvitendero zvedu zvangove muzanganiswa, warovanidzwa nezvimwe nekuda

kwekudyidzana kwazvo nezvimwewo padandemutande rekufambisa mashoko
neruzivo. Kana zviri zvipfeko zvedu, tochingosona miromo. Yangove njakenjake
nekuda kwekuona nekutevedzera zvinobuda padandemutande.
(Iyi nyaya yakatorwa kubva mubhuku Gona ChiShona 4)

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Mibvunzo

Pindura mibvunzo yose inotevera

1. Ipa nyaya iyi musoro unokodzera (1)
2. Ndeipi mienzaniso miviri yenhaka yemunyika ino yadomwa mundima? (2)
3. Nemhaka yei nhaka yedu ichinzi ndeyemusiiranwa? (20
4. Nyukura chirevo chinotaridza kuti dandemutande rekufambisa mashoko
noruzivo rakanganisa nhaka yedu munyika ino. (2)
5. Nyora zvinhu zvitatu zvinotaridza mafambisirwo anoitwa mashoko
nedandemutande kusimudzira nhaka yedu (3)
6. Tsvaka ndevo dziri munyaya iyi dzinowirirana netsananguro dzinotevera :
(a) Vadzimu vainge vafarira vana vavo (2)
(b) Vauye vakawanda chaizvo (2)
(c) Kuwirirana kwakanyanya (2)
(d) Kuparadza zviwanikwa zvedu munguva shoma (2)
(e) Kudya kunozipa zvikuru (2)
(f) Nyora pfupiso yenyaya iyi uchishandisa mazwi ako pachako
asingapfuuri makumi mashanu. (10)

Zvirungamutauro
1. Verenga kandima kanotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri pasi pendima iyi.
Kunze kwakanga kuchangoti ngu. Varume vazhinji vakanga vachakarovera
matama pasi .Tongoona akanga atomuka kare. Vakanzwa yangova mheterwa
nemheremhere. Yaingove,’Uraya! Uraya! Uyo!’Varume vakamuka vasisazive
kwokuenda. Vamwe vakanga votizira kwaiuya nevavengi. Vamwe vakasiya
zvombo vasisazive zvokuita. Hapana kwavakaenda. Vaingoti ati atize orinzi
zete pfumo nokumusana, achibva ati nyonde nemuromo. Vose vakapera
kuti ndo. Tongoona dai aida kutiza aidai akapunyuka zviri nyore, sezvo ndiye
chete akanga akasvinura pakamuka hondo. Asi somunhu aiziva kuti varume
varume, kutsva kwendebvu vanodzimurana, haana kutiza, akaramba akati
kwati nedenhe vasingamuoni. Kuzoti vamuti bamhama, mapfumo akanaya
kwaari semvura, asi iye akatoseka zvake nokuti pakunzvenga, mwana uyu aiva
nyenganyenga.
1 (a) Nyurura nyaudzosingwi shanu dzakashandiswa mundima iyi
ugotsanangura zvadzinoreva (2)
2 Tsumo yakashandiswa munyaya iyi yokuti, varume kutsva kwendebvu
vanodzimurana inorevei? (2)
3 (a) Nyora fananidzo iri mundima iyi. (2)
(b) Fananidzo iyi inorevei semashandisirwo azvakaitwa mundima ? (2)
4. Kurovera matama pasi zvinorevei? (2)
5. Zadzisa pakashama nenyaudzosingwi dzinokodzera munyaya inotevera.
Taendwa akati Peter__________nembama ndokubva Peter ati________
pasi. Peter akabva angoti_______akadaro. Taendwa akabva aziva kuti pake
pamuperera.Akabva atanga kumhanya akananga pane mumwe musha
waive pedyo.Akati ________muimwe imba asina mvumo ndokubva ahwanda
imomo. Ndipo mapurisa akati ________kusvika. (10)

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Maumbirwo omutauro: Madonzvo
2. Chiito chega chega chine mutsetse pasi chiri mudonzvo ripi?
• Takasvika pamusha pavo zuva radoka.
• Fakaza zvakanaka nokuti nyaya iyi ingakuomere.
• Vasekuru vapihwa zvekudya vakazviramba.
• Kupisa kwaita kunze nhasi kunotyisa.
• Ridza ngoma tinzwe, timbotamba.
• Usakanganwa kuti vazhinji vakabva panzvimbo vachapada.
• Ngatimboitirwai ngano nambuya. (10)

Musambo
1 Chii chinonzi chiera? (2)
2 Tsanangura mabasa matatu ezviera mukugarisana kweVaShona. (3)
3. Doma mhando nhatu dzezviera zveVaShona. (3)
4. Tsanangura zvinhu zviviri zvakaipira kusakoshesa zviera muupenyu
hwevatema.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

1. Nzwisiso
1. Nekuti ndezvekusiirana.
2. Masango, michero, ivhu, zvekudya, tsika dzedu.
3. Nekuda kwekuti takaiwana iripo uye tichaiiirawo vamwe.
4. Zvakanakira dandemutande kune zvinotevera:
• Nzizi dzedu: dzizivikanwe nezvinowanikwa madziri
• Nzvimbo dzinoera: Kuitira kukosha nzvimbo idzi
• Nzvimbo dinoyevedza: Kuitira vashanyi vanoda kuona nzvimbo idzi
• Mitambo: Kuitira kugoverana tsika nevamwe
5. Dandemutande rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo raunzawo nhunzvatunzva
mumagariro evanhu maringe nenhaka yedu.
6. Ndevo dzinowirirana netsanangudzo dzinotevera:
(a) Vadzimu vainge vafarira vana vavo: Vekumatenga vainge
vanyemwerera mapudzi avo
(b) Vauya vari gurusvusvu: vauya vakawanda chaizvo
(c) Kana hwakasungwa neutare: kuwirirana kwakanyanya
(d) Kuita madyirakupedza muchero wegudo: kuparadza zviwanikwa zvedu
munguva shoma
(e) Kudya kunozipa zvikuru: dapurahunanzva
7. Pfupiso
Pfungwa huru dzinotarisirwa kuburitswa.
d) Nhaka upfumi hwezviwanikwa zvemunyika netsika dzedu
e) Nhaka inoshambadzwa padandemutande rekufambisa mashoko
neruzivo

93
 f) Vashanyi vanofarira kuona nzvimbo zhinji
g) Tine nhaka yemhuka nemichero yemusango
h) Pane zvekudya zvedu zvinoshambadzwa padendemutande.
i) Tsika dzedu nomutauro wedu zvave padandemutande
j) Dandemutande raipira pakuparadzawo nhaka yedu
2. Zvirungamutauro
(x) (a) ngu kuyedza kunoita kunze
(b) zete kunyura/kudzika
(c) nyonde kudonha uchinorovera nemuromo
(d) ndo kuparara kwechinhu
(e) kwati kuenda pedo nechimwe chinhu.
(xi) Vanhu vanofanirwa kubatsirana munguva yemudambudziko
(xii) (a) Semvura
(j) Aiuya akawanda
(xiii) Zvinoreva kurara kana kuzorora

5. Nyaudzosingwi dzaitarisirwa dzine mutaro pasi.

Taendwa akati Peter __bhagu______nembama ndokubva Peter ati_do-
o_______ pasi. Peter akabva angoti__tonho_____akadaro. Taendwa akabva
aziva kuti pake pamuperera.Akabva atanga kumhanya akananga pane
mumwe musha waive pedyo.Akati __pindikiti______muimwe imba asina
mvumo ndokubva ahwanda imomo. Ndipo mapurisa akati __pfacha______
kusvika. (10)

3. Maumbirwo emadonzvo
(a) Takasvika rekuudza
Radoka rezvanga zvabva kuitika
(b) Fakaza rekutuma
Ingakuomere rezvinogona kuitika
(c) Vapiwa rekuudza
Vakazviramba renhevedzano
Kana redudziramuitirwi
Vakazviramba rekuudza
(d) Kwaita redudziramuiti
Kunotyisa rekuita
(e) Timbotamba rechishuwo
(f) Usakanganwe rekutuma
Vachapada rekuudza
(g) Ngatimboitirwai rekurudziro

Tinovimba wadzidza zvakawanda muchitsauko chino.Bvunzo iyi yavhura pfungwa

dzako kuti ugone kupindura mibvunzo mushure mekunge wanzwisisa zvaunenge
waverenge.Ramba uchingodzokorora zvitsauko zvawakadzidza kare.

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CHITSAUKO 19: JECHETERE
ZVIRI MUKATI
19.1 Nzwisiso - Jechetere
19.2 Kushandiswa kwomutauro - Pfekedzahunhu
19.3 Maumbirwo omutauro- Zvidudzirachiito
19.4 Rondedzero - Nhaurirano
19.5 Musambo-Mwaka yegore.

Nhanganyaya
Muchitsauko chino tichapfuurira mberi nekudzidzisana newe unyanzvi hwekunyora
nekuverenga. Zvakakosha kuti ugare waziva kuti pfupiso chidimbu chenzwisiso
sezvo pasina munhu angakwanisa kupfupisa zvaanenge asati anzwisisa. Kazhinji
unyanzvi hwekugona kupfupisa nyaya hunokosha muupenyu. Kuti ukwanise
kunyora pfupiso yakanaka pane matanho aunofanira kutevedzera achakurukurwa
muchitsauko chino. Tichazotevera nekudzidza zvirungamutauro kuburikidza
nezvirungamutauro. Tichakohomedza zvakare kuti zvirungamutauro zvakakosha
mumutauro wedu kunyanya pakunyora rondedzero yakanaka uye ine udzamu.
Tichadzidza pamusoro pepfekedzaunhu. Tichazokupa rondedzero yenhaurirano
yekunyora inova isinganetsi kunyora. Izvi ndinoreva kuti unofanirwa kutevedza
matanho anodiwa kuti ukwanise kuinyora. Kana izvi zvapera ndichakurukura newe
pamusoro pemusambo apo tichawanikwa tichibata mwaka yegore. Tinovimba
wakatarisira kudzidza zvizere mutauro wedu kuburikidza nezvakasiyana-siyana
zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvandadoma pamusoro apo.

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unofanirwa kunge wokwanisa:

• Kuburitsa pfungwa dzine udzamu nekupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso kubva
mundima yaunenge wapihwa
• Kududzira nekushandisa mutauro wepfekedzahunhu
• Kutsanangura chidudzirachiito nemhando dzechidudzirachiito.
• Kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora mhando yerondedzero yenhaurirano.
• Kutsanangura musambo wemwaka yegore.

Mazwi akakosha kuziva

• Chinya - ihasha dzine chiramwa.

• Goronyera - munhu asingatendeseki anopona nokukuruka vamwe.
• Chamatsenganzungu - chibhakera chakasimba chaizvo chinorohwa munhu
atadza.
• Mhemhaira - kufamba kwomunhu ari kushaya zvokuita.

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 Nguva:Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

• Kuverenga
• Kuongorora
• Kupenengura
• Kunyora
• Kuteerera

19.1 Nzwisiso: Jechetere

Nyatsoverenga nyaya iyi ugopindura mibvunzo inotevera neChiShona chakanaka.

Chinhu chinozivikanwa kwazvo kuti vanhukadzi havaipihwa mamiriro akaenzana

neevarume munyika zhinji dzepasi kubvira pasichigare. Vaigona kupiwa kuvarume
vavainge vasina kupfimbana navo, vaigona kuparikwa, vamwe vaizvariswa zvisina
zororo kudzamara vati ngondongondo, vamwe vaibatwa savaranda navarume
vavo zvichingodaro. Asiwo nhasi marudzi ose achangamuka haachadi kuona
vanhukadzi vachidzvanyirirwa nevarume. Jechetere kuenzaniswa kwemikana
pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi. Munhukadzi nemunhurume vava kungotorwa
sevanhu vakaenzana mune zvese. Mamwe mabasa aichimbonzi ndeevarume chete
ava kusweroitwa nevakadzi, pamwe vachitoakwanisa kupinda vamwe varume
vazhinji. Pamusoro pezvo, chinhu chisina anopokana kuti vanhukadzi ruzhinji uye
vane pfungwa yekuvaka kupinda varume. Vanhurume nevanhukadzi vanosiyana
chaizvo pane izvo vanotarisirwa kuita munharaunda dzavanogara. Nhasi uno
kwave nebumbiro renyika rine mitemo inorambidza kutsipikwa kwepfungwa
nekudzvinyirirwa kwevanhukadzi nevanhurume.

Hurumende nemasangano akazvimirira oga vari kuedza kupa enzaniso yemikana

pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi sekuva vashandi vemumigodhi, kurapa
sananachiremba muzvipatara kana kuve vakuru vakuru mumakereke akasiyana
siyana. Izvi hazvisi nyore kutambirwa nevanhu vese nekuda kwezvikonzero
zvakangowanda-wanda zvinoverengera mitemo yezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana,
tsika dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana pamwe nekusiyana nepakasvika vanhu mukuenda
kuchikoro.

Tinoda kuti unzvere zvinotevera kuti ukwanise kutsigira pfungwa dzako:

(a) Sei pasina kusiyana kuripo pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi mumabasa
avanoita munharaunda, sokuti; kuveza midziyo kwaive kwaanababa asi
kuumba, kubika nekusona kwoita kwaana amai?
(b) Sei vanhurume munharaunda vachinzi ndivo varidzi vemusha, vane midziyo
yakakosha uye nezvipfuyo zvakaita semombe asi vanhukadzi vachigona
kungoita midziyo yemumba nezvipfuyo zvidiki sehuku pamusha?

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(c) Roora rinobviswa nemunhurume handiro here rinokonzera kutarisirwa pasi
kwevanhukadzi?

VaBhasopo murume aizivikanwa

nenyaya dzokushanda zvakaomarara.
Pamusha pawo hapana chawaishaiwa.
Dzimba dzavo dzainge dzakavakwa
zvinonwisa mvura. Imba yavo huru yaive
nemakamuri mashanu kusanganisira
imba yokutandarira. Parutivi payo paive
neimwe imba diki ine makamuri maviri,
yaishandiswa senhanga nevasikana vavo
vatatu vaiti Yemurai, Svitsai naChiedza.
Kune rumwe rutivi kwaive neimwe
imba diki yaive nemakamuri maviri,
yaishandiswa segota nevakomana vavo
Cheukai naRuzvidzo.

VaBhasopo nemudzimai wavo VaMiedzo, vaironga zvinhu zvemusha wavo pamwe

chete. Vaiti kana voita basa mumunda, waiona yangove heki heki, mhuri yose
ichiita maonerapamwe, chuma chomuzukuru. Kudya pamusha apa yaive saruraude.
Zvipfuyo zvinosanganisira mombe, mbudzi, hwai nenguruve zvaive fararira. Kana
vari saVaMiedzo, mudzimai wavaBhasopo, vaive mudzimai muuya anotya Mwari uye
vaive mai veruwadzano kukereke kwavo.

VaBhasopo murume aifarira kuteererwa chaizvo mumhuri yavo, vari murume

ane chinya chiri pahuma sechegurwe. Kana iko kuHarare kwavaishanda, vamwe
vavo vaivaziva semunhu akanyararisa hake asi hasha pari pamuzinda wadzo.
Chinyangadzo chakave pamhuri iyi chete kutadza kuroorwa kwaiita vanasikana
vavo. Yemurai ainge apiwa nhumbu nerimwe goronyera ndokurambwa. Vabereki
vake vakamugamuchira pamusha ndokurera kazukuru. Svitsai akangopedza kunyora
bvunzo dzegwaro rechina, ndokutozvimbirwa nenyemba dzevabvuvi mibairo
yebvunzo dzake isati yambobuda.

Kundoiti nyaya yenhumbu tiringindi, wanei gomana racho igomo risina ukwiriko.
VaBhasopo vakamboita hasha dzokudzinga vanasikana vavo pamusha asi
vakangozozvidzora voti nyoka huru haizvirumi. Vanasikana vakangozoguma
vadzoka pamusha, vabereki ndokurera vazukuru. Pavakazviti fembu vari kuHarare
kuti Chiedza ainge apiwa nhumbu nemunin’ina wemurairidzi wepachikoro chaive
pedyo navo achibva atizwa, VaBhasopo vakasvika pamusha vachifemera pamusoro
sendere. VaMiedzo vakakwaziswa nechamatsenganzungu ndiye bvorokosho
sesvinga rehuni. Kana mukana wekupa nhoroondo vakaushaya vangobata shaya.

‘Uri mukadzi rudzii asingagoni kurayira vana? Uno musha rongove dandaro
repfambi dzoga dzoga here? Taura! Ndati ndiudze ndisati ndakuita kanyama
kanyama”. VaBhasopo vakapaumba nekudzvova sehandira. Misodzi ichichururuka

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VaMiedzo vakati kwanyanu, ndokuzopfugama vorova kamudedede vodeketera
vachiti:
“Aiwa Madyirapazhe
Mushukuro weGona
Vanodyira pazhe vakasunga nhunzi makumbo
Yaite misikanzwa vachitema nebheura
Chiregai kuita chinya
Mudzimu wakupa chironda wati nhunzi dzikudye
Muchagoramba kununa seizve Mombe
Imi makadai kusasikwa?”

VaBhosopo vakamhemhaira nechivanze chose, samusha voita kunge muroora

ari kutsvaka chipeneti chaarasa, izvo dziri hasha dzainge dzofashaira mumusoro
mavo. Vakasvikokanda madhora gumi pamberi paVaMiedzo ndokuvaudza kuti
vaende kumusha kwavo. VaMiedzo vakambotsika madziro vachiramba gupuro asi
VaBhasopo vakaomesa musoro sedhambakura ndokuudza VaMiedzo kuti vatute
midziyo yavo yemumba nembatya vabve pamusha apa.”

“Handina kusiya ndapisa musha ini. Ndinoenda zvangu asi uchavaona vakomana
veMhazi, veGonawapotera. Musi wavanosvika pano unotsvairirwa danga
rose ndikutaurire Bhasopo! Imi vasikana, takurai zvinhu tiende, tinondorarira
kudutavanhu.” VaMiedzo vainge vongoti chino vabata chino vatsveta.

VaBhasopo vakazhambatata voti,”Enda! Ibva pano! Handidi mukadzi anoregera

vana vaine tsika dzakananzvwa nembwa pano! Uno musha ndewangu. Hapana
kana chako pano. Hanzvadzi dzako idzodzo ngadziuye! Dzinondiwana ndakakwana!
Unozviita mai veruwadzano asi vanasikana ari mazumbuko ari mazambuko
amadzvinyu nemakwereveshe pano apa. Kana kukereke ikoko unoparidza shoko
rekuti chii iwe pamusha pako pari panzanga yepfambi dzoga dzoga? Enda, iwe
nevasikana vako! Angovirirwa ari pano chete, demo mumusoro.”

Rakazopinda muna amai varo zuva, VaMiedzo vatutiswa twavo kuti vatevere
kwakaenda dzeroora. VaBhasopo vaiti mutonga wavatema hauna anopikisa.
Vanasikana nehuzukuru vose vakatevera amai vavo, sare wangova musha wemajaya
matatu.

(Nyaya iyi yakatorwa kubva mubhuku Gona ChiShona)

19.1.1 Pfupiso
Wakamboteerera nhau dzemuwairesi kana dzepaterevhizhoni here, kana kuverenga
pepanhau? Hongu zvose izvo wakambozviita vapepeti venhau kana vanyori
vemapepanhau havapedzi nguva vachingotaura nyaya imwe chete nokuda
kwokuti vane unyanzvi hwekugona kupfupisa nyaya. Nokuda kweunyanzvi uhwu
vanoverenga kana kunyora nyaya dzakawanda munguva pfupi. Muchikamu 8
takakurukura newe pamusoro pemanyorerwo epfupiso. Zvino muchidzidzo chino

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tichange tichitarisa kudzidziswa uye kugona kunyora pfupiso. Zvinokoshawo kuti
ugare uchiziva kuti pfupiso ibandi renzwisiso sezvo pasina munhu angagona
kupfupisa zvaasati anzwisisa. Uchiri kurangarira here kuti kana tichiti pfupiso
tinenge tichimboreveiko? Ndafara chaizvo kuti uchiri kurangarira kuti takati pfupiso
kudukupisa nyaya inenge yakarebenuka uchiinyora napapfupi. Chakangokosha
apa kuti upe pfungwa huru dziri mundima yawapiwa uchishandisa mazwi mashoma
-mashoma anenge atorwa pasina dzokororo yotunhu tudiki twose -twose. Kuti uve
neunyanzvi hwekugona kunyora pfupiso unofanirwa kutevedza matanho anotevera:
• Kuverenga ndima, nyaya kana bhuku kamwe chete kuti uzive kuti chii chiri
kutaurwa nezvacho.
• Kuverenga kechipiri kana kechitatu kusvikira wanzwisisa nyaya yacho.
• Paunoverenga kechipiri kana kechitatu unofanirwa kunyora pasi dzaunofunga
kuti ndidzo Pfungwa dzinokosha.
• Unochifanirwa kunyora pfupiso uchishandisa pfungwa dzawakokorodza
uchirasa kumarara Pfungwa nemazwi zvisina basa.
• Pfupiso inonyorwa sendima imwe chete.
• Unofanirwa kunyora uchishandisa mutauro wezvakaitika.
• Unofanirwa kushandisa mashoko ako pachako kwete ari mundima, uye
unofanirwawo kuwedzera mazwi anoita kuti chinyorwa chinyatsoerera
pakuverenga.
• Haubvumidzwe kushandisa tsumo, madimikira nenyaudzosingwi mupfupiso
yako.
• Unofanirwa kuongorora pfupisosiri yako kuti uone kuti hauna kudarikidza
mazwi atarwa here. Kana ikanyanya kuva pfupi kazhinji pane zvakawanda
zvaunenge wasiirira. Kana ikarebesa kazhinji unenge watadza kutsvaga
pfungwa dzinokosha uye kana uri mubvunzo unobvisirwa zvibodzwa
pamukoho wako.
• Kana wapedza izvi unochizokwanisa kunyora pfupiso chaiyo.

Ndinokukurudzira kuti mupanane mazano nevamwe vako epfungwa huru

dzaungashandise uye kuti muverengerane pfupiso dzenyu. Ziva kuti unyanzvi
hwekupfupisa hwakakosha nokuti ndihwo hunoratidza kuti munhu anzwisisa
zvaanzwa kana averenga.

19.1.2 Zvokuita
Nyora pfupiso yendima yawaverenga namazwi ako asingapfuuri makumi mashanu
(10)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti wakwanisa kunyora pfupiso yako pasina dambudziko. Kana wanga
uchiwana dambudziko ndinokukurudzira kuti utevedzera mitemo yose inodiwa
pakunyora pfupiso.Zvisinei hedzinoi pfungwa dzeMhinduro dzinotarisirwa kubva
mupfupiso yawanyora.

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• Vanasikana waVaBhasopo vainzi Yemurai, Svitsai naChiedza.
• VaMiedzo mudzimai waVaBhasopo vaiva mai veruwadzano uye vairemekedza
murume wavo zvikuru.
• VaBhasopo vaiva nehasha dzakawandisa.
• Vanasikana vavo vaisaroorwa zvakanaka vaingopihwa nhumbu vorambwa.
• VaBhasopo vakagumbukira VaMiedzo pakapihwa Chiedza nhumbu.
• VaMiedzo vakapihwa gupuro.
• VaMiedzo vakadzokera kumusha kwavo nevana vavo.

Cherechedza kuti tangokupa pfungwahuru dzaidiwa pakunyora pfupiso nokudaro

dzinoda kuzobatanidzwa kuti dzive muchindima chimwe chete.

19.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro: Pfekedzaunhu

Muchikamu chapfuura takakurukura pamusoro pezvirungamutauro zvnoshandiswa
munyaya kana munhetembo. Wakaona kuti mutauro wedu unorungwa kuburikidza
nekushandisa zvirungamutauro. Izvi zvakafanana nezvatinoita kana tichibika usavi
hatingoisi mvura nesauti togumira ipapo. Tinorunga gapu redu nekuisa madomasi,
mafuta nehanyanisi tonyatsozvisanganisa zvirege kuti ichi kwacho. Tikange tadaro
zvinotibatsirawo kuti tigone kubika zvinonaka uye zvinodonhedza rute. Ndiri kuzama
kutaura kuti mutauro wedu wakapfuma nezvirungamutauro zvinova zvinotibatsira
kuti unakidze uye uve nechiremerera.

19.2.1 Chii chinonzi pfekedzaunhu?

Uyu mutauro unoshandiswa nenzira inoita kuti chinhu chisina upenyu chinogona
kupfekedzwa maitiro emunhu anosanganisira matauriro, magariro, masekero,
nezvimwewo. Chinhu chisina upenyu, chigona kupiwa raramo nemaitiro emhuka.
Kana zvadai inenge yava kunzi pfekedzaumhuka. Pfekedzaumhuka nepfekedzaunhu
zvinoshanda basa rakafanana rokupa chinhu chisingafemi upenyu nemaitiro
echinhu chinofema. Kana muchiziva unhu nemararamiro echinhu chacho anobva
ave nokunzwisisa kwepfungwa inenge ichiburitswa nepfekedzaunhu kana
pfekedzaumhuka inenge yashandiswa seizvi:

Akasvika akamedzwa nedhorobha.

Tinoda kuti unzwisise zviri kurehwa nechirevo chiri pamusoro apo. Chirevo chiri
pamusoro chiri kureva kuti kana chinhu chamedzwa hachisina tarisiro yokubuda.
Izvi zviri kungoreva kuti munhu kana amedzwa nedhorobha anenge aenda
zvekusadzoka kwaakakabva nokuda kwokuvaraidzwa nezvinhu zvaanenge asangana
nazvo.

Rudo rwusingacheuki.
Kucheuka kuita sei? Hongu kucheuka kutarisa shure kunenge kwabviwa. Nokudaro
kana rudo rwave kunzi harucheuke kureva kuti rudo urwu nderwechokwadi kana
rudo rwemazvirokwazvo. Urwu rudo rwusiri rwokunyengedzana, rudo rwakasimba
chaizvo pakati pevaviri.

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 19.2.2 Zvokuita
Tsanangura zvinoreva pfekedzaunhu dzinotevera.
1. Aive nenhamo yairidza muridzo.
2. Rufu rwakagogodza mumba mavo vakavarairwa.
3. Nzara yomusi uyu yakatibvunza mutupo.
4. Ngozi yakapfunya chisero mumba mavo.
5. Pfumo romukondombera rakadya mhuri yose

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

1. Kana munhu achiridza muridzo pane kurira kunobuda nemuromo munhu

achifuridza mweya. Kureva kuti kana nhamo yoridza muridzo anenge
yanyanya zvokuti inenge yotozivikanwa nevazhinji.
2. Kugogodza kurova gonhi kana chinhu kuti vari mukati vanzwe kana kuzarura.
Kana rufu rwava kugogodza mumba kureva kuti rwunenge rwavinga mhuri
harutizike uye harurambike kunze kwekutorugamuchira.
3. Kubvunza mutupo mucherechedzo weukama hwevanhu nokudaro kana nzara
yobvunza mutupo inenge yanyanyisa zvokusvika pakushaisa munhu mufaro
chaanenge ongoda kuti adye kuti nzara ipere.
4. Kupfunya chisero kugara wakaita zvokugonya makumbo wakadekara.
Nokudaro kana ngozi yopfunya chisero zvinoreva kuti mweya wemushakabvu
unenge wauya kuzogara mumusha wava kushungurudza mhuri kusvika
pakuvashaisa mufaro nezano.
5. Pfumo chinhu chinokuvadza uye nekuparadza. Nokudaro mukondombera
wakapedza mhuri yose nokuuraya.

19.3 Maumbirwo omutauro: Zvidudzirachiito

Muchikamu 4 takadzidza pamusoro pemazita. Tinoda kukurangaridza kuti takati
mazita izwi rinoshanda kudoma chinhu, munhu, nzvimbo, mhuka nzvimwe
zvakadaro. Nokudaro muchitsauko chino uchadzidza kuti kune mazwi anodudzira
mazita. Mazwi aya anonzii? Hongu uchiri kurangarira kuti takati zvidudziramazita
ndizvo zvinodudzira mazita. Mukudzidza kwatiri kuita mutauro takazopfuurirawo
zvakare muchikamu chino takanodzidza zviito. Tinodavira kuti uchiri kurangarira kuti
takati zviito mazwi anotsanangura maitikiro ezvinhu. Zvino kune mazwi anodudzira
zviito atinoti zvidudzirazviito. Tinoda kuramba ndichikuyeuchidza kuti mutauro wedu
une hochekoche yakanyanya zvikuru.

19.3.1 Chii chinonzi chidudzirachiito.

Chidudzirachiito mashoko anoita kuti zviito zvireve zvinhu nemazvo. Tinoda kukupa
muenzaniso chiito chakaita sendakadya hachitiudzi kuti ndakadya chii, riini, sei,
naani, kupi, pai, kana kuti nemhaka yei? Pane mashoko atinozowedzera mushure

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mechiito ichi anotibatsira kutiratidza zvinhu izvi. Ndiwo zvidudzidzirazviito. Kuti
unyatsonzwisisa zvandiri kutaura tinoda kuti utarise mienzaniso inotevera:
• Vana vaenda kwaMutare nebhazi.
• Nhasi tavhara chikoro.
• Huku dzakarumwa nenyuchi.
• Amai vaperekedzwa nababa.
• Anonyima saamai vake.
• Motokari yakabiwa husiku.

Mazwi ose ane mutaro pasi ari kupa pfungwa pamusoro pemaitikiro ezviito
zvakasiya siyana. Cherechedza uone kuti maitikiro acho anosiyana panhamba
yega yega. Chikonzero chacho ndechekuti pane mhando dzedudziro dzacho
dzinoshevedzwa kuti zvidudzirachiito. Tisati taenda pamhando dzezvidudzirachiito
zvakakosha kuti utange waziva maumbirwo azvo.

19.3.2 Maumbirwo
Zvidudzirazviito zvinoumbwa sezvizvi:
Chiwedzerwa chechidudzirachiito +dzitsi rechidudzirachiito.
Sokuti:
sa- + -amai
ne- + -nyuchi
kwa- + -Mutare

19.3.3 Mhando dzezvidudzirachiito.

Zvidudzirachiito zvine mhando dzakawanda. Dzimwe ndedzinoti:
(a)Chidudzirachiito chenzvimbo
Chidudzirachiito chemhando iyi chinobudisa nzvimbo yakaitikira chiito. Neimwe
nzira chinobuditsawo pakaitikira chiito chiri kutaurwa nezvacho. Kazhinji
chidudzirachiito zvemhando iyi chinoshandisa mazita emipanda 16, 17,17a
uye 18 ari kuita basa rokuratidza nzvimbo dziri kurehwa nezviito. Tinoonawo
kuti zvinotsanangura mazita emipanda iyoyi zvinoshanda sechidudzirazviito.
Somuenzaniso:
• Mombe inogara mudanga.
• Tava kuenda kwaMurehwa
• Vakafira mumunda
• Vanoshandira mudhorobha
• Gondo rinogara mudenga

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 Zvokuita

Ongorora zviri muchirongwa ichi

Chiito Chidudzirachiito chenzvimbo
kuenda kwaMurehwa
kushanda Mudhorobha
kufira Mumunda

Ndine chivimbo chokuti wazviona nekunzwisisa kuti pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro uri
kutaridza chiito uye chidudzirachiito chenzvimbo.

(b)Chidudzirachiito chemuiti.
Chidudzirachiito ichi chinoratidza muiti. Izvi zvichireva kuti chinoratidza kuti chiito
chakaitwa naani uye muitirwi wacho. Naizvozvo zvinoreva kuti chiito chacho
chinofanira kuve nerebeso yekuitwa.
Somuenaniso:
• Tanaka arohwa nomukuru wechikoro.
• Nezuro ndakatukwa naNetsai.
• Mazai akadyiwa nenyoka.
• Ndatumwa nababa.
• Tarumwa noumhutu.
• Muriwo wadyiwa nembwa

Mazita ose ane mitaro pasi anoratidza muiti wechinhu. Cherechedza kuti
tinoshandisa zvibatanidzi zvinoti: na-, ne- , no- kuratidza zvidudzirazviito zvorudzi
urwu.

(c)Chidudzirachiito chemaitiro
Chidudzirachiito ichi chinoratidza mutoo kana nzira yakashandiswa pakuita chinhu.
Somuenzaniso
• Akamhanya setsuro paaitandaniswa nembwa.
• Sekuru vakarwadziwa zvikuru nokurasika kwemombe yavo.
• Vanotaura vachikakamira.

Cherechedza uone kuti chidudzirachiito ichi chinoratidza nzira yakaitwa nayo chinhu
zvichiwedzerwawo na/sa-/, /se-/, kana /so-/. Tarisa mienzaniso iri pasi:
• Murume uyo anokara.
• Murume uyo anokara zvikuru.
• Murume uyo anokara sebere.
• Murume uyo anokara sokunge akapedza vhiki asina kudya.

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Waona here kuti muzvirevo zvose izvi kukara kwomurume uyu ari kurehwa
kwadudzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana.

(d) Chidudzirachiito chefanano

Chinobudisa fanano inenge iripo pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvinenge zvichitaurwa
pamusoro pezvazvo. Zvinokoshawo kuti uzive kuti zvinhu izvi zvinofanira kuva zviviri
kana kudarika. Panofanirwa kuve nemativi maviri ari kutariswa sokuti:
• Anokara sebere
Pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro tinoda kuti ucherechedze kuti tikangoti /sebere/ chete
hapana zvatinenge taita kana kuti hazvirevi chinhu. Semaonero ako tikati /kukara
sebere/ waona chii apa? Wagona wazvicherechedza kuti paita zvinhu zviviri apa
zvinoti kukara + sebere = kukara sebere. Parizvino kuti unzwisise zvandiri kutaura
tinoda kuti utarise mienzaniso inotevera:
• Anotaura sababa vake
• Sekuru vanotaura semwana mudiki.
• Mbizi yakakura sebhiza.
• Rinotyisa seshumba.
Cherechedza kuti chidudzirachiito chemhando iyi chakaumbwa nemavara anoti: sa-
, se-, so-.

(e) Chidudzirachiito chechombo chakashandiswa

Chidudzirachiito ichi chinoumbwawo zvakafanana nechewadzano uye zvanyakuita
asi zvinoratidza chinhu chakashandiswa pakuita chinhu. Chinoburitsawo mhando
yechinhu chakashandiswa. Somuenzaniso:
(a) Imbwa yakarohwa nomupini.
(b) Imbwa yakarohwa nemupurisa.
(c) Imbwa yakarohwa nemupurisa nedombo.

Tinoda kuti unyatsoongorora mienzaniso iri pamusoro. Wazvionawo here kuti

chidudzirachiito chomuna (a) ndechanyakuita chemuna (b) ndechechinhu
chakashandiswa asi muna (c) tinoona zvidudzirachiito zviviri izvi zvakashandiswa
pamwe chete.
Cherechedza mimwe mienzaniso inotevera:
• Akarohwa neshamhu.
• Vakatema muti nedemo.
• Tsuro yakarohwa nomuvhimi.
• Tsuro yakarohwa nomuvhimi netsvimbo.

(f) Chidudzirachiito chewadzano

Semaonero ako chinonzi kuwadzana chii? Wagona chaizvo sekuziva kwatinoita
kuwadzana kupindirana kana kuti kufambidzana. Izvi zvichireva kuti chidudzirachiito
chewadzano chinobudisa Pfungwa yekuwadzana kana kuva pamwe chete
kwechinhu kana vanhu vaviri zvichienda mberi. Chidudzirachiito chewadzano

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chinoratidza chidudzirachiito chanyakuita nanyakuitirwa. Unofanirwa kuziva kuti
mutsauko uri mune zvazvinoreva. Hazvirevi kuti chi hu chaitwa naani asi kuti muiti
anowadzana nani kana kuti chii. Izvi zvichireva kuti chinobatanidzirawo chero chinhu
chinoitwa nevaiti vari pamwe chete kunyangwe chisiri chinoratidza kupindirana
kwavo. Izvi uchazviona mumienzaniso inotevera:
• Vaenda kuchitoro nomukoma wavo.
• Ndamuona achiba nevamwe vake.
• Tambudzai auya naTadiwa.
• Baba vakasangana nematsotsi.
• Vasikana vaenda naambuya.
• Vana vakaburuka nomudzidzisi.

(g) Chidudzirachiito chenguva.

Chinoratidza nguva yakaitika chinhu. Chidudzirachiito ichi chinoita basa rekupindura
mimwe mibvunzo yakaita seinotevera:

Mubvunzo Chidudzirachiito chenguva

Vana vakasvika nguvai? Vakasvika usiku
Mukaenda kuHarare munodzoka riini? Ndichadzoka pachirimo
Baba vakapedzisira kuuya riini? Vakapedzisira kuuya mwedzi wadarika
Ambuya makaberekwa riini? Ndakaberekwa mugore remhashu.

Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kuona kuti nekuda kwechidudzirachiito chashandiswa

wakwanisa kuziva kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakaitika kana kuti zvichaitika riini uye
panguva dzipi.

19.3.5 Pfupiso yezvidudzirazviito

Ndava kukuratidza zvidudzirazviito zvose zvatadzidza muchidzidzo chino
nemuchidimbu. Zvino unofanirwa kugara uchiziva kuti zvidudzirazviito ndizvo
zvatinoshandisa mazuva ose uye hapana chakaoma pazviri. Nokudaro
zvidudzirachiito zviri kuratidzwa muchirongwa ichi.

Mhando yechidudzirachiito Mienzaniso

(a) Chidudzirachiito chenzvimbo Vanogara kwaMutare
(b) Chidudzirachiito chemuiti Mazai akadyiwa nenyoka
(c) Chidudzirachiito chemaitiro Murume uyo anokara zvikuru
(d) Chidudzirachiito chefanano Anotaura sababa vake
(e) Chechombo chakashandiswa Vakatema muti nedemo
(f) Chidudzirachiito chewadzano Vana vakaburuka nomudzidzisi wavo
(g) Chidudzirachiito chenguva Vakasvika usiku

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 Zvokuita

Ratidza mazita ezvidudzirazviito zvine mutaro pasi pawo kubva muzvirevo

zvinotevera.
(a) Rume rokuruta rakarohwa netsvimbo navatezvara varo.
(b) Mumwaka wezhizha tichadya chibage.
(c) Mukomana uyu anogona kurwa semvumba.
(d) John anotaura sezvinonzi akadzipwa pahuro.
(e) Musikana uya anoshamwaridzana nenzenza.
(f) Vakarara vachinwa hwahwa nezuro.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kuita basa iri ukabudirira. Kana uchiri kusangana
nedambudziko rekutadza kupindura mibvunzo kana kunzwisisa chidzidzo ichi
ndinokukurudzira kuti unodzokorore manotsi ako kana kunobvunza mudzidzisi wako
anokwanisa kukubatsira. Hedzinoi Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa:
(a) Chidudzirachiito chechombo chashandiswa.
(b) Chidudzirachiito chenguva.
(c) Chidudzirachiito chefanano.
(d) Chidudzirachiito chemaitiro.
(e) Chidudzirachiito chewadzano.

19.4 Rondedzero yenhaurirano

Mufananidzo wevana vari kuita hurukuro

Takambotsanangura manyorerwo erondedzero yemhando iyi muchikamu 2.

Zvino muchitsauko chino tiri kupfuurira mberi nekudzidza kunyora rondedzero
yenhaurirano. Tinoda kukuyeuchidza kuti usati wakunyora rondedzero yemhando iyi

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zvakakoshawo kuti iwe semunyori uzive chimiro cherondedzero iyi. Murondedzero
iyi munenge muine vanhu vaviri vari kutaurirana zvino unofanirwa kunyora uchitora
mativi maviri.Kana uchinge wadai zvakakoshawo kuti uzive mhando yomutauro
unoshandiswa pavanhu vari kukurukurirana. Imwe nguva vangava baba vari kutaura
nemwana wavo, nokudaro apa panenge poda mutauro une ruremekedzo mukati,
kwete kuti utaure kunge wasangana neshamwari yako. Unofanirwawo kutarisa kuti
rondedzero yako yakanangana nechii. Rangarira kuisa nyora pamazwi akataurwa
nemutambi. Usanetsekane hako nokuti unyanzvi hwekunyora hurukuro hahungofumi
hwavepo asi kuti hunoedzeserwa nguva nenguva kusvikira zvapinda muropa.

Zvokuita

Nyora hurukuro pakati pevakomana vaviri vari mufomu yechina, umwe ari kuti
wanano yekare iri nane, mumwe achiti wanano yenhasi irinane.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Ngaive hurukuro pakati pevanhu vaviri.

(i) Anoti wanano yekare iri nani anogona kuti:
• vanhu vaiwanana vematongo vanozivana tsika nemagariro
• Nyaya yekuwanana yaibatirwa pamwe chete neveukama savanatete,
vanasekuru, madzisahwira nevamwe
• Vaiwanana vadzidzana hunhu uye vaiwanana vabve zera
• Vaitevedzera gwaro kwaro rokuroorana
• Vanasikana vazhinji vaiwanikwa vari mhandara
• Vaiwanana vaizopinda mumba vave neruzivo rwemabatirwo eimba
• Roora rekare raisanyanyodhura
• Nezvimwewo

(ii) Anoti wanano yanhasi iri nane anogona kuti

• Vanhu vave kuwanana maererano nokudanana kwavanenge vaita
• Wanano yanhasi haikoshesi vamwe vanhu nokuti magariro atave
kuita asiyana neakare
• Zvokutsvaga vanatete, vanasekuru zvinopedza nguva nemari
• Vanowanana mazuva ano vave kunyanyoita zvokutizisana kana
kugara vose pasati pabviswa roora
• Mazuva ano kwave nemitemo iriko inoratidza /inosimbisa wanano iyi
zvinobatsirawo avo vasina chouviri chokubvisa kwavatezvara

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 • Vanhu vanoita mhuri vasati vakomba vachiri vadiki vokurumidza
kukura nokumisa mhuri /musha
• Vanokwanisa kuwanana vari kunze kwenyika pasina dambudziko
rekutevedza tsika dzechinyakare
• Nezvimwewo

19.5 Misambo
19.5.1 Mwaka yegore
Wakambozviona here kuti kuita kwemusiki kwakakosha zvikuru. Izvi
zvinonyanyooneka nezvinoitika gore rega-rega uye zvisingashanduki. Muchidzidzo
chanhasi tichadzidza pamusoro pemwaka yegore. Mugore rega rega tinoona
pachiitika shanduko mumamiriro ekunze zvichienderana nekuti tave mumwedzi
upi. Tinodavira kuti unoziva mwaka yegore yatiinayo. Zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti
kune shanduko ina dzinoitika mumwedzi yegore. Shanduko idzodzi dziri ina ndidzo
dzinotipa mwaka ina yegore. Mwaka ina iyi inoti Zhizha kana kuti Maenza kouyawo
Matsutso ayo anoteverwa neChando kozouya Chirimo. Mumwaka iyoyi iri mina
mune zvakasiyana zvinoitika zvinoita kuti upenyu hwevanhu nemhuka hufambe
mutserendende. Kubudikidza nekuziva zvose zvinoitika mumwaka iyi, vanhu vanoita
gadziriro dzinoenderana nemwaka wega wega kuti zvigofambirana.

Mwaka wezhizha kana kuti Maenza

unobatwa kana kuti unoputira mwedzi
mitatu inoti Mbudzi, Zvita naNdira.
Mumwaka uyu mvura yemunhuruka
inonaya. Kazhinji mvura inonaya kutanga
kwaMbudzi. Ndiyo mvura yokutanga
iyo varimi vanoshandisa pakukavira
nekudyara mbesa. Nekufamba
kwenguva tichipinda muna Zvita,
mvura zhinji yekukudza mbesa inobva
yambotsitsana kunaya. Sora rinoita
nhangemutange nechibage nedzimwe
mbesa pakukura nokudaro vanhu
vanoita bishi kusakura nekudzurira
masora.

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 Munguva iyi shiri dzinobva mhiri
kwemakungwa, dziya dzinonzi
mashuramurove nemafudzamombe
dzinouya dzichiswera dzichidya mhashu
nezvitototo kumakura kunofudzirwa
mombe. Twukara tunonanaira
tunozvarana nekuwanda. Mumwaka
iwoyo ndimo munopembererwa
Kisimusi neGoredzva, vana vechikoro
vari pazororo. Ndiyo nguva inoteyewa
matuwu munzizi vanhu vachibata
hove. Muna Ndira munozvarwa
twupuka twutema twunonzi twundira
utwo twunonanaira nekunamatira
pamatombo. Mbesa dzinenge dzisati
dzaibva nokudaro nzara inenge
ichibvunza vanhu mitupo.

Mwaka wepiri ndiMatsutso. Matsutso

anotora mwedzi mitatu inoti Kukadzi,
Kurume naKubvumbi. Munguva
iyi mbesa zhinji dzinenge dzasvika
kana kuti dzakora. Maguta anenge
avako uye ndiyo nguva iya inotanga
kukohwewa zvirimwa muminda. Tsapi
nendyanga zvinotanga kuvakwa
kuitira pekuzochengetera goho.
Ndipo panogadzirwa tsero, tswanda
nemasandanga zvekuzoshandisa
kutakurira zvirimwa zvinenge zvobviswa
muminda. Munguva iyi chisi chinorega
kuera. Zvekudya zvinova saraude apo
mbeva dzinenge dzocherwa, misungo
nemadhimbura zvekubata mhuka
zvichiteiwa.

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Kana tabva Mumatsutso tinopinda mumwaka weChando. Mumwaka uyu ndimo
munowanikwa mwedzi inoti Chivabvu, Chikumi naChikunguru. Munguva iyi mvura
yemadziurachando inonaya. Mabasa ekukohwa anoenderera mberi nekuti kucheka
zviyo, mupunga, mhunga nemapfunde kunenge kusati kwapera. Tsapi dzinenge
dzichipedziswa kugadzirwa uye ndiyo nguva inomorwa uchi nyuchi dzisati dzanwa
huchi hwadzo. Shiri dzinenge dzichiuya kumakoto nokudaro ndiyo yekuteya urimbo.
Vanhu vanotema huni dzekudziya kana chando chofuridza. Zvirimwa zvinoiswa
mumatura, mombe dzosairirwa.

Mwaka wekugumisira ndeweChirimo apo vana muvengabadza voswaradza

nekuti mabasa emuminda anenge ava mashoma. Mombe dzinenge dzosairirwa
nokudaro vajana vemombe vanenge voswerosika nyimo mumakura nekutamba
bhora rezvikweshe. Ndipo mvura yeGukurahundi inonaya. Ndiyo nguva inorohwa
makuva. Zvikomana nezvisikana zvinoswerotiburana kumatuhwino zvichidhigidha.
Ngoma dzemafaro nedzekupira midzimu dzinodandaurwa. Mumwaka uyu ndimo
munonaya mvura yebumharutsva. Nemhaka yokuti mabasa anenge ava mashoma,
ndipo panowana vanhu mikana yekushanyirana. Basa rinenge rasara ndere kusosera
mapindu kudzivirira mbudzi nemombe dzinenge dzisisafudzwe.
Verenga detembo rinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo yose inotevera.

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Chitarisa uone pasi royevedza,
Ndakanyatsoti zvangu ndee neangu meso.
Chikange chiroto kuona ndichiona mabasa ezhizha,
Nzizi dzodzvova nedzimbo dzakashatirwa
Varimi vonwa mvura sevadya nyemba.
Mumakuramo vazvikombamisa sehota,
Nokuti vabayikana kumakura vaneta.
Tarira uone zvinoita nyope vana murwarazhizha,
Vanongoposhwa nevamwe sehangaiwa
Hurudza dzobata denga, zhizha rauya chokwadi!

Ona zvoita zvirimwa mumunda,

Zvokudya isarura ude mumunda.
Vana mudzimba voswerogocha chibage,
Ndiyo nguva yamasutso, nguva yamaguta nemafaro,
Idzo shiri mumuti izovovo, huro dzichikaida
Dzimbo dzehwezvo kuzvikomba zvadzinoda.

Hecho chirimo chosvika choganhura mufaro uyu,

Miti yodonhedza zvayo mashizha
Nokuti yava kuda kutanga humwe hupenyu.
Huswa hwooma kusara pasisina kana mafuro.
Iwo madzimai voswera vachiita mabasa apamba,
Varume navakomana voswera vachiteya mariva nekoko.
Chembere dzosekerera dzichidziya moto,
Toongoona nembare tobva taziva kuti ndiwo mabasa echirimo.
Madzimai anoshingaira,
Kukohwera zviyo mumatura,
Madzibabawo anoshingaira,
Kupakira zviyo mumatura,
Mwoyo yachiti fakanya,
Nomukonde nhambo yamadekwana.

Zhizha inguva inodakadza,

N’ombe dzangova zvibwemutedza,
Nemiti yangova kutevedza,
Yangova mvengemvenge!
Zhizha rakaunza mufaro,
Vana chirimo vakaunza kusuwa.
(Detembo iri rakanyorwa naMazvita Nyadutu asi harina kutsikiswa.)

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 19.5.2 Zvokuita
1. Ungati zhizha inguva ipi yegore?
2. Nyurura zvinotevera kubva mudetembo iri:
(a) Fananidzo mbiri
(b) Dimikira rimwe chete
(c) Nyadzosingwi mbiri
3. Ndekupi kudya kwanzi kunodyiwa nevanhu mumasutso?
4. Tsanangura ndevo idzi sekushandiswa kwadzakaitwa mundima?
i. Murwarazhizha
ii. Fakanya
iii. Zvibwematadza
iv. Kubata denga
5. Sekuona kwako ndezvipi zvinoita kuti nguva yemasutso inge ichifadza?
6. Sekuona kwako sei nyanduri ati chirimo chakaunza kusuwa?

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti wakwanisa kupindura mibvunzo iri pamusoro pasina dambudziko.

Zvakakoshawo kuti uverenge ndima kana kuti detembo kaviri kana kudarika
zvinokubatsira kuti ukwanise kunzwisisa uye ugone kupindura mibvunzo yaunenge
wapihwa.Ndine chokwadi chokuti wakwanis kuwana mhinduro dzinotevera dzinova
dzaitarisirwa.
1. Nguva inonaya mvura uye vanhu vachidya mbesa dzemumunda.
2. Vanenge vachikohwa nekuisa zviyo mudura.
3. Manwiwa.
4. Dzinenge dzakasimba chaizvo.
5. Kunenge kuine zvokudya zvakawanda.

Pfupiso yechitsauko

Muchitsauko chino ndatanga nekukupa ndima yokuverenga yaida kupfupiswa.

Takujekesera kuti kurangarira kuti takati pfupiso kudukupisa nyaya inenge
yakarebenuka uchiinyora napapfupi. Chakangokosha apa kuti upe pfungwa
huru dziri mundima yawapiwa uchishandisa mazwi mashoma -mashoma.
Takohomedzawo kuti pfupiso inofanirwa kunyorwa mundima imwe uye unofanirwa
kushandisa mashoko ako pachako pakupfupisa. Taona kuti pfekedzaunhu mutauro
unoshandiswa nenzira inoita kuti chinhu chisina upenyu chinogona kupfekedzwa
maitiro emunhu anosanganisira matauriro, magariro, masekero, nezvimwewo.
Chinhu chisina upenyu, chigona kupiwa raramo nemaitiro emhuka.

Muchitsauko chino tadzidza kuti kune mazwi anodudzirazviito.Zvino kune mazwi

anodudzira zviito atinoti zvidudzirazviito. Tinoda kuramba ndichikuyeuchidza kuti

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Chidudzirachiito mashoko anoita kuti zviito zvireve zvinhu nemazvo. Rangarirawo
kuti zvidudzirachiito zvine mhando dzakawanda dzatatsanangura zvizere pamusoro.
Pakunyora rondedzero yenhaurirano Murondedzero iyi munenge muine vanhu vaviri
vari kutaurirana zvino unofanirwa kunyora uchitora mativi maviri. Kana uchinge
wadai zvakakoshawo kuti uzive mhando yomutauro unoshandiswa pavanhu vari
kukurukurirana. Musambo wemwaka yegore unotibatsirawo kuti tizive zvinoitika
munyika nguva nenguva.

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CHITSAUKO 20 NZIYO
Zviri Mukati
20.1 Nzwisiso- Nziyo
20.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro - Tsumo
20.3 Maumbirwo omutauro -Zvibatanidzi
20.4 Rondedzero - Utano
20.5 Musambo - Nhetembo dzokurumbidza

Nhanganyaya
Kuna vamwe vanhu vane hanganwa dzinenge dzegunguo rinoti rikasiya raviga
nzungu dzaraba nzungu dziya dzinosaruka dziripo dzozongomerawo musango
munhuruka unotevera. Iwe hausi mumwe wavanhu ava here? Uchayeuka here
kuti muchitsauko 18 takadzidza nezvei? Imboedza. Ko, zvakanzi madonzvo chii?
Ukaona kuti kune zvawava kukanganwa, verengazve manotsi ako kana zvanetsa
chimbogarawo pasi nevamwe vako achikutsanangurira. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti
ukwanise kugadzirira bvunzo iri kutevera muchitsauko chino. Tinovimba wakava
nenguva yakakwana yekudzidza muzvitsauko zvakapfuura. Tinofunga wakawedzera
ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pezvawagara uchiziva pamusoro pekudzidza
ChiShona. Kuburikidza nekuva neunyanzvi hwekuverenga, kuteerera, kutaura
nekunyora wavawo nehumwe unyanzvi hwekufunga zvine udzamu zvichaita kuti uve
simbi yakarodzwa mumutauro wedu. Tinotenda kuti wava kuramba uchida kudzidza
rurimi rwaamai urwu. Izvi zvinokwanisika chete kana ukava nechidokwa dokwa
chokuverenga zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveChiShona zvakaita semabhuku
enyaya, mapepanhau kana kuteerera wairesi.

Zvino muchitsauko chino uchapfuurira mberi nokudzidzazve zvakawanda pamusoro

penziyo dzakatsikiswa. Tapedza tichatarisa zvirungamutauro takanangana netsumo.
Tichadzokorora zvakare kuti chinangwa chikuru ndechekuti urambe uchiyeuka
kukosha kwazvo pamwe nekuzokwanisa kuzvishandisa murondedzero dzako
nemuzvinyorwa zvaunozonyora wega. Zvibatanidzi zvichazazanurwa muchitsauko
chino zvakare takanangana nekuumba mutauro wedu. Tichayeuchidzana zvakare
manyorerwo etsamba ine makero maviri. Izvi zvichaita kuti ukwanise kutaridza
unyanzvi hwauinahwo hwekugona kunyora rondedzero yemhando iyi. Pekupedzisira
muchitsauko chino tichakujekesera mhando yenhetembo dzekurumbidza. Tinoda
kukuyeuchidza kuti zvakakosha kupota uchidzokera muzvitsauko zvakapfuura kuti
uzobatanidza pfungwa pane paunenge wakasarira uye kuti ufambirane nechitsauko
chino.

Chenjedzo

Tinoda kukuyambira kuti bvunzo haifaniri kutyisa munhu anga achiita basa rake
zvakanaka pakati penguva nokuti basa rayo harisi rokuvhiringidza vabvunzwi

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nokuvaratidza kuti ifuza dzokwakurema, asi rokuzungura nzungu dziri murusero
rwedzidzo kuti kukwanise kuonekwa mutsauko wemateko, mhutwa, mabandi
nenzungu dzizere. Iwe chaunopindira mubvunzo kundoratidza zvauri nekupindura
tumibvunzo twakati kuti zvakanaka, kwete kunotsanangura kuti mubhuku rakati
mune zvifema churu nezviuru zvinomwe zvezvimiso. Nokudaro pinda mubvunzo
nepfungwa isakaneta uye hana yakagadzikana. Ko, uchagodai kuvhunduka bvunzo
nhasi, wakabvira nhasi here kudzinyora?

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera pakunzvera

Kuti ubudirire muchitsauko chino unoda kuva neunyanzvi hunotevera

1 kugona kuverenga
2. Kugona kunyora
3. Kufunga zvine udzamu

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unotarisirwa kunge wav a kukwanisa;

• Kudoma nziyo dzaunoziva nemazwi adzo
• Kutsanangura mabasa enziyo
• Kupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso nemazvo.
• Kushandisa zvirungamutauro muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana
• Kutsanangura mhando dzemibvunzo
• Kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora basa rerondedzero.
• Kutsanangura mhando yenhetembo dzekurumbidza

Mazwi anokosha kuziva

Maricho - kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana kuti ukwanise kuriritira mhuri.

Magobo - kuita mabasa anorwadza.

Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino.

20.1 Nzwisiso: Nziyo

Panewo nguva yaunomboimba kungava kukereke kana uri woga. Unogona kuimba
nziyo yawakambonzwawo kana kufarira. Tinodavira kuti uri mumwe wevamwe vaya
vanofarira zvokuimba. Nokudaro kana uchiimba wakambozvibvunzawo here kuti
uri kuimbirei uye kuti chii chinonzi nziyo? Tinodavira kuti unoziva kuti nziyo inzira
yokutaura nayo mashoko. Unozviziva here kuti nziyo hadzingoimbwi. Tinodaro
nokuti nziyo dzose dzine mhando uye zvinangwa zvekudziimba. Apa tiri kureva
kuti hakuna angangovamba rwiyo rwusingaenderani nezviri kuitika panguva iyoyo.
Nokudaro kune mhando dzenziyo nemabasa adzo.

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Tisati tapfuurira mberi tinoda kuti umbofunga rwiyo kana nziyo imwe chete
inokufadza muhupenyu hwako. Mibvunzo inotevera ichakubatsira kutaura uye
kuburitsa rwiyo rwacho.
(i) Nziyo dzinobva pai
(ii) Buritsa mhando dzenziyo
(iii) Tsanangura basa renziyo muupenyu hwavanhu
(iv) Kuburitsa zvakanakira nezvakaipira nziyo
(v) Zvii zvingaitwe kuwedzera nziyo munyika

Verenga mazwi anotevera aya anova mazwi orumbo Amai rwakaimbwa naJosh
Meck ugopindura mibvunzo inotevera neChiShona chakanaka.

Kuyarutsa, handinyore
Handinyore.
Kurera munhu kusvika akurawo
Amai ndinotenda chose ini.
Ndinotenda chose,
Kundiona ndakura kudai ndimi.
Maricho maienda woye,
Oh maienda woye
Chido chekuti ndidzidze sevamwe
Saka nhasi, ndinotenda
Ndinovonga mabasa enyu
Ndichitenda nemutupo uyo
Maita, Zvawonekwa Madhuve

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Amai, pandaikura
Maienda kana kumaricho.
Zvinhu zvacho zvakaoma,
Maishanda kana kumagobo
Amai pandaikura.

Maindiratidza rudo rwakawanda

Apo pandaisuwa.
Ndowana mufaro mamuri,
Amai
Amai makakosha
Amai (Moyo)
Amai makakosha.
Zvinhu zvainge zvakaoma woye,
Zvakaoma woye
Hapana pandakarara nenzara.
Ndaona hupenyu handinyore,
Ohh handinyore
Asi maiwana chekubata chete
Nyangwe zvadini.
Apo pandaikutadzirai maiyo,
Maive nemoyo wekuregererawo
Ohh moyo wokubereka.
Saka nhasi ndinotenda
Ndinovonga mabasa enyu,
Ndichitenda nemutupo uyo,
Zvaonekwa Madhuve

Amai pandaikura
Maienda kana kumaricho
Zvinhu zvacho zvakaoma
Maishanda kana kumagobo
Amai pandaikura

Maindiratidza rudo rwakawanda

Apo pandaisuwa,
Ndowana mufaro mamuri
Amai
Amai makakosha
Amai (Maiyo)

Amai makakosha
Amai pandaikura
Maienda kana kumaricho
Zvinhu zvacho zvakaoma
Maishanda kana kumagobo

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Amai pandaikura
Maindiratidza rudo rwakawanda
Apo pandaisuwa,
Ndowana mufaro mamuri.

20.1.1 Zvokuita
Verenga mazwi erumbo ruri pamusoro kaviri kana katatu kuti unyatsonzwisisa. Kana
wanzwisisa, chiedza kupindura mibvunzo inotevera.
(a) Rwiyo urwu rwakaimbwa naani? (1)
(b) Ipa mabasa maviri aiitwa naamai ava kuti vakwanise kuriritira mwana wavo ( 2)
(c) Semaonero ako ndechipi chinangwa chemuimbi panziyo iyi (2)
(d) Doma vavariro yaiva naamai ava. (1)
(e) Nyurura mashoko ari mundima anoreva zvimwe chete neanotevera:
(i) Moyo murefu (2)
(ii) Kushangazhika (2)
(iii) Kurwadziwa kuona mwana achitambura (2)
(iv) Kudongorera musiwo wechikoro (2)
(h) Tsanangura mazwi anotevera sekushandiswa kwaakaitwa mundima.
(i) Kumagobo. (2)
(ii) Kumaricho. (2)
(I) Nyora pfupiso yenyaya yawaverenga nemazwi asingadariki makumi mashanu.
(10)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti waedza chose kupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso iri pamusoro. Kana
wasangana nedambudziko unokurudzirwa kudzokera kundima woiverenga zvekare
kusvika wanyatsonzwisisa. Zvino tinoda kuti uchienzanisa nemhinduro dziri pazasi
idzi.
(a) Josh Meck
(b) Kuenda kumaricho
Kushanda kumagobo
(c) Chekutenda amai vake nekumurera/kumuchengeta kusvika akura
(d) (i) moyo wokuregerera
(ii) Mwoyo wokubereka
(iii) Kuita mabasa akawanda akaita sekuenda kumaricho nekumagobo
(iv) Kudzidza savamwe
(v) kuita mabasa anorwadza
(vi) Kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana kuti ukwanise kuriritira mhuri
(vii) Chido chokuti mwana adzidzewo sevamwe
(e) (i) Kumagobo - kutema muti nokubvisa mudzi wavo
(ii) Kumaricho - ibasa rokushandira vamwe raunotarirwa, kuti
ugobhadharwa mari kana wapedza.
(f) Pfupiso yenyaya

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Hedzinoi pfungwa dzaitarisirwa papfupiso yenyaya iyi.
• Kutenda amai nokumucengeta kusvikira akura
• Kuenda kunoshandira vamwe kuitira kuti variritire mhuri
• Vaiva nechido chokuti mwana wavo adzidzewo sevamwe
• Amai vaisada kuona mwana wavo akasuwa kana kutambura
• Vaiva nemoyo wokuregerera uye une rudo.

20.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro: Tsumo dzinoreva zvakafanana

Muzvitsauko zvakapfuura takatsanangura kuti tsumo chii, pamwe chete nekupa
mienzaniso yokushandiswa kwadzo kwakanaka. Zvino tinoda kukupa chinhu
chikuru kwazvo pamusoro petsumo, tsumo dzinoreva zvakafanana. Nokudaro
somwana unotarisirwa kuva noruzivo rwemaumbirwo etsumo dziri mumutauro
wedu uye mashandisirwo adzo. Zvakanakawo kuti semudzidzi ugare uchiziva kuti
zvirungamutauro zvakakosha muupenyu hwemunyika uye nemuchikoro. Nokudaro
haufanirwi kuti kana wazvidzidza zvoperera muimba yekudzidzira, asi ngazvishande
muupenyu kwete kutsanya ruzivo. Tinoda kukupa mumwe muenzaniso watinodavira
kuti uchakubatsira kuti uzive kukosha kwezvirungamutauro. Mukukanga kwatinoita
usavi tinoisa munyu, mafuta, madomasi, hanyanisi, netwumwewo kuti zvatinodya
zviwe nemutsa. Naizvozvo zvirungamutauro zvinoita kuti mutauro wedu utapire kana
usina kukwana semutezo usina nyama.

Waona here kuti tsumo dzine basa rei mukurarama? Dzaishandisirwa ani?
Unofanirwa kugara uchiziva kuti tsumo dzinopambira upenyu hwose kubvira pane
hwomudiki kusvikira kune hwomukuru, kubva kune hwomurombo kusvikira kune
hwomupfumi. Hapana asingarayirwi kana kupangidzwa chinhu chaangangodaro
asina kuona. Zvakadaro ibasa guru rako somudzidzi udzidzire unyanzvi hwekugona
kushandisa tsumo kana kuziva dzinorewa dzakafanana nadzo. Chinokosha patsumo
dzinoreva zvakafanana kuziva zvinoreva tsumo imwe neimwe kuti ugokwanisa
kubuda netsumo idzi.

Mienzaniso yetsumo dzinoreva zvakafanana dzinowanikwa mumutauro weChiShona;

1. Chako ndechako kuseva unosiya muto.
• Chako ndechako pfuma yenhaka inoparadzanisa ukama.
2. Chisi chako masimba mashoma.
• Mombe yekuronzera kama wakaringa nzira.
3. Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda.
• Rume rimwe harikombi churu.
• Gunwe rimwe haritswanyi inda.
4. N’anga haizvirapi.
• Mhoswa haizvitongi.

119
 20.2.2 Zvokuita: Nyora tsumo dzinoreva zvakafanana
nedzakapiwa pazasi.
1. Musikana chihambakwe asvika anokanda chibwe.
2. Ura mapako hunozvara mbavha nevaroyi.
3. Kurera imbwa nemukaka mangwana inofuma yokuruma.
4. Mbudzi kudya mufenje hufananyina.
5. Zvikoni zvikoni mimba haibvi negosoro.
6. Kwava kusakara kwedoo serisakambodyiwa nyama.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti wakakwanisa kuzvipa nguva yakakwana yokunyora basa iri.

Nokudaro haufanirwi kunetsekana nekuwana Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa sezvo
waishandisa ruzivo rwaunoziva rwuri pamusoro apo. Asi zvisinei kana wawana
dambudziko tinoramba tichikukurudzira kuti unoona mudzidzisi wako akubatsire.
1. Musikana idziva asvika anokanda duo.
Mukadzi idziva, asvika anokanda duoo.
2. Kuzvara hakuna hombarume.
Nhumbu ibakwa rehuni rinochengeta nyoka nemakonzo
3. Kurera nhiriri mumurara mangwana inofuma yoruma huku.
4. Mhembwe rudzi inozvara mwana ane kazhumu.
5. Nhamo inhamo zvayo amai haroodzwi.
6. Chinokura chinokotama musoro wegudo chave chinodzora.

Cherechedzo

Sokutsanangurwa kwazvaitwa, tsumo dzine basa guru mukutaura nekunyora

kungave kuchikoro kana muupenyu. Zvakosha kuti uzive kuti tsumo haina kungoti
tasa sedimikira. Nokudaro unofairwa kudzidzira unyanzvi hwakasiyana -siyana
hwakanangana netsumo. Mutauro usina tsumo wakangofanana nemuriwo usina
kukaringwa nemazvo.

20.3 Maumbirwo omutauro: Chibatanidzi

Chibatanidzi izwi rinobatanidza pfungwa muzvirevo. Pfungwa idzi dzinenge dziri
mumazwi kana ndevo dzakashandiswa. Somuenzaniso:
• Baba uye amai.
• Ini zvangu kana iwe woga
• Ndakagona zvikuru asi hapana chandakaihwa.
• Vakaenda kuchikoro nokuti vaida kunodzidza
• Akataura zvekare kuti basa ainge asisade

120
Cherechedza kuti zvibatanidzi zvakaita sa /kana/ zviri kubatanidza pfungwa mbiri
dzinoti /ini zvangu/ neinoti /iwe woga/nokuti ari kubatanidzawo pfungwa mbiri
dzinoti /kuenda kuchikoro neinoti kuda kunodzidza

20.3.1 Zvokuita
Nyurura zvibatanidzi zvashandiswa mune chimwe nechimwe chezvirevo zvinotevera
izvi:
(i) Hamudi kuti tikuonei here?
(ii) Hembe yako tsvuku iya wakaitengepi?
(iii) Ndianiko iyeye wauri kuita zevezeve naye.
(iv) Dhindindi riri mukati umo rinonakidza zvokuti ukapindamo haubudi.
(v) Nyoka ine uturu saka vamwe vanhu vazhinji vachizofa nenguva ipfupi.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

kuti
Iya
-kozvo
Kuti
saka

20.4 Rondedzero: Utano

Mufananidzo wemichero ine hutano

Miviri yedu isu vanhu yakangofanana

nemotokari kana kuti mabhasikoro
mukuti inoda kugaropihwa zvainoda kuti
igare yakagwinya nguva dzose, uye kuti
tikure. Zvinhu zvinodikanwa nomuviri
izvi ndezvinoti: zvokudya, kudziirwira,
kufamba nekushambidzwa. Unoshuva
kuti dai iwe nemhuri yako maiva noutano
huri nani here? Zvechokwadi unodaro.
Nepo vakawanda vedu tichingotambura nourwere huduku nguva nenguva,
kumamiriyoni evanhu, urwere ishamwari youpenyu hwose, inorwadza. Nokudaro
munyika dzakasimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira mune matambudziko evanhu
vanorwara nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana. Unozviziva here kuti utano hwakanaka
hazvirevi kusangorwara kana kuti kusava nehosha. Chinonzi utano kuva nomuviri
wakagwinya, uye kugadzikana kwepfungwa nemagariro.

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 20.4.1 Zvokuita
Nyora tsamba kuGurukota rezveUtano noKurerwa Kwakanaka Kwevana uchiburitsa
matambudziko anosangana nevanhu vanorwara nechirwere chepfungwa uye
uchipawo mazano ako ezvingaitwe kubatsira varwere ava

Kuti ugone kunyora tsamba yakanaka zvakakosha kutanga nekuronga pfungwa

dzako. Hedzinoi dzimwe pfungwa nemanyorero angakubatsira kuti ugone kunyora
rondedzero yako yakanaka.

Zvinotarisirwa pakunyora tsamba

Ngaive tsamba yebasa ine kero mbiri. Pakero yepiri unofanirwa kutanga
nokuti,
Gurukota rezveUtano noKurerwa Kwakanaka Kwevana

Mavambo
Changamire
Wadiwa changamire
Vanodiwa changamire
Mhedziso
Ndini wenyu anovimbika
Wenyu anovimbika
Unofanirwa kunyora mazita ako ose akazara.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kuburitsa unyanzvi hwako hwose kuburikidza nekugona

kunyora tsamba iyi. Zvino tinoda kukubatsira nedzimwe pfungwa dzaitarisirwa
pakunyora rondedzero yemhando iyi.

Matambudziko anosangana nevarwere vepfungwa

Kurambwa nehama, shamwari kana vanhu vose
Kushaya pokugara pakanaka
Kushaya zvokudya
Kushaya zvokupfeka
Kushaya mishonga yakakwana
Kushungurudzwa nokubhinywa
Nezvimwewo

Zvingaitwe kubatsira varwere ava.

Kupa dzidziso kuvabereki, hama kana shamwari
Kuva nezvirongwa kana mapoka aanochengeta varwere ava.
Nezvimwewo.

122
20.5 Misambo: Nhetembo dzokurumbidza
Nhetembo sokudziziva kwatinoita dzakabva mukudetemba kwaiitwa navakuru
vedu kare. Kudetemba uku kwaiva kuita seiko? Kudetemba kwaiva (uye kuchiri)
kuunganidza pfungwa dzakadzama kwava kudziburitsa namashoko asi anoreva
zvakawanda. Kwaidetembwa kana vakuru vachienda mumarimuka, vachikumbira
kuti vavhenekerwe mune mhuka, kana kwaitika nyatwa, pamabira, pakutendwa
kwavanhu vainge vaita zvakanaka uye paifambwa nzendo. Nhetembo muupenyu
hwaVaShona dzakakosha nokuti dzinodzidzisa tsika, kurayira magariro, dzinotaura
nezvezvitendero ukama nezvimwewo. Unofanirwa kugara uchiziva kuti hadzisi
nhetembo dzose dzakanaka. Varikowo vamwe vanhu vanoti vakaona chinhu
chakaita seguri voti:
“Mhoro guri, mudiwa,
Wakadiiko zvako?
Ini ndinofara zvangu.
Chokwadi guri unoshamisa………………….”

Kana vadai votofunga kuti vatonyora nhetembo. Chavanenge vasingazivi

ndechokuti kudetemba hakusiri kungonyora mashoko asina musoro ari mumitsetse
inovamba namabhii makuru chete kwete, asi kuti unyanzvi hunotoda vane zvipo
zvokuhurakidza. Iwe kana uchida kunyora nhetembo dzakanaka, yeuka kuti
nhetembo dzina marudzi akawanda uye munhu haungoti kana uine chawadya
ukagutswa nacho wotodetemba nezvacho. Unofanirwa kugara uchiziva kuti kune
marudzi akawanda enhetembo.

20.5.1 Nhetembo dzokurumbidza

Parizvino tinoda kutarisa mhando yenhetembo dzokurumbidza. Nhetembo
dzokurumbidza dzakagara dziriko kubva kare. VaShona vaiburitsa zvavaifunga
kuburikidza nenhetembo idzi. Iyi yaiva nzira yokutenda anenge aita zvakanaka
nanhasi zvichiri kungoitwa. Nhetembo dzokurumbidza dzinopawo chiremerera
kuvanhu uye nokupawo chenjedzo. Vamwe vanoti dzaiwanzoitirwa madzishe asi
hachisi chokwadi dzinogona kungoitirwa kune munhu wose kana iwe unogona
kurumbidzwawo kana uchinge waita zvakanaka. Munhu anokwanisa kurumbidzwa
kuburikidza neunyanzvi hwake kana hunhu hwakanaka.

Murimi anokwanisawo kurumbidzwa nenharaunda yake kuburikidza nenhetembo

idzi, izvi zvinobatsira kuti awedzere kushanda nesimba. Varwi vehondo
vanorumbidzwawo pavanobva kuhondo. Madzimai, vasikana vanokwanisawo
kurumbidzwa kuburikidza nemabasa akanaka avanoita kana kuyemurwa nerunako
rwavo. Mubereki anokwanisawo kurumbidza mwana wake kana aching aita
zvakanaka zvakaita sekubudirira muzvidzidzo nezvimwewo. Waizviziva here kuti
munhu anonyora nhetembo anonzi ani? Unofanirwa kuziva kuti munhu anonyora
nhetembo anonzi nyanduri. Nokudaro nyanduri anotanga agara pasi ofunga
pamusoro pezvaanoda kunyora pamusoro pazvo. Ndoda kukupa muenzaniso
wechidimbu chedetembo rokurumbidza rakanyorwa naM.A Hamutyinei rinonzi

123
“Ndiye Wandaireva.”
Vimbai mwana akanaka Mwanasikana
Chichekererwa seshereni
Chitoramoyo pakaperera shungu dzaMwari
Ndiye akatora mwoyo kwete wangu ndoga

Kubva mudetembo iri waona here kuti nyanduri ari kurumbidza Vimbai uyo akatora
mwoyo wake.

Nokudaro nhetembo dzokurumbidza idzi dzinogona kungoitwa chero pose pose

naani zvake. Nhetembo idzi dzinoitwawo murudo apo vanodanana vanosangana
kutsime. Heunoi mumwe muenzaniso wedetembo rorudo.

Non’onai nzeve dzenyu dzichene,

Munzwe zvomusikana watinoda zvomene:
Hakano karingazuva kangu,
Kanondiudza nguva dzoupenyu hwangu.

Nyakusika ndipo pamakaramwira hwose umhizha;

Meno kunge chimvuramabwe, nhai vasikana;
Iwo mutsipa, wehachi unosara pasi;
Meso anobvuwa-bvuwa kunge mugoti.

124
Doswederai pedo tione Gumbo, inga zvikobvu!
Ko, makaumbwa nenyama here kana mutobvu?
Ko, hana yenyu ikagotamba mbakumba wani!
Chavhundutsa ndiro rangu ganda kanhi,
Rakatsemukira kunge ragwavav, nevanji woruware?

Iro vhudzi rakagoererera kunge tsangadzi!

Ndakasvinura here kana kuti chiroto badzi?
Ndikazvitsunya ndikaona chiri chiroto ndinotsamwa;
Pfa-a, Shu! Maiwe, inga ndakasvinura!

Wakafera mwoyo wangu kusara rangova deze;

Paunofira ndipo pandichafira iniwo chete;
Vabereki vangu vachava vakowo,
Navabereki vako vachava vanguwo.

Nemidzimu tichagovana pamwe.

Ngavatibvumire kuvigwa muhwiro humwe;
Kana ndafa ndiri pfunda,
Chinzvimbo chegonzo ndiwe uchatora.

Usaramba wakanditarisa, Fadzai,

Nameso ako anobwaira semuto wehochi;
Chokwadi mwoyo wangu wanyungudika;
Chipfuva chinenge chinjumba chamatanda,
Asi chakapfava sedutu ramangundya.
Asi rudo rwedu rwukapindwa nechipfuto,
Muchaona kuti denga rinotiwira, Gumbo.
Ngatisaita ushamwari nechembere,
Dzakazoguma dzagumhana nemidonzvo.

Iwe uri muchero wandisakamboona,

Ndichamedza zvose mhodzi namatanda,
Kana ndadzipwa mazvokuda.
“Ndewembeu here?” vanosindibvunza,
Vanotaura vasati vambodzeya kanhi?
Pana Fadzai tsumo yavo haishandi………..

(S. Run’anga, Nduri dzorudo)

125
Tinodavira kuti wakwanisa kudodomesa uchiverenga detembo iri. Pane zvawaona
here mudetembo iri? Hongu waona unyanzvi hwekugona kushandisa zvirungamu-
tauro pakunyora detembo iri. Nhetembo dzokurumbidza dzaiwanzodetemberwa
vavhimi vanenge vabva kusango kundovhima. Dzaiitirwa kuvakurudzira kuti varambe
vachiita zvakanaka. Vakadzi vaidetembera varume vavo vachivatenda apo vanenge
vauya neusavi kubva kusango. Vaidetemba vachishandisa mutupo nedzinza remu-
rume wavo. Vaigona kudetemba vachiti:

Titambire nyoka, titambire mheta yangu yiyi

Zvaitwa mheta
Zvaitwa nyoka
Vari kuna Mozi kuna Panga
Vanopona nehuruva
Vanofamba nedumbu
Mwana waKandamiviri
Wakakanda miseve miviri
Dzviti rikatiza
Zvaitwa nyakutemera kuodza
Zvaitwa shato yangu yiyi
Vane unyiri nyiri hwakapedza mbudzi.
Nhetembo iyi yaiitwa kutenda muvhimi uyo anenge auya nenyama yemusango

126
 20.5.2 Zvokuita
Enda unoita tsvakurudzo yedzimwe nhetembo dzokurumbidza ugonyora
yakowo yaunozouya nayo uchidetembera mudzidzisi wako nevamwe vako.

Pfupiso yechitsauko

Kubva mune zvabuda muchitsauko chino zviri pachena kuti iwe semudzidzi
unotofanira kuve neunyanzvi hwakaita sokuteerera, kunyora, kuverenga kuti
ukwanise kubudirira mukudzidza kwako. Zvabudazve kuti unofanirwa kuve munhu
akangwarira iwe pachako uchikwanisawo kugona kunyora rondedzero yakanaka.
Kana ukanzi unyore rondedzero yetsamba unofanirwa kuziva zvinodiwa pakuinyora
zvichienderana nekuri kuenda tsamba yacho. Yeuka kuti zvakakosha zvakare
kuti ukwanise kugona kuverenga ndima yenzwisiso uye nekupindura mibvunzo
zvakanaka pasina dambudziko. Tatarisawo zvakare kuti basa retsvakurudzo
raunenge wapihwa rinokupawo nguva yokunodzeya zvaunenge wadzidza uye
rinokubatsirawo kuti ukwanise kutaridzawo unyanzvi hwauinahwo hwekugona
kunyora zvinyorwa zvako wega.

Bvunzo

Chikamu 1: Rondedzero
Unokurudzirwa kuti upedze awa rimwe chete pachikamu chino
1 Sarudza musoro mumwe chete kubva pane inotevera.Zvino chinyora muChiShona
chakanaka, rondedzero yemhando yawasarudza nemazwi ari pakati pe450 ne500
kana kusvika mapeji mana.
(b) Kuviga mufi pachivanhu.
(c) Barika harichina nzvimbo muupenyu hwamazuva ano.Iwe unoti chii nazvo?
(d) Nyora nyaya inodudzira tsumo inoti, “Ura mapako hunozvara mbavha
nemuroyi.”
(e) Nyora nyaya inopedziswa nemazwi anoti, “Kubvira zuva iri handina kuzoda
kuvimba neshamwari zvakare.”
(f) Nyora hurukuro pakati pevana vaviri; mumwe anoti mifananidzo yatinoona
pamafirimu ndiyo yasakisa kuti tsika dzedu dzechivanhu dziparare, mumwe
achipikisa.
(g) Izuva revabereki. Nyora mashoko aagataurwe nemukuru wechikoro
pagungano iri achipa vabereki nhoroondo yemafambiro akaita basa mugore
richangopera iri.
(h) Nyora tsamba kuMumiriri weDunhu renyu muparamende yokuvazivisa
rubatsiro rungapiwa avo vanorarama nekurima vachidiridza kuti mabasa avo
anyatsobudirira.

127
CHIKAMU II: NZWISISO NEPFUPISO
Nyatsoverenga nyaya inotevera ugopindura mibvunzo yose inotevera
neChiShona chakanaka.

Vakati vagara makore ane chitsama, mudzimai waMatamba akaenda kuKwekwe

kundoshanyira shamwari yake yakanga iriko. Akasiya audza murume wake zuva
rokundodzoka. Kuzoti zuva iri rasvika, murume akaenda kuchiteshe kundochingura
mukadzi wake akanga achiuya nechitima cheusiku. Akasvika ndokugara zvake
panyasi pemuti navamwe varume vaviri vakanga vachikurukurirana zvavo.

“Unoziva munin’ina hapana akaipa pano pasi somukadzi. Munhukadzi ane huipi
hwose. Unondiona zvandakaita kudai, kuve rombe rokupedzisira, hazvisirizvo
zvandakanga ndakaita. Ndaive munhu aityisa, munhu aibata mari, munhu aive
nomusha, asi pamusana pomunhukadzi ndava Swerakuenda mukuwasha wezuva.
Munhukadzi akandisikira moto muziso. Ndakaramba mukadzi wangu akanga ari
munhu chaiye zvose nevana pamusana pomusikana wandakanga ndaona, akanga
akanaka zvaipunza musoro, asi chii chandakawana? Ndakawana mubairo wemakore
ndiri mujeri mandaishandiswa semombe. Kana uri munhu munin’ina, roora mukadzi
wako mumwe chete wogara naye uchimubata semunhu. Zvemesomeso, ibva
wati pasi tsve. Kunyangwe ukaona musikana anenge murungu kana une mukadzi
wako, rega zvako kumbokanda ziso rako kwaari nokuti unozoti “Dai ndakaziva
haitungamiri.” Kunzi murume kuva nemukadzi nevana. Zvandiri kukutaurira izvi
ndizvo zvinonzi navakuru, “Kukurukura hunge wapotswa,” kana kuti “Rega zvipore
akabva mukutsva.”

“Zvamataura ndazvinzwa nokuti nherera inotapa mazano padare. Handimbofi

ndakaita zvounyumwanyumwa nokuti rungano urwu rwandipa chidzidzo chikuru
kwazvo. Ndinoyeuka mumwe mukomana ainzi Matamba wataidzidza naye
paMishoni. Uyu mukomana akatandwa pachikoro pamusana pavasikana. Iye
zvino kwava nemakore, handimbozivi kuti akaenda kupi. Vamwe vanoti akaenda
Bhuruwayo, vamwe vanoti ari Harare. Ambuya vake vakafa vachida kumuona,
vakasiya mombe dziri kumusha uku, dzavakati ndedzake. Vabereki vake vakashaya
kuti voitei nadzo nokuti vari kutya kuti vakadziparadza vandamukirwe ngozi. Kune
makumi maviri ane mombe shanu.”
“Waona kuti zvandange ndichitaura ndezvechokwadi. Mwana uyu wauri kutaura
akatorwa chete nevamarokwe. Pakupedzesera ndinokuudza kuti mukadzi uyu
ndikamuwana anofa.”
“Chitima chauya. Gara zviya muri kuenda kupi?”
“Ndiri kuenda kuHarare.Zvakanaka.”
Chitima cheBhuruwayo chakasvika, murume ndokukwira oenda zvake kuHarare
uyuwo Matambanadzo ndokutambira vadzimai vake ndokuenda zvavo kumba,
pfungwa dzakanga dzava pamombe dzakanga dzasiyiwa naambuya vake. Zvose
zvakanga zvarehwa nomukuru waakanga asangana naye pachiteshi hazvina
kumbopinda mumusoro make. Ava mangwana abva kubasa, akapira nyaya iyi kuna
vadzimai vake. “Vadzimai ini ndiri kuda kuenda kumusha mwedzi uno ukangopera
chete.”

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“Unonoiteiko?”
“Ndakanzwa kuti ambuya vangu vakafa zvandakanga ndiri pachiteshi nezuro
ndakakumirirai.”
“Zvino zvekufa kwambuya vako ndizvo zvaungasimukire here izvozvo? Unofunga
ukaenda kumusha unonovamutsa here? Vakafa, vakafa, hapana chaunoita.”
“Zviri zvokufa kwavo hazvisiri izvo zvandingasimukire nokuti, vakafa,
handingavamutsi. Chandiri kuda kumusha uku, imombe dzandakanzwa kuti
vakandisiyira. Kune makumi maviri emombe ane mombe shanu. Zvino ndiri kuda
kundodzitengesa ndigouya nemari kuno tozonyatsofara zvedu.”
“Uri kunyepa, uri kuda kutiza. Zvawati uri kuda kuenda unonodzoka rini?”
“Unofunga ndinonogara kuvanhu vasingagezi, kwenguva huru, ndinenge ndichiitei?
Ndikangotengesa mombe dzangu chete ndouya. Ukandishaya kupera kwesvondo
mbiri, mune yechitatu ndinoti ndisvike chete. Kana ndisina kuuya mune yechitatu
ibva waziva kuti vakandiuraya nokuti kumusha kune varoyi vanodya moto”
Kubva muna:( Garandichauya. naPatrick Chakaipa.)

Mibvunzo
(a) Ipa ndima iyi musoro unokodzera. (1)
(b) Mutauri werungano akatadzirwei nemunhukadzi? (1)
(c) Nherera yanzi inotapa mazano padare. Ndeapi mazano maviri aigona
kutapwa padare iri nenherera? (2)
(d) Tsanangura zvinoreva mazwi aya sekushandiswa kwaakaitwa mundima:
(i) kundochingura (2)
(ii) akandisikira moto muziso (2)
(iii) munhu chaiye (2)
(iv) zvounyumwanyumwa (2)
(v) vanodya moto (2)
(e) Ndechipi chidzidzo chikuru chakapiwa nemurume aitaura rungano rwake
pachiteshi apa? (2)
(f) Unofunga kuti vavariro yomukadzi waMatamba yaiva yei paakati, “Vakafa,
vakafa hapana chaunoita.” (2)
(g) Chii chiri mundima chinoratidza kuti Matamba nemukadzi wake vavive vasina
kuroorana zviri pamutemo? (2)
(h) Nemazwi ako asingadariki makumi mashanu nyora pfupiso yenyaya iyi.
[30]

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CHISHONA PAPER 2
Chikamu 1: Zvirungamutauro
Pindura mibvunzo miviri muchikamu chino.

1. Sarudza tsumo shanu chete kubva pane dzinotevera ugonyora tsumo inopikisana
netsumo imwe neimwe pane dzawapiwa.
(a) Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda.
(b) Mwana asingachemi anofira mumbereko.
(c) Chinono chinengwe bere rakadya richifamba.
(d) Murombo haarovi chine nguo.
(e) Kashiri kasingapambari hakanuni.
(f) Mbudzi kudya mufenje hufana nyina.
(g) Kurera imbwa nomukaka mangwana inofuma yokuruma.

2. Sarudza tsananguro shanu chete pane dzinotevera. Zvino chipa madimikira

anoreva zvimwe chetezvo netsanangudzo dzawasarudza.
Seizvi: Tsanangudzo: Kupomerana mhosva ine nyodzi huru.
Dimikira: Kunakurirana nyoka mhenyu.
(a) Kuzvipinza mumatambudziko nezvinhu zvisina nebatsiro yose kwauri.
(b) Kusada kunzwa zvinotaurwa nevamwe.
(c) Kunyanya kufarisa zvichizoita kutiupinde mumatambudziko.
(d) Kungoita chinhu nemhaka yokuti vamwe vanochiitawo.
(e) Kuva munhu anodada zvikuru.
(f) Kunyengedza munhu.

3. Nyora chiito choga choga chakatarwa mutsetse pasi pacho. Zvino chinyora
nyaudzosingwi inowirirana nechiito chimwe nechimwe semashandisirwo achakaitwa
mundima. Usaumbe nyaudzosingwi kubva pazviito zvapihwa zvacho.
Tito akaburuka mubhazi ndokubva atevedza nzira yaienda kumba yaive nemuchato
waWadyazheve. Zvaakasvika akawana imba huru yakazara vanhu iwo mumhanzi
uchidandaura. Mwenga navabatidzi vake vakange vakapfeka hembe chena ivo
varume vakapfeka sutu nhema. Vaivheesana zvainwisa mvura. Mumhanzi wakamiswa
vanhu ndokuuchira zvine maungira akazadza imba yose.

4 Pandevo dzinotevera sarudza shanu chete ugotsanangura kuti dzinorevei.

Muenzaniso: Manyawi emano kunyauka/kunanauka nezuva.
Mhinduro: Kuita zvisina basa pamusana pekufarisa.
(a) Kuita hwatikwati rutsoka neivhu.
(b) Kungwarai kwemweni kuti ndiurayirei jongwe riri kurira.
(c) Kubvisa mapundu muura.
(d) Vakuru havasekwe mavende vanonzi mutanho wakaondomoka.
(e) Kufudza mbudzi nechirimo.
(f) Kuperekedza mweni wawanyima sadza.
(g) Kuita kwebenzi kukwesha musoro nebwe

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CHIKAMU II: Misambo yomutauro
(a) Chii chinonzi roora? (2)
(b) Zvii zvakanakira chiroora muupenyu hweVaShona? (3)
2. (a) Chii chinonzi chisahwira (2)
(b) Chisahwira/ Chishamwari chakakosherei muupenyu hwaVaShona? (3)

CHIKAMU 3: Maumbirwo omutauro

Pindura mibvunzo mitatu chete kubva muchikamu chinotevera.
(e) Nyora zvivakashure nemadzitsi emazita anotevera.

nhengo mwenje njiva pasi

chikosoro rwendo vasungwa
mushauri gumbo meso [10]

7. Nyatsoverenga ndima iri pazasi ugopindura mibvunzo inotevera.

Gona ana gona wakewo.Iyi itsumo yakagara iriko kubva kare . Vakuru wedu
wakaishandisa kutsanangura kuti shasha inogona kuwana imwe shasha inoikurira.
Ndiwo magariro saka vanhu vazhinji ngatigare tichiziva izvi muhana dzedu mazuva
ose.
Kubva muchindima ichi ipa zvinotevera;
a) Zvirevamwene zviviri [2]
b) Zvindori zviviri [2]
c) Zviratidzi zviviri [2]
d) Zvipauro zviviri [2]
e) Chidudziramuiti chimwe chete [1]
f) Zita rimwe chete remupanda 9 [1]
g) Chiito chimwe chete chiri mudonzvo rekukurudzira [1]
h) Chibatanidzi chimwe chete [1]
[10]

8. Nyatsoverenga zvirevo izvi ugopindura mibvunzo inotevera;

a) Mwana akarohwa naamai vake.
b) Sekuru vangu vanoridza mbira.
c) Vakomana vaungana kumba.
d) Uya tirongonore matanda aya.
e) Nyama iyi yaramba kuchekeka.
f) Banga iri rakanyanya kukombama.

Chirevo choga choga chiri pamusoro chine chivanduriro kana kuti rebeso. Zvino
pachirevo chimwe nechimwe nyora zvinotevera;
i) Chiito chacho chine chivanduriro kana kuti rebeso.
ii) Mudzi wechiito.
iii) Chivanduriro chacho kana kuti rebeso yacho.

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iv) Zita rechivanduriro.

Muenzaniso:
Akasekerera mwana wake.
i) Sekerera
ii) -sek-
iii) -erer-
i) mherevedzo [10]

9. Chiito chega chega chine mutsetse pasi chiri mudonzvo ripi?

a) Haachafambi nenzira iyi zvakare.
b) Teerera unzwe kumba kwevana.
c) Ndingafare ukauya.
d) Fambisa unomutora.
e) Akasimuka akataura nyaye yake.
f) Baba vakasvika mai vachibika huku.
g) Munashe ari kunyora bvunzo achifara.
h) Ane pfumo rakapinza.
i) Hatibatanei tivake kereke. [10]

10. Chiito chega chega chine mutsetse pasi pacho chine chiratidzanguva chipi?
Nyora chiratidzanguva chacho uye ugodoma zita racho.
a) Hama dzangu dzinogara kwaSeke.
b) Takasvika zuva ratodoka.
c) Nguva zhinji ingataifamba tose!
d) Vakaba vacharangwa zvikuru nomutemo.
e) Aenda kumusha kwake.
f) Ndouya neshamhu here? [10]

Mhinduro dzebvunzo
Tinovimba kuti wakakwanisa kunyora bvunzo zvakanaka. Hedzinoi Mhinduro
dzinotarisirwa.

A: Rondedzero
Pakunyora rondedzero waitarisirwa zvinotevera:
(f)Kunyora uchishandisa mutauro wakaita setsumo, madimikira, nyaudzosingwi,
fananidzo nomutauro wose wakapfuma. Kusahandisa mutauro uyu zvakanaka ndiko
kunodiwa kwete kungokanda mutauro uyu murondedzero.
(f) Rondedzero inofanira kuva nenyaya inoyerera zvakanaka nokuverengeka.
Inofanira kuva nendima dzakarongwawo zvakanaka uye basa rakachena.
(g) Batanidzo nezviperengo zvamazwi ngazvive zvakanaka.
(a) Kuviga mufi pachivanhu

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Zvaungangonyora pamubvunzo wakadai
Kupeta mufi
Kugezesa mufi
Kuridza mhere yorufu kuhama dzake
Kutema rukarwa
Kuchera guva
Kuita chiroora/chisahwira
Kuuraya chipfuwo chenhevedzo nezvimwewo.

Mavigiro
• Kutakurwa kwechitunha chichienda kuguva
• Nhoroondo/nhaurwa dzepaguva
• Kuiswa kwechitunha muguva/kufutsirwa
• Kupira mufi kuvadzimu
• Kugata/kufananidza,nezvimwewo
(b) Barika harichina chinzvimbo muupenyu hwamazuva ano.Iwe unoti chii nazvo?
Tanga nekutsanangura chinonzi barika. Barika rinowanikwa apo murume
anenge ane vakadzi vanodarika mumwe chete.

Mutoo 1
Unogona kutsigira musoro uchiburitsa zvinotevera:
(k) Vanhu vamazuvaano havachadi kuparika kana kuparikwa nekuda kwedzidzo
nechikristu chisingadi barika.
(l) Mitemo yeroora yakafanana neChapter 37 haitenderi barika.
(m) Upenyu hwava kudhura. Varume havachagoni kuriritira barika
(n) Vanhu vamazuvano havachadi kugara kana kugarwa nhaka
(o) Vakadzi vamazuva ano vava kukwanisa kuzvisevenzera nokuita mabhindauko
okuzviraramisa vachigona kuriritira mhuri dzavo saka havasisina nhamo
yokutsvaga pokuchengetwa.
(p) Vave kutya shuramatongo
(q) Mapato ekodzero dzamadzimai anoshoropodza barika.

Mutoo 11
Rondedzero yemhando yakadai unokwanisa rungano kana nyaya uchitsigira
kana kupikisa musoro uyezve uchizojekesa zvaunofungawo nomusoro wenyaya,
neongororo kana tsoropodzo yedivi raunenge wakarerekera. Unogonawo kupa
dzimwe pfungwa dzisipo pamusoro apo.
(c) Unofanirwa kuva neruzivo rwetsumo iyi
Dudziro yetsumo: Vabereki vane chinzvimbo (chiremera) sevafundisi kana
vadzidzisi kana vane unhu hunoyemurika vanogona kuve nevana vane unhu
hunonyadzisa.

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Nyatsotsanangura magariro evabereki vacho uchiburitsa zvinotevera:
a Kugona kwavo kuyananisa vamwe
b Kupa mazano/pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana
c Kusimbisa vamwe mumatambudziko anounzwa nevana
d Vana vavo vozoburitsa unhu hwakaipa sekuba, kuputa mbanje,
kudhakwa, chipfambi, kubvisa pamuviri nezvimwewo.
(d) Nyaya inopedziswa nemanzwi anoti kubvira zuva iri handina kuzoda kuvimba
neshamwari zvakare
Unofanirwa kunyora iri nyaya yakazara uchiburitsa zvinotevera:
• Kuwirirana kweshamwari mbiri
• Kubatsira kwemumwe mune zvinomunetsa
• Kupiwa mazano
• Kutaurirana tsindidzo sezvinonetsa zvemumbakana zvimwewo zvemhuri kana
zvimwe zveupenyu

Zvingazoitika zvinogumburisa mumwe

(o) Kuzoburitsa tsindidzo kune vamwe vanhu mumwe wacho wozozviziva
(p) Kudanana nemudiwa wemumwe
(q) Kuita makuhwa
(r) Kupinza shamwari mudambudziko guru
(s) Nyaya yacho ngaipedziswe nemazwi akapihwa.

(e) Hurukuro pakati pevana vaviri mumwe achiti mifananidzo yatinoona

mumafirimu ndiyo yasakisa kuti tsika dzedu dzechivanhu dziparare mumwe
achipikisa.
Anotsigira musoro ngaaburitse zvinotevera:
k) Kurwa
l) Kuuraya
m) Kubudirira pakuba
n) Kutatsurana kwemarudzi
o) Unzenza
p) Kusora nekutengesana nezvimwewo.

Anopikisa ngaataure zvinotevera:

Mafirimu anodzidzisa somuenzaniso dzidziso yeshuramatongo
Anovaraidza
Anopa ruzivo nezvimwewo

(f) Nhoroondo yemukuru wechikoro pazuva revabereki

Ngaatange nemazwi akapihwa, Mubati weChigaro.....’
Ngaatsanangure zvine udzamu sokuti:
• Uwandu hwevana nepahwaive kare
• Vadzidzisi nevavanodzidzisa
• Mari inobviswa pachikoro
• Vabereki vose vari kubvisa here?

134
• Urongwa ngahuve hunogoneka.
• Ngaave nekurudziro kuvabereki.
• Ngaavakurudzire kubatsira kunyange vachishaya nokuti dzidzo inokosha.

B: Nzwisiso nepfupiso
(d) Musoro ngaupinze uipi hwavanhukadzi kana kuti mombe dzenhaka
yaMatamba (1)
(e) - akamurambisa mukadzi nevana
- akamuitisa rombe
- akamupinzisa mujeri / mutirongo (1)
(c) - unofanira kuva nemukadzi / kunzi murume hunge une mukadzi
- usaita meso meso
- roora mukadzi mumwe chete womubata zvakanaka (2)
(d) (i) kunotambira/kugamuchira/kumirira ari kuuya (2)
(ii) akandiwisira/akandipinza/akandiisa mumatambudziko (2)
(iii) mukadzi/munhu ane tsika dzakanaka
Mukadzi munhu ane hunhu hwakanaka

18. Zvoupenzi (2)

19. Vanorura/vanotyisa (2)
(e) - chekusava neruchiva/nemesomeso
Chekusanyengerwa nevanhukadzi/ kugutsikana nemukadzi mumwe chete. (2)
(f) Aida kuti Matamba asaende kumusha (2)
(g mukadzi aitya kutizwa (2)

(g) Pfupiso
- Matamba anogashira mukadzi pachiteshi
- Kutandaniswa kwaMatamba pachikoro nokuda kwavasikana.
- Kutadza kuzivikanzwa kwaMatamba nevanhu vekumusha kuti akaenda kupi.
- Huipi hwevanhukadzi kurambisa mutauri mukadzi nevana/kumuitisa rombe/
kupinzisa mutauri mujeri.
- Kuyambirwa kuroora mukadzi mumwe chete nekumubata zvakanaka kusaita
ruchiva.
- Matamba anonzwa nezvekufa kwaambuya vake.
- Matamba anofunga kunotengesa mombe dzake
- Mukadzi waMatamba haadi kuti murume aende kumusha nokuti anotya
kutizwa

Shona Paper 2
A: Zvirungamutauro
1. Tsumo
• Mbeva zhinji hadzina mashe
• Mugoti unopihwa anyerere
• Kumhanya hakusi kusvika
• Apunyaira haashayi misodzi

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 • Zingizi gonyera pamwe maruva enyika haaperi
• Ura mapako hunozvara mbavha nevaroyi
• Chirere mangwana chigokurerawo

2. (i) nyakata - kunyorova

(ii) ndure - kuruma
(iii) gwadagwa - kuwa/kudonha nemabvi
(iv) nyengu - kupinda
(vi) Rukutu - kuneta
(vii) Dhugu - kubuda
(viii) Kanha - kushamisika

3. (a) akaburuka - jiti/ kwiti

(b) akatevedza - tande/ zo-o /tasa
(f) Zvaakasvika - vhu/ pfacha
(g) Yakazara - ta/ maku/ pa/ che/ che-e
(h) Ndokuuchira - wa wa wa/ kwa kwa

4. (a) Kuva vanhu vanowirirana kana kudanana zvikuru.

(b) kungwarisa/ kuchenjeresa kwakapfurikidza mwero.
• Kudemba kwemunhu akabereka mwana vane misikanzwa.
• Zvakaipa zvevakuru hazvitaurwi pachena.
• Kupedza nguva nezvinhu zvisina basa.
• Kunyepedzera kufarira munhu wausingade.
• Kupata/kupusa zvakapfurikidza zvokuva dununu.

Chikamu 11.1 Maumbirwo omutauro

Semudzidzi weChiShona waitarisirwa kupa mhinduro dzinotevera
6. zita chivakashure dzitsi
nhengo N-, dzi- -nhengo
chikosoro chi- -kosoro
mushauri mu- -shauri
mwenje mw- -enje
rwendo rw- -endo
gumbo (ri-) -kumbo
njiva N-,dzi- -njiva
vasungwa va- -sungwa
meso ma- -iso
pasi pa- -si

7. (a) vedu, dzedu

(b) itsumo, ndiwo

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 (c) iyi, izvi
(d) vakuru
(e) vakaishandisa
(f) shasha
(g) ngatigare
(h) saka

8. chiito mudzi rebeso zita racho

• akarohwa -rov- -w- chekuitwa
• vanoridza -rir- -dz-/-y-/ chekonzero
• vaungana -ung- -an- chebatano
• tirongonore -rong- -onor- chepfumvunuro
• Kuchekeka -chek- -ek- chegoneko
• Kukombama -komb- -am- chemamiriro

9. chiito zita redonzvo

• haachafambi rekuudza
• unzwe renhevedzano
• ndingafare rekwaniso
• fambisa rekutuma
• akataura renhevedzano
• vachibika rezvanga zvichiitika
• kunyora redudziramuiti
• rakapinza rekuudza
• hatibatanei rekurudziro

10. (a) chitaridzanguva chezvinogaroitika

(b) Chitaridzanguva chezvakaitika
(c) Chitaridzanguva chezvaigaroitika
(d) Chitaridzanguva chezvakaitika
(e) Chitaridzanguva chezviri kubva kuitika
(f) Chitaridzanguva chezvava pedyo kuitika.

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CHITSAUKO 21 RUDO NENYIKA YAKO
ZVIRI MUKATI
21.1 Nzwisiso- Mepu; I.C.T
21.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro-Tsumo dzinopikisana
21.3 Maumbirwo emutauro-Nyaudzosingwi
21.4 Rondedzero-Tsananguro
21.5 Misambo-Kuda nyika yako
21.6 Dzokororo

Nhanganyaya
Muchitsauko chino uchaenderera mberi nekuvandudza unyanzvi hwako
hwekuverenga kuteerera, kunyora nekutaura. Tinovimba zvitsauko zvapfuura
zvakagadzira hwaro hwakanaka zvokuti, wava kunakidzwa nekudzidza chidzidzo
cheChiShona. Zvino muchitsauko chino, tava kunangana nekudzidza mhando itsva
yenzwisiso inova yemamepu. Tinovimba kuti wakazviona padanho 1 nemuzvitsauko
zviri pamusoro kuti nzwisiso yava kuuya nenzira tsva. Uchiri kuzviyeuka here?
Tinodaira kuti zvichirimo mumusoro mako uye kukukurudzira kuti kana wakanganwa
dzokorora zvikamu zvenzwisiso zviri pamusoro, uchasangana nedzinosanganisira;
• Magirafu,
• Makatuni,
• mifananidzo
• mamepu.

Tinotarisirazve kuti uwedzere ruzivo rwetsumo nekupa tsumo dzinopikisana.

Izvi zvinongojekesa kupfuma kwemutauro wedu. Uchawonawo zvakare kuti
nyaudzosingwi dzine maumbirwo adzowo semazita nezviito. Rondedzero
yetsananguro nemusambo zvichadzidziswawo zvakare muchitsauko chino.
Naizvozvo tinoti, usaneta, nyatsotevedzera hurongwa hwezvidzidzwa zvose zviri
muchitsauko chino, tinokuvimbisa kuti uchabuda neunyanzvi hwakavandudzika.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

Kuti ubudirire muchitsauko chino unoda kuva neunyanzvi hunotevera

• Kugona kuverenga
• Kugona kunyora
• Kufunga zvine udzamu

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unotarisirwa kunge wava kukwanisa

1. kuburitsa pfungwa dzine udzamu nekupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso yemepu
2. kudoma nekutsanangura tsumo dzinopikisana

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3. kutsanangura maumbirwo enyaudzosingwi
4. kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora rondedzero yemhando yetsananguro
5. kutsanangura nhaka yemusiidzanwa, tsika nemagariro zvinoratidza rudo
nenyika yako

NGUVA: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino

Mazwi akakosha

Pakudzidza chitsauko chino uchasangana nemazwi akakosha matsva achakubatsira

kunzwisisa zviri muchitsauko chino. Heanoi mamwe emazwi aya nedudziro dzawo.
Unyanzvi- kugona kwakakwenenzverwa
Indaneti - idandemutande rinoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kugoverana ruzivo
nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana vachishandisa makombiyuta nemaserofoni.
Zendereka - kondineti kana kuti chitsama chenyika dziri panzvimbo imwe chete
dzichizopatsanurwa nenyanza kuti uende pane chimwe chitsama.
Chiumbwamupfungwa - kuona mupfungwa dzako chinhu kana chiitiko semaitikiro
echakaita.

21.1 Nzwisiso -Mepu I.C.T

Nyika zhinji dzemuAfrica dzava kushandisa indaneti kufambisa mashoko akasiyana-
siyana, kuuya kwakaita indaneti muhupenyu hwedu kwakabatsira zvikuru
mukurarama kwamazuva ano kwechimbichimbi. Iwe unofunga kuti indaneti
yakakosherei pabudiriro yenyika, uye, inobatsira chii pakufambiswa kwemashoko?
Ndinovimba waona kuti indaneti inobatsira chose sezvo ichifambisa mashoko
nenguva pfupi-pfupi. Izvi zvinoita kuti kugoverana kwepfungwa nemashoko pasi
rose kukasike zvikuru uyewo, kutengeserana kwenyika kunoreruka.

Zvino muchikamu chino, tinoda kuti uongorore mepu yemuAfrica iri pazasi
inoratidza mafambiro aita indaneti munyika dzemuAfrica wozoedza kupindura
mibvunzo inoitevera.

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 Zvokuita 21.1
Mepu yeAfrica inoratidza kushandiswa kweIndaneti nenyika dzemuAfrica

90 - 100%
80 - 89%
70 - 79%
60 - 69%
50 - 59%
40 - 49%
30 - 39%
20 - 29%
10 - 19%
0 - 9%

Kana wanyatsoongorora mepu iyi, chiedza zvino kupindura mibvunzo inotevera.

1. Kubva pamepu iyi doma nyika mbiri dzemuAfrica dzava kushandisa indaneti
zvakanyanya? (2)
2. Doma nyika nhatu dzichakasarira pakushandisa indaneti (3)
3. Ipa zvikonzero zviviri zvingakonzera kuti nyika idzi dzinonoke kusvika pava
nevamwe (2)
4. Nyika zhinji dzemuAfrica dziri pachikamu chipi kubva muzana pakushandisa
indaneti? (2)
5. Nyika yeZimbabwe iri pachikwata chezvikamu zvingani kubva muzana
pakushandisa indaneti? (2)
6. Unofunga kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvishanu zvabatsira kuti nyika yedu isvike
ipapo? (5)

Tsanangura zvingaitwa kuti nyika dzemuAfrica dzisvikewo pamusoro apo

pakushandisa indaneti. (3)

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 21.2 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa
Wakwanisa here kupindura mibvunzo yose yakanangana nemepu yawaongorora
iyo? Pane yawasiya uchiti yakuomera here? Tinovimba kuti pakuongorora mepu
kwawaita wasangana nemhinduro dzakada kuita sedzinotevera. Wongorora
mhinduro idzi wodzienzanisa nedzawawana iwe. Kana paine yawanga wasiya
chizadzisa pakashama pacho nemhinduro dzauchaona pazasi.
1. Nigeria neEgypt
2. Eritrea ,Burundi neSierra Leone
3. Hondo nekunonoka kusvika kwebudiriro munyika idzi
4. 20-29%
5. 20-29%
6. Kuva nevanhu vari kudzidza zvetekinoroji, kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika
dzakabudirira dzakaita seChina,
kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, rugare munyika nehutungamiriri
hunokurudzira budiriro yenyika.
7. Kuvandudza dzidzo
Kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira
Kuva nerugare munyika.

Chenjedzo

Waiona sei nzwisiso yemepu? Ine zvayakubatsira here pakunzwisisa zvimwe zvinhu
zvawanga usina ruzivo pamusoro pazvo wakanangana nemafambiro aita indaneti
munyika dzemuAfrica? Tinovimba kuti wava nekujekerwa kuri nani sezvo zvichinzi
kuona kune simba pane kungotaura kana kuverenga chete. Zvino pakuverenga
nekuongorora pamwe nekuzopindura mibvunzo yemepu, tinoda kuti uchenjere
pakuita zvinotevera;
• Shandisa zvinongedzo zvinenge zvakapiwa padivi remepu kuongorora
mepu yako. somuenzaniso wemepu iri pamusoro, zvinongedzo zviri
kuratidza zvikamu kubva muzana zvemashandisirwo ari kuitwa indaneti
nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuAfrica. Naizvozvo unotarisa ruvara rwuri
pazviratidzo izvi woenda pamepu wonoonazve kuti inyika dzipi dzava apa.
• Edzazve nepose paunogona kupindura mibvunzo yose yawapiwa kwete
kusiya mimwe

21.2 Mashandisirwo omutauro

Tsumo dzinopikisana
Muzvitsauko zvakapfuura wakasangana netsumo dzakawanda, dzinoda kuumbwa,
kupa tsananguro nedzimwe dzinoreva zvakafanana. Vakuru vedu vekare vairatidza
unyanzvi hwavo hwekushandisa mutauro nenzira iyi. Tsumo zvirevo zvine
tsananguro yakadzama, uchiri kuzviyeuka handiti. Tsumo dzakazara neungwaru
uye inhaka yedu yatakasiirwa nemadzitateguru edu kubva kare iyo tinotarisirwazve
kuzogamuchidzawo mizera inotevera. Sekuziva kwako, kare kwaisava nezvinyorwa

141
zvavako nhasi izvi. Vakuru vedu vaichizoshandisa tsumo kuti vanhu vachengetedze
hunhu hwaitarisirwa uyewo kuti vazokwanisa kugarisana nevamwe zvakanaka.
Naizvozvo uchaona kuti tsumo dzinoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana anoti,
• Kukurudzira
• Kurayira
• Kutsiura
• Kuchenjedza
• Kudzidzisa tsika dzakanaka
• Kudzidzisa kuti munhu angabudirira sei muhupenyu

Tichimbodzosera ndangariro dzako, tinoda kuti udome tsumo mbiri

dzawakambosangana nadzo mudura rino dzinoreva zvakafanana. Wadziwanaka,
wagona ndizvozvo chaizvo. Tinovimba waburitsa dzakada kudai:
Ongorora muenzaniso unotevera:
• Ane ganda ane nyama hazvienzane neakabata howa
• Chembere mukadzi hazvienzane nekurara mugota

Tsumo idzi dzakafanana pakuti dzose dzinoreva kuti, kuva nezvishoma kana zvidiki
kuri nani pane kushaiwa zvachose

Zvino, muchikamu chino tinoda kuti uite zvimwe chetezvo pakudoma tsumo
dzinopikisana. Kune tsumo dzakawanda dzinopikisana kana kureva zvinopesana.
Izvi zvinopangidza kuti munhu anofanira kudzamisa pfungwa dzake kuti ave
nehuchenjeri hwekusarudza maitiro kana matauriro akakodzera panzvimbo
nenguva yaanenge akatarisana nayo. Kuti ubudirire pakutsvaga tsumo dzinoreva
zvakapesana unoda kutanga nekupa dudziro yetsumo yapiwa kuti uzokwanisa
kutsvaga imwe inopikisana nayo.

Muenzaniso unotevera uchakubatsira zvikuru.

Vakuru vedu vakaumba tsumo dzine chekuita nekukurumidza kana kunonoka.

Chinangwa chikuru chetsumo idzi chaiva chekudzidzisa vanhu kuti kazhinji kuita
chinhu uchimhanya kune njodzi. Nerimwewo divi, ukanonokera chinhu unowana
chisisipo kana kuzotadza kubudirira pane zvaunenge uchida.

Zvino chiongorora tsumo dzinoreva zvinopesana dziri pazasi.

• Mandikurumudzire akazvara mandinonokera
Tsumo iyi inoreva kuti, kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza nguva zhinji kunoita kuti
ukanganise wozoda kuzvidzokorora zvinozoita kuti unonoke. Iyi ikurudziro
yekuti munhu atore nguva achiita chinhu nemazvo kuti chibudirire pasina
kukanganisika

142
Tsumo inopikisa iyi ndeinoti;
• Ndisvike ndisvike yakaradza vanhu munzira
Tsumo iyi inoreva kuti kunonokera kuita zvinhu kunoita kuti usapedza
nenguva yakanaka zvinozoita kuti zvisingatarisirwe zviitike. Dzidziso
yaijekeswa nevakuru apa ndeyekuti, munhu haafanirwi kunonokera kuita
chinhu . anenge afunga kana kutanga chinhu anofanirwa kukurumidza
kuchiita nekuchipedzisa nokuti akaita zvokunonokera , vamwe vakangwara
vanotora pfungwa dzake vodzishandisa, votobudirira.

Zvokuita 21.2.1
Zvino, kuti tione kuti wazvibata, tinoda kuti uchiita tsvakurudzo yakowo. Kana
uine vanhu vakuru munharaunda yako zvingakubatsira kunovabvunza tsumo
dzinopikisana. Ipa tsumo dzinopikisa dzakapiwa;
a) Mugoti unopiwa anyerere
b) Murombo haarove chine nguwo
c) Mbeva zhinji hadzina mashe
d) Kashiri kasingapambari hakanuni
e) Chiri mumwoyo chiri muninga

21.2.2 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba waita tsvakurudzo yakakwana ukaedza chose kupa tsumo dzinopikisa
dzawapiwa. Tinovimba zvakare kuti wawana mhinduro dzakaita sokudai;
a) Mwana asingacheme anofira mumbereko
b) Apunyaira haashayi musodzi
c) Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda
d) Zingizi gonyera pamwe maruva enyika haaperi
e) Chirungurira chirwere ukanyarara unofa nacho

21.3 Maumbirwo emutauro - Nyaudzosingwi

Tinovimba kusvika padanho rino wava kuziva nyaudzosingwi sechirungamutauro
uye mashandisirwo adzo muzvirevo. Rangarira kuti, nyaudzosingwi izwi rinoratidza
maitikiro kana mamiriro echinhu sezvinongoitawo chiito. Izwi iri rinoshanda sechiito
asi iro richinyatsojekesa maitikiro akaita chinhu kupfuura zvingaitwa nechiito.
Nyaudzosingwi zvakare inogona kushandiswa kutsanangudza maitiro akaita chinhu
nenzira inopfuura zvingaitwa nechipauro.
Kana tikati;

Chiedza akwira mumuti, wemumango nekuti,

Chiedza ati kata mumuti wemumango.

kata inyaudzosingwi iri kujekesa chiito chekukwira mumuti. Izvi zvinopa

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chiumbwapfungwa, zvekuti unobva watoona makwiriro akaita Chiedza mumuti
sezviri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro.
Kubva pamienzaniso iri pamusoro tinotenda kuti waona kuti nyaudzosingwi
dzinobata-bata pfungwa dzine chekuita nemanzwiro anoti;
Kuravira
Kubata kana kugunzva
Kunhuwidza nemhuno
Kuwona
Kunzwa kana yaita zvekutaurwa

Zvose izvi zvinobatsira kuti zvinonyatsoumba mufananidzo wezviri kutaurwa

mundangariro dzemuverengi.
Fungawo dzako nyaudzosingwi shanu uchiita sezviri pamusoro. Pamwe pacho
itoedza kuita zviito zvacho, wozoedza kuumba nyaudzosingwi inoenderana
nemaitikiro kana mamiriro ezvinhu zviri pedyo newe.
Nyaudzosingwi dzinokwanisa kuiswawo muzvikwata zvichienderana
nezvadzinojekesa.

a) Maitiro
Sokuti, svetu, bvorokosho, unauna, kata
Apa unobva watova nechiumbwapfungwa chinoratidza zviri kujekeswa
nenyaudzosingwi yekuti svetu kunova iko kusvetuka uchitoona kuwuruka
uchienda mudenga nekubatazve pasi. Bvorokosho kugara zvisina tarisiro.

b) Mamiriro
Sokuti undundu, tuzu, bvururu
Apa panojekeswa kuti zvinhu zvakamira sei.

c) Ruvara
Piriviri, mbumbu, mburetete, tsva
Apa panobva pabuda majekero eruvara akasiyana-siyana

d) Mutinhiro kana muririro
Ngende ngende, tsviriri, ngiririr
Apa unobva watonzwa mitinhiro yacho nekusiyana kwazvo munzeve
dzomukatikati

e) Udzamu
Mwiro, fasha, tucha
Nyaudzosingwi idzi dzinojekesawo udzamu kwemaitiro kana mamiriro
ezvinhu sokuti mwiro udzamu hwerunyararo, fasha udzamu hwemazadziro
ekupfachukira.

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21.3.1 Nyaudzosingwi dzinoumbwa sei?
Muchikamu chino ndinoda kuti uchiziva maumbirwo enyaudzosingwi idzi
sezvawakaona pamazita, zvidudziramazita nezviito.

Panyaudzosingwi dzako shanu dzawawana pamusoro ongorora zviumbiso zviripo.

Ndinovimba wawana dzakada kudai:
pu do ngo ngo ngo
tambe tambe mburetete

Nyaudzosingwi ine chivakazwi chimwe chete sokuti /pu / kana /do/ inoumbwa
nenyaudzosingwi imwe chete
Chitsvagawo nyaudzosingwi mbiri dzinoumbwa sokuti; nyaudzosingwi +
nyaudzosingwi .Ndinovimba wawana sedzinoti,
• tambe tambe
• ngwenjere ngwenjere

Dzimwe dzinoumbwa nekuti Nyaudzosingwi + Nyaudzosingwi+ Nyaudzosingwi

ngo ngo ngo

Zvokuita 21.3.1
1. Ipa nyaudzosingwi mbiri mbiri dziri muzvikwata zvinotevera
a. Maitiro
b. Mamiriro
c. Ruvara
d. Mutinhiro/muririro
e. Udzamu
2. Ratidza maumbirwo enyaudzosingwi dzinotevera
do zete zii fambe fambe de de de

21.3.2 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Wakwanisa kupindura mibvunzo yose iyo here? Tinovimba wawana nyaudzosingwi
dzinotevera pachikwata chimwe nechimwe uyewo kuti wakwanisa kuumba
nyaudzosingwi idzi sezvinotevera
1 a) maitiro - kwarakwashu, hutu
b) mamiriro- twii, nga
c) ruvara - ndo-o, tsvukuru
d) mutinhiro/muririro - ngiririr, gwengwendere
e) udzamu - zete, ziro

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2. Nyaudzosingwi dzakangoumbwa nenyaudzosingwi imwe chete
Do zii zete

Nyaudzosingwi + Nyaudzosingwi
fambe fambe

Nyaudzosingwi +Nyaudzosingwi +Nyaudzosingwi

de de de

21.4 Rondedzero: Tsananguro

Muzvitsauko zvakapfuura, tinotenda kuti wakanzwisisa tsananguro yakajeka
yakapiwa pamusoro perondedzero dzemhando yetsanangura. Uchiri kuzviyeuka
nhaika? Zvakanzi kutsanangura kuita sei? Ndizvozvo chaizvo, kutsanangura kuyanika
pfungwa pachena uchidzitsigira zvizere. Kana ukanzi tsanangura, unotarisirwa
kuburitsa pachena mamiriro kana maitikiro echinhu sokuti;
• Nyika yako, kana
• Musha wedu.
• Chikoro chedu
• Mudzidzisi wangu

Apa unoda kuti unge uine ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pemusoro waunenge
wasarudza. Somuenzaniso, kana uri mutorwa kana mushanyi haukwanise kubuda
netsananguro dzinozadza mukombe pamusoro wekuti; Nyika yako.

Zvino, kuti ubude netsananguro yakanaka zvakakosha kutanga nekuronga pfungwa

dzako. Iyi ndiyo inonzi gadziriro inoitwa usati watanga kunyora rondedzero yako.
Idzi ipfungwa dzinokosha dzaunoda kuburitsa murondedzero yako. Zvakakoshereiko
kuita gadziriro munhu asati atanga kunyora rondedzero? Ndizvozvo chaizvo,
gadziriro yakakosha pakuti hauzosiirire zvinokosha kana wava kunyora rondedzero
yako. Kazhinji zvinhu zvaunonyora pasi kashoma kuzongozvikanganwa nekukasika.
Izvi zvinokupawo zvakare mukana wekuzoronga pfungwa dzako zvakanaka
dzichitevedzana neudzamu hwadzo. Gadziriro yako ngaive zvidimbu zvepfungwa
dzinokosha kana mibvunzo yokuti pakuipindura unenge uchitobuda nepfungwa.

146
Hedzinoi dzimwe pfungwa dzingakubatsira kubuda nerondedzero yakanaka
pamusoro penyika yako
- Zita renyika rizere
- Zendereka rairi
- Mutungamiriri wenyika
- Uwandu hwevanhu vari munyika
- Zvivakwa zvirimo
- Zviwanikwa zvemunyika yako
- Nzvimbo dzinokosha dzine nhoroondo yenyika
- Nzvimbo dzinoyevedza
- Zvinoitwa munyika kuunza upfumi

Chenjedzo

Mushure mekuronga pfungwa dzako sezviri pamusoro, chitora pfungwa imwe

neimwe uchiitambanudza zvizere mundima mayo. Rangarirazve kuti zvisinei
nemhando yerondedzero, nhanganyaya inotofanirwa kuvapo uye yakaumbwa
zvakanaka. Unyanzvi hwekunyora zvirevo zvakanaka uchishandisa zvimiso
zvakakodzera pazvinokodzera, haudi kusiiwa nguva dzose.

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21.5 Misambo - Kuda nyika yako
Chizvarwa chese chemunyika chinotarisirwa kuva nerudo nenyika yacho. Iwe
sechizvarwa chemuno muZimbabwe unotarisirwawo kuratidza rudo rwakadzika.
Munhu anoda nyika yake ane maitiro nematauriro anoratidza pachena kuti anoida
zvechokwadi.
• Ndinoda kuti umbonyatsofunga kuti zvii zvaungaita zvinoratidza kuti unoda
nyika yako.
• Tsvaga vanhu vaviri kana vatatu vaungabvunzawo motaurirana iwe
uchivaudzawo zvaunofunga.

Zvokuita 21.5.1
Kana hurukuro yenyu yapera ndinoda kuti uzadzise tafura inotevera uchitevedzera
muenzaniso wakapiwa pekutanga.

Matauriro Maitiro
-Kutaura zvine ruremekedzo kune vanhu -Kuchengetedza miti nekusaitema-tema
vose
_
_
_
_

Tinovimba kuti patsvakurudzo yako wabudirira kuwana matauriro nemaitiro

anotevera:
Matauriro
• kushandisa mutauro wakanaka nguva dzose
• kukwazisa vanhu
• kutaura zvinosimudzira nyika nguva dzose
• kusanyomba vatungamiriri venyika

Maitiro
• kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzenhaka yemusiidzanwa munyika medu
• kusabira nyika nekuita huori
• kutendeka pamabhizimusi
• kushanda nesimba mukuunza budiriro munyika
• kuremekedza munhu wese munyika zvisineyi nemakore, mawaniro kana
hutano
• kubatsirawo vanoshaya

148
Mutungamiriri wenyika yeZimbabwe VaMnangagwa vakaisa chirongwa chekuti
svondo rekutanga remwedzi umwe neumwe rive svondo rekucherechedza utsanana
munyika medu. Izvi zvakauya mushure mekunge tamborasikirwa nehupenyu
hwakawanda nekuda kwechirwere chekorera. Pakucherechedza utsanana apa
vanhu vose vanokurudzirwa kupinda munharaunda dzavo vachitsvaira marara
nekunhonga tsvina yose. Tinotenda kuti wakambozvinzwawo uye kuti uri kuzviita
munharaunda yaunogara. Izvi zvinonyatsojekesa kuda kwaunoita nyika yako nokuti
utsanana hwakanakira iwe nevose vakakukomberedza. Vhiki iyi inoda kugara
ichicherechedzwa.

Kana vanhu vakuru munyika

vachikwanisa kutungamirira
nemucherechedzo zvakadayi, zvakadiiwo
newe nesu. Uku ndiko kunonzi kuda
nyika yako. Maitiro akadai anoratidza
hunhu hwakanaka hunokurudzirwa kuti
unzi uri munhu pane vanhu. Ndehupi
hunhu hwakanaka huri kuratidzirwa
nemutungamiriri wenyika pamufananidzo
uyu? Tinovimba kuti wawana
zvinotevera;
• kuzvininipisa
• rukudzo
• ruremekedzo
• kushanda nesimba
• hutsanana

Zvokuita
Ita tsvakurudzo yenzvimbo dziri kutevedzera hurongwa hwekuchenesa maguta.
Nyora pasi nzvimbo dziri kubudirira kuita izvi neidzo dzisati dzava kutevedzera.
Ungaita sei chaizvo kubuda nezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa vanhu vemunyika yedu kuti
varatidze rudo nenyika yavo zvichitangira pakucherechedza svondo rekuchenesa
nzvimbo? Tsvagawo vanhu vaviri kana vatatu vaunogovana navo pfungwa dzako.
Kana zvichibvira ibvai matanga hurongwa hwacho munharaunda menyu.

21.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko

Chitsauko chino tinotenda kuti chabata zvakakosha zvemutauro zvaunofanirwa
kuramba uchiverenga kusvika wazvinzwisisa.
• Mamepu anokwanisa kuverengwawo zvakanaka chose uchitozokwanisa
kupindura mibvunzo inozobvunzwa.
• Kana uchiverenga mepu unoda kucherechedza zvose kubva pamavara
akashandiswa kusvika pamifananidzo nemimwewo mitsara yakapiwa.
• Tanga waziva dudziro dzetsumo dzawapiwa kuti ukwanise kuzopa dzinopikisa
dzacho

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• Nyaudzosingwi dzinokwanisawo kuumbwa sezvinoitwa mazita nezviito
• Rondedzero yetsananguro inoyanika pachena pfungwa dzemamiriro
nemaitikiro echinhu
• Tine maitiro nematauriro akanaka anotarisirwa munyika panzvimbo
dzakasiyana-siyana anoratidza kuti munhu anoda nyika yake.

BVUNZO
Chikamu chino chakanangana nekuti uchiita dzokororo yezvawakadzidza
muzvitsauko zvitatu zvapfuura. Tinoda kuti usati watanga kupindura mubvunzo
iri muchikamu chino umbodzokororazve zvikamu zvose zviri pamusoro pamwe
nekuverenga pfupiso yechitsauko. Izvi, uchaona kuti zvichakukubatsira kupindura
mibvunzo yose iri panio nemazvo. Kana wawomerwa pakupindura, usanetseka
hako, unotenderwa kumbopota uchidzokera kunoona zvakanyorwa pachikamu
chaunenge uchidzidza nezvacho.

Pindura mibvunzo yose

A. Nzwisiso; Nhetembo
1. Verenga detembo rinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri pazasi.
Kurwara hakuna mukuru, chakandiwana ndakavarairwa
Vayambiri vaitoyambira ini muyambirwi ndokuramba kuyambirwa
Miromo yevakuru haiwiri pasi, chirwere ndakazozvitapurira
Kubata kwangu taifoidhi, kwakava kurumwa nechekuzvitakunyira
Taifoidhi chirwere chinowanikwa munyika dzisina kubudirira.
Iniwo zvangu Pombiyadonha ndini wevamwe vasina kubudirira
Mamiriyoni gumi nomuraudzo inovabata roga roga gore
Zviuru mazana mashanu neanoraudza inozotuma kumakore
Taifoidhi inobatika kana tsvina yavanayo yasangana nezvekudya
Saka ini nhasi kuzotapura taifoidhi kudai, ndakaiwana mune zvokudya.

Usazoyeuka bako waniwa nokuti ndakaziva haitungamiri

Pakudzivirira taifoidhi iwe chiita mutungamiri
Kuitira tsvina pose pose netaifoidhi tose tose tinozochema
Pindawo muchimbuzi nguva dzose kuti tose tigorarama
Wapedza mabasa omuchimbuzi geza maoko kusvikira achene
Usati wabata zvinodyiwa, maoko ngaagezwe kusvika ati mbembe!
Zvekudya zvichidyiwa ngazvidyiwe zvichiri kudziya
Kudya zvokudya zvatonhora unozopedzesera usisadziya
Mvura yokunwa inwa hako asi tanga waividza
Kunwa isina kuvidzwa ungangotapura taifoidhi risina kuvira
Vhiki usati waenda kune taifoidhi baiwa mushonga unodzivirira,
Kwemakore maviri kana mashanu unenge wakatozvidzivirira

Pasina utsanana nekushambidzika, taifoidhi inobva yasekerera

Pandiri utsanana hwakashaikwa taifoidhi mandiri ndokusenerera
Zvakatanga nomuviri kudziya, kukosora nomusoro kutema zvokuponda
Dzomunhu mukuru nyadzi huru dzakandituma kusachema

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Mazuva akatevera ndakava webonde ndichipindwa nemhepo
Zvishoma zvishoma ndakanga ndoita souya una mamhepo
Nzira yokuchimbuzi yakapfumba ndichinodurura iwo manyoka
Kunonoka kusvika ndaizviindira somunhu aona zinyoka
Ndaiburutsa ano manyoka egirini ainhuwa zvokuti wairutsa!

Ndakange ndopengereka, poto, hari nendiro ndichiputsa

Mudumbu makaita manyongori ura hukaita maburi maburi
Rokupoya naro ini murwere ndakaritsvaga ndikarishayiwa buri
Murwere haarerwi nebonde, wetaifoidhi mhanyai naye kuchipatara
Mvura yemunyu nechokera inobatsira pasina chipatara
Asi abatwa netaifoidhi ngazvive zvechimbichimbi kuchipatara
Tikasachenjera netaifoidhi vehama tinopera kufa kuti tsvai!
Kupedza taifoidhi zvinoda tose tose tive nehutsanana
Pautsanana apa tose ngatichiva nohutsanana hwamandiriri.

(Nyanduri Peter Marimi kubva muna Mutakunanzva Wenhetembo)

Zvino kana wanyatsonzwisisa nhetembo iyi, tinoda kuti uchiedza kupindura

mibvunzo inotevera
a) Ipa detembo iri musoro wakakodzera (1)
b) Chii chinonzi Taifoidhi? (1)
c) Doma zvinhu zviviri zvanzi zvinokonzera Taifoidhi (2)
d) Vanhu vanokurudzirwa kuita sei kuti vasabatire Taifoidhi? (3)
e) Nyora mazwi ari mudetembo anoreva zvakafanana neanotevera
i) wafashaidza (1)
ii) svondo (1)
iii) yanyemwerera (1)

f) Tsanangura mazwi anotevera sekushandiswa kwaakaitwa mundima

i) Kurumwa nezvekuzvitanyurira (2)
ii) Pombiyadonha (2)
iii) Ndakaziva haitungamiri (2)
iv) Ndakava webonde (2)

g) Tsanangura izwi rokuti ‘utsanana’ uchijekesa zvataurwa mudetembo

pamusoro pehutsanana. (2)
h) Nyora pfupiso yedetembo iri nemazwi asingapfuure makumi mashanu (50)
(10)

B. Rondedzero
2. Nyora hurukuro pakati pevanhu vaviri vari kukakavadzana umwe achiti kudzidza
hakuna pundutso yakunopa zviri nani kutanga bhindauko pane kupedza mari
nekubhadhara chikoro mumwe achipikisa. (50)

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C. Mashandisirwo emutauro
3. (i) Ipa tsumo dzinoreva zvakafanana nedzinotevera
a) Totenda maruva tadya chakata
b) Chinobhururuka chinomhara
c) Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda
d) Chashe chinodyiwa nevagara padare
e) Nhasi chineni mangwana chinewe (5)
(ii) Ipa tsumo dzinopikisana nedzinotevera
a) Mhembwe rudzi inozvara mwana ane kazhumu
b) Mugoti unopiwa anyerere
c) Chinono chinengwe bere rakadya richifamba
d) Chawawana idya nehama mutorwa ane hanganwa
e) Vaviri vaviri wechitatu muzvinaguhwa (5)

D. Maumbirwo emutauro
4. Zadzisa pakashama muzvirevo izvi nezvidudzirazviito zvemarudzi akaratidzwa
muzvikomberedzo
a) (Nguva)…..ndichaenda kunotamba bhora……. (nzvimbo) neshamwari yangu.
b) Tichafara akatemwa… (Chakashandiswa/chombo)…. (muiti)……
c) Ndakamuona achinanaira…….. (maitiro)
(5)

5. Ipa zviito zvinopindirana nenyaudzosingwi dzinotevera

a) Piriviri-----------------
b) Hutu-------------------
c) Gada-------------------
d) Tande-----------------
e) Rukutu----------------- (5)

E Musambo
6. Ongorora mazwi anotevera akataurwa nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana panzvimbo
dzakasiyana-siyana.
i) “Iwe mudhara iwe hausi kuona kuti pamberi pako pane munhu here,
hausi kutonyara kupindira, unoti hatisi kudawo mari here?”
ii) “Hanzvadzi, ndaona kuseri kwechiteshi chino kuine zimugomo
rekurasira marara, ndipei hangu ndinogona kunokurasirai.”
iii) “Eeheeeh ee madzimai ngaanyarare, kwedu tinoziva kuti madzimai
basa ravo nderekubika nekuchengeta vana, zvii zvamungataurawo
pano!”
Pachirevo choga choga nyora
a) Musambo wekutaura wakashandiswa
b) Kukodzera kwemusambo uyu panzvimbo yawakashandiswa (6)

7. Doma mwaka yegore nechimwe chete chinoitwa nevanhu mumwaka iwoyo (4)

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 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tine chivimbo chekuti kana wanyatsoongorora mibvunzo iyi wakwanisa kudzokera

kuzvitsauko zvitatu zviri kumashure kuti ukwanise kupindura mibvunzo. Idzi ndidzo
Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa pabasa iri.
(1) Taifoidhi/ Chakati chandibata chirwere chetaifoidhi/ Taifoidhi inouraya (1)
(2) Chirwere chemanyoka chinokonzerwa netsvina (1)
(3) Kunwa mvura ine tsvina, kudya usina kugeza maoko (2)
(4) Kunwa mvura yakachena, kusaitira tsvina pese pese, kugeza maoko mushure
mekushandisa chimbuzi, kudya chikafu chichidziya (3)
(5) Nyora mazwi ari mudetembo anoreva zvakafanana neanotevera
(a) wakwatisa (1)
(b) vhiki (1)
(c) yasekerera (1)
(6) Tsanangura mazwi anotevera sekushandiswa kwaakaitwa mundima
(a) Kurwariswa nekusaita utsanana wega pasina mumwe munhu
azvikonzera. (2)
(b) Murombo , munhu asina kana chaainacho chaanoti chake. (2)
(c) Hazvibatsire kuzoyeuka zvinhu zvakashata zvatoitika sekubatwa
netaifoidhi,munhu ngaangoita utsanana nguva dzose (2)
(d) Akanga ava kugara akarara pasi nekurwara netaifoidhi (2)
(e) Utsanana kugona kushambidzika, kushandisa chimbuzi kugeza maoko
pamwe nekugara pakachena.izvi mudetembo zvanzi zvinoita kuti
munhu asabatwe nechirwere chetaifoidhi. (2)

i) Pfupiso
Pfungwa huru dziri mudetembo
- nyanduri akabatwa nechirwere chetaifoidhi akura
- taifoidhi chirwere chinowanikwa munyika dzisina kunyatsobudirira
- vazhinji vemunyika idzi vanobatwa nacho vamwe vanotofawo nacho
- taifoidhi inoda kudzivirirwa nekuita hutsanana
- maoko agezwe nesipo kana dota mushure mekushandisa chimbuzi
kwetekuitira tsvina pose pose
- akatanga nekudziya muviri, kukosora nekurwadziwa nemusoro
- aiita manyoka anonhuwa achigara ari muchimbuzi
- murwere wetaifoidhi ngaamhanyiswe kuchipatara achipiwawo mvura ine
munyu nechokera. (10)

B. Rondedzero
Nyora hurukuro pakati pevanhu vaviri vari kukakavadzana umwe achiti kudzidza
hakuna pundutso yakunopa, zviri nani kutanga bhindauko pane kupedza mari
nekubhadhara chikoro mumwe achipikisa. (50)

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• Chekutanga ipa vatambi vako mazita akakodzera
• Nyora nhanganyaya iri kuenderana nezvichakurukurwa nevaviri ava
• Usazowedzera munhu wetatu nyangwe zvodii.
• Mutambi umwe neumwe anofanirwa kutaura pfungwa yake yakazara
inojekesa divi raakarerekera kwete kungobvumira kana kupikisa.
• Mumwe nemumwe wevanhu ava ngaaburitse pfungwa dzinopfuura sere.
• Ronga hurukuro yako nenzira inotevera

Tichaona: Shamwari kutanga bhindauko kwakanaka nekuti haupedze nguva

uchingodzidza pasina chawati wogona kuzvitengerawo wega.
Chamu: Asiwo unoda njere kuti uite basa rako nemazvo. Chikoro chakanaka
nekuti chinokuvhura pfungwa wova nemaonero akapinza chero pabasa
ripi zvaro.

Dzimwe dzepfungwa dzaunogona kuburitsa.

Tichaona
Bhindauko
• ukaita bhindauko unowana
mari yako nekukasika ukatenga
zvaunoda
• haupedze mari uchibhadhara
chikoro asi kuti unotogadzira mari
yekushandisa zvaunoda
• unokurumidza kutenga midziyo
yako nezvaunoda
• haurarame nekukumbira kana
kumirira kupiwa unozviitira zvinhu
zvako
• unokwanisa kuzvimiririra pazvose
• unotokwanisawo kupa vamwe
vanhu mabasa ukatoita mukuru
pabasa iri
Chamu
Chikoro
• kukura uri pachikoro kwakanaka
nekuti kunokugadzirira mamwe
ematambudziko aunogona
kuzosangana nawo muhupenyu
• chikoro chinokudzidzisa humwe
unyanzvi hwaunoda kushandisa
muhupenyu hwakaita sekugona
kuzvimiririra, kutungamirira
vamwe, kushandisa nguva
nemazvo
• bhizimusi rinobudirira kana
munhu akadzidza aine ruzivo
rwezvaari kuita
• hauzobirwi nevashandi kana
uchiziva uye wakadzidza
• vamwe vaunozoda kutengesera
bhizimusi rako vanoda kuona
mapepa ako efundo vasati vakupa
basa
• hauzorasikirwi nemabasa nekuti
unenge uine ruzivo.

C. Mashandisirwo emutauro
1. Ipa tsumo dzinoreva zvakafanana nedzinotevera
a) Totenda dzanwa mombe, dzaswera nebenzi.
b) Kuvhunduka chati kwata hunge uine katurikwa.

154
 c) Rume rimwe harikombe churu
d) Chemuzvere chinodyiwa newabata mwana.
e) Seka urema wafa. (5)
2. Ipa tsumo dzinopikisana nedzinotevera
a) Mhembwe rudzi inozvara mwana ane kazhumu.
b) Mwana asingacheme anofira mumbereko.
c) Kumhanya handi kusvika
d) Zingizi gonyera pamwe maruva enyika haaperi.
e) Apunyaira haashayi musodzi.. (5)

D. Maumbirwo emutauro
1. Zadzisa pakashama muzvirevo izvi nezvidudzirazviito zvemarudzi akaratidzwa
muzvikomberedzo.
d) (Mangwana)…..ndichaenda kunotamba bhora……. (KuMbizo)
neshamwari yangu.
e) Tichafara akatemwa… (Nedemo)…. (NaVaChomutare)……
f) Ndakamuona achinanaira…….. (serwaivhi)
(5)

2. Ipa zviito zvinopindirana nenyaudzosingwi dzinotevera

f) Piriviri-----------------kutsvuka
g) Hutu-------------------kuenda
h) Gada-------------------kugara
i) Tande-----------------kufamba nenzira
j) Rukutu----------------kuneta (5)

E. Musambo
Ongorora mazwi anotevera akataurwa nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana panzvimbo
dzakasiyana-siyana
i) “Iwe mudhara iwe hausi kuona kuti pamberi pako pane munhu here?
Hausi kutonyara kupindira, unoti hatisi kudawo mari here?”
ii) “Hanzvadzi ,ndaona kuseri kwechiteshi chino kuine zibhini rekurasira
marara , ndipei hangu ndinogona kunokurasirai”
iii) “Eeheeeh eh madzimai ngaanyarare, kwedu tinoziva kuti madzimai
basa ravo nderekubika nekuchengeta vana, zvii zvamungataurawo
pano?”

a) Pachirevo choga choga nyora

i) Chishamwari - hachina kukodzera pachashandiswa nekuti mukomana

155
 uyu ari kutaura nemunhu mukuru naizvozvo anotarisirwa kuremekedza.
Anofanirwa kushandisa chinyarikani.
ii) Chinyarikani- musambo wakakodzera nekuti vanhu ava havazivani
naizvozvo pane kuremekedza kwaratidzwa nemutauri achishandisawo
mazwi ane rukudzo.
iii) Chisahwira - hachina kukodzera nekuti padare pamambo
panoshandiswa mutauro wakadzikama unoratidza rukudzo
nekuremekedza kwete kutuka zvakadai. Izvi zvinoratidza kushoora
(6)
d) Doma mwaka yegore nechimwe chete chinoitwa nevanhu mumwaka iwoyo
i) Zhizha -kurima nekudyara mbesa
ii) Chando- kupura mbesa dzavo
iii) Chirimo- varimi vanotanga kurima minda yavo
iv) Masutso- kugadzirira kukohwa zvirimwa zvavo (4)

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CHITSAUKO 22: MUSHANDIRAPAMWE
Zviri mukati
22.1 Nzwisiso- Nhetembo; Mushandirapamwe
22.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro-Dzokororo yemazwi, ndevo nepfungwa
22.3 Maumbirwo emutauro- Mhando dzeNyaudzosingwi
22.4 Rondedzero-Unyanzvi hwekunyora mabasa ekuzvifungira
22.5 Misambo -Mushandirapamwe

Nhanganyaya
Wakamboona here kuti kushanda kwose kunopa pundutso muhupenyu. Munhu
wese anoshanda nesimba achiisa mwoyo wake wose pabasa rake anototi abudirire
chete. Vakuru vedu vakati, kufa kwemurume kubuda ura wani. Zvino pakazobatana
nyanzvi mbiri kana nhatu pakuita chinhu chimwe chete unofunga zvinobuda ipapo
zvakadii? Ndizvozvo chaizvo, panobuda zvipenyu uye zvakati mbii, nekuti zvikomo
zviri pedyo zvinopana mhute.

Muchitsauko chino tichanangana nedingindira rekushanda nesimba uchishandisa

unyanzvi hwako kwekuzvifungira pamwe nekuzoita mubatanidzwa nevamwe
vanoshanda sewe kuwedzera pabudiriro yeupenyu. Nyika yanhasi yava kuda
vanhu vanoshandisa zvipo zvavo zvavakapiwa neMusikavanhu, kwete kungomirira
kufungirwa nevamwe. Kuti ubatsirike pamabasa ako ekuzvifungira, unoda
zvakare kuwedzera ruzivo pamusoro pemashandisirwo nemaumbirwo emutauro.
Naizvozvo, muchitsauko chino tichatarisa dzokororo dzose kubva pazwi, chirevo
nepfungwa kubudisa simbiso kusvika kumhando dzenyaudzosingwi idzo
dzichanyatsozazanurwa.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

Kuti ubudirire muchitsauko chino unoda kuva neunyanzvi hunotevera;

• Kugona kuverenga
• Kugona kunyora
• Kufunga zvine udzamu

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unotarisirwa kunge wava kukwanisa;

• kuburitsa pfungwa dzine udzamu pamusoro pemushandirapamwe
nekupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso yenhetembo
• kutsanangura dzokororo yezwi, chirevo nepfungwa
• kutsanangura mhando dzenyaudzosingwi
• Kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora mabasa okuzvifungira akasiyana-siyana.
• Kujekesa tsika yemushandirapamwe nekutsanangura ukoshi hwayo.

157
 Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino.

Mazwi akakosha

Pakudzidza chitsauko chino uchasangana nemazwi akakosha matsva achakubatsira

kunzwisisa zviri muchitsauko chino. Heanoi mamwe emazwi aya nedudziro dzawo.
Kuhwerengedza - kuunganidza pfungwa uchitorwa muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-
siyana.
Omene - munhu iye pachezvake pasina umwe.

22.1 Nzwisiso -nhetembo

Verenga detembo rinotevera ugoedza kupindura mibvunzo inozouya kumashure.
Dzokorora detembo iri ndima nendima kusvika wanyatsorinzwisisa usati
watanga kupindura mibvunzo. Ruzivo rwezvirungamutauro zvose zvawakaita
muzvitsauko zvapfuura, rwuchakubatsira kunzwisisa detembo iri zvakanaka. Usati
watanga kuriverenga, tinoda kuti umbonyatsoongorora zviri kuitwa nevanhu vari
pamifananidzo iri pazasi.

Waonaka mabasa akasiyana-siyana anogona kuitwa nevanhu kuti vawane chouviri.

Vamwe vanochera zvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita segoridhe sezviri
pamufananidzo wekutanga. Vamwewo vanoita zvekushanda vachirima mbesa
dzakasiyana-siyana sefodya vachitengesa. Mufananidzo wechitatu unoratidza
munhu anoita basa rekunyora zvinyorwa zvake zvekuzvifungira zvakaita semabhuku,
nhetembo nezvimwewo. Ko iwe, nderipi basa rauonofarira kana kuti raunogona
kuita kuti uwane cheuviri? Hakuna chinouya wega wakagara mwachewe.

Zvino chimboverenga detembo rinotevera uzvinzwire kukosha kwekushanda

nesimba

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Kuwana hudikitira mwana wekubereka,
Usagarire maoko nekuti nhamo ingakubatise maneka,
Upenyu hukazoita hwekutonerera semuto wemunzara.
Chenjera kuzoyeuka bindu vamwe vakohwa kare.

Usazeza kana kuzengurira kubata basa gukutu,

Nekuti mvura inoshinyira ndeiri pazambuko.
Shingirira nekuti chidokodoko chireramuviri,
Chikuru chinozouya wakora.

Usatye kubayiwa netsotso nekuti mangwana uchatuta,

Matura ugoparura nemaguta nerugare.
Kutemura hako nhasi asi washinga uchasevawo,
Rangarira kuti mberi kwenzara maguta.
Mwanangu, hubvu hayiwire mukanwa megava rivete,
Punyaira mwanangu mangwana hauzoshayawo musodzi.
Badza watyora, magariro ako achange Ashe,
Nekuti murugare unenge wati teshe.
Usaone vese vakati murugare njo-o,
Ukati upfumi hwakangoti pavari doo,
Asi kuti matambudziko vakambotsukutsana nawo.
Usanete, shingirira nekuti kuwana hudikitira.

(P.G Macheka kubva muna Tipeiwo Dariro)

Zvino kana waverenga detembo iri chinyararire, zvichakubatsira kuti uverenge

uchidudza mazwi kumunhu ari pedyo newe. Munhu wauri kuverengera anofanirwa
kunakidzwa nedetembo iri nekuda kwemaverengero aunenge uchiriita.

Detembo iri, kana wanyatsoriverenga ukarinzwisisa, uchaona kuti riri kutaura

pamusoro pekushanda nesimba zvinounza pundutso muhupenyu. Vanhu vari
pamifananidzo yatati uongorore vari kushanda nesimba mumigodhi, mumunda
nekunyora zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Vakuru vedu vakatidzidzisa kuburikidza
netsumo dzavo pavaiti kuwana hudikitira. Vakati zvakare, hapana inofurira ivete.
Munhu ngaazvishandire kuti ashandure ega hupenyu hwake. Muhupenyu hapana
chinouya chega wakagara. Zvese zvaungade unototi uzvishandire pasina izvozvo
ndipo patinozoona vanhu vachiita mabasa akaipa kuti vawane chouviri. Ndeapi
mabasa aya? Tinoreva aya anoratidza kurasika kwehunhu hwemunhu. Tinofunga
wawana mabasa akaita sekuba kana kuita chipfambi. Tinoti kwete, munhu
ngaashande mabasa ake ekuzvifungira. Tinotenda kuti panguva ino wava kuziva
kuti kushanda chete hakusi kushanda pakambani uchihoreswa kupera kwemwedzi
kwete, tiri kuti tasvika pekuti munhu wese ngaaite basa rake rinomupa raramo, ari
iye mukuru webasa iri.

Kana wanzwisisa detembo iri, mibvunzo inotevera ichakubatsirazve kuwedzera

ruzivo pamusoro pezvawaverenga mudetembo iri.

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 Zvokuita 22.1.1
a) Ipa detembo iri musoro wakakodzera (1)
b) Doma zvinhu zviviri zvanzi zvinowanikwa kana munhu ashanda nesimba (2)
c) Zvii zvinosanganikwa nazvo zvinopedza samba mukuedza kushanda nesimba?
(2)
d) Tsanangura ndevo dzinotevera sekushandiswa kwadzakaitwa mudetembo
i) usagarire maoko
ii) mberi kwenzara maguta
iii) hubvu hayiwire mukanwa megava rivete
iv) chenjera kuzoyeuka bindu vamwe vakohwa kare. (8)
e) Nyora ndevo iri mudetembo inoreva kuti munhu haafanirwe kutya kuita chero
basa zvaro zvisineyi nekukura kwaro nekuti kukura kwazvo kuwanawo zvizhinji
(2)
f) Ipa tsumo mbiri dziri mudetembo dzinoreva zvakafanana ugopa dudziro
yacho (3)
g) Donongodza zvikonzero zvingapiwa nevanhu vasingade kushanda
muhupenyu (2)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Ndinovimba kuti wawana mhinduro dzakada kufanana nedzinotevera kana usina

usawore mwoyo. Dzokororazve kuverenga detembo iri uchiyenzanisa nemhinduro
dziri pano;
a) Kushanda nesimba / kushanda kuti ubudirire
b) Maguta nerugare
c) Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana nekurwadziwa nekushanda
d) Tsanangura zvirungamutauro zvinotevera sekushandiswa kwazvakaitwa
mudetembo
i) Usaite usimbe
ii) Ukashanda unowana chekudya pawaimbochishaya
iii) Hapana chinouya chega usina kuchishandira
iv) Usazodemba kuti dai wakashanda apo vamwe vava kudya
zvavakashandira pawaive wakagara
e) Usazeza kana kuzengurira kubata basa gukutu, nekuti mvura inoshinyira ndeiri
pazambuko
f) Kutemura hako nhasi asi washinga uchasevawo
h. mberi kwenzara maguta
tsumo idzi dzinoreva kuti kutambudzika nekushaya chekudya kungavapo
nhasi asi kuburikidza nekushanda nesimba mangwana zvinoshanduka
ukazowanawo nekuguta
g) Kutya kutanga kuita chimwe chinhu pamwe nekuti hatina pekutangira,
usimbe

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Kana usina kuwana mhinduro sedziri pamusoro apo, usawora hako
mwoyo. Ndinoda kuti udzokorore zvekare kuverenga detembo iro kusvika
wanyatsorinzwisisa kunyanya zvirungamutauro zvakashandiswamo.

22.1.2 Zvokuita
Kana waverenga detembo, wapindura mibvunzo nekuridzokororazve, ndinoda kuti
uchiedzawo kunyora detembo rako rinosimbisa pfungwa huru yekushanda nesimba
yabuda iyi. Ita tsvakurudzo yako yezvinowanikwa nevanhu vanenge vashingirira
kushanda nesimba. Woitazve tsvakurudzo yevaya vasingade kushanda nesimba kuti
vanowanzowirwa nematambudziko akaita sei muhupenyu. Kana wahwerengedza
pfungwa dzako, ndinoda kuti uchinyora rako detembo uchiyanika pachena pfungwa
huru. Shandisawo zvirungamutauro kuti detembo rako rive rakapfuma uyewo
rinakidze.

22.1.3 Kuverenga nhetembo

Ndinoda kuti uverenge detembo riri muchikamu chino zvinonzwikwa newauri pedyo
naye uchinyatsodudza mazwi ako. Verenga uchisimudza musoro uchitarisa chiso
chemuteereri wako kuti chiri kutaura kuti chii kwauri pamusoro pezvauri kuverenga.
Tarisa zvinhu zvinotevera pamuteereri wako:
• Ari kufambisa maziso here?
• Ari kuita seanotevedzera achiedzesera nokushandisa muviri wake here?
• Ari kuita kakugutsirira here?
• Ko pamuromo pane kanyemwerero here?
• Ko ari kuratidza kudzamisa pfungwa here nezvauri kumuverengera izvo?

Kana zvose kana zvimwe zvezviri pamusoro zvaitika, zviomberere maoko ufarisise
nokuti wagona kuverenga nhetembo. Nhetembo inodakadza kunzwa kana
ikaverengwa nemazvo. Haiverengwe seuri kuverenga bhuku renyaya kwete,
asi kuti detembo kana richiverengwa rinobata manzwira ose ari pamunhu anoti
kubata, kunzwa, kutaura, kuravira nekuona. Naizvozvo, unoda kugona kuverenga
nhetembo zvinonakidza vateereri. Zvimiso zvose zvinoda kutevedzerwa sezvazviri,
pane turabefu (,) wombozorora asi usingadimbure chirevo. Kanawo wasvika
pachindaguma wombomirawo, pane hwidzazwi wokwidzawo izwi.

Ngatitorei semuenzaniso ndima yekutanga iyo

Kuwana hudikitira mwana wekubereka,
Usagarire maoko nekuti nhamo ingakubatise maneka,
Upenyu hukazoita hwekutonerera semuto wemunzara.
Chenjera kuzoyeuka bindu vamwe vakohwa kare.

Chirevo chekutanga icho chine zvirevo zvitatu zvakabatanidzwa nezviturabefu.

Chirevo chekutanga chekuti.

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Kuwana hudikitira mwana wekubereka, chinoverengwa nezwi rakaderera kuti
usavhundutsira muteereri
Chirevo chinotevera wava kukwidza izwi pazwi rekutanga iro sokuti,
Usagarire maoko……
Chimwe chipandi chechirevo ichi wozoita kakudzikisa izwi
…..nekuti nhamo ingakubatise maneka
Zvimwe chetezvo nechirevo chekupedzisira
Upenyu hukazoita hwekutonerera semuto wemunzara.

Zvino chiedzawo kuita seizvi mumandima asara ayo. Kana wagona wava nyanzvi
yekuverenga nhetembo. Chero nhetembo yauchazosangana nayo rangarira kuti ine
maverengerwo akasiyana nenyaya.

22.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro: Dzokororo yemazwi, ndevo

nepfungwa
Sezvawaona munhanganyaya yechitsauko chino, chinangwa chechikamu
chino ndechekupa ruzivo rwekuti ukwanise kuzvinyorerawo zvinyorwa zvako
zvaunozvifungira wega kuti ubudirire muhupenyu. Izvi zvinoda unyanzvi
hwakatsanangurika hunobva paruzivo rwekushandisa mutauro nemazvo. Chikamu
chino chichakuratidza imwe nzira yekushandisa mutauro inoratidza kuti wava
neruzivo rwune udzamu rwerurimi rwamai.

Wakamboona pawaikura kuti kana

mai vako vachida kusimbisa pfungwa
yavari kuda kutaura kwauri vanoita sei?
Ngatibvirei pakukudaidza chaipo. Ngatitorei
muenzaniso wekuti unonzi Tatenda. Ukanzwa
amai vachiti Tatenda, Tatenda, Tatenda iwe
uri padhuze navo zvinenge zvichireva kuti
chii kwauri?

Vanoti vapedza kutaura nyaya yavo

unonzwazve vachiti, ‘Wanzwa here?
Wanzwa? Wazvinzwa?’ zviri pachenaka kuti
pane dzokororo yemazwi nepfungwa imwe
chete. Ndizvozvo chaizvo. Pakushandisa
mutauro wedu pangava pakunyora kana
pakutaura pane nguva yekuti panoitika
kakudzokorora izwi, ndevo kana pfungwa
imwe chete. Usati wapfuurira mberi
nekuverenga, tinoda kuti umborangarira
mashoko akadzokororwa kungava
kwauri kana kune mumwe munhu asi iwe
wakateerera.

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 Zvokuita 22.2.1
Zvino tinoda kuti uchipindura mibvunzo inotevera tozopfuurira zvedu mberi
nechikamu chino
• Mashoko akadzokororwa aya anoti kudii?
• Mashoko aya aitaurwa nani?
• Ndiani aiudzwa mashoko aya?
• Aive ita sei kuti audzwe mashoko akadzokororwa seaya?
• Nemhaka yei mashoko aya akadzokororwa?

Tinovimba kuti pane zvawanyora pamusoro zvakujekera ndezvekuti, mashoko kana

mazwi anodzokororwa kuburitsa simbiso yezviri kutaurwa nezvazvo. Naizvozvo
zvakakosha kuti kana uchinyora zvinyorwa zvako zvakasiyana-siyana dzingava
nhetembo, mitambo kana mabhuku enyaya unotarisirwa kushandisawo dzokororo
kusimbisa pfungwa. Uchaona zvakare kuti paunoverenga zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-
siyana ukasangana nedzokororo wobva waziva kuti pane chiri kuda kusimbiswa
pano. Zvino kana wakangwara unoda kutoteereresa kana kudzokorora kuverenga
kuti ujekerwe nepfungwa iri kuda kusimbiswa.

Zvokuita 22.2.2
Zvino, ndinoda kuti umbonyatsoongorora zvirevo zvinotevera;
i) Mwana umwe neumwe ngaauye nebhuku rake rekunyorera basa
ii) Musarasire marara pose pose
iii) Ambuya vakati kuna Kuda, ‘Ndinoda kuti uteerere kana ndichitaura
newe, usaisa zvitanda munzeve, uri kundinzwa here?’
iv) Handina basa naye, handina basa naye ini, akadaro Vimbai
v) Sekuru vakati, ‘Sadza kupinda kwaro, kunge rakatsigirwa nomuto,
ndati, dumbu kufutunuka kudya nyama.’

a) Kubva pazvirevo zviri pamusoro, ndinoda kuti unyurure mazwi, ndevo kana
pfungwa dzakadzokororwa uchibva waratidza kuti izwi here, indevo kana
chirevo. Ipazve katsananguro kezviri kusimbiswa zvacho (10)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Ndinovimba wawana zvinotevera;

i) Umwe neumwe - dzokororo yezwi/ umwe kusimbisa kuti mwana wese

azvimiririre

ii) Pose pose - dzokororo yezwi/ pose kusimbisa kuti marara

asaraswe pano neapo

163
iii) Ndinoda kuti uteerere, usaita zvitanda munzeve - dzokororo yepfungwa
yekuteerera

iv) Handina basa naye, handina basa naye - dzokororo yechirevo chiri kusimbisa
kuramba

v) Sadza kupinda kwaro kunge rakatsigirwa nemuto. Dumbu kufutunuka kudya

nyama - dzokororo yepfungwa yekukosha kwenyama

Kana wadai, wagona chose. Zvino ndinoda kuti pose paunoverenga zvinyorwa
zvakasiyana-siyana utarise mazwi, zvirevo kana pfungwa dzakadzokororwa idzi
woedzawo kujekesa pfungwa dziri kuda kusimbiswa nemunyori.

22.3 Maumbirwo emutauro- mhando dzenyaudzosingwi

Tinovimba wakabata mamwe maumbirwo enyaudzosingwi dzatakaita muchitsauko
chakapfuura. Zvino muchitsauko chino, tinoda kuti uzive kuti kune mhando
dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyaudzosingwi ugojekerwa zvino nemaumbirwo emhando
imwe neimwe. Kune mhando shanu dzenyaudzosingwi dzinoti;
a) Nyaudzosingwisiri
b) Nyaudzosingwi dzinoumbwa kubva kune mapazi emutauro weChiShona
c) Nyaudzosingwi dzakadzokororwa
d) Nyaudzosingwi dzepfumvunuro
e) Nyaudzosingwi dzinoburitsa muririro wechinhu

Ndinoda kuti uchitarisa mhando imwe neimwe woedza kudoma nyaudzosingwi

dzinopinda muzvikwata izvi usati wapfuurira mberi nekuverenga.
Zvino, ndava kutsanangura mhando imwe neimwe zvizere. Zvichakubatsirawo
kupota uchiwedzera mienzaniso pane inenge yapiwa neimwe yakowo kuratidza kuti
wanzwisisa zvawaverenga.

a) Nyaudzosingwisiri/ Nyaudzosingwi dzisingadzokororwe

Idzi ndidzo nyaudzosingwi dzaunoziva dzimwe dzacho wakatombodziita

muchitsauko chakapfuura. Nyaudzosingwi idzi dzakangogara dzakadaro. Hadzina
kumwe kwadzinobva kana zvimwewo zviri padziri zvingada kutsanangurwa
zvinopfuura zvagara zvichizivikanwa zvinova zvekujekesa maitikiro nemamiriro
echinhu. Nyaudzosingwi idzi dzinogonawo kunzi Dzisingadzokororwe Idzi ndidzo
dzinosanganisira dzinotevera;
go - kugara
bvu - kuseka
mwiro - kunyarara

164
tuzu - kutarisa kwemunhu apererwa
mbikiti- kumira
piriviri - kutsvuka

Nyaudzosingwi idzi dzinoumbwa nenyaudzosingwi chete.

b) Nyaudzosingwi dzinoumbwa kubva kune mapazi emutauro weChiShona

Mamwe mapazi emutauro ndiwo aya awakambosangana nawo muzvitsauko
zvakapfuura. Ndinovimba uchiri kumayeuka. Kana wamakanganwa
ndinokukurudzira kuti umbodzokerako zvakare unomaona udzose ndangariro
dzako. Zvino nyaudzosingwi dzinokwanisa kuumbwa kubva kumidzi yezviito
nekumadzitsi ezvipauro.

i) Kubva pamidzi yezviito

Rangarira kuti takati nyaudzosingwi dzinojekesa maitikiro echinhu naizvozvo

nyaudzosingwi dzinokwanisa kungoumbwa kubva pachiito ichocho sokuti,
Famba chiito, tinokwanisa kumba nyaudzosingwi yekuti fambe kana fambei

Akafamba (chiito)
Akati fambe (nyaudzosingwi)

Zviito zvakawanda zvinokwanisa kuumba nyaudzosingwi nenzira iyi. Imboedzawo

kuumba nyaudzosingwi dzako kubva pazviito
zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidza kuti wanzwisisa.

Ndinovimba wawana dzinotevera:

mire, mirei kubva pamudzi wechiito -mir-

tore, torei kubva pamudzi wechiito -tor-
dzime, dzimu kubva pamudzi wechiito -dzim-
tsvedzei, tsvedzenu kubva pamudzi wechiito -tsvedz-

Ndinodaira kuti waona kuti pane tumavara twuri kuwedzerwa pamudzi wechiito
twuri kuzoita kuti tive nenyaudzosingwi.
-e, -ei, -u, na -enu.
Izvi ndizvo zvatinoti zviumbanyaudzosingwi. Basa razvo nderekushandura zviito kuti
zvive nyaudzosingwi
Ngatitorei muenzaniso wemudzi wechiito -dzim-. Tinokwanisa kuumba chiito dzima.
-a ari pachiito ichi ndiyo nzvovera yekupedzisira. Naizvozvo kana tava kuda kuumba
nyaudzosingwi tinotsiva -a uyo neumbanyaudzosingwi -u kuti tive nenyaudzosingwi
dzimu.

165
Maumbirwo
Mudzi wechiito + umbanyaudzosingwi > nyaudzosingwi yaumbwa

-famb- -ei fambei

-tsvedz- -enu tsvedzenu
-tor- -e tore
-dzim- -u dzimu

ii) Kubva pamadzitsi eZvipauro

Zvimwe chetezvo nezvatabva mukutsanangura pamusoro, tinokwanisa kuumba

nyuadzosingwi kubva kumadzitsi ezvipauro nekuwedzera zviumbanyaudzosingwi
zvakakodzera.
Somuenzaniso:
tsvuke , tsvukuru, tsvukuruku kubva padzitsi rechipauro rekuti tsvuku
chene, cheneru kubva padzitsi rechipauro chena

Maumbirwo
Dzitsi rechipauro + umbanyaudzosingwi > nyaudzosingwi yaumbwa

-chena -e chene
-tsvuku -ru tsvukuru
-pfumbu -ru pfumburu

c) Nyaudzosingwi dzakadzokororwa
Idzi dziri nyore chose nokuti kungodzokororwa kwenyaudzosingwi imwe chete
bedzi sezvawakangoona muchitsauko chapfuura. Somuenzaniso
mba inogona kudzokororwa kaviri kana katatu kuti,
mba mba kana kuti mba mba mba
nga nga nga
tambe tambe
seke seke
ro ro ro
Chitsvagawo dzimwe dzakowo udzidzokorore saizvozvi.

166
 Maumbirwo
Nyaudzosingwi + Nyaudzosingwi
tambe tambe
mba mba
rongondo rongondo
Nyaudzosingwi + Nyaudzosingwi + Nyaudzosingwi
ro ro ro
nga nga nga

d) Nyaudzosingwi dzepfumvunuro
Kupfumvunura kudzosera zvinhu panzvimbo yazvo yazvanga zviri pekutanga
pasati paitwa chimwe chinhu. Naizvozvo tine nyaudzosingwi dzinojekesa
chiito chekupfumvunura. Somuenzaniso:
koche - kochono
turi - turunu
sunge - sungunu
kiye- kiyinu

Kana uchiri kuyeuka kurebeso dzezviito takambotaura pamusoro perebeso

dzepfumvunuro idzo dzinoonekwa na-anu-, enu-,-inu-,-ono- na-unu-.

Izvi ndizvo zvivakamberi zvinongoshandazve kuumba nyaudzosingwi

dzepfumvunuro. Apa, zvivakamberi izvi zvinongotsiva nzvovera
dzekupedzisira panyaudzosingwi dzagara dziripo zvobva zvatounza pfungwa
itsva yekupfumvunura.
Sokuti:
Nyaudzosingwi turi kuti ive yepfumvunuro kutsiva nzvovera /-i/ nezvivakazwi
zvepfumvunuro
/-unu/ tobva taumba turunu

Turi tur- + -unu >turunu

sunge sung-+-unu >sungunu
kiye kiy-+-inu >kiyinu

167
e) Nyaudzosingwi dzinoburitsa muririro wechinhu
Idzi inyaudzosingwi dzinojekesa maungira kana muririro wechinhu sokuti,
• Kukurigo-o
• Ngirrrrr
• Tsviriri
• Ngendengende

Zvokuita 22.3.1
Kuti tichiona kana wabata mhando dzenyaudzosingwi dzataita pamusoro, tinoda
kuti uchiedza kupindura mibvunzo inotevera

Nyatsoongorora zvirevo zviri pazasi wozopindura mibvunzo inozvitevera

(i) Mukaka wakati weke kuchena.

(ii) Chipo akati muriwo tanhau mubindu ndokuti fambei nenzira yekumba.
(iii) Foni payakangoti ngirirrr, akabva angoti nyaya yose fushunu.
(iv) Mbavha payakati nonge kabhegi kemusikana, yakabva yanzi dzvi ruoko
nemupurisa.
(v) Chitima chati wiiii sekuru vachibva vamhanyira kuchiteshi.
(vi) Masoja anopfeka zvakati pfumburu zvokuti havaoneke nyore muuswa hurefu
(vii) Mwana akapinda mumba akati cheneru achibva kunotamba panze nevamwe
a) Nyora nyaudzosingwi dzose dziri muzvirevo zviri pamusoro (5)
b) Ronga nyaudzosingwi dzemhando imwe chete padzo dzega. Ipa zita
remhando yega yega (5)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba wawana mhinduro dzakadai. Senguva dzose kana usina usanetseke

zvako, tora nguva yako unyatsodzokorora basa iri zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika
wazvibata.
a) (i) weke
(ii) tanhau, fambei
(iii) ngirirrr, fushunu
(iv) nonge, dzvi
(v) wiiii,
(vi) pfumburu
(vii) cheneru (5)
b) Nyaudzosingwi dzisingadzokororwe weke, dzvi

168
Nyaudzosingwi dzepfumvunuro
tanhau, fushunu

Nyaudzosingwi dzinobva muchiito/mumudzi wechiito

nonge, fambei

Nyaudzosingwi dzinobva muzvipauro

cheneru, pfumburu

Nyaudzosingwi dzemuririro wechinhu

wiiii, ngirirr (5)

22.4 Rondedzero: Mabasa okuzvifungira

Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-
siyana zvinobatsira

Muzvitsauko zvakapfuura tinovimba wakawana ruzivo rwakakura pamusoro

pekunyora mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzerondedzero. Idzi dzaisanganisira
dzekupa pfungwa, dzetsananguro, dzekurondedzera nyaya yakaitika, mhan’aro,
nhaurwa, tsamba, hurukuro nekupawo maonero ako.

Tinovimba zvakare kuti wakaziva chimiro cherondedzero nemanyorero akanaka

anotarisirwa pakunyora. Ruzivo rwese urwu rwaikugadzirira kusvika pachitsauko
chino chinokosha. Unyanzvi hwawakawana hwekunyora uhu haufanirwi kungoperera
parondedzero chete nekuti ugonyora bvunzo wopasa woenderera mberi, kwete.

169
Bumbiro idzva renyika riri kukurudzira kuti hazvinei nekuti uri kudzidza ChiShona,
unotarisirwa kuti uve nehumwe unyanzvi hwaunowana hunozokupa chouviri
muupenyu hwako.

Muchitsauko chino tichatarisa mabasa okuzvifungira uchishandisa unyanzvi

hwekunyora hwawakawana muzvidzidzo zvapfuura. Mabasa okuzvifungira ndiwo aye
ekuti munhu anochihwerengedza zvose zvaakadzidza kuumba chinhu chake omene
chine zita rake. Mabasa aya anosanganisira zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana izvo
zvinotarisirwa nepakuru kuti munhu azodhindisa zvoshambadzwa zvotengeswawo
kuti uwane chouviri pazviri.

Panguva ino ndinoda kuti umbofunga mabasa okuzvifungira aungaita uchimanyora

pasi sekuuya kwaari kuita mumusoro mako semunhu ava nezvakati wandei zvawava
kuziva kusvika patava apa. Zvingava zvekunyora kana zvigadzirwa.

Ndinovimba wafunga zvakaita sezvinotevera;

• Kunyora mabhuku enyaya
• Kunyora nhetembo dzakawanda-wanda
• Kunyora mitambo yakasiyana-siyana
• Kunyora tunyaya twupfupi
• Kutanga pepanhau rako
• Kushandisa tekinoroji kugadzira nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoenda
paindaneti nezvimwewo
• Kuimba nziyo dzeChiShona dzine dzidziso

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Kana wawana zvakadai izvi aiwa uri mugwara chairo. Ndizvozvo chaizvo zvinotarisirw
kuti mushure mekudzidza zvirungamutauro zvose zviya unoda kuzozvishandisawo
kuti uwane chouviri. Zvakapera zviya zvokunzi vanhu vanodzidza ChiShona
vanozongoguma dzava n’anga chete, hakunazve zvimwe zvavangaita. Aiwa bodo
kwete ndararmba. Unokwanisa kutovawo nyanduri kana munyori ane mukurumbira
chaiwo sezvakaita vanaJ.C Kumbirai, T.K Tsodzo, R Mashiri nevamwewo.
Unokwanisa zvakare kuva muimbi ane mukurumbira uchinyora nekuimba nziyo
dzako dzinodzidzisa nekuvaraidza vanhu sezvakaitwa nemushakabvu VaO. Mtukudzi
nezvinoitwa nanaMbuya Stella Chiweshe kana vanhasi vanaJah Prayza, Tocky vibes
nevamwewo vaunoziva.

Mufananidzo waVaTsodzo munyori mukuru wezvinyorwa zveChiShona.

Tinovimba kuti kusvika patasvika pano wava nechakowo chawava kunzwa kuda
kuzviitira. Kana wadaro uri mugwara chairo.

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 Zvokuita 22.4.1
Zvino usati watanga basa rako rekuzvifungira iri , ndinoda kuti umboedza
kupindura mibvunzo inotevera. Mibvunzo iyi ichakubatsira kubuda nebasa
rako chairo chairo rioenderana newe.
i) Nderipi basa rekuzvifungira raunoda kuzviitira?
ii) Nemhaka yei wasarudza basa iri pane mamwe?
iii) Nderwupi ruzivo rwawakawana muzvitsauko zvakapfuura rwuchakubatsira
kuita basa rako iri?
iv) Ndivanani vakamboita zvakada kufanana nezvauri kuda kuita iwewe?
v) Uchakwasha rumwe ruzivo kupi kuti ugobudirira pabasa rako iri?

Kana wakwanisa kupindura mibvunzo yose iyi, wava kukwanisa zvino kutanga basa
rako iri womene.

Chenjedzo

• Zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti hautenderwe kuba basa roumwe munhu uchiriita
rako, zvinosungisa
• Unoda kuzvifungira basa rako wega raunofunga kuti hakuna akamborinyora
semanyorero aunenge waita zvimwe chetezvo nekuimba kana kugadzira
• Unoda kushanda nesimba nekuti vakuru vedu vakati kufa kwemurume kubuda
ura.
• Tsvagawo mun hu anogona kukubatsira kunyanya uyo ari mugwara rebasa
raunodawo iwewe.
• Ziva kodzero dzako pamusoro pemabasa okuzvifungira sokuti hapana
anotenderwa kukubira basa rako achiriita rake musina kutenderana
• Gona kushambadza basa rako kutangira munharaunda maunogara kusvika
zvazara nyika yose kana kupfuura.
• Shandisawo tekinoroji pose panobvira kuitira kuti ukwanisewo kufambirana
nenguva.

22.5 Misambo - Mushandirapamwe

Wakambonzwa nezvemushandirapamwe here? Wakanaka here uye unobatsira
chiiko pakurarama? Nechinangwa chekubatsirana mabasa akasiyana-siyana,
VaShona vaiita mushandirapamwe. Panguva ipi zvayo yegore, mushandirapamwe
waiitwa mumana roga roga. Vanhu vaiungana panzvimbo imwe kuti vabatsirane
mabasa akaita sekushanyura, kusakura, kucheka, kukohwa, kupura, kuvaka
kutanhaura nzungu nemamwewo akasiyana-siyana. Kwenyu zvaiitwawo here izvi
kana kuti zvichiri kuitwa here?

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Zvinonzi kareko musha umwe neumwe waitoti utumire vanhu vaviri kana vatatu
kunobatsira mabasa aya. Hapana vaiti hatiite izvozvo. Kwaiva nekubatana
kwechokwadi. Vaizoshanda vachikurukura nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana nekukurudzirana
kushanda panguva imwe chete. Donzvo guru remushandirapamwe kana kuti
nhimbe kana hoka raiva rekubatsirana mabasa kuti zvisakurire munhu mumwe kana
mhuri imwe. Naizvozvo basa raiitwa muchinguvana zvisinganyanyorwadzi. Vapedza
vaizosimbisa ukama nekudya nekunwa doro pamwe chete. Vakuru vedu vanoti,
ukama igasva hunozadziswa nekudya. Zvaive zvakanakawo nekuti simba zhinji
rinenge rasara mumunda raida kuzodzorerwa nekudya nekunwa.

Zvino panguva ino ndinoda kuti uchindipawo zvaunofunga kuti zvaibatsira kana kuti
zvainge zvakanakira mushandirapamwe. Tora nguva yako uchinyatsofungisisa kuti
zvakanakira kushanda pamwe chete zvii chaizvo. Seiko vakuru vedu vaikoshesa tsika
iyi mukugarisana kwavo?

Ndinovimba wadoma dzimwe pfungwa pane dzinotevera:

• Kubatsirana basa rakakura pasina mubhadharo
• Kupedza basa rakakura munguva pfupi
• Kusimbisa ukama neushamwari
• Kutandara nekuyeuchidzana tsika dzakanaka
• Vamwe vaitobva kunhimbe vawana vadiwa vavo
• Kukurudzirana pakushanda kuti vamwe vasapera simba
• Kukurudzira humwe nekubatana
• Kuita makwikwi ekushanda asi zvichitofambisa basa.

Nhasi uno kumamisha, vanhu vashoma vachiri kuita mushandirapamwe. Vazhinji

vave kutsvaga vanoshanda basa iri vachivapawo mubhadharo. Hakuchisina
chemahara vakuru vakati kare haagare ari kare.
Ngatichipindai munyika yatava kurarama nhasi, tingaite sei mushandirapamwe
kuti tibudirire? Rangarira patatanga chitsauko chino tawonesana kuti, basa rikaitwa
nenyanzvi mbiri kana kudarika rinobuda rakakwenenzverwa zviri nani pane kunge
raitwa nemunhu mumwe chete.
Vanhu vangabatane pane zvipi muhupenyu kana mumabasa atinoita?
• Vaimbi - vanogona kubatana vakaburitsa nziyo dzinonakidza zvikuru
Domawo vaimbi vane mukurumbira vaunoziva vakabatana nenziyo
dzavakaimba

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 Mufananidzo waJah Prayza naWinky D

• Vanyori vemabhuku - nyanzvi dzekushandisa mutauro dzinogonawo kubatana

dzikabudisa zvinyorwa zvemandorokwati. Ukatarisa mabhuku akawanda
kunyanya anoshandiswa nevadzidzi muzvikoro uchaona kuti pakaita
mubatanidzwa wevanyori vakaburitsa zvakanakisa chose.
Domawo vanyori vakabatana vakanyora zvinyorwa zvakasiyana- siyana.

Mufananidzo webhuku rakanyorwa nevanyori vasere.

• Vanamuzvinabhizimusi - vane unyanzvi hwezvekutenga nekutengeserana

vanokwanisawo kubatana pabasa ravo vakatambanudza bhizimusi ravo. Izvi
zvinoita kuti vaise zviwanikwa zvavo pamwe chete zvakaita semari unyanzi
174
 nezvimwe zvinodikanwa pakufambisa basa ravanenge vachiita. Ongorora
mudunhu menyu kana kufungawo vanamuzvinabhizimusi vakabatana.
Somuenzaniso TM pakaita mubatanidzwa nePick n Pay. Iko zvino yakura
zvokuti. Tinotenda kuti wakamboona pairi muno muZimbabwe uye
nemakuriro ayaita.

• Mabasa emubatanidzwa/ makoparetivhi - Iyi imwe yenzira

dzomushandirapamwe dzava kuitwa mazuva ano. Kazhinji mibatanidzwa
iyi iri kuitwa nemadzimai nevechidiki. Donzvo guru remakoparetivhi
nderekusimudzira mapoka ayo anotarisirwa pasi asina zvaanoita zvinounza
budiriro yehupenyu. Vamwe vanounganidza mari yavo votanga bhizimusi
ravo. Vamwewo ndivo vanoenda kumabhanga vonopiwa mari yekutangisa
vachizoidzosera havo padiki padiki nekuwana kwavanenge vachiita.
Mibatanidzwa mizhinji yatekeshera ndiyo yekuchengeta huku neyekurima
miriwo yakasiyana-siyana. Hapana inofurira ivete mukoparetivhi. Mumwe
nemumwe ane chake chaanoita chinoita kuti bhizimusi risimukire.
Vanozoshambadza zvirimwa kana zvipfuyo zvavo, vozvitengesa. Zvavanenge
vawana vodzosera imwe mari mubhizimusi, imwe kubhanga kana vakakwereta
kozoti inenge yasara vogovana. Ndinovimba kuti kusvika pano wava
kujekerwa nebasa remubatanidzwa iri zvokuti unogona kutofungawo mapoka
ari munharaunda yenyu ari kuita mabasa aya.

175
Boka riri kuchengeta huku

Mibatanidzwa yakanaka zvikuru sezvatamboona kumusoro uko pataongorora

mushandirapamwe waiitwa pasichigare. Taona kuti,
• kubata basa makawanda kunorerutsa basa zvikuru
• Kunovandudza goho renyu.
• Basa rawaigona kutora nguva yakareba uchiita uri wega kana mawanda
nguva inoderedzeka.

Patasvika pano tava kuda kumboonesana matambudziko anogona kusanganikwa

nawo mukuita basa makabatana. Ndinoda kuti unyatsofungisisa pamwe
nekubvunzawo hama shamwari neavo vari munharaunda yenyu vari kuzviitawo.
a) Panogona kuita makakatanwa pakati pevanhu vabatana ava pamusoro
pezvakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira maitirwo ezvimwe zvinhu, mari kana
mabasa acho. Vanhu vakasiyana- siyana uye vane maonero akasiyanawo.
b) Hutungamiriri hunodiwa nevazhinji, naizvozvo panogona kuita dambudziko
rehutungamiriri
c) Basa rinogona kunonoka kufamba nekuda kwekuti munhu wese anenge
achida kuisawo pfungwa yake. Naizvozvo kuburitsa chinhu chimwe chete
kunogona kutora nguva yakareba pane kuti angozvifungira zvaari kuda obva
angoita.
d) Panogonazve kuita zvikwata mukati meboka rimwe chete iri. Zvikwata izvi
zvinogona kukonzera kusafamba kwezvinhu sezvo vachikwanisa kurwisa
pfungwa dzevamwe.

176
Kunyangwe zvazvo matambudziko aripo, kubatana kwakakosha uye matambudziko
aya anokwanisa kukundika. Vanhu vanongoda kudzidza kuremekedza maonero
akasiyana avanoita zvinhu.

22.5.1 Zvokuita
Tinoda kuti uite tsvakurudzo yebasa remubatanidzwa raungaita nevamwe
vakowo rinogona kukupai chouviri. Kuti mubudirire, imbonowonaiwo zviri
kuitwa nemamwe mapoka ari kuita basa ramuri kuda kuzoitawo imi. Bvunzai
nekuongorora zvakawanda-wanda zvinozokubatsirai kutanga bhizimusi
renyuwo. Nyorai pasi pfungwa dzose idzi musati matanga basa renyu.

Tinovimba kuti patasvika apa wava nekujekerwa kuti, mamiriro ezvehupfumi

mazuva ano anotoda kuti vanhu vabatsirane kuti zvibude zvakanaka. Vamwe vari
kubatana kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana sezvawaona pamusoro apo. Vakuru vedu
vakatitangira vakange vazviona pavakareva vachiti, rume rimwe harikombe churu
zvichireva kuti munhu mumwe chete anokwanisa zvishoma zvinoenderana nesimba
rake chete asi vanhu vakabatana vanokwanisa chose kuita zvakakura. Tinovimba
kuti iwe nechiboka chako muchaita basa ratakupai iro mubatsirana kuriita mumwe
neumwe achiisa samba neruzivo rwake. Chinokosha chete ndechekuti munhu wese
ari pamubatanidzwa uyu aisewo samba rake. Mukadaro chete munobudirira.

22.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko

Tinovimba kuti chitsauko chino chakubatsira kuvhura meso ako pamwe
nekuvandudza ruzivo rwawagara uinarwo. Rangarira kuti takati zvidzidzo
zveChiShona hazvisi pakuti tiverengere kuzonyora bvunzo kupera kwegore chete,
kwete. Hongu kunyora bvunzo kwakanaka uye kuripo zvakare tinototarisira kuti
ukwanise kupindura mibvunzo iyoyo nemazvo ugobudirira. Pamusoro pekubudirira
mubvunzo, tinotarisirawo kuti paunopedza kuverenga zvitsauko zvedanho rino
unenge wava neruzivo rwakakura rwezvaunoshandisa muhupenyu zvingava
panguva yauri nhasi kana ichazouya. Naizvozvo chinangwa chikuru chechitsauko
chino ndechekuti uwedzere ruzivo pamusoro pezvawagara uchiziva uchizokwanisa
kuzvishandisa muhupenyu. Yeuka kuti dingindira guru rechitsauko chino ranga riri
rekuti ukwanise kushanda nesimba wozobatana nevamwe muchiburitsa chinhu
chikuru.

177
CHITSAUKO 23 UNHU NETSIKA
Zviri mukati
23.1 Pfupiso: Nhetembo-Unhu netsika
23.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro -Tsumo- kushandisa mazwi akapiwa kuumba tsumo
23.3 Maumbirwo emutauro-Mhando dzemibvunzo
23.4 Rondedzero- Zvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira - nyaya pfupi, nhetembo, makatuni
23.5 Misambo-Chinyarikani, Chisahwira, Chishamwari, Chicheche.
23.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko

Nhanganyaya
Muzvitsauko zvakapfuura ndinotenda wakadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro
peunhu netsika. Zvikamu zvose zvemutauro wechiShona zvine dzidziso huru
yazvinopa kuvanhu zvisinei nezera. Ndinovimba kuti munzwisiso, nhetembo,
rondedzero nemisambo yose yawadzidza kusvika pawava apa wava kuona kukosha
kwekuchengetedza tsika neunhu zveChiShona. Chinangwa chikuru chekuti udzidze
rurimi rwaamai hachisi chekuti ubudirire paunonyora bvunzo dzako dzekupedza
danho rino kwete.
Kana wakanyatsotevedza mutauro nemanyorerwo ari kuitwa chinyorwa chino,
ndinofunga wava nekujekerwa nekuti chinangwa chikuru ndechekuti usarase hunhu
hwako hweChiShona. kuti unzi uri munhu pane vanhu hunge uine hunhu. Hunhu
hunoonekwa pakutevedza tsika dzedu dzeChiShona pane zvose zvaunoita. Hunhu
hunoshanda pose pangava pamafaro, mumabasa, panhamo kana pakuwadzana
nevamwe.

Zvino muchitsauko chino uchanakidzwa, kutapirirwa pamwepo nekuwedzerazve

ruzivo pamusoro petsika neunhu. Zvizhinji yava yeuchidzo chete yezvawakaita
pamusoro zvinosanganisira kupfupisa nhetembo, kuumba tsumo, zvinyorwa
zvekuzvifungira pamwe nemisambo yakasiyana-siyana. Ndinokuvimbisazve kuti
uchasangana nezvimwe zvitsva zvichavandudza ruzivo rwako. Usasvetuka chikamu,
nyatsozvitevedza zvose uchaona kupindirana kwazvo. Usakanganwe donzvo
rechitsauko chino kuti nderekuumba munhu ane hunhu.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

Kuti ubudirire muchitsauko chino unoda kuva neunyanzvi hunotevera;

• kugona kuverenga
• kugona kunyora
• kufunga zvine udzamu

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 Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unotarisirwa kunge wava kukwanisa;

• Kupfupisa nhetembo nemazvo uchinyurura pfungwa huru.
• Kuumba tsumo kubva pamazwi akapiwa kana aunofunga wega
• Kutsanangura mhando dzemibvunzo
• Kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora mabasa okuzvifungira akasiyana-siyana.
• Kujekesa misambo yekutaura yakasiyana-siyana

23.1 Pfupiso - Nhetembo-unhu netsika

Tinotenda kuti pfupiso hachisi chinhu chitsva kwauri patasvika pano. Asiwo hapana
chakaipa pakuyeuchidzana nekurangaridzana kuti chinombonzi pfupiso chii uye
kuti chakanikirei muhupenyu hwedu. Wakamboona here kuti pese paitika chinhu
paine vari kuzviona kana vazviita vacho, pavanonzi varondedzere zvaitika havataure
zvose? Kana newewo ndinovimba wakazviita uye unogara uchitozviita. Ngatitorei
muenzaniso wekuti wakambobirwa pamusika weMbare rimwe gore uchienda
kumusha.

Pawakasvika kumusha kana kwawaienda wakasvikorondedzera nyaya yako kubva

uchibva kwawaibva kusvika wazobirwa nekuzosvika kwawakaita paunenge wava.
Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kunge zvakatora maawa mashanu kana matanhatu asi iwe
kana wava kuzvirondedzera kune vamwe vanga vasipo unokwanisa kutora maminishi
mashanu chete. chiiko chinenge chichiitika pakurondedzera kwako? Seiko zvichitora
nguva pfupi yakadaro kuzvitaura? Uyezve unoona here kuti pakutaura kwako izvi
pane zvichataurika kozoti zvimwe hautaure?

Ndizvozvo chaizvo. Ko ndeipi nzira yaunoshandisa kusarudza zvekutaura

nezvekusiya zvacho. Hongu unoita kushara dzatinoti pfungwa huru dzine chekuita
nechinagwa chikuru chinova icho chekubirwa kwaunenge waitwa. Zvichireva izvop
kuti zvimwe zvose zvisinei nekujekesa kubirwa mabirwo nezvakazoitika zvinofanirwa
kuurutswa zvopeperetswa nemhepo usati wazvibudisa mumuromo mako. Uku ndiko
kunonzi kupfupikisa nyaya.

Ndinofunga wawona kuti unopfupikisa zviitiko uchishara pfunga huru. Muchidimbu,

pfupiso kudimbura nyaya yakareba asi uchiburitsa zvose zvakakosha. Tichiri
pamuenzaniso watataura pamusoro uyo, ngatimboonai dzinganzi ndidzo pfungwa
huru dzaungabudise apa, tozoonazve marara atareva kuti ngaapepereswe nemhepo
aye. Tisingazive hedu zvinenge zvakaitika musi uyu sezvo usati watiudza, asi
zvinogona kupindura mibvunzo inotevera;

Pfungwa huru
• Zuva razvakaitika
• Dzaiva nguvai
• Waiendepi uinani

179
• Wakaisa chikwama chaive nemari pai
• Wakasangana nevanhu vakaita sei
• Vakakuitei
• Wakazoona sei kuti hausisina chikwama
• Ndiani akazokubatsira uye sei
• Wakazosvika sei kwawaienda

Marara
• Magezero awakaita
• Shamwari dzako dzawakasangana nadzo uri munzira
• Vanhu vaitengesa pamusika vawakati mangwanani
• Kusarudza kwawakaita bhazi rekukwira
• Mafambiro aiita bhazi iri
• Zvipfeko zvevanhu vaiva mubhazi
• Nyaya dzamaitaura mubhazi
• Nezvimwewo

Tinovimba watoonawo wega kuti zvinotoda nguva yakareba chaiyo kuti uzosvika
pamwongo wenyaya chaipo. Naizvozvo zvinoda unyanzvi hwekushara pfungwa
huru kuti utaure nyaya yakareba munguva pfupi asi uchibata zvose zvakakosha.
Tinotenda kuti wakadzidza kupfupisa nyaya yakareba kunyangwe uchiita zvekunyora
kuti ikwane pamazwi aunenge wakatarirwa. Kupfupikisa nyaya kana nhetembo
kunoshanda pazviitiko zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana muhupenyu. Pangava
pamabasa akasiyana-siyana kana mutsika dzedu dzeChiShona dzinosanganisira
pakuroora pamatare kana parufu. Tinovimba zvakujekera.

Padanho rino kunyangwe nyaya yakareba sei unonzi uinyorezve nemazwi

asingapfuure makumi mashanu chete. Muchikamu chino tiri kuda kutarisa
mapfupisirwo enhetembo. Nzira ndiyo imwe cheteyo hapana chakambosiyana.
Unosharawo pfungwa huru hazvinei kuti detembo rawanzi upfupise rakareba sei,
unotarisirwa kunyora pfungwa huru mundima imwe chete nemazwi asingapfuure
makumi mashanu chete.

Zviga zvekunyora pfupiuso zvimwe chete kunyaya pamwe nekunhetembo.

Uchiri kuzviyeuka here zviga izvi, ndinovimba kudaro. Zvino ngatichimbodzosera
ndangariro kwazviri tozvinyora pasi zvakare.

Kuti unyore pfupikiso yakanaka unofanirwa kutevedza matanho kana zviga

zvinodiwa pakuita izvi sezviri pamufananidzo unotevera. Nyatsoongorora zviri
muzvikombreredzo izvo woona kupindirana kwazvo kuti ubude nendima imwe chete
yepfupiso yakanaka.

180
 Ndima imwe Kuyerera
chete kwepfungwa

Pfungwa
huru nomwe

Kutevedza
Kusashandisa uwandu
zvirungamutauro hwemazwi
akapiwa

Kubva pamufananidzo uri pamusoro tinotenda kuti waona zvinhu zvikuru zvishanu
zvakakosha pakunyora pfupiso yakanaka. Ngatichionai matanho anoda kutevedzwa
kuti ukwanise kubuda nezvinhu zvishanu izvi kuti pfupiso yako inge yakanaka.

Matanho
• Nyatsoverenga detembo rose kekutanga kuti ungonzwa zvariri kutaura
• Verengazve detembo iri ndima nendima kuti unzwisise zviri kutaurwa
• Verengazve rwetatu uchinyora pfungwa huru iri kubuda mundima imwe
neimwe
• Pfungwa huru dzako ngadzive nomwe kana kupfuura zvishoma
• Edza kushandisa mazwi ako pakunyora pfungwa huru dzaunenge wanyurura
idzi
• Usanyurura zvirungamutauro zvakaita setsumo madimikira kana
nyaudzosingwi
• Dzokororazve kuverenga detembo nepfungwa huru dzawanyora pasi kubva
mundima imwe neimwe
• Kana wagutsikana kuti wava nepfungwa dzine musoro chiedza kekutanga
kubatanidza pfungwa idzi mundima imwe chete
• Usashandise zvirungamutauro pakubatanidza pfungwa dzako
• Batanidza zvirevo zvakareba nezvibatanidzi zvakaita sanauye, naizvozvo,nekuti
zvichingodaro

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 Verenga uwandu hwemazwi awashandisa pakandima kako. Kana akawandisa
cheka mamwe mazwi anouya seasina basa.kana ari mashoma pane imwe
pfungwa huru yaunenge wasiirira.
• Kana mazwi ako akwana kazhinji makumi mashanu chete, chitangidzazve
kunyora pfupiso yako zvakanaka nemazvo
• Kana wapedza nyora uwandu hwemazwi ose awashandisa

Kana ukatevedza matanho ose awaverenga pamusoro, uchaona kuti kupfupikisa

detembo kuri nyore chaizvo. Chikuru chinongoda kungwarirwa kunyurura
zvirungamutauro wozvinyora sepfungwa huru nekuti nhetembo kuti inzi inhetembo
yakanaka inenge izere zvirungamutauro. Naizvozvo unopda kushandisa unyanzvi
hwako hwekujekesa zviri kurehwa nanyanduri nezvirungamutauro zvaakashandisa
mudetembo rake.

Zvino, ndava kuda kuona kuti wanzwisisa matanho awaverenga pamusoro zvakadii
nekupfupisa detembo rinotevera:

Ndingati uri munhu

Ukafamba nembavha usingazodzwi umbavha,

Povobvuta zvinhu, iwe wotsikitsira pasi
Ukanzi ravirawo, unodzungudza musoro,
Ukanzi uri rema unongogutsirira zvako,
Ukanzi chitisiya wovasiya uchifara.
Ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu.

Ukafamba nenzenza usingadzitevedzeri,

Padzinonzenzereka wodzisiya dziri dzoga.
Dzikange dzokuseka wototi, makorokoto,
Zvandibvira nepi zvekusanzenzereka semi
Dai ndangogara ndisinganzenzereke zvangu,
Ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu

Ukafamba nemhondi ukasava unoponda,

Padzinobata banga, trako wokanda muhara.
Podzobudisa mapfumo rako wokanda pasi
Podzoti dzibaye wovhikirira anopondwa,
Kana dzokudzokera iwe wodzipa rimwe dama,
Ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu

Ukafamba nezvidhakwa ukasadzadzarika mumasese,

Vakange vapera iwe wonge chibwe chimire
Povovhuvhutwa iwe wonge chikomo chimire
Povopunzikira pasi iwe unosimudza
Povobatana pahuro unovatakanura,
Ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu

182
Ukanzwa makuhwa usinganhongeri mudengu,
Kuti ugondomakushoira kune mamwe mana,
Uchimhanyirirwa somunhu auya nenyama.
Vachikuti dura dengu tichiona zvirimo
Kuti vanhongerewo mudengu, vachindomwayawo.
Ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu

Ukafamba nevanenge vakarasa musoro,

Vanourozvi hwakadambuka mbariro dzose,
Madzenga zvawo asina waanombocheuka,
Iwe uchifamba usingarasewo musoro’
Uine urozvi hwakanyatsosungwa nembariro
Ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu.

Ukatukirwa zvisi zvako uchinyararisa

Wapisa nyimo dzake woti ndiwe wadzipisa,
Anenge azviriga oti wanditsvingira.
Wazvidyira mari woti ndiwe wakandibira.
Uchizviisa mundundundu risingatsemuke
Ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu

Handi nyore kutsika mumvura ukasanyorova

Kana kupinda mune utsi ukasakachidzwa
Handi nyore kutakura chidembo ukasanhuwa
Kana kuzemberea unye hukasambokuvava,
Kana kutsika chiva chigorega kukuruma.
Ukazvigona ndingati uri munhu mwana’ngu

Ndingati uri munhu Mwanangu naJ.C.Kumbirai (Mabvumira Enhetembo page

49)

Kana waverenga detembo iri, chiedza kunyurura pfungwa huru kubva pandima
imwe neimwe. Chekutanga ziva dingindira guru redetembo rawaverenga. Apa
dingindira guru nderekuraya. Mubereki ari kurayira mwana wake kuti ave neunhu
kunyangwe akava pakati pevanhu vanoita zvakaipa.

Ndima 1
• Nyanduri ari kurayira mwana wake kuti kunyangwe akava pakati pevanhu
vanoba iye asatevedzere hunhu ihwoihwo nekuti hwakaipa.

Ndima 2
• Ari kumurayirazve kuti chero akava pakati penzenza asadzitevedzere
zvadzinoita.

183
Ndima 3
• Nyanduri ari kuraira mwana wake kuti haafanirwe kuita sezvinoitwa nevanhu
vanoponda vamwe asi kutodzivirira vanoda kupondwa.

Ndima 4
• Ari kumurayirazve kuti asadzedzereke sevanhu vanodhakwa zverudzi urwu
chero akafamba navo.

Ndima 5
• Nyanduri anoraiyira mwana wake kuti asava munhu wemakuhwa anofamba
achiudza vanhu nyaya dzaasina kunzi ataure.

Ndima 6
• Ari kumurayira kuti kana ukashamwaridzana nevanenge vanopenga vachiita
zvinhu zvisina hunhu, usavatevedzera.

Ndima 7
• Nyanduri ari kurayirazve mwana wake kuti chero akapomerwa mhosva dzisiri
dzake anofanirwa kungodzikama asadzosera.

Ndima 8
• Ari kumusimbisazve kuti hazvisi nyore kufamba nevanhu vanoita zvakashata
iye achisara aine hunhu asi akazvigona anenge ari munhu akanaka.

Mazwi ose ari apa kana ukaabatanidza uchaona kuti anopfuura zana asi iwe uri
kutarisirwa kuti usare nemakumi mashanu chete. Zvava kuda unyanzvi kwekupesva
nekubwanya mazwi kuti usare nezvishoma asi, zvichibata zvose zvakakosha zviri
mudetembo iri.

Naizvozvo unokwanisa kupfupisa detembo rosara rakaita sezvizvi;

Nyanduri ari kurayira mwana wake kuti kunyangwe akava pakati pevanhu
vanoba, nzenza, vanoponda, zvidhakwa, vane makuhwa, vakarasika pfungwa,
asavatevedzera kunzi anzi ane hunhu. Kunyangwe akapomerwa mhosva
dzisiri dzake anofanirwa kungodzikama, asadzosera. Ari kumusimbisazve kuti
hazvisi nyore kufamba nevanhu vanoita zvakashata iye achisara aine hunhu asi
akazvigona anenge ari munhu akanaka ane hunhu hwakanaka.

(mazwi makumi mashanu)

Zvokuita 23.1.1
Pari zvino ndinoda kuti uedze zvekare kupfupisa detembo rinotevera uchishandisa
matanho ose atatora pamusoro apo

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Ronga mwanawe
Hupenyu hunoda kurongwa
Ukafamba chibonderere hameno hako inofa kwako.
Hauzivi here kuti zvinonzi kusaronga remangwana,
Kuronga kusabudirira?
Iwe ungaita munhu rudzii,
Anongopupurutswa nemhepo?
Yebambara ikauya nayo hutu,
Chamupupuri chikauya nacho tande.
Ungabudirira seizve?
Mangwana unozobararadza zvaenda nepamwe

Semi zvenyu vanasikana,

Mukada kuita zvavanaguramatunhu,
Muchipedza nyika rutivi,
Iyo nyika yacho ichakusvadai,
Seshato inomedza kambudzana.

Hauone here kuti nyika yaita mazino?

Inokusakadza ukaita mvemve.
Zvinogaronzi, zingizi gonyera pamwe
Maruva enyika haaperi.
Ichokwadi munhu ngaaterame,
Achinyatsoronga remangwana rake.
Woona kuti ungafambe sei,
kuti ugosvika kwaunoda.

Hautsviwo mwoyo here,

Uchiona vezera rako,
Vachivhetemedza motokari?

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Nezvikoro zvakauya izvi,
Munhu ndeanodzidzawo,
Oyambuka mhiri kwemakungwa,
Achinobhindaukawo sevamwe
Hapachina kudzvanyirirwa kwevasikana,
Mudzvanyiriri angatova iwe pachako,
Kana uri mwana wenzenza

Haufaniri kumanyirira kupinda mumba mazuva ano.

Vanotaura vanoti;
Murume wako wekutanga
Chitupa chekosi mwanawe!
Ukapinda mumba usina chitupa,
Zvichakushungurudza,
Ungaungudza misi yose,
Uchizvidemba.
Vemabhurukwa ava vanonyengedza.
Vanonyenga vachihwarara,
Vozosimudza musoro vawana
Ugoona zvaunozoitwa,
Sebhora chairo munhandare.
Zvaunoona, kutaurirwa hunyimwa,
Mbare dzokumusana

(NaMedia Mugandani, munaShoko Harivhikwi)

Pfungwa huru dzingabuda padetembo iri ndedzinoti;

• Upenyu hwemunhu wose unofanira kugadziriswa
• Tinofanirwa kuita zvose zvatinogona kuti tigadzire hupenyu hwedu
• Vanasikana vanofanirwa kusiyana nekuita zvevakomana vachiri pachikoro
• Vanofanira kuzoita zvevakomana vapasa chikoro chavo
• Vasikana vanofanirwa kuyemurawo nekushuvira kuita zvakanaka zviri kuitwawo
nevamwe vesikana sekuenda mhiri kwemakungwa nekudhiraivhawo
• Vasikana vanofanira kuroorwa vane magwaro okudzidza.

Zvino kana wabatanidza pfungwa huru unokwanisawo kuchibuda nepfupiso yakadai;

186
Upenyu hwemunhu wose unofanira kugadziriswa.
Tinofanirwa kuita zvose zvatinogona kuti tigadzire
hupenyu hwedu. Vanasikana vanofanirwa kusiyana nekuita
zvevakomana vachiri pachikoro. Vanofanira kuzoita
zvevakomana vapasa chikoro chavo. Vasikana vanofanirwa
kuyemurawo nekushuvira kuita zvakanaka zviri kuitwawo
nevamwe vesikana sekuenda mhiri kwemakungwa
nekudhiraivhawo. Vasikana vanofanira kuroorwa vane
magwaro okudzidza kuti vasazotsvinyirwa nevarume vavo.
(Mazwi makumi mashanu)

23.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro: Tsumo- kushandisa mazwi

akapiwa kuumba tsumo
Tinovimba padanho rino wava kuziva kuti tsumo chii uye dzinopinda pachikwata
chipi chemutauro. Ndizvozvo chaizvo, tsumo dziri pachikamu chezvirungamutauro.
Sezvawakanzwa pamusoro apo, kurunga kuisa munyu mumuriwo kana muusavi
kuti unake uye kuti udyike. Wakambodya muriwo usina munyu here? Wakaunzwa
sei? Unoshata ndizvo chaizvo, haudyike. Nokudaro, mutauro wedu unofanira
kurungwa netsumo pakati pezvimwewo zvirungamutauro zvakaita semadimikira,
nyaudzosingwi fananidzo neenzaniso, kuti unakidze kutaura kana kuunzwa.

Rurimi rwedu rweChiShona rwuzere neudzamu nenhapitapi zvemazwi. Rurimi

rwusina zvirungamutauro rwunenge rwakareruka rwusinganetsi kunzwisisa asi
harwunakidze

Kubva kuchitsauko chokutanga wakasangana netsumo dzakawanda dzimwe waipa

dudziro dzimwe waizadzisa, dzimwe waitsvaga dzakakafana uye, dzimwewo uchipa
dzinopikisana. Tsumo kutaura kwakadzama kunoratidza ungwaru hwemadzitateguru
edu. Dzinoratidzazve mafungiro nemagariro avo. Ndinovimba kuti wava kuziva kuti
tsumo dzaikosheswa zvikuru nevakuru vedu kubva pasichigare nekuti dzaiburitsa
zvizhinji zvakakosha pamusoro petsika neunhu, magariro pamwe nemafungiro
emunhu anonzi muShona.

Tsumo dzaiumbwa kubva pazvinhu zvaiwonekwa, zvainzwikwa, kubatwa

kana kusanganikwa nazvo mazuva ose. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira vanhu,
midziyo, mhuka, michero nezvimwewo zvisikwa zvaMusikavanhu. Kushandiswa
kwezvizivikanwa izvi kwaiita kuti ari kuudzwa uyu ave nekunzwisisa kuri nai pane
zvaanenge achiudzwa zvacho sezvo aisangana nazvo muhupenyu mazuva ose.
Somuenzaniso

Izwi - Tsubvu
Tsumo ingaumbwa
Kure kwegava ndokusina mutsubvu
Izvi zvaijekera ari kuudzwa nekuti vanhu vaiziva kuti gava rinofarira tsubvu naizvozvo

187
rwendo harwaiita refu kana kuine tsubvu chete.
Tava kukupa zvakare umwe muenzaniso. Uchaona kuti pamuenzaniso unotevera
mamwe mazwi anogona kuumba tsumo dzakawanda dzinodarika imwe chete.
Chiona pamienzaniso inotevera;

Izwi - Muti
Tsumo dzingaumbwa
• Mwoyo muti unomera paunoda.
• Charova sei chando chakwidza hamba mumuti
Kare kwaisava nekusimwa kwemiti zvava kuitwa mazuva ano izvi. Miti yaingomera
yoga payadira, naizvozvo tsumo iyo yekuti mwoyo muti yaibva yajekera ari
kudzidziswa nekuyambirwa kuti munhu unongoda wawada sezvinoita muti usina
paunoti apa. Patsumo yepiri iyo zvaijekera murairwi kuti hamba /kamba haikwiri
mumuti nyangwe zvidii, naizvozvo vaibva vaziva kuti panenge paine zvikuru
zvinenge zvakonzera.

Izwi - Shiri
Tsumo dzingaumbwa
• Kashiri kasingapambari hakanuni
• Regai dzive shiri mazai haana muto
• Shiri huru haibatwi nehundi
Vanhu vaiziva zviito zveshiri naizvozvo vainzwisisa zvairehwa netsumo idzi sezvo shiri
vaiswera vachidziona.

Izwi - Nherera
Tsumo dzingaumbwa
• Nherera inoguta musi wafa amai
• Nherera ngeisina muridzi ine muridzi inodya ichisiya.
• Nherera inozvichengeta pachayo
• Nherera inozviudza yoga
Mumana mose maitoti muve nenherera chete, naizvozvo vanhu vainzwisisa
zvairehwa netsumo idzi nekuti nherera vaigara nadzo.

Haiwa, isu tinoti, dada nemutauro wako iwe, uchipfumisa mutauro wako naidzo
tsumo idzi, ugotapirirwa nawo pakunyora kutaura nekuunzwa. Pose pashandiswa
tsumo pfungwa dzinorodzeka pakuedza kupa dudziro inozadza mukombe. Unoona
zvakare kuti pose paitaurwa tsumo, donzvo radzo guru raive rekuumba muvanhu
tsika neunhu, ndiko kusaka dzaishandiswa kuraya nekudzidzisa mazera ose zvawo.

Zvino muchikamu chino tinoda kuti udzidze kuumba tsumo uchishandisa zviye
zvatamboreva pamusoro kuti vakuru vedu vekare vaishandisa zvaizivikanwa
nevanhu izvo vaiona mazuva ose kuti vanzwisise zvaiedza kutaurwa nezvazvo uye,
zvichiita kuti kurayirwa, kudzidziswa nekutsiurwa kwavo kuve nyore. Semunhu ava
netsumo dzakati wandei dzaava kuziva, tinoda kuti umboumbawo tsumo mbiri
mbiri kubva pazvikwata zvinotevera zvemazwi. Kana wakanganwa, pota uchidzokera
kumienzaniso yakapiwa pamusoro iyo, inokubatsira kuumba tsumo idzi.

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 Zvokuita 23.2.1
Umba tsumo kubva pamazita evanhu, nhengo dzomuviri, mhuka, midziyo, zvirimwa
nemichero.
Somuenzaniso:
Izwi: nyati
Tsumo: Uswa hwenyati ndehuri mudumbu huri pamuromo inofa nahwo

a)Izwi a)Izwi a)Izwi a)Izwi

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
Tsumo Tsumo Tsumo Tsumo
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

b)Izwi b)Izwi b)Izwi b)Izwi

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
Tsumo Tsumo Tsumo Tsumo
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

a)Izwi: a)Izwi:
nzeve bere

Tsumo: Tsumo:
Kure kwemeso nzeve dzinonzwa Chinono chine ngwe,bere rinodya
richifamba

b)Izwi: b)Izwi
murume ngwena

Tsumo Tsumo
Kufa kwemurume kubuda ura. Ngwena haidyi chebamba chayo chinoza
neronga

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a)Izwi: a)Izwi:
mukombe nyemba

Tsumo: Tsumo:
Gengezha mukombe hazvienzane Maisokwazvo nyemba kutsva dzarungwa.
nekunwira mudemhe.

Zvokuita 23.2.2
Zvino ndinoda kuti uumbe tsumo dzakowo kubva pamazwi anotevera:
uswa mambo ganda mukuwasha
nyimo mombe ziso mbudzi
mbereko urema nhumbu shumba

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Izwi Tsumo
Uswa Uswa hwwenyati ndihwo huri mudumbu huri pamuromo inofa nahwo

Nyimo Akanga nyimo avangarara

Mbereko Mwana asingacheme anofira mumbereko

Mambo Mambo kudya nengoya kutsvaga uranda

Mombe Mombe chena inoparira pavete nhema

Urema Seka urema wafa

Ganda Ane ganda ane nyama hazvienzane neakabata howa

Ziso Ziso rimwe harina ukomba

Nhumbu Nhumbu mukadzi mukuru hairevi chayadya

Mukuwasha Mukuwasha mukuyu haaperi kudyiwa

Mbudzi Mbudzi kuzvarira pavanhu hunzi nditandirwe imbwa

Nzombe Nzombe huru yakabva mukurerwa

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23.3 Maumbirwo emutauro-Mhando dzemibvunzo
Tinovimba padanho rino wava neruzivo pamusoro pemaumbirwo emutauro. Wava
kuziva mazita nemaumbirwo awo, zvidudziramazita maumbirwo nemabasa azvo,
zvindori, zviito zvose kusvika pazvidudzirazviito nenyaudzosingwi, maumbirwo,
mhando nemashandisirwo adzo. Aiwa wadzidza .imbotora mukana uno
kuzvikorokotedza nebasa guru rawabata kusvika pachikamu chino.

Zvino, pano tasvika kwamvurayachekamakumbo pamaumbirwo emutauro.

Ichi ndicho chipandi chokupedzisira pamaumbirwo emutauro, Mibvunzo. Chii
chinonzi mubvunzo, wakambopindura mubvunzo nhai, newewo wakamboumbawo
mubvunzo, ndizvo here? Ndinovimba kudaro nokuti pose pose patiri. Mibvunzo
inototi ivepowo. Kuti hurukuro ifambe nemazvo, panotoda mibvunzo nemhinduro
nguva dzose.

Mubvunzo izwi kana chirevo chinoda mhinduro. Zvino, unozviona sei kuti apa pane
mubvunzo apa? Ndinotenda kuti wadavira uchiti icho chimiso chekubvunza icho
(?). Hongu wagona, ndizvozvo chaizvo asiwo icho chimiso icho unochiona kana
mubvunzo wacho wakaita zvekunyorwa pasi. Zvino haisi yose mibvunzo inoita
zvekunyorwa pasi. Munhu anokwanisa kubvunza mubvunzo muchitaura pasina
anyora pasi. Saka, unozvinzwa sei kuti uyu mubvunzo?
Semuenzaniso:
Mubvunzo; Ndiwe ani?
Mhinduro: Maidei

Zvisinei nekuti zvakaita zvekunyorwa here kana kutaurwa unototi upindure chete.
Nemhaka yei zvakadaro? Pose panoumbwa mibvunzo pane mazwi kana zvivakazwi
zvinoita kuti pave nemubvunzo. Zvivakazwi izvi ndizvo zvinonzi zviumbamubvunzo.

Panguva ino ndinoda kuti umbondipawo yaunoti mibvunzo yakaumbwa zvakasiyana

-siyana. Kana wapa mubvunzo wako ndinoda kuti unyurure chaunoti ndicho chaita
kuti pave nemubvunzo. Tichakurukura zvizere pamusoro pezviumbamubvunzo
muchitsauko chinotevera.

Zvokuita 23.3.1
Panguva ino tinoda kuti umboedza kuumba mibvunzo yako gumi chete nekuratidza
mazwi kana mavara awashandisa kuti unzi mubvunzo. (10)
Ronga basa rako sezvinotevera;

Mubvunzo Mazwi kana mavara aita kuti pave

nemubvunzo

Ndinovimba wawana mibvunzo yakaita seinotevera. Uyewo wakwanisa kunyurura

zvivakazwi zvaita kuti pave nemubvunzo uyu.

191
Mubvunzo Mazwi kana mavara aita kuti pave
nemubvunzo
a) Wakaba here? Here
b) Unoda ani? -ni
c) Ko, mavhara chikoro? Ko
d) Unobvepi? -pi
e) Sei uchinyima? Sei
f) Makavaka riinhi? Riinhi
g) Unomuziva kani? Kani
h) Ndizvo zvawakaita nhai? Nhai
i) Unogara nayesu? -su
j) Vanyora kangani? -ngani

Tinovimba kuti waona kuti mazwi ose aya ari kurudyi ndiwo anoita kuti zvirevo
zvedu zvinzi iyi mibvunzo iyi inoda kupindurwa. Naizvozvo ndizvo zvatinoti
zviumbamubvunzo zvatichakurukura nezvazvo zvine udzamu muchitsauko
chinotevera.

23.4 Rondedzero- Zvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira - nyaya pfupi,

nhetembo, makatuni
Uchiri kurangarira here kuti muchitsauko chakapfuura takaparura chidzidzo chino
chezvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira? Aya ndiwo mabasa anoitwa nemunhu ava neruzivo
rwemashandisirwo emutauro uye ava kugona kuzvishandisa nemazvo. Kana
uchiri kuyeuka zvakare takati isu kudzidza ChiShona hakuperere pakungodzidza
nekuzonyora bvunzo chete pakupera kwegore wotozvikanda uko sezvisina basa.
Chidzidzo cheChiShona chinotipa hwaro hwebudiriro muhupenyu hwedu. Iwe
wakaona kuti nzwisiso, nhetembo nerondedzero zvawakaita zvose pamusoro,
chinangwa chazvo chikuru chaiva chekukupa unyanzvi hwekugona kushandisa
mutauro wedu kuti ugadzirewo zvako zvinyorwa zvaunofarira.

Zvinyorwa izvi zvinozokubatsira muhupenyu hwako sezvo zvichizoshambadzwa,

kutengeswa nekukupawo zita rakanaka munyika paunenge wava kuverengwawo
nevamwe vanhu kuburikidza nemabasa aunenge wakaita. Nhasi uno tinodada
nezvinyorwa zvakaitwa nezvizvarwa zvemuZimbabwe. Vadzidzi vava kuzvishandisa
kuvandudza ruzivo rwavo rwemutauro. Iwe hauna kusiyana nevamwe vane
mukurumbira ava nekuti patasvika pano ndinofunga wava nezvombo zvakakodzera
zvekushandisa kuti ubudewo nezvinyorwa zvemandorokwati.

192
Tinovimba wakaitawo tsvakurudzo yakakwana pamusoro pemabasa ezvinyorwa
zvekuzvifungira izvi akasiyana-siyana. Uyewo kuti wava neruzivo rwekuti
vanombozvifunga sei. Wakaonazve mashandisirwo eunyanzvi hwavakawana kubva
pazvikamu zvose zvemutauro weChiShona kubuda nezvinyorwa zvinodakadza.

Chokutanga munhu unoda kufarira zvauri kuda kuita kuti ubudirire pazviri.
Naizvozvo kana uchitsvaga zvaunoda kuita wona kuti rudo rwako rwakarerekera
kupi semunhu akasangana nezvinyorwa zvakawanda kwazvo kusvika pawava nhasi.
Wongorora zvakare kuti pazvikamu zvose zvemutauro chaikupa manyukunyuku
kana wasvika pachiri chii. Ukayera waziva, aiwa zvako zvakunakira nekuti wava
nepekutangira pakanaka zvikuru.

Kana waziva kuti unoda nekufarira zvekutamba nezvirungamutauro chaizvo,

wakafanira kunge uchida nhetembo sezvo dziri idzo dzizere nazvo. Kana uchifarira
zvekuronda nyaya chaizvo, ziva kuti zvetunyaya izvo ndizvo zvako. Kanazve uri
munhu anoda kupawo yambiro zvakanyanya nenzira dzakasiyana panguva imwe
chete uchida kufadza nekusetsa vanhu, unokwanisa kugadzira makatuni uchimapa
mashoko eChiShona akakodzera.

Zvino tinoda kuti uchitsvaga zvinyorwa zvauine rudo nazvo, zvakawanda,

wozviongorora kuti zvakanyorwa sei. Apa unenge uchitokwasha ruzivo pamusoro
pazvo uchiva neunyanzvi hwemaitirwo emabasa aya.
Tinoda kuti uchimboongorora zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakaitwa nevamwe
zvekuzvifungira kuti ukurudzirike. Kana vamwe vakazviita, newewo unokwanisa
chaizvo kuzviita kana kutozodarika zvavakaita ivo.

A Nyaya pfupi

Unoziva here kuti munhu anokwanisa kunyora nyaya

zvichienderana nekuti ane ruzivo rwakawanda sei. Munhu
anofarira zvekunyora ndeuya anoverenga zvinyorwa zvakawanda
uyewo achifarira kukwasha ruzivo pese pese paanenge
ari, mungava mubhazi, pachiteshi, mukereke kana parufu.
Zvekunyora tunyaya kana zviri zvako, unoda kunyatsoteya nzeve
kune zvinenge zvichitaurwa panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Izvi
zvinokubatsira kubuda nenyaya yechokwadi chezvinoitika muhupenyu.

B Nhetembo
Vamwe vanoona zvakavakomberedza vobva vatobuda nenhetembo dzavo.
Newewo kana chido chako chiri kunhetembo hakuna chingakukonesa kunyora
nhetembo yakanaka inofadza pamwe ichiraira.

193
C Makatuni

Unokwanisa chose kugadzirawo makatuni akaita seiri pamusoro uchiisa mashoko

anosetsa kuumba kana kuraira. Izvi zvinoitwa nemunhu ane nyambo dzakawanda
sezvo kudzidza kunokwanisa kuitika kana vanhu vachiseka.

Zvokuita 23.4.1
Zvino pachikamu chino tinoda kuti uchitanga kunyora chinyorwa chako chiya
chokuzvifungira chawakazvitsvagira muchitsauko chakapfuura. Kana wanyora,
ipawo vaugere navo kuti vaverenge. Teereresa zvavachakuudza nokuti zvinoita
kuti uvandudze basa rako iri kusvika wava nyanzvi chaiyo.

Chenjedzo

Pakuita basa rako iri ziva kuti;

• Hazvina kunaka kubira umwe munhu basa rake woriita rako nekusamudoma
zita rake kuti zvawanyora izvi wazviwana pachinyorwa changana. Izvi
zvinosungisa nemutemo wemuno munyika.
• Zvinyorwa izvi pose panobvira ngazvive zvako zvawazvifungira wega
uchishandiswa mazwi ako chaiwo.
• Munyika yanhasi ruzivo rwekushandisa tekinoroji rwava kukurudzirwa,
naizvozvo kana uine mukana wekushandisa indaneti nemakombiyuta
zvakanyanya kunaka pane kuramba uchishandisa runyoro rwemaoko ako.
• Ivawo nezvinyorwa zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoda kuti ushande nesimba, usaneta.
Rangarira muchitsauko chakapfuura takasimbisana pamusoro pekushanda
nesimba kuti kunounza budiriro yehupenyu.
• Usati watsikisa zvinyorwa zvako, ivawo nevanhu vaunopa vachikuverengera
zvinyorwa zvako izvi, avo vanozokubatsira kupota vachikugadzirisirawo
zvimwe zvaunenge wapotsa kana kukupa dzimwe pfungwa dzingavandudza
zvinyorwa zvako.

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23.5 Misambo-Chinyarikani, Chisahwira, Chicheche, Chizukuru
Mutauro weChiShona unokurudzira kuti munhu haungoti bvorokocho pakutaura.
Unoda kuziva wauri kutaura naye kuti ukwanise kushara mashoko ekushandisa
pamunhu iyeye. Wakamboona here kuti hatitaure zvakafanana nevanhu vose
vatinosangana navo muhupenyu hwedu. Kusiyana kwematauriro nemaitiro uko
ndiyo inonzi misambo paChiShona chedu.

Kuti unzi une unhu netsika ndiko kunge uchiziva pekutaura nematauriro zvisinei
kuti uri kutaura naani. Matauriro aunoita neshamwari dzako kana kuti nevezera
rako akasiyana zvikuru nematauriro aungaita nevabereki kana varairidzi kana vanhu
vakuru kwauri. Zvimwe chetezvo kana uchitaura nemwana mucheche. Haugone
kupa mwana mucheche mashoko akasimba aasati ava kuziva kuti anomborevei asi
kuti, unotodzika pasi wotodzokera pakuvawo mucheche uchishandisa mashoko
aanonzwisisa kuti ukwanise kuyurukura naye.

Muchikamu chino tinovimba uchanakidzwa zvikuru sezvo tava kuzoongorora

misambo inotevera:
• Chinyarikani
• Chisahwira/Chishamwari
• Chicheche
• Chizukuru

Tinotenda kuti pane imwe nguva wakava nemukana wekushandisa umwe

wemisambo iyo kana kutoti yese sezvo tichisangana nevanhu vakasiyana
muhupenyu.

Zvokuita 23.5.1
Ndinoda kuti uongorore zvirevo zvinotevera wozopindura mibvunzo iri pazasi
a) Pamusoroi Unendoro, tapfuurawo nepano. Dzakadiiko pwere?
b) Ko nhaiwe ndiudzewo zvakaitika kumusikana wako uya, ndakasangana naye
aaah inga zvaakatozvimbirwa nenyemba!
c) Ambuya haaa mvura munenge muri kuwanza yekunwa mazuva ano, iri
kunetsa zvayo asi ummmm ndauya kuzokubatsirai kuitsvaga kuti muwanewo
yekuisa pamuviri
d) Nhanha unoda, tadha heye kana twiti?
e) Makadii zvenyu, ndiri kukumbirawo kubvunza nzira inondisvitsawo kwaChitsa.

Zvino kubva pazvirevo zviri pamusoro ndinoda kuti unyore kuti chirevo chimwe
nechimwe chinoratidza musambo upi wekutaura?

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 Zvirevo Musambo

a) Pamusoroi Unendoro,
tapfuurawo nepano. Dzakadiiko
pwere?

b) Ko nhaiwe ndiudzewo zvakaitika

kumusikana wako uya,
ndakasangana naye aaah inga
zvaakatozvimbirwa nenyemba!

c) Ambuya haaa mvura munenge

muri kuwanza yekunwa mazuva
ano, iri kunetsa zvayo asi
ummmm ndauya kuzokubatsirai
kuitsvaga kuti muwanewo
yekuisa pamuviri

d) Nhanha unodai, tadha heye

kana twiti?

e) Makadii zvenyu, ndiri

kukumbirawo kubvunza nzira
inondisvitsawo kwaChitsa

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinotenda kuti wawana zvinotevera;

Zvirevo Musambo

a) Pamusoroi Unendoro, Chinyarikani

tapfuurawo nepano. Dzakadiiko
pwere?

b) Ko nhaiwe ndiudzewo zvakaitika Chishamwari

kumusikana wako uya,
ndakasangana naye aaah inga
zvaakatozvimbitrwa nenyemba!

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 c) Ambuya haaa mvura munenge Chizukuru
muri kuwanza yekunwa mazuva
ano, iri kunetsa zvayo asi
ummmm ndauya kuzokubatsirai
kuitsvaga kuti muwanewo
yekuisa pamuviri

d) Nhanha unodai, tadha heye Chicheche

kana twiti?

e) Makadii zvenyu, ndiri Chitorwa

kukumbirawo kubvunza nzira
inondisvitsawo kwaChitsa

Iko zvino tava kuchiongorora musambo umwe neumwe nezvinotarisirwa pauri.

Chinyarikani

Mufananidzo wemukuwasha naambuya

Mufananidzo wemubereki nemwana wake ati kurei.

Uyu musambo wekutaura unoshandiswa nevanhu vanoremekedzana nekunyarana.

Panoshandiswa mutauro usina kureruka asi kuti wakadzikamira. Vanhu vanotaurirana
apa vanototi vachenjerere mashoko avanoshandisa. Pazera rino ndinovimba wava
kuziva vanhu vakadai, vanoremekedzana nekutaurirana zvakadzikama nguva dzose.

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Chinyarikani chiri pakati pevanhu vanotevera
• Vabereki nevana vavo
• Hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi
• Mukuwasha nehanzvadzi dzomudzimai wake
• Vakawanirana
• Mambo nedare rake
• N’anga nevarapwa
• Mufundisi wechechi nevatenderi
• Mudare remhosva (koti)
• Murairidzi nevadzidzi
• Vashandi nevakuru vepabasa

Wakamboona here kuti mazuva ano vanhu nekusaziva marongerwo etsika

dzedu, varasika. Varasiki ava vava kushandisa dzimwe tsika dzisina maturo uye
dzinopikisana netsika dzedu isu VaShona. Panzvimbo yekukumbira ruregerero
kana varesva vanotoomesa makotsi. Ndipo patava kuzonzwa maminimini okuti
mukuwasha akawanikidzwa naambuya mudzimai wehanzvadzi yemudzimai
wake, kana makunakuna ekuti hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi vaitisana pamuviri. Izvi
zvinokonzerwa nekusatevedza musambo wechinyarikani unofanirwa kushanda pakati
pavo. Nyaya dzavo dzinozoita kurudunuka seshinda, havachaziva pekugumira.
Vanyarikani vatadoma pamusoro apo vanotarisirwa kuita zvinotevera
• Kuomberana pakumhoresana
• Kukudzana nemitupo, zvidawo nemazita emhuri
• Kushandisa zvivakashure nezvivakamberi zvekukudza sokuti ma-, va-. -i.
makadiiko, vauya nepano, pamusoroi zvichingodaro.
• Vadiki ndivo vanotanga kukwazisa vakuru.
• Kusasekedzana zvinoenderera, kuziva pekugumira pakufara.

Chicheche

Mifananidzo wemunhu mukuru achitaura nemwana wake anoshandisa chi-

cheche.

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Wakambotaurawo nemwana mucheche kunyanya uya ari kudzidzira kutaura. Kazhinji
kacho unoyerekana wava kungotevedzera kamutauriro kemwana iyeye. Unofunga
kuti kana ukataura naye zvakanaka anogona kutadza kukunzwa, naizvozvo unotoda
kudzika kuenda pazera rake chaipo. Chicheche kutaura munhu achinambura
rurimi kunge mucheche. Vanotaura chicheche ipwere dzinenge dzisati dzogona
kunyatsotaura. Unonzwa vachiti
Ndota tadha (ndinoda sadza)
Po titi (ndipoo chiwiti)

Zvichakadaro, musambo uyu unogonawo kushandiswa nevaviri vanodanana havo

pakutsvetsvana. Vasikana ndivo vanonyanyodaro kuvasikana vavo. Unonzwa
zimhandara richiyemedzeka richiti
Ushandidayo (usandidaro)
Mushoyo wangu uri kuhwaja (musoro wangu uri kurwadza)

Kana usati wambonzwa chicheche chichitaurwa nevanodanana, ndinoda kuti

uzovateerera vachitaura kuti vanotaura sei.

Chishamwari /Chisahwira

Uyu musambo wekutaura uri pakati pevanhu vemazera mamwe chete vangave
vanhurume kana vanhukadzi. Iwe une shamwarika. Dzinogona kunge dzakatowanda
handiti ndizvo. Ehe ndizvozvo, munhu wese ane waanoti shamwari. Asiwo kana muri
mese neshamwari yako kana dzako, munombotaura sei? Mashoko amunoshandisa
pakutaura akamboita sei? Shamwari yako ndiye munhu waunoudza zvose hazvo.
Panokurukurirana shamwari chokwadi ndechekuti hapana chinosara. Shamwari
ndidzo dzinoita kuti hupenyu huenderere mberi. Ndinofunga unotenderana neni
ipapo. Pamusambo wechishamwari pane zvakawanda zvinoitika kusanganisira;
• Kufara
• Kuseka
• Nyambo
• Kurairana
• Kutsiurana

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• Kubatsirana mumatambudziko
• Kukutsirana kuita basa rimwe chete
• Kutaurirana nhunha dzose dzausingagone kutaura chero nani zvake
• Kufurirana kuita zvakanaka kana zvakaipa.

Chisahwira nerimwewo divi, chishamwari chakavandudzika. Vamwe vanoti

madzisahwira mazhinji anenge akatanga dziri shamwari, vokura vachiwirirana
vozopedzesera vava vanasahwira. Vamwewo vanoti husahwira hunoitwa
kukumbirwa. Kana mukumbirwi abvuma panoitwa kamutambo kekusimbisa
mubatanidzwa uyu pakati pevanhu vawirirana kuva madzisahwira. Pahuviri hwavo
musi wemabiko aya, umwe anouya nenyama umwe nedoro podyiwa pachifarwa.

Zvavanoitirana
• Kuchengeta zvakavanzika zveumwe neumwe
• Kutorerana zvavanoda pamusha pasahwira kunze kwemukadzi
• Kupanana nyama dzezvirango pamabiko
• Kukumbidzana- hauna chaunoshaya kwasahwira
• Kupana mazano anovaka
• Kupepana muhurwere
• Kurerutsa nhamo panofa umwe wake nekuedzesera zvaaiita achiri mupenyu
• Kutukana vasingatsamwidzane
• Kunemerana
• Kutaura zvinyadzi nokuti havanyarani.

23.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko

Tinotenda kuti wafamba rwendo rwakanaka chose muchitsauko chino
uchinyatsojekerwa nekukosha kwetsika neunhu zvedu zveChiShona pane zvose
zvaunoita muhupenyu. Usakanganwa kuti takati kana wakanganwa hapana kutadza
kwaunenge waita, chinyorwa chino ndechako dzokorora chikamu chaunenge usina
kunzwisisa kusvika wanyatsozvibata. Naizvozvo, pari zvino ndinoda kuti ubatatisise
pfungwa huru dzaunofanirwa kugara uchiyeuka dzezvabuda muchitsauko chino;
• Kupfupisa nhetembo hakuna kusiyana nekupfupisa nyaya. Unofanirwa
kungoziva chete kuti pane dingindira guru padetembo rimwe nerimwe
raunotarisirwa kutanga wanyurura. Dzimwe pfungwa huru kubva mutsanza
imwe neimwe ndadzive dzinoenderana nepfungwa huru iyi.
• Usashandisa zvirungamutauro mupfupiso,ngainyorwe mundima imwe chete
neuwandu hwemazwi akatarwa, usapfurikidza kana kunyanya kushomesa
mazwi aya
• Tsumo dzinokwanisa kuumbwa kubva pamazwi ezvinhu zvakatikomberedza.
Vakuru vedu vaiziva kuti kana vakashandisa zvinhu zvinozivikanwa
nekuonekwa mazuva ose uyo ari kuda kudzidziswa nekurayirwa anova
nekujekerwa nezviri kuda kudzidziswa nekuti anenge aine ruzivo rwezvinenge
zvashandiswa mutsumo iyi. Naizvozvo unodawo kugona kuumba tsumo zhinji

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 kwazvo kubva mumazwi ezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoti, mhuka, vanhu,
michero, midziyo kana zvirimwa.
• Mibvunzo yose mazwi anoda mhinduro. Pane nzira dzinoshandiswa kuumba
mibvunzo. Mubvunzo hauwoneke nekuti wanyorwa pasi ukaiswa chimiso
chokubvunza chete asi kuti chero waita zvekutaurwa unonzwikwa nekuda
kwemazwi anoshandiswa anonzi zviumbamubvunzo.
• Ndinovimba wakabata zvakare kuti ruzivo rwose rwemutauro weChiShona
rwunoda kuzoratidzirwa muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvako
zvokuzvifungira. Unokwanisa kushandisa unyanzvi hwezvawakawana
pamaumbirwo emutauro nemashandisirwo emutauro kunyora nyaya pfupi,
nhetembo kana makatuni chaiwo
• Munhu kuti unzi uri munhu pane vanhu hunge uchiziva zvekutaura
newekutaura naye. Hazvina kunaka kutora tsika dzevauyi uchidzikanyanisa
nedzedu zvinoita kuti urasike hunhu. Naizvozvo zvakakosha kushandisa
musambo wakakodzera pose panobvira.

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CHITSAUKO 24: NJODZI
Zviri mukati
24.1 Nzwisiso- Njodzi
24.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro -Dzokororo yezvirungamutauro
24.3 Maumbirwo emutauro -Mhando dzemibvunzo
24.4 Rondedzero - Mutemo unochengetedza zvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira
24.5 Musambo - Indavhiyu
24.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko
24.7 Bvunzo

Nhanganyaya
Mutambo unonyanyonakidza kana wava kusvika kwamvurayachekamakumbo.
Tinovimba wakava nenguva yakanaka zvikuru yekudzidza muzvitsauko makumi
maviri nematatu zvakapfuura. Tinofunga wakawedzera ruzivo rwakawanda
pamusoro pezvawagara uchiziva kusvika pawava apa. Pamusoro peunyanzvi
hwekuverenga, kuteerera, kutaura nekunyora wavawo nehumwe unyanzvi
hwekufunga zvine udzamu nekukwanisa kutungamirira vamwe pane zvimwe zviitiko
zvehupenyu. Tinotendazve kuti wava nechido chekuramba uchikwasha ruzivo
pamusoro perurimi rwamai urwu. Izvi zvinokwanisika chete kana ukava nechido
chekuverenga zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveChiShona.

Chitsauko chino ndinotenda kuti uchadzidzazve zvakawanda pamusoro penjodzi

nekudzivirirwa kwadzo. Uchaitazve dzokororo yezvirungamutauro zvose zvawakaita
muchinyorwa chino. Chinangwa chiri chekuti urambe uchiyeuka kukosha kwazvo
pamwe nekuzokwanisa kuzvishandisa murondedzero dzako nemuzvinyorwa zviya
zvekuzvifungira. Zviumbamubvunzo zviya zvatakati de-e muchitsauko chakapfuura
zvichazazanurwa muchitsauko chino. Zvakare, tichazivisana pamusoro pemvumo
yauinawo pazvinyorwa zvako zvekuzvifungira, kuti ungazvichengetedza sei. Chikamu
chekupedzisira muchitsauko chino chichakujekesera zvinotarisirwa mumaindavhiyu.

Tinoda kukukurudzira kuti ufambe hako zvinyoronyoro. Nguva unayo,

nyatsoverenga chikamu chimwe nechimwe kusvika wanyatsochinzwisisa wozoenda
pane chimwe. Unotenderwazve kupota uchidzokera muzvitsauko zvakapfuura kuti
uzobatanidza pfungwa uye kuti zviyerere. Ndinoti kwauri, tapirirwa nechitsauko
chino ugokwanisa kuyemura mutauro wako.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

Kuti ubudirire muchitsauko chino unoda kuva neunyanzvi hunotevera;

• kugona kuverenga
• kugona kunyora
• kufunga zvine udzamu

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 Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unotarisirwa kunge wava kukwanisa;

• kudoma njodzi nekutsanangura maitikiro adzo
• kudzumbunura zvinokonzera njodzi dzakasiyana-siyana
• kutsanangura zvingaitwe kudzivirira njodzi idzi
• kupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso nemazvo
• kushandisa zvirungamutauro muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana
• kutsanangura mhando dzemibvunzo
• kugadzirira, kuronga nekunyora mabasa okuzvifungira akasiyana-siyana
• kutsanangura zvinotarisirwa pakushandisa nhare pamwe nemuindavhiyu

Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino.

Mazwi akakosha

Pakudzidza chitsauko chino uchasangana nemazwi akakosha matsva achakubatsira

kunzwisisa zviri muchitsauko chino. Heanoi mamwe emazwi aya nedudziro dzawo.
Ngwavaira - itsaona inowira vanhu vasina kuzvigadzirira

1. Nzwisiso nhau - njodzi

Chii chinonzi njodzi? Tinotenda kuti pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwako
wakambosangana nenjodzi. Tinoda kuti umbodzamisa pfungwa ufunge njodzi
dzawakambopinda nadzo kana dzawakaona dzichiitika pakukura kwako. Hongu
, njodzi matambudziko anowira munhu kana vanhu vasingafungire achisiya
avakuvadza kana kuuraya nekuparadza zvinhu. Tinovimba zvabva zvati bha-a kwauri.
Njodzi inokwanisa zvakare kunzi tsaona. Njodzi dzinowanikwa pakasiyana-siyana
mungava mumba, mumugwagwa kana munyika chaimo.

Tisati tapfuurira mberi tinoda kuti umbofunga tsaona kana njodzi imwe chete
yakaitika muhupenyu hwako kana munharaunda yaunogara. Mibvunzo inotevera
ichakubatsira kurondedzera njodzi yacho.
• Chii chakaitika?
• Zvakaitikira kupi?
• Njodzi iyi yakakonzerwa nei?
• Ndezvipi zvakaparara panjodzi iyi?
• Ndiani akazobatsira uye akabatsira sei?
• Wakadzidzei patsaona iyi?
• Zvii zvingaitwe kuderedza mhando yetsaona iyi?

Tine mhando dzenjodzi dzakasiyana-siyana asi muchikamu chino tichatarisa njodzi

dzinosanganikwa nadzo munyika. Idzi dzidzo njodzi dziya dzinovhiringidza chitsama
chevanhu dzichiunza matambudziko makuru ekuti nyika inotofanirwa kupindira kuti

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vanhu vabatsirike. Pane njodzi dzinokonzerwa nevanhu kozoti dzimwe dzinongoitika
zvisina munhu mukati dzakadai sechii? Ndizvozvo chaizvo kana wati mafashamu
wagonesa. Une here njodzi dzemafashamu dzawakanzwa dzakaitika munyika yedu
yeZimbabwe mumakore akapfuura?

Panguva ino tinoda kuti unyatsoverenga ndima inotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri
pazasi payo.

Mafashama edhamu reTokwe Mukosi

Mugore ra2014,mwedzi waKurume, mudunhu reMasvingo kuMwenezi kwakava

nenjodzi huru yemafashama emvura mushure mekunge dhamu reTokwe Mukosi
raputsika chidziro. Izvi zvainge zvakonzerwa nekunaya kwemvura yakanyanyisa
mudunhu iri. Dhamu iri rakanga ratanga kuvakwa mugore ra1992 hurumende
payakaona zvakakodzera kuwanisa vagari veMasvingo mvura yekudiridzira
zvirimwa pamwe nekubika magetsi. Mari yehurumende yekuti ienderere mberi
nechirongwa ichi yakambopera mugore ra2002 basa rikambomiswa. Zvisinei, basa
rakazosimudzirwazve mugore ra2009.

Kuvagari vekuTokwe Mukosi, gore ra2014 rakatanga semamwe makore ose. Hapana
akaziva kuti gore iri rainge rakatakura misodzi nedikita kumhuri dzemudunhu iri.
Mvura zhinji yakati yaturuka mumwedzi waNdira kusvika Kurume, dhamu reTokwe
Mukosi rakazarisa zvakapfurikidza mwero. Chidziro chedhamu chakatsemuka
nekukurirwa nemvura zhinji. Mafashama aya emvura akaturuka akananga kudzimba
dzaigara vanhu. Vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri ,zvipfuyo nezvirimwa
zvakapindana nenjodzi yemafashama iyi. Vanhu vazhinji vakakwanisa kutizira
pamusoro pemakomo kuti vasayeredzwa nemvura iyi.

Munguva pfupi zvinhu izvi zvaitika, hurumende kuburikidza nemapato akadai seCivil
Protection Unit, yakaronga kuti vanhu vaiva munjodzi iyi vandobviswa nekukasika.
Ndege dzerudzi rwezvikopokopo ndidzo dzakaita basa guru rekubvisa vanhu
mumakomo dzichivaisa munzvimbo dzainge dzisina njodzi. Nzvimbo dzakanoiswa
vanhu ava ndodzinoti, Chingwizi, Chisase neMasangula. Hupenyu hwevanhu
munzvimbo idzi hauna kunge huri nyore nekuda kwematambudziko akasiyana-
siyana avakasangana nawo kuburikidza nenjodzi iyi.

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Mafashama aya akayeredza dzimba, zvirimwa, zvipfuyo nemidziyo yakawanda
zvikuru. Hapana anokwanisa kugadzirira njodzi dzemhando yakadai muhupenyu.
Vanhu vazhinji vakasara vari mumatambudziko makuru.
Dambudziko guru rakasangana nevagari ava raiva rokushaiwa mvura
yokushambidzika, kunwa nekushandisa mune mamwe mabasa epamusha.
Kuti munhu awane mvura yakachena, aitofamba chinhambwe chingangosvika
makiromita makumi matatu kuti andowana mvura yemuchibhorani. Kushaikwa
kwemvura yakachena uku kwakaisa vagari veChingwizi panjodzi yezvirwere
zvemanyoka. Dambudziko iri rakanyanyopesvedzerwa nekushaikwa kwezvimbudzi
munzvimbo iyi.

Rimwe dambudziko ravakasangana naro nderekushaiwa chekudya chakakwana.

Vana vane makore ari pasi pemashanu ndivo vakanyanya kutambudzika pakushaya
chokudya. Vanaamai vaiyamwisa nevainge vakazvitakura vakatambudzikawo
nekushaya chikafu chakakwana. Hongu rubatsiro rwakauya asiwo zvinonzi mhuri
imwe neimwe yaipiwa makirogiramu makumi maviri nemashanu echibage
zvichipamhidzirwa nezvikamu zvishoma zvebhinzi nemafuta ekubikisa. Chikafu
ichi chaiva chishoma zvikuru tichitarisa chikafu chingadiwa pamhuri imwe neimwe
pamwedzi umwe chete.

Kushaikwa kwemakiriniki, zvitoro pamwe nezvifambiso ndemamwe ematambudziko

akaita kuti hupenyu hwevanhu vakapona pamafashama eTokwe Mukosi husosone
sehurukuru. Zvisinei, vakuru vanoti, kutsva kwendebvu varume vanodzimurana.
Nyaya yenjodzi yemafashama eTokwe Mukosi yakatekeshera pasi rose. Veruzhinji
nemamwe masangano anoshanda akazvimiririra mukubatsira voruzhinji, vakaita
muonerapamwe chuma chemuzukuru. Sangano rimwe nerimwe raipa rubatsiro
neparaikwanisa napo. Masangano akaita seRed Cross, BASO, Christian Care,
I.O.M neOCHA vakabetsera nematende pamwe nekutungamira kufambiswa

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kwezvirongwa. Nerimwewo divi masangano akaita seACF, Oxfam, GB neUNICEF
akabatana mukuedza kuti pave nemvura yakachena uye kushambidzwa
kwezvokudya nepekugara. Sangano reChristian Aid ndiro rakatosunga dzikasimba
rikazvipira kuti mhuri idzi dziwane zvokudya .

Njodzi yemafashama eTokwe Mukosi yakava chidzidzo chikuru kuvanhu vose kuti
misha haifanirwi kuvakirwa pedyo pedyo nemadhamu. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti kana
dhamu rikatsemuka kana kufashukira mushure mekuzarisa hapana vanhu kana
zvipfuyo zvinowanikwa zvichipinda panjodzi yakaita seiyi. Chakavawo chidzidzo
kuhurumende yedu kuti kana yafunga kuita zvirongwa zvakadai sekuvaka madhamu,
iedze kuita zvironga izvi nenguva pfupi. Zvakare vanhu vanofanirwa kugariswa
patsva panzvimbo kwadzo dzisiri pedo nemadhamu kuitira kuti vasawirwe
nedambudziko rakadai zvakare.

(Kubva mubhuku Yeukai ChiShona naW Watadza)

Zvokuita 24.1.1 Nzwisiso

Verenga ndima iri pamusoro kaviri kana katatu kuti unyatsonzwisisa. Kana
wagutsikana kuti wanzwisisa, chiedza kupindura mibvunzo inotevera.
1. Dhamu reTokwe Mukosi riri mudunhu ripi muZimbabwe? (1)
2. Dhamu iri rakavakwa nani? (1)
3. Chii chakakonzera mafashama eTokwe Mukosi (1)
4. Ipa basa guru raizoitwa nedhamu reTokwe Mukosi kuvagari veko (1)
5. Doma nzvimbo nhatu dzakaendeswa vanhu vavaibvisa munjodzi
yemafashama (3)
6. Ndeapi matambudziko akasangana nevanhu vakaendeswa kuChingwizi?
Nderipi raungati raive guru kupfuura mamwe? Sei uchidaro? (3)
7. Tsvaga tsumo imwe chete iri mundima. Ipa tsananguro inogutsa yezvinoreva
tsumo iyi semashandisirwo ayakaitwa mundima. (2)
8. Taridza masangano matatu akabatsira vanhu vakawirwa nematambudziko
emafashamu. Ipa chinhu chimwe pasangano rimwe chete charakabatsira
nacho. (3)
9. Kunze kwematambudziko adomwa mundima yawaverenga, tsanangura
mamwe matambudziko maviri anogona kunge akasangana nevanhu ava. (2)
10. Tsanangura dzidziso yakawanikwa nenjodzi yakaitika kuTokwe Mukosi. (3)
11. Nyora pfupiso yenyaya iyi nemazwi asingapfuuri makumi mashanu (10)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti waedza chose kupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso iri pamusoro. Kana
wasangana nedambudziko unokurudzirwa kudzokera kundima woiverenga zvekare
kusvika wanyatsonzwisisa. Zvino tinoda kuti uchienzanisa nemhinduro dziri pazasi
idzi.

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1. Masvingo
2. neHurumende yeZimbabwe
3. dhamu rakanga ratsemuka nekuti mvura yakanga yawandisa
4. kudirira minda
5. Chingwizi, Chisase, Masangwa
6. Kushaikwa kwemvura yekushambidzika yekunwa nekushandisa mune mamwe
mabasa epamusha, kushaya zvekudya, makiriniki, zvikoro nezvifambiso.
Dambudziko guru kushayikwa kwemvura yakachena yokunwa nokuti vaizonwa
mvura yakasviba yaizokonzera zvirwerezvakaita sekorera.
7. Kutsva kwendebvu varume vanodzimurana.
Inoreva kuti vanhu vanobatsirana kana mumwe apinda mumatambudziko
sezvakaita vanhu padambudziko rakawira vamwe. Vakabatana vakabatsira
nezvakasiyana-siyana
8. Red Cross - matende
UNICEF - mvura yakachena
Christian Aid - zvokudya
9. Kushaya pekugara nezvekupfeka
Kurasikirwa nezvipfuyo
10. Vanhu havafanirwi kuvakira misha yavo padhuze nemadhamu
Hurumende inokurudzirwa kugarisa vanhu panzvimbo dzakanaka vasati
vatanga chirongwa chekuvaka dhamu.
11. Pfungwa huru dzepfupiso dzaungadai wakawana ndedzinotevera:
• Tokwe Mukosi rakavakwa mugore ra1992 nehurumende yeZimbabwe
• kwakaita njodzi yemafashama mugore ra2014 mushure mekutsemuka
kwedhamu
• vanhu vakawanda vakafa
• vamwe vanhu vakaendeswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana
• vaisangana nematambudziko akawanda
• pakaita mapato aivabatsira sezvo vaishaya kana nemvura yekunwa.
• chakava chidzidzo kuvanhu kuti vasavakire misha yavo pedyo
nemadhamu.

Kubatanidzwa kwepfungwa
Tokwe Mukosi rakatanga kuvakwa mugore ra1992 nehurumende yeZimbabwe.
Kwakaita njodzi yemafashama mugore ra2014 mushure mekutsemuka kwedhamu.
Vanhu vakawanda vakafa, zvipfuyo nezvirimwa zvikaparara. Vamwe vanhu
vakaendeswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Vaisangana nematambudziko
akawanda akaita sekushaya mvura. Pakaita mapato aivabatsira sezvo vaishaya kana
nemvura yekunwa. Chakava chidzidzo kuvanhu kuti vasavakire misha yavo pedyo
nemadhamu.
(Mazwi makumi mashanu)

24.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro -kushandisa zvirungamutauro

muzvinyorwa
Tinovimba kuti patasvika pano wava kuziva kuti zvirungamutauro zvii uye, basa
razvo nderei pamutauro wedu weChiShona. Chii chinonzi chirungamutauro? Kana

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uchiri kurangarira , takati isu izwi iri rakabva pachiito chinoti ‘kurunga’. Kurunga
kuisa munyu muusavi kana mumuriwo kuti unake. Kana usavi usina munyu haunaki
uye haudyike. Zvimwe chetezvo nemutauro weChiShona, unodawo kurungwa
kuti uwedzere kunakidza. Mutauro unofanirwa kurungwa netsumo, madimikira,
nyaudzosingwi, fananidzo, fananidzosiri kuti unakidze kuutaura, kuuverenga kana
kuunzwa. Naizvozvo, izvi ndizvo zvatinoti zvirungamutauro.

Pamusoro pekurunga, zvirungamutauro zvinoshandawo mabasa akasiyana-siyana

pamutauro wedu. Zvirungamutauro zvakakosha nekuti zvinoita kuti mutauro
upfume, ugonakidzazve kunzwa pose paunenge wataurwa. Munhu wose anonzwa
tsumo kana dimikira zvichitaurwa, zvinoita kuti adzamise pfungwa dzake kuti awane
dudziro yazvo. Vavariro huru pose pazvaitaurwa yaiva yekuumba muvanhu tsika
neunhu. Tinovimba kuti wakazviona muzvitsauko zvakapfuura kuti zvirungamutauro
zvaishandiswa pakudzidzisa nekurayira mazera akasiyana-siyana.

Chikuru kuziva chekushandisa, mashandisirwo nepekuzvishandisa. Unyanzvi

hwekushandisa zvirungamutauro izvi nemazvo ndihwo huri kutarisirwa padanho
rino kuti uchiva nahwo. Unozoda kushandisa unyanzvi uhu pakunyora rondedzero
dzakasiyana-siyana, zvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira pamwe nepakutaura pamakungano
akasiyana-siyana muhupenyu.

Muchitsauko chino tinoda kuti udzidze kushandisa zvirungamutauro zvinoti, tsumo

nenyaudzosingwi, nemazvo muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

A: Tsumo
Tinoda kuti uve neunyanzvi hwekushandisa tsumo pakunyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda
zvauchaita muchidzidzo chino kana mune zvimwewo zviitiko zvehupenyu. Tsumo
dzinogona kutsanangurwa nekunyora kanyaya kapfupi kanojekesa chokwadi
chezvinoreva tsumo idzi. Kuti ubudirire kuita izvi nemazvo unofanira kunge
uchinyatsoziva zvinoreva tsumo uye chinangwa chetsumo iyoyo payakatanga
kutaurwa nevakuru vedu pasichigare. Tsumo zhinji dzine zvipandi zviviri zvinoda
kujekeswa padudziro ipi zvayo ingabudiswa padziri. Naizvozvo pakutsanangura
tsumo idzi nenzira yekunyora kanyaya, zvipandi zvose izvi zviri zviviri zvinofanirwa
kunyatsobuda mukanyaya ikako. Wadaro aiwa tinoti wagona kushandisa tsumo
muchinyorwa chako.

Ngatitorei muenzaniso wetsumo yekuti, ‘kurera imbwa nomukaka mangwana

inofuma yokuruma.’
Unofunga kuti zvipandi zviviri zviri patsumo iyi ndezvipi? Tinotenda kuti wati iwewe
patsumo iyi pane zvipandi zviviri zvinoti;
Kurera imbwa nemukaka
Mangwana inofuma yokuruma.

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Kana wadai wagona chaizvo. Zvino chipandi chimwe nechimwe chine zvachinoreva
zvinozobatana kuburitsa chinhu chimwe chete.
Ngatichitangai nechipandi chokutanga

Kurera imbwa nemukaka- izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anokwanisa kuchengeta munhu
waasina ukama naye zvachose agomuitira zvose zvaanoda kudarika zvaangaitira
weropa kana mwana wake chaiye. Anomupa zvose zvakanaka zvaanokwanisa
kupfuura paangafungira iye nyakuitirwa wacho.

Mangwana inofuma yokuruma - izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu wawanga usingafungire

kuti angakuitire zvakashata muhupenyu anogona kungofuma akuitira zvinhu
zvinorwadza kana kukukuvadzisa zvisinei kuti wakamuchengeta zvakadii.

Zvino, ngatichibatanidzai zvipandi izvi kuti tibude nedudziro imwe chete yetsumo
iyi.
Kurera imbwa nemukaka mangwana inofuma yokuruma.
Tsumo iyi inoreva kuti munhu anogona kubatsira mutorwa, munhu waasina kana
ukama naye achimuitira zvose zvaanoda nezvimwe zvaasingafungire asi, mangwana
munhu iyeye anogona kumupandukira omuitira zvinorwadza kana kumukuvadzisa.

Hekanoi kanyaya kanojekesa zvinoreva tsumo iyi.

Amai Chihumburu vakati vachibva kuruwadzano uri musi weChina, vakapfuura
nepanzira yaienda kuchitoro chaMukore vakanzwa kuchema kwekacheche.
Semunhu aibva kusvondo, vakangoti vatsaukire nepo wanike aaahi pane kamwana
kakangotsvetwa pasi kasina kana ari kukaona. Vakaita tsiye nyoro ndokutora
mwana uyu vakaenda naye kumba kwavo. Vakamuda mwana uyu vakamuchengeta
semunhu akanga asiiwa nemurume wake asinawo waanoti wake. Vakamutumidza
zita rokuti Tadiwanashe. Tadiwanashe akakura asingazive inonzi nhamo. Amai
vake vatsva ava vaiedza nepose pavanogona kumupa zvokudya nezvekupfeka
zvakaringana. Zvino, Tadiwanashe akati akura, achangopedza fomu yechina,
akatanga kushamwaridzana neshamwari dzakashata. Mwana akatanga kunwa
nekuputa zvinodhaka. Zvinhu izvi zvinoda mari yakawanda nokuti zvinodhura.
Tadiwanashe akatanga kubira mai Chihumburu vasingazive. Akazoti akura pahunhu
hwakashata kudai akatengesa imba yamai vake ava. Mai Chihumburu vakazokaruka
vava kudzingwa pamusha wavo wavakavaka voga sezvo varidzi vatsva vakanga voda
kuzogara pamusha pavo apa. Mai Chihumburu musi uyu vakagutsikana netsumo
yekuti, chokwadi kurera imbwa nemukaka mangwana inofuma yokuruma.

Zvokuita 24.2.1
Panguva ino edza kuongorora tsumo dzinotevera ugoedza kuruka kanyaya kapfupi
kanoenderana nedudziro yetsumo iyi. Kanyaya kako ngakave kanodzidzisa kana
kuyambira kana kutsiura zvinova izvo zvinangwa zvetsumo sezvawakadzidza
pamusoro.

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a) Kugarika tange nhamo (5)
b) Ndamba kuudzwa akawonekwa nembonje pahuma (5)
c) Matanda masairirwa unosiya nerakaora (5)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinofunga kuti waedza chaizvo kubuda nenyaya dzinodudzira tsumo idzo.

Zvinongoda kudzamisa pfungwa chete. Kana wangoziva zvinoreva tsumo chete
hauna dambudziko. Rimwe basa guru retsumo nderekurodza pfungwa dzako.
Naizvozvo paunenge uchiedza kufunga kuti chaizvo tsumo iyi inonyatsorevei,
pfungwa dzinenge dzichitovandudzikawo. Zvino tinoda kuti uenzanise twunyaya
twako nezviri pazasi izvi.

a) Kugarika tange nhamo. (5)

VaChimuti nemhuri yavo vaive vasina chokubata, vachidya nhoko
dzezvironda, kutambura kusvika pokupedzisira.Misana zvino yakanga
yokombama nekuruvira muminda yevanhu kuti vawane chepaura nemari
yokuendesa vana kuchikoro. Mushure mokunge vana vavo vapedza kudzidza,
vakawana mabasa akanaka nemari, vakatanga kuchengeta vabereki vavo.
VaChimuti nemhuri yavo vakanga vasisadye chinovava, vogara zvakanaka
zvokuti vanhu vainge zvino votochiva hupenyu hwavo hutsva uhu.

b) Ndambakuudzwa akawonekwa nembonje pahuma (5)

Ndomupei aigaroyambirwa neshamwari dzake nevamwe vanhu vakuru kuti
asanwe doro ari pachikoro. Zvino, rimwe zuva gava rakadambura musungo
apo akabva kumahositeri akadhakwa semazuva ose ndokusvikorova
murairidzi uyo aiva mubishi rokuita basa rake. Murairidzi haana kudzorera
kana kutaura shoko rimwe zvaro. Akaendesa nyaya kumukuru wechikoro uyo
akadana vabereki nemapurisa. Ndomupei akapiwa mutongo waikodzerana
naye pamwe nekudzingwa chikoro.

c) Matanda masairirwa unosiya nerakawora (5)

Tawona paakaona Tanashe ari musikana ane hunhu, tsika dzakanaka, mari
nerudo, akatya chaizvo kusvitsa shoko rerudo sezvo aiva murombo zvake
wekupedzisira. Rimwe zuva akamuona achipfuura nepaaiva akarovera mwoyo
kudombo sezvo aive atorwa mwoyo netsvarakadenga iyi. Chakazomushamisa
ndechekuti, Tanashe akabva angomuda ipapo ipapo achibva amuratidza kuti
zvaisava zvekutamba asi kutoti aida kuti varoorane. Tawona akafadzwa nazvo
sezvo akanga asingazvitarisiri kudiwa nemunhu wepamusoro muhupenyu
hwake.

Kana wabuda nedzako nyaya dzinotsanangura tsumo idzi wagona chose.

Wazvionawo kuti ukangonzwisisa tsumo nezvipandi zvadzo zvinoreruka kuziva

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zvadzinoreva.Kana wakundikana rega kurasa mwoyo, ramba uchingoverenga
chidzidzo ichi kana kubvunza vakuru vari munharaunda yako kana vamwe vari pedyo
vanoziva tsumo vanokubatsirawo.

B Nyaudzosingwi
Kubva mukandima kanotevera tara nyaudzosingwi dzose dzirimo.
Bhazi rose vanhu vainge vangoti mbu-u kuchena huruva. Tsiye waiona kuti
mburetete. Uchivaona waiti iharahwa nechembere dzaiendeswa kune imwe nyika.
Meso aiti boi boi ndiwo chete aikuudza kuti ava vanhu. Umwe neumwe aive akati
pweshe pake. Vose vaiimba vainge zvino vachiti mwiro sepafiwa. Kahuruva kaingoti
togo nepamusoro pemiti. Mukokeri oga ndiye aive akati zenda pamukova webhazi.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Wagonaka kuwana nyaudzosingwi nekudzipatsanura pane mamwe mazwi

ukadzitara. Ndinovimba kudaro. Zvino tinoda kuti uchienzaniso mhinduro yako
nezviri pazasi.
Bhazi parakati hutu kuenda, vanhu vose vainge vangoti mbu-u kuchena huruva.
Tsiye waiona kuti mburetete. Uchivaona waiti iharahwa nechembere dzaiendeswa
kune imwe nyika. Meso aiti boi boi ndiwo chete aikuudza kuti ava vanhu. Umwe
neumwe aive akati pweshe pake. Vose vaiimba vainge zvino vachiti mwiro sepafiwa.
Kahuruva kaingoti togo nepamusoro pemiti. Mukokeri oga ndiye aive akati zenda
pamukova webhazi.

Zvino tinoda kuti uchishandisa nyaudzosingwi idzi dzawatara pasi muzvirevo zvako
wega zvinoratidza kuti wava kudzinzwisisa zvadzinoreva uye nemashandisirwo adzo.
1. hutu
2. mbu
3. mburetete
4. boi-boi
5. togo
6. pweshe
7. mwiro
8. zenda

Hezvinoi zvirevo zvaungange wakwanisa kuburitsawo

1. hutu - Mutyairi webhazi paakaona kuti rainge razara, akabva ati hutu kuenda
akananga kwaHonde.
2. mbu-u - Vhudzi rasekuru vangu rachiti mbu-u kuchena zvino nekukura.
3. mburetete -Maidei akawacha nhumbi dzake kusvika dzati mburetete kuchena.
4. boi boi -Chipo akapinda mumba achingoti boi boi maziso akazara madhaka
achibva panze kunotamba.
5. togo - Pavakaona hutsi kuti togo mudenga, vakabva vaziva kuti vainge
vasvika paive nenhamo.
6. pweshe - Amai vakasvikorova Tofara uyo ainge akangoti pweshe kugara
vamwe vachisakura mumunda.

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7. mwiro - Murairidzi paakangoti nyengu mukirasi ,makabva manzi mwiro
semusina vanhu.
8. zenda - Chirema chakasvikoti zenda nemadziro pamusangano wevarimi waiva
mudunhu reMakore.

24.3 Maumbirwo emutauro -mhando dzemibvunzo

Muchitsauko chakapfuura takaparura nyaya yemibvunzo. Wakaedzawo kuumba
mibvunzo yako ukadoma mazwi kana zvivakazwi zvinoita kuti pamashoko panzi pane
mubvunzo. Takazopfuurira mberi nekuona kuti zvivakazwi izvi ndizvo zvinodaidzwa
kunzi zviumbamubvunzo. Tinovimba kusvika patava iko zvino wava nekujekerwa
kuti mibvunzo inotoita kuumbwa pachishandiswa zvivakazwi kana mazwi akasiyana-
siyana. Zvino muchitsauko chino tinoda kuti uzive zviumbamubvunzo zvose
nemhando dzemibvunzo yazvinoumba.

24.3.1 Nzira dzokuumba nadzo mibvunzo yakasiyana-siyana

Idzi ndidzo mhando dzezviumbamubvunzo.
i) Kushandisa /here/
Iyi ndiyo nzira yagara ichizivikanwa pakuumba mubvunzo. Unotenderana
neni kuti pose panzi here panenge paine mubvunzo unototarisira mhinduro
yakakodzera.
Chiumbwa ichi chinozvimirira hachibatane nemamwe mazwi epamubvunzo
sokuti,
- Unopenga here?
- Wauya nacho here?
- Ndiye akaba here?

ii) Kushandisa /ani/

Nzira iyi inoshanda paviri, yakazvimirira kana kuti yakabatanidzwa nemamwe
mazwi epamubvunzo. Kazhinji nzira iyi ndeyekuda kuziva zita remunhu kana
vanhu.

Sokuti :
- Unonzi ani?
- Ndiani wauri kutaura naye ipapo?
- Mwana uyo ndewani?

iii)
Kushandisa /-ngani/
Nzira iyi inototi ibatanidzwe nemamwe mazwi ari pamubvunzo.
Panoshandiswa -ngani panenge pachibvunzwa uwandu hwezvinhu kuti
zvingani.
Sokuti;
• Unoenda kuchikoro kangani pamwedzi?
• Munogara muri vangani pamba pano?

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 • MuZimbabwe mune vanhu vangani vava kugona kushandisa
makombiyuta?

iv)
Kushandisa /ko/
Chiumbamubvunzo ichi chinoshandiswa chakazvimirira chega. Nzira
iyi inoratidza kusagutsikana kwemubvunzi uyewo unouya kwekutanga
kwemubvunzo.
Sokuti;
• Ko, mavhara kambani mangwanani ano?
• Ko, munomuda?
• Ko, makazoenda?

v)
Kushandisa /-ko/
Nzira iyi haimiri yoga. Inototi ibatanidzwe nemamwe mazwi. Inonyanya
kubvunza mamiriro ezvinhu nekudawo kunzwisisa zvimwe zvinhu.
Sokuti;
• Watiiko?
• Makadiiko zvenyu?
• Wakadiiko kutizivisa pachiri nenguva?
• Unodeiko zvawakangoti undundu ipapo?

vi)
Kushandisa /rinhi/ kana /riini/
Mhando iyi inogona kushanda pose, pakuzvimirira yoga kana pakubatanidzwa
nemamwe mazwi ichida kubvunza nguva yekuitika kwechinhu.
Sokuti;
• Mwana uyu akaberekwa rinhi?
• Ndiriini wamakatama?
• Munopedza basa iri riini?

vii) Kushandisa /-i/

Nzira iyi haigone kuzvimirira yoga. Inobvunza rudzi kana mhando yechinhu.
Sokuti;
• Uri munhu rudzii asina hunhu?
• Mwanai aberekwa?
• Isadza rei ramabika pano?

viii) Kushandisa /-pi/

Iyi inzira yekubvunza inogona kusarudza chinhu pane zvimwe. Haikwanise
kumira iri yoga
Sokuti;
• Unobvepi?
• Ndeupi wawaziva pavatatu vari pano?
• Muri kugarepi mazuva ano?

ix) Kushandisa/handiti/
Ichi chiumbamubvunzo chinozvimirira choga. Chinogona kuuya kwekutanga

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 kana kwekupedzisira kwemubvunzo. Nzira iyi inoumba mubvunzo unotarisira
mhinduro yekubvumirana nezvabvunzwa.
Sokuti;
• Mhondi dzinofanira kufira mujeri, handiti?
• Handiti, mwana wake uyu mukuru akazoenda mhiri kwemakungwa?
• Une vana vatatu handiti?

x) Kushandisa/sei, ngei, ngenyi, nei, nemhaka yei, nomhaka hwai/

Mazwi ose aya inzira imwe chete yokubvunza chikonzero.
Sokuti:
• Sei uchigarokumbira zvokudya zvevanhu?
• Nemhaka yei uchienda kuchikoro nezera rako iri?
• Ngenyi muchidaro?

xi)
Kushandisa /nhai/
Chiumbamubvunzo ichi chinogona kuva kwekutanga kana kwekupedzisira
kwemubvunzo. Kana chikauya kwekupedzisira zvinoita semubvunzi ari
kukanuka kana kukahadzika. Nzira iyi inopa mubvunzo unotarisira mhinduro
yekubvumira.
Sokuti;
• Ndizvo zvawakaita nhai?
• Nhai vanhuwe, ndoita hwokudii?
• Zvawatokura nhai?

xii)
Kushandisa/ kani, kanhi/
Nzira iyi inozvimirira yoga uye inouya kwekupedzisira kwemubvunzo. Nzira
iyi inoumba mubvunzo unotarisira mhinduro yokubvumirana nezvabvunzwa
sezvawamboona pane imwe nzira iri pamusoro apo.
Sokuti;
• Murume uyo anorwara kanhi?
• Unomuziva kani?
• Haurwadziwe kanhi?

xiii) Kushandisa /-su/

Chiumbamubvunzo ichi chinobatanidzwa nemamwe mazwi emubvunzo. Nzira
iyi inoumba mubvunzo unoburitsa kusafara kana kunyunyuta.
Sokuti;
• Ndimisu?
• Unofamba nayesu?
• Hauzivisu kuti mwana wehuku anodya ndearipo?

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xiv) Kushandisa hwidzazwi /H/
Nzira iyi haiwonekwe kana kunyoreka sezvataita dzimwe nziri dziri pamusoro
idzo. Tinofunga kuti pawava wava kuziva kuti kukwidza kana kudzikisa izwi
pakuridudza kunokwanisa kurishandura zvarinoreva. Naizvozvo izwi kana
chirevo chinogona kushanduka kuva mubvunzo kana tikakwidza izwi pariri
kana pachiri.

Tebhuru yemuenzaniso wechiumbamubvunzo chehwidzazwi

Izwi Mubvunzo
Mwana Mwana?
Kumunda Kumunda?
Dzadya Dzadya?
Imbudzi Imbudzi?

Kana pari pachirevo kazhinji hwidzazwi inobuda kumacheto, pazwi rokupedzisira

pamubvunzo.
Sokuti;
• Ava ndivo vana venyu?
• Iri ibhuku rangu?
• Wakati hautide?
• Mombe dzangu dzadya mumunda maVaChigotsi?

Mazwi ose akaiswa mutsara pasi ndiwo anokwidzwa kuti uve mubvunzo. Handiti
uri kuona kuti wabva wava mubvunzo unotoda mhinduro. Asiwo, kana pasina
hwidzazwi pazwi rekupedzisira iri, chinongovawo chirevo chakazara. Tarisa zvatiri
kureva.
• Ava ndivo vana venyu.
• Iri ibhuku rangu.
• Wakati hautide.
• Mombe dzangu dzadya mumunda maVaChigotsi.

Ukaverenga zvirevo izvi wakadzikisa mazwi uchaona kuti hazvidi mhinduro.

Zvinongovawo zvirevo zviri kungozivisa zviripo. Kana tikazokwidza mazwi
ekumacheto ayo inobva yava mibvunzo.

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 Zvokuita 24.3.1
1. Shandisa zviumbamubvunzo zvinotevera kuumba mibvunzo
i) - pi
ii) - rinhi/riini
iii) - ani
iv) Sei
v) hwidzazwi (5)

2. Ndedzipi nzira dzokuumba nadzo mibvunzo dzashandiswa mumibvunzo

inotevera?
i) Imi amai imi, mune vana vangani?
ii) Wadiiko kudya nevamwe?
iii) Mamuudza here zvataurwa nasekuru Chigubhu?
iv) Vana vake vose vaenda kuchikoro?
v) Ko, zvauya veduwee? (5)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Ndinotenda kuti wanyatsoongorora mibvunzo iri pamusoro ukaedza kuumba

mibvunzo uchishandisa zviumbamibvunzo zvawapiwa. Zvino tinoda kuti
uchienzanisa zvawawana nemhinduro dzinotevera.
1 i) Uri kuendepi Chipo?
ii) Wakapedza riini chikoro?
iii) Mune zvikoro zvingani mudunhu renyu?
iv) Sei vana vemazuva ano vasisaremekedze vakuru vavo?
v) Uchiri kugara kuGweru?

2. i) - ani
ii) - ko
iii) here
iv) sei
v) hwidzazwi

24.4 Rondedzero -Zvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira - mitemo

yekuchengetedzwa kwezvinyorwa
Muzvitsauko zviviri zvakapfuura takataura pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira
izvo zvatinotenda kuti wakatanga zvako uye watova padanho riri nani pakunyora
kwako. Zvino muchikamu chino, tinoda kuti uzive mitemo yekuchengetedzwa
kwezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Hapana munhu angada kuti kana akazviitira basa
rake, unongozivawo nekurwadza kwarinoita, pamwe pacho uchirara wakagara,
pamwewo kurasikirwa nezvimwe zvawaikwanisa kuita uchinyora zvinyorwa zvako,
mumwe munhu ongokutorera otoita zvake asinawo kuzivisa vaari kunyorera kuti
hazvisi zvake. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, pakaiswa mitemo inochengetedza zvinyorwa izvi.

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Pane yawakambonzwa here kana kuti yaunoziva?

MuZimbabwe mune mutemo unonzi Copyright and Neigbouring Right Act chapter
26:05 Mabasa ane mitemo yekumachengeta muZimbabwe ndeanosanganisira
zvinyorwa zvekuzvifungira zvakasiyana-siyana, zvigadzirwa,zvemumhanzi nemafirimu.
Unoda kuti unzwisise kuti mitemo iyi inosiyanisa munyori nemuridzi wezvinyorwa.
Mumwe anogona kushandisa mumwe munhu kunyora zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana.
Apa muridzi ndiye anenge aine simba rose. Ngatitorei muenzaniso wemapepanhau.
Kune vatapi venhau vanonyora nyaya vakamirira muridzi wepepa sekuti Kwayedza.
Naizvozvo zvinyorwa izvi hazvizova zvemunyori anova iye mutapi wenhau asi
kuti ndezveKwayedza nokuti ndiyo muridzi wezvinyorwa izvi kana zvichinge
zvazotsikiswa.

Kuratidzirwa kwezvinyorwa
Muridzi wezvinyorwa anofanirwa kutaurwa panoverengwa kana kutevedzerwa
kwezvinyorwa zvake. Ane mvumo yekusungisa vanhu vanoshandisa zvinyorwa zvake
vasina kumuudza kana kuti voshandisa mazita avo.

24.5 Musambo - Indavhiyu

Sezvawakaona muzvikamu zvakapfuura, munhu anoda kuziva musambo
wekushandisa panguva dzakafanira. Hunhu hunobuda pamapfekero nepanoshamisa
munhu muromo wake achitaura. Mapfekero ane zvakawanda zvaanotaura pamusoro
pemunhu. Naizvozvo uchaona kuti hunhu hwemunhu nemapfekero hazvisiyane.
Imbotora mukana uno kufunga zvaunoziva zvinopfekwa nevanhu nekuzvipa hunhu
hungabuda ipapo kunyangwe munhu asati ashamisa muromo wake kuti ataure
chinhu. Ukatarisa munhu nemapfekero ake chete unokwanisa kunyora bhuku
rakazara nekuti mapfekero mashoko akakwana anojekesa hunhu hwemunhu.
Dambudziko ratava naro mazuva ano nderekuti vanhu havachaziva zvekupfeka
nepekuzvipfekera izvo zviri kuzoita kuti vapinde mumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana
vasina kuzvigadzirira. Muchitsauko chino tinoda kuti uzive pamusoro pemusambo
unoshandiswa paindavhiyu nepakushandisa nhare kunyanya dzepabasa. Tisati
tapfuurira mberi, ndinoda kuti umboita kabasa kari pazasi apa.

Zvokuita 24.5.1
Ndinoda kuti unyatsoongorora mifananidzo inotevera. Kana wapedza
wanyatsogutsikana ndinoda kuti unyora pasi pemufananidzo umwe neumwe kuti
vanhu vane mapfekero akadai vangadai vachiendepi uye vaine hunhu hwakadii?

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Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti pakuongorora kwawaita mifananidzo neruzivo rwawava narwo

pawasvika apa wakwanisa kutsanangura zvinotevera pamusoro pezvinorehwa
nemapfekero akasiyana-siyana.

218
-Vanhu ava vanoratidza Vanhu ava vanoratidza -Vanhu vane mapfekero
kuti kuti
vari kuenda kumutambo. vari kuenda kubasa kana akadai vanoratidza kurasa
pane kutsiga kuri kunzvimbo ine hunhu hweChiShona
kuwonekwa pamapfekero vanoremekedzwa hapana rutsigo rwuri
avo. kana munhu achipfeka kubuda pavari
mapfekero avo akadai anoratidza vanoratidza kuva
anoenderana nekwavari rutsigo nekuva nehunhu nemisikanzwa yakadzika
kuenda. hwakanaka chaiyo
vanoremekedza mapfekero akadai vanotoita sevanonwa
akavakoka. anojekesa kuti munhu doro pamwe nekuputa
vane rukudzo kuvanhu haaite zvokutamba kana zvinodhaka
vavachasangana navo zvisina basa havana wavanoteerera
kwavari kuenda mapfekero akadai anoita vanokwanisa kuenda pane
kuti munhu awane chero nzvimbo vakapfeka
zvaanoda paasvika pose mupfekero wakadai
pasina kana umwe zvake
wavanotya
Hapana munhu anoita
hanya navo chero vakada
kutaura zvine musoro
hapana anombovateerera.

Tinotenda kuti kubva pakabasa kawaita pamusoro waona kuti pane mashoko
akawanda chaizvo aunogona kubuda nawo nekutarisa mupfekero unenge wakaita
munhu. Zvino kubva pamifananidzo A, B kana C ndinoda kuti undiudze kuti ndevapi
vanhu vakapfeka sevari kuenda kuindavhiyu. Sei wasarudza ivavo? Ndinovimba kuti
wanongedzera pana B. Hongu ndizvozvo chaizvo. Kuindavhiyu munhu anoenda
akapfeka zvakadzikama. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ari kurevesa pakuda basa iri uye kuti
anozokwanisa kumirira kambani iyi zvakanaka.

Indavhiyu
A.Chii chinonzi indavhiyu?
Indavhiyu ibvunzo yekubvunzwa munhu achipindura nemuromo akatarisana
nevakuru vepabasa raakanyorera kuti anorida. Kana munhu achitsvaga basa
kana nzvimbo yechikoro kana magwaro ekuenda mhiri kwemakungwa anotanga
anyora tsamba. Kana asarudzwa pavazhinji vanenge vanyorera anozonzi auye
iye mbune kuzobvunzwa mibvunzo yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pebasa, chikoro
kana zvehupenyu hwake. Uku ndiko kunozonzi kuindavhiyu. Tinovimba panguva
ino wava nemaindavhiyu awakamboendawo kana awakambonzwa vamwe vanhu
vachidaidzwa kwaari.

B.Gadziriro yeindavhiyu
Kana uchinge wadaidzwa kuindavhiyu, une zvinhu zvaunofanira kugadzirira usati
waendako. Gadziriro iyi inokubatsira chose kuti ubudirire paindavhiyu iyi, naizvozvo
inofanirwa kukosheswa.

219
• Chokutanga munhu anofanirwa kuita tsvakurudzo yakakwana pamusoro
pekambani yaari kuda kuzoshandira iyi. Ziva zita rekambani, gore
rayakatanga, zvinangwa zvayo, kwainowanikwa nezvimwe zvakadaro.
• Ziva zvakare zvose zvinoitwapo nemaitirwo azvo, kunyanya nezvebasa rauri
kutsvaga racho chairo. Apa indaneti inogona kubatsira chose. Rangarira kuti
munenge makawanda naizvozvo unoda kuva nemhinduro dzine udzamu
dzichaita kuti utorwe pakati pevamwe.
• Unogona kuva nemunhu anoshandapo kana aimboshandapo waunoziva,
zvingakubatsira zvakare kuti umubvunzewo mimwe mibvunzo inogona
kuzokubatsira muindavhiyu.
• Gadzirisa nhumbi dzaunozopfeka zuva iri. Usapfeka nhumbi dzakati bha-a
pamavara seunoenda kumabiko.Tsvaga nhumbi dzine ruvara rwepfumbu kana
rwakadzima. Musoro wako wova wakagerwa zvakanaka kana uri munhurume
kana uri munhukadzi wogadzira bvudzi zvakadzikama kwete kusiya rakati
nyangarara. Rangarira kuti ndamboti mapfekero ane zvakawanda zvaanotaura
pamusoro pemunhu. Vakuru vedu vane tsumo inoti, Chinofadza chinotanga
kugutsa meso. Naizvozvo unoda kuti vauri kunoona muindavhiyu vagutsikane
newe usati wabvunzwa kana chinhu.
• Bata zuva nenguva yawanzi usvike paindavhiyu.
• Ziva mafambiro aunoita kusvika pari kuitirwa indavhiyu ndokunge usiri iwe
wakaendesa tsamba yekutsvaga basa. Haudi kuzoona kuti kwauri hakuzi iko
idzo nguva dzatokwana.

C.Zuva reindavhiyu
Kana zuva reindavhiyu razosvika zvino, unotarisirwa kukoshesa nguva chaizvo.
Kazhinji unofanirwa kusvika pachiri nechidimbu cheawa kuti indavhiyu itange.
Apa ndokunge watononokesa. Munhu akangwara anosvika paine awa kana awa
nechidimbu. Izvi zvinobvira pakukurumidza kumuka chaiko zuva iri. Rongedza zvinhu
zvose kunyanya mapepa ako efundo nezvimwewo zvingadikanwa pabasa rauri
kutarisira kuwana.

Kukurumidza kusvika kunokubatsira chose kuti uwane nguva yekuzorora

nekudzikama, hana ichigadzikana. Kana ukanonoka kusvika uchaona kuti
haugadzikane, hana inenge ichingobika manhanga. Izvi zvinozoita kuti utadze
kupindura mimwe mibvunzo kunyangwe wakaita gadziriro yakakwana. Kana
ukakasika chero michovha ikakunetsa unokasika kutsvaga dzimwe mhindu dzinoita
kuti upfuurire mberi nerwendo rwako, uchingosvika nenguva yakanaka.Usati
wapinda muindavhiyu, itsika yakanaka kuti ungokwazisa vose vanenge vachipfuura
nepaunenge uri. Vazhinji vakazofoira indavhiyu vatadza kukwazisa vanhu vaipfuura
nepavari ndokuzovaona varivo vaivabvunza muindavhiyu. Zvinorwadza sei?

220
D. Zvii zvaunotarisirwa kuita muindavhiyu

• Kugogodza gonhi kamwe chete womira kusvika wanzi

upinde
• Kumira wokwazisa vanhu varimo zvakadzikama uye zvine
rukudzo. Izvi zvinoratidza tsika nehunhu hwakanaka uhwu
hunova hunokurudzirwa pabasa.
• Unogara pachigaro kana wapiwa bvumo chete.
• Pindura mibvunzo yawabvunzwa chete kwete kutaura
zvausina kubvunzwa.
• Tarisa uyo anenge akubvunza kwete kungomhanyisa meso kwese kwese kana
kutsikitsira. Kutarisa ari kukubvunza kunoratidza ushingi nekuva munhu kwaye
kwete tsotsi.
• Pakupindura mibvunzo, taura zvinonzwikwa nevanhu vese vanenge vari
muindavhiyu iyi. Usatsenga-tsenga mazwi kana kutaura nemumhino.
• Kazhinji muindavhiyu unopiwa mukana wekubvunza mubvunzo. Usatya
kubvunza hako uchifunga kuti vanozoti wakachenjeresa. Kana wapiwa
mukana wakadai chibvunza zvinoenderana nebasa rauri kuda kwete zvemari
kana muripo. Izvi zvinoita kuti dare reindavhiyu rifunge kuti uri munhu ane
nhafu.
• Kana zvose zvapera, unotarisirwa kutenda nemukana waunenge wapiwa uyu.
Kana wapedza kutenda wobuda zvakanaka uchifamba zvine mutsigo.

E. Zvii zvausingatarisirwe kuita muindavhiyu

Pane humwe hunhu netutsika twunoitwa nevanhu

twusingatarisirwe zvachose muindavhiyu. Hezvinoi zvimwe
zvacho;
• Kugara usina kunzi gara
• Kutsenga zviwitsi uchitaura nevanhu
• Kubvisa dzimwe dzenhumbi dzaunenge wakapfeka sejuzi
• Kugara wakaturika gumbo pamusoro perimwe
• Kupindura zvausina kubvunzwa
• Kutsikitsira uchipindura mibvunzo.

Tinovimba pfungwa dzatakunyeurira pamusoro peindavhiyu dzichakubatsira

kana newewo muupenyu kana wasvikawo panguva yokutsvagawo basa kana
kuzozvitarisirawo kune avo vaunenge wava kuindavhiyuwawo.

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 Zvokuita 24.5.1
Wongorora mifananidzo inotevera wozoedza kuita basa rawanzi uite riri pazasi

Basa retsvakurudzo
Panguva ino ndinoda kuti uchiita tsvakurudzo yemaindavhiyu akasiyana-siyana
kunyanya wakarerekera kune avo vari kukundikana mumaindavhiyu aya. Mifananidzo
iri pamusoro ichakubatsira kuona zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoita kuti vanhu vazhinji
vasabudirira. Tsvaga zviri kunyanya kutadzwa nevanhu ava. Zvii zvaungabatsira
nazvo vechidiki kana vana vachiri pazvikoro kuti vave neruzivo rwawava narwo
iwewe pamusoro pemaindavhiyu kuti kana nguva yavo yekuenda kumaindavhiyu
yakwana vasazoita mhosho dzinozoita kuti vakundikane.

24.8 Pfupiso yechitsauko

Tinovimba kuti muchitsauko chino wadzidza zvikuru pamusoro penjodzi

dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kuwira vanhu uyewo kudzivivirirwa kwadzo.
Wawedzerwawo ruzivo pamusoro pemutemo unochengetedza zvinyorwa kuitira kuti
kana wava kunyora zvakowo uzive zvinotarisirwa zvisingazokusungise nemutemo.
Tinodairazve kuti chitsauko chino chakwanisa kukuwonesa kukosha kweindavhiyu
nezvose zvawakafanira kuziva kana wanangana neindavhiyu ipi neipi muhupenyu
hwako.

24.5 BVUNZO
A.Pfupiso
1. Verenga tsamba inotevera unyatsoinzwisisa usati wapindura mubvunzo uchauya
kumashure kwayo.
House no 16351
Unit M
Seke
Chitungwiza

222
20 Nyamavhuvhu 2019

Wadiwa amai

Ndanyora tsamba iyi kwamuri kari kekutanga kubva pamakaenda ndichida

kukuzivisai zviri kuitika kuno. Ndinoziva kuti muchashamisika kwazvo nekuona
tsamba sezvo muchiziva kuti ndine nharembozha. Hongu, ndingadai ndaita
kukuchairai runhare asi, nharembozha iya yamakanditengera yakatorwa namainini
Chipo.

Amai, isu kuno tatambudzika, tiri kurarama seshiri tichiita zvekupambara chaizvo.
Sekuvimbisa kwamakaita pamakaenda kuDubai kuti muchapota muchitumira mari
yekuti tiwane chouviri, ndinovimba muri kuzadzisa zvamakavimbisa. Dambudziko
guru rava pano nderekuti mari yose yamuri kutumira kuna mainini Chipo hatisi
kuona zvairi kuita pano. Mainini Chipo vaya vashanduka, muchavaziva here?
Vanosvika pano husiku vakadhakwa zuva rimwe nerimwe rakasikwa naMwari.
Kazhinji kacho vanouya nevarume vakasiyana-siyana vodzinga ini naTaurai
pamubhedha tonorara hedu kuimba yekubikira kuti vawane kusasana nevarume
ava. Vanouya nezvikafu zvavo zvavanenge vatenga kana nyama yakagochwa vodya
takatarisa. Ndinofunga kuti vari kutoshandisa mari yamunovatumira kuti isu tidyewo
tichiguta.

Kutaura kuno, tava kuda kutodzingwa pamba pamakatisiya sezvo muridzi wemba
anogara achingopopota kuti hapana mari yerendi yaari kupiwa kupera kwemwedzi
woga woga. Muridzi wepamba aitotsvaga nhamba dzenyu itsva kuti atoita
kutaura nemi ega pamusoro pemari iyi pamwe nekukuudzai nezvehupenyu hwatiri
kurararma nekuti mainini Chipo vatishungurudza. Ndakatombovanzwa vachiti
vakakubatai vanobva vakupai akaundi yekuti mutumire mari iyi kwavari nekuti
mainini Chipo havasi kuvapa kana dhora zvaro.

Amaika , isu kuno muchawana tafa nenzara. Kana tawanawo chekudya musi iwoyo
,amai vepamba pano ndivo vanotombotipawo zvishoma zvinenge zvasara mumba
mavo sezvo muchiziva kuti ivo vane vana vakawandawo chaizvo. Tinoda kuvatenda
nemoyo munyoro wavari kutiratidza, zviri kutombotibatsira.

Chimwe chikuru chiri kunyanya kutishungurudza ndechekuti kuchikoro hatisi

kunyatsoenda zvakanaka. Temu yapera hatina kukwanisa kuenda kuchikoro tese
naTau nekuti mari yechikoro haina kubhadharwa. Mabhuku nezvimwe zvose
zvinodiwa kuti kudzidza kuendeke mainini Chipo havatengi. Vanongogara
vachipopota kuti mari yacho inobvepi. Shamwari dzedu ndidzo dzinopfuura nepano
zuva nezuva dzichitiona nekutizivisa zviri kuitika kuchikoro. Vakatiudza kuti kuchikoro
kwava kunakidza chaizvo sezvo kwava neBumbiro idzva iro rinoita kuti kuve nevhiki
rose ravanenge vachiita zvemitambo yakaita sebhora, kumhanya, kuimba, mitambo

223
yechinyakare nezvimwe zvakadaro. Izvi zviri kuitirwa kuti mwana umwe neumwe
awane mukana wekuratidzira chipo chake chaakapiwa naMwari. Sekuziva kwenyu
amai, ini ndinofarira kunyora nziyo nekuimba, naizvozvo, zviri kundirwadza chose
kuona vamwe vezera rangu vachienda kuchikoro ini ndichisara.

Nguva zhinji ndava kuita basa rekunocherera vanhu mvura ndichiripwa kuti
tingowanawo chekudya dzimwe nguva topiwa zvekupfeka. Mashoko anodzimba
chose kukuudzai kuti sisi Tinashe vakatizira vatadza nhamo yepano iyi. Vakatosiira
chikoro panzira vasisaendewo vakazoguma vaenda kumukomana wavo vachiti
pamwe zvingaite nani. Vaigarochema vachiti zvinobatsirei kuenda kuchikoro
usina anokubhadharira mari, zvipfeko nemabhuku ekushandisa. Vakatoroorwa
kuMbare chaiko amai. Mainini Chipo ndivo vanotiudza kuti vanogara vachivaona
vachitengesa pamusika weMbare.

Kututsira pane mamwe matambudziko, svondo rapera rino iri, ambuya Chose
vakauya natete Sabhina vachida kutitorera midziyo inoti, firiji, mubhedha
neterevhizheni. Vaiti vanoda kutora zvinhu zvemwana wavo sezvo kubva zvakashaya
baba, imi amai hamusi kuenda nesu kumusha tichinovaona. Vari kutizve imi ndimi
makauraya baba kuti muwane kuenda kumhiri kwamuri uko munosasana nevamwe
varume ikoko.

Ko, makadii zvenyu nebasa ikoko? Isu kuno hatina mufaro nemamiriro akaita zvinhu.
Mainini Chipo vanoita setisiri vana vemukoma wavo chaiye. Ndinonzwisisa chose
kuti haisi nyore kuwana zvakawanda kwamuri ikoko asiwo, dai maedza nepose
pamunogona kuti mumbodzoka kuno mugadzirise zvinhu. Munokwanisa zvakare
kutumira mari kuna amai vepano nekumukuru wechikoro kuti tikwanisewo kuenda
kuchikoro, rendi ikabhadharwa uye tichidyawo. Kana zvichinetsa izvozvo, munogona
kutitora hedu tigare nemi ikoko sezvo vakuru vachiti nzou hairemerwe nenyanga
dzayo.

Ndingafare chose kana ndikagamuchira tsamba inobva kwamuri. Musi

wandinokuonai, ndinobata denga nemufaro.

Ndini mwana wenyu

Tariro

a) Nyora pfupiso yetsamba iyi nemazwi asingapfuuri makumi mashanu. (10)

B. Rondedzero (50)
2. Nyora rondedzero pamusoro pemumwe wemisoro inotevera
a) Nyora matambudziko anosangana nevana vane vabereki vanogara kunze
kwenyika nekuda kwemabasa.
b) Nyora tsamba inoenda kuna tete kana sekuru vako uchitsanangura kwavari
kusanzwisisana kwauri kuita nevabereki vako avo vasingafarire mudiwa wako.

224
c) Miromo yevakuru haiwiri pasi.

C.Mashandisirwo emutauro (10)

3. Rongazve mazwi etsumo dzinotevera kuti uburitse tsumo chaiyo
a) wafa urema seka
b) nenyanga nzou dzayo hairemerwi
c) huru mukurerwa yakabva nzombe
d) dzikudye ronda chakupa chati nhunzi
e) maruva haaperi zingizi pamwe gonyera enyika (5)

4. Ipa enzaniso kutsananguro dzinotevera.

a) Munhu anoshanda nesimba i_________________
b) Munhu anorara zvakanyanya i_________________
c) Munhu anotyisa zvikuru i______________
d) Munhu akangwara i________________
e) Mwanasikana akanaka semare i____________
(5)
D. Maumbirwo emutauro (20)
5. Doma mhando shanu dzenyaudzosingwi uchipa muenzaniso pamhando imwe
neimwe (10)

6. Ndedzipi nzira dzokuumba nadzo mibvunzo dzashandiswa mumibvunzo

inotevera.
a) Ko, zvauya veduwee?
b) Wati wava nevazukuru vaviri?
c) Nyaya iyi handiti unoiziva yose sekutaurwa kwayo?
d) Wamuudza here zvawaudzwa nemurairidzi wake?
e) Ndiani apfuura nepano nhasi? (5)

7. Shandisa zviumbamibvunzo zvinotevera kuumba mibvunzo yakakodzera.

a) /-su/
b) /-pi/
c) /nhai/
d) /nemhaka yei/
e) /H/ Hwidzazwi (5)

E. Misambo yemutauro (10)

8 i). Tsanangura unhu kana maitiro anobudiswa neumwe neumwe wevatauri
vanotevera.
a) Panhare anodavira achiti, ‘Mutimunyoro Secondary School. Muri kudei?’
b) ‘Ndadzoka nemukaka wenyu. Munoita basa rekutengesera vanhu mukaka
wakaora. Ndabva mukuutenga nguva pfupi yapfuura.’
c) Ndeipi yako Tapiwa? Ko, mudhara vakasiya nyemba riinhi?
d) ‘Kapfambi aka kari kundipomera nhumbu yako. Ini handikazive uye kari
kundinyepera.’

225
e) ‘Tava nemwedzi wose tisina mvura asi muchititorera mari dzedu. Mari iyoyo iri
kushandei?’ (5)
ii). Nyora zvakare nhaurwa dziri pamusoro nemutauro wakakodzerana
nemusambo wenhaurwa yacho.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti waita tsvakurudzo yakakwana ukaedza chose kudzokorora basa

rawakaverenga muzvitsauko zvitatu zvakapfuura. Hedzinoi dzimwe dzeMhinduro
dzinotarisirwa padzokororo yawabva mukuita iyi.

A.Pfupiso
1. Nyora pfupiso yetsamba iyi nemazwi asingapfuuri makumi mashanu. (10)

Pfungwa huru dziri mutsamba iyi dzinobudisa pfupiso yakanaka ndedzinotevera;

- Tariro ari kunyorera amai vake tsamba achivataurira matambudziko aari
kusangana nawo mukugara kwavo nemunin’ina wamai vake Chipo.
- Tariro anotaurira mai vake kuti Chipo aisavapa mari yavaitumidzira.
- Chipo haabhadhare mari yemba kana kutenga zvokuti vadye.
- anoti zviri nani kuti amai vatumire mari kumuridzi wemba.
- Tariro anorwadziwa nekusaenda kuchikoro nekuti havasi kubhadharirwa mari
yechikoro. Ari kuda kuenda kuchikoro kunoitawo zviri mubumbiro idzva zviri
kuitwawo nevamwe
- anotaura kurwadziwa kwake nehanzvadzi yake Tinashe, iyo yakasiira chikoro
panzira ichinoroorwa nekuda kwenhamo yepamusha
- anoudzazve amai nezvatete Sabhina vanoda kutora midziyo vachiti ndivo
vakauraya hanzvadzi yavo
- anokumbira mai vake kuti vatumire mari yechikoro kumukuru wechikoro,
kuuya kuzogara navo kana kuzovatora voendawo kwavari ikoko.

Pfungwa idzi kana dzabatanidzwa dzinobudisa pfupiso ine mazwi asingapfuure

makumi mashanu sezvauchaona pazasi apa.

Tariro anyorera amai tsamba achivataurira matambudziko avari kuona mukugara

naChipo. Chipo haabhadhare imba kana kutenga chikafu. Tariro anorwadziwa
nekusaenda kuchikoro kuti anoitawo zviri mubumbiro idzva sevamwe.
Anorwadziwa nehanzvadzi yake Tinashe, yakasiya chikoro ichinoroorwa. Tete
Sabhinawo vanoda kutora midziyo vachiti amai vakauraya hanzvadzi yavo.
Anozovakumbira kuti vatumire mari kuchikoro nekunasaimba kana kuzogara
navo.
(mazwi makumi mashanu)

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B. Rondedzero (50)
2. Nyora rondedzero pamusoro pemumwe wemisoro inotevera
d) Nyora matambudziko anosangana nevana vane vabereki vanogara kunze
kwenyika nekuda kwemabasa.
Vana vane vabereki vanogara kunze kwenyika nekuda kwemabasa vanosangana
nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira anotevera
• Kubatwa chibharo
• Kushaya zvokudya nezvekupfeka
• Kusabhadharirwa mari yechikoro
• Kuenda kuchikoro vasina zvekushandisa zvakakwana
• Kushandiswa zvakapfurikidza zvekushaiswa nguva yekuzorora kana kuita basa
rekumba kana kuverenga
• Kusadzidziswa hunhu hwakanaka
• Kurohwa vamwe vachitokuvadzwa
• Kunyengedzwa
• Kushandisa zvinodhaka
• Kutamba neshamwari dzine hunhu hwakashata poshaya anodzoreredza.

e) Nyora tsamba inoenda kuna tete kana sekuru vako uchitsanangura kwavari
kusanzwisisana kwauri kuita nevabereki vako avo vasingafarire mudiwa wako.
Iyi itsamba yekuhama kana shamwari naizvozvo inofanirwa kunge iine kero imwe
chete. Dzimwe pfungwa dzaungaise mutsamba iyi ndedzinotevera;
• Zvakatanga apo vabereki vaziva kuti mudiwa wangu anobva kumhuri
isingawane zvakakwana
• Vanoti anokupedzera zvose zvauinazvo
• Haana zvekupfeka zvakawanda
• Taurai navo kuti moyo muti unomera paunoda
• Ini wangu mwoyo wakaperera pamudiwa wangu
• Hupfumi hausiwo hunoita kuti vanhu vadanane
• Rudo rwunokosha kudarika zvose izvo
• Tete vauye kuzoona vabereki nekuvaudza kuti vagamuchire mudiwa wangu
sezvaari

f) Miromo yevakuru haiwiri pasi.

Rondedzero yetsumo inoda kuti utange wanzwisisa chokwadi chezvinoreva tsumo
iyi. Kana wapa nhanganyaya yekududzira tsumo iyi yedzazve kuchibatanidza
nekanyaya kako wakaisa zita remutambi mukuru.

Tsumo iyi inoreva kuti kana vakuru vakataura mashoko eyambiro nyatsoateerera
nekumazeya nekuti panenge pane zvavakosha zvinenge zvichiyambirwa kana
vakuru vataura. Vakuru vane ruzivo nekuti vakapfuura nepakawanda nekudzidza
zvakawanda. Ukasazviteerera mangwana unogona kuzozvidemba zviya zvainzi zvine
njodzi zvaitika kwauri sekutaurwa kwazvakaitwa.
Unotarisirwa kuchiruka nyaya yemunhu aiudzwa nevakuru kuti asafamba
nenzira yavakamboona ichikuvadzisa vamwe kana kuti yavakambofamba nayo

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ikavakuvadzisawo. Munhu uyu haazviteerere panguva yazvinenge zvichitaurwa asi
anozozvidemba kana zvakaipa zviya zvaaiudzwa zvazoitika kwaari mushure mekunge
azofamba nenzira iya. Munhu uyu ngaasafe asi ngaasangane nezvinorwadza zvekuti
anofanira kuyeuka mashoko evakuru aye.

C.Mashandisirwo emutauro (10)

3. Rongazve mazwi etsumo dzinotevera kuti uburitse tsumo chaiyo
f) Seka urema wafa.
g) Nzou hairemerwi nenyanga dzayo.
h) Nzombe huru yakabva mukurerwa.
i) Chakupa ronda chati nhunzi dzikudye.
j) Zingizi gonyera pamwe maruva enyika haaperi. (5)

4. Ipa enzaniso kutsananguro dzinotevera.

a) Munhu anoshanda nesimba idhongi chairo.
b) Munhu anorara zvakanyanya idahwa chairo.
c) Munhu anotyisa zvikuru ishumba chaiyo.
d) Munhu akangwara itsuro chaiyo.
e) Mwanasikana akanaka semare inyenye/nyenyedzi (5)

D.Maumbirwo emutauro (20)

5. Doma mhando shanu dzenyaudzosingwi uchipa muenzaniso pamhando imwe
neimwe
i) Nyaudzosingwisiri sokuti go, n’a
ii) Nyaudzosingwi dzakabva kune zvimwe zvipandi zveChiShona sokuti; tore,
fambe, cheneru
iii) Nyaudzosingwi dzakadzokororwa sokuti, mba mba mba, nga nga
iv) Nyaudzosingwi dzinoburitsa muririro wechinhu sokuti, ngirririri, kukurigo-o
v) Nyaudzosingwi dzepfumvunuro sokuti, kochono, turunu (10)

6. Ndedzipi nzira dzokuumba nadzo mibvunzo dzashandiswa mumibvunzo

inotevera.
a) Ko, zvauya veduwee? - kushandisa /Ko/
b) Wati wava nevazukuru vaviri?- kushandisa /H/ hwidzazwi
c) Nyaya iyi handiti unoiziva yose sekutaurwa kwayo? - kushandisa /handiti/
d) Wamuudza here zvawaudzwa nemurairidzi wake? - kushandisa /here/
e) Ndiani apfuura nepano nhasi? - kushandisa /-ani/ (5)

7. Shandisa zviumbamibvunzo zvinotevera kuumba mibvunzo yakakodzera.

a) /-su/
Haudisu kuenda neni?
b) /-pi/
Wava kugarepi mazuva ano?
c) /nhai/
Unondida nhai?

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d) /nemhaka yei/
Nemhaka yei muchirwa?
e) /H/ Hwidzazwi
Muchiri kugara mose? (5)

E. Misambo (10)
8 i). Tsanangura unhu kana maitiro anobudiswa neumwe neumwe wevatauri
vanotevera.
a) Panhare anodavira achiti, ‘Mutimunyoro Secondary School. Muri kudei?’
Mapinduriro aya anoratidza munhu ane hunhu hwekuzvikudza asingade
kunetswa pabasa
b) ‘Ndadzoka nemukaka wenyu. Munoita basa rekutengesera vanhu mukaka
wakaora. Ndabva mukuutenga nguva pfupi yapfuura.’
Matauriro aya anoratidza munhu ane hasha ari kushoora vechitoro
nekutengesa mukaka wakaora.
c) Ndeipi yako Tapiwa? Ko, mudhara vakasiya nyemba riinhi?
Kuita jee nedambudziko remumwe. Kutora rufu sedambe asingaratidze tsitsi.
d) ‘Kapfambi aka kari kundipomera nhumbu yako. Ini handikazive uye kari
kundinyepera.’
Mashoko aya anotaurwa nemunhu ari kutya mhosva saka ari kushoora
musikana.
e) ‘Tava nemwedzi wose tisina mvura asi muchititorera mari dzedu. Mari iyoyo iri
kushandei?’

Mashoko anoratidza kurwadziwa nekuripira mvura isipo kana kuti isingabude patepi.
Anoratidzazve kusagutsikana nebasa riri kuitwa nevashandi ava.
(5)
ii) . Musambo wakakodzera unotarisirwa panhaurwa imwe neimwe.
a) ‘Mutimunyoro Secondary School. Ndingakubatsirei nei?
b) ‘Ndatengawo mukaka uyu muno asi, pandauvhura ndaona wakakora.’
c) ‘Waswera sei Tapiwa. Ko baba vakashaika riinhi?’
d) ‘Musikana uyu ari kundipomera pamuviri pasiri pangu. Ini handimuzivi uye ari
kundinyepera.’
e) ‘Pamusoroi, ndauyawo nemapepa andakabhadhara mvura, uye kukuzivisai
kuti ndava nenguva nzvimbo yatiri isingasvike mvura.’

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CHITSAUKO 25 NHAKA YOMUSIIDZANWA
Zviri mukati
25.1 Nzwisiso nepfupiso -Nhaka yomusiidzanwa
25.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro -Dzokororo yezvirungamutauro
25.3 Maumbirwo emutauro -Dzokororo
25.4 Rondedzero - Mhosvo pakunyora rondedzero
25.5 Musambo - Kushandisa nhare dzepabasa
25.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko
25.7 Bvunzo

Nhanganyaya
Tinako kutenda kuti pawasvika apa zvino wava neruzivo rwakavandudzika pamusoro
pemutauro wako. Tinovimba zvakare kuti wava kukwanisa kuyemura mutauro wako
pakati pemimwe mitauro. Zvitsauko zvose zvakapfuura zvakanyatsokwenenzvera
ruzivo rwako rwemutauro takanangana nenzwisiso nepfupiso dzemhando dzose,
mashandisirwo emutauro, maumbirwo awo, manyorerwo emhando dzakakasiyana-
siyana dzerondedzero pamwe nemisambo yekutaura. Pamusoro peunyanzvi
hwagara huchizivikanwa pamitauro yose hunoti kunyora, kuverenga, kutaura
nekuteerera, wakawanawo humwe unyanzvi hwekunyorawo zvinyorwa zvako
zvekuzvifungira. Kufunga zvine udzamu mukuedza kupindura mibvunzo yose
yaibvunzwa uye kutungamirira vamwe nehumwe hwakasiyana-siyana.

Muchitsauko chino takanangana nekupendera chinyorwa chino nenyaya yenhaka

yemusiidzanwa. Tichaongorora zvakare mashandisirwo ezvirungamutauro nemazvo.
Rondedzero dzisina mhosvo dzakanyanya ndidzo dzinokurudzirwa padanho rino,
tichataura nezvadzo muchitsauko chino. Maumbirwo ezviito pamwe nekushandiswa
kwenhare dzepabasa nemazvo zvichaongororwa zvakare muchitsauko chino.

Unyanzvi hunodiwa pakunzvera

Kuti ubudirire muchitsauko chino unoda kuva neunyanzvi hunotevera

• 1 kugona kuverenga
• Kugona kunyora
• Kufunga zvine udzamu

Zvinangwa

Panopera chitsauko ichi unotarisirwa kunge wava kukwanisa;

• kupindura ndima yenzwisiso nemazvo uchiratidza kuti waverenga ukanzwisisa
• kudoma nhaka yemusiidzanwa
• kupfupisa ndima

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• kushandisa zvirungamutauro muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana
• kupatsanura zviito nekudoma zviumbiso zvacho
• kunyurura nekugadzirisa mhosvo dzinoitwa pakunyora rondedzero
• Kutsanangura zvinotarisirwa pakushandisa nhare dzepabasa.

Nguva: Unotarisirwa kuti upedze maawa gumi muchitsauko chino

Mazwi akakosha

Pakudzidza chitsauko chino uchasangana nemazwi akakosha matsva achakubatsira

kunzwisisa zviri muchitsauko chino. Heanoi mamwe emazwi aya nedudziro dzawo.
Nhaka - pfuma inogovewa kuvapenyu vanenge vasara
Runhare - mudziyo unoshandiswa kufambisa mashoko
Muhombodo - muhomwe

25.1 Nzwisiso nepfupisoNhaka yemusiidzanwa

Sekuru Chimuti vakafunga zvekushanyira vana vavo avo vaigara muguta reHarare.
Vakakwira bhazi rekutanga raibva kwaMutare zvokuti nguva dzerudziyakamwe
dzakazosara dzokwana vatova mumba maTakunda dangwe ravo. Munashe dangwe
raTakunda akauya akasvikotaura navo akamira zvake, ‘Aah ndisekuru here ava,
ndeipi sekuru muri sei?’ Ndinofara hangu mwana wemwana kana wakadiiwo.’
Vakapindura sekuru nechiso chine mufaro asi mumwoyo makazara kushushikana.
‘Ndiri bhoo hangu’, akadaro Takunda. Pariporipocho, sekuru vakaudza muzukuru
wavo kuti agare pasi pedyo pedyo navo. Vakatanga kutaura iye akanyatsoteya
nzeve.

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‘Munashe muzukuru zvawadai wakura, ini ndinenge ndisina kuita basa rakanaka
kana ndikafa ndisina kukusiira nhaka yetsika dzedu dzeChiShona. Unoona
kukura kudai, ndaona zvakawanda, ndanzwa zvakawanda uyewo ndapfuurawo
nepakawanda. Kare kare zvechikoro chaveko mazuva ano ichi zvisati zvaveko,
manheru oga oga pazvaigoneka, pwere dzemumana kana musha mumwe
dzaiungana kumba kwasarungano kunotaurirwa ngano. Sarungano uyu kazhinji
kacho anenge ari mbuya vemumana iroro vanenge vaine ruzivo rwezvakawanda
zvehupenyu netsika nemagariro anotarisirwa paChiShona chedu. Mbuya vakanga
vari munhu akareruka kuvana, uyewo semunhu anenge ava nemazuva pano pasi
vanenge vaine ruzivo rwengano zhinji idzo vaigona kuvandurira kuti dziwande kana
kunyanyonakidza. Zvino nditaurire muzukuru wangu, une ngano kana imwe chete
zvayo yawakambonzwawo here kukura kudai?’
‘Ha ha ha sekuru isu hatiite zvengano kuno. Isu tinoenda kuchikoro kana tadzoka
manheru amuri kutaura ayo tinenge tava paterevhizheni hedu kana pakombiyuta
iyo yamuri kuona iyo tichitamba magemu akasiyana-siyana.’ Akadaro Munashe
achitoseka hake.

Aiwa zvakanaka izvo muzukuru, asi muri kuona here kuti zvamuri kudzidza pazvinhu
zvawataura hazvinei netsika dzedu dzechivanhu. Zvakakosha kuti urambe uchinzwa
zvetsika dzedu kuti dzisaparare wozopawo vana vako kusvika kumazera achatevera
kana iwe wakwegurawo seni kudai. Ngano dzandareva dziya, dzakanga dziine basa
guru kwazvo muhupenyu hwevana ivava. Zhinji dzacho dzaidzidzisa kuti vana vaite
tsika dzakanaka nokuti ngano dzacho dzaitaurwa nenzira yokuti padzinoperera vana
vanenge vava kuziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa, munatsi nemukanaganisi, munyepi
neanotaura chokwadi nezvimwewo zvakadaro. Zvino …’

Munashe akabva adimburira sekuru panzira achibva avati,’ Zvino nhai sekuru, idzo
ngano dzavanatsuro nagudo dzaigobatsira vana kurodza pfungwa here sezvatinoita
kana tichitamba magemu? Haaa sekuru gemu unotoda kudzamisa pfungwa dzako
kuti ndikafambisa icho ndonosangana neicho zvichingodaro, zvino zvavanatsuro
izvo, paida kufunga here ipapo?’

‘Ndipo pamava kurasika vana vanhasi, munofunga kuti kugona kutamba

gemu rechizvinozvino ndiko kwega kunorodza pfungwa. Gemu racho ukada
kunyanyozvitarisisa unotoona kuti ahi kusvetuka kwetudhori nekumhanyisa motokari
kunotokuwedzerai misikanzwa. Zvino, ngano dzainyatsorodza pfungwa dzepwere
dzaiudzwa idzi. Pavaidzitaurirwa, vaibva vafungidzirawo nzvimbo dzacho, zvisikwa
zvacho kana vanhu vacho. Semuenzaniso kana pataurwa nezvatsuro raiva basa
revapwere ava kuziva kuti tsuro ine mhando yevanhu vainomirira muhupenyu
votobuda nedzidziso yeupenyu. Zvakare vaidzidza matauriro akanaka neakaipa,
zvirungamutauro nepazvinoshandiswawo pakakodzera.

Dzimwe ngano dzaiva nenziyo hahahaha idzi dzainakidzazve. Pwere dzaidzidzira

kuimba pamwe nekuwana dzidziso kubva panziyo idzi. Rega ndikurume nzeve
mwana womwana wekubereka, chirungu chakanaka hongu uye chiri kutibatsira
kunyanya imi makurira machiri asiwo, imimi muri vanhu vatema. Kunyangwe

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mukada kuchitevedzera sei, hamufi makaita varungu imi. Naizvozvo zvakakosha
kuti murambe muchidzidza tsika ne hunhu hwakanaka hwedu hweChiShona. Ipapo
muchaona kubudirira kwamunoita muhupenyu.’ Sekuru vakazosimbisa pfungwa
yavo, muzukuru wavo akagutsikana chaizvo.

‘Sekuruka ini ndabatsirika, regai ndichidaidza vamwe vangu mumbotitaurirawo

ngano imwe chete zvayo. Chakadaro chikomana chichimhanya kunodaidza vamwe
vacho.

Vakati vaungana zvino mumba sekuru vakabva vatanga kutaura ngano kwavari.

Vakomana vaishanduka kuita shumba Vaisanduka Kuita Sh

Kwaivepo nevakomana vana vaive nehushamwari hwepedyo. Zvino vakomana ava

vaisanduka vachiita shumba. Rimwe zuva vakaenda kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure
nekunyika yavo vachitsvaga vasikana vekuroora.
Vakasvika pane rimwe tsime ndokuona paine vasikana vana vaive vakanaka zvikuru.
Vakati, “Vasikana tinokumbirawo mvura yekunwa tafa nenyota.” Vasikana vaya
vakavapa mvura, ivo vakomana vaya ndokukonza vasikana vaye ndokudii,
ndokudiwa.
Vasikana vaya mushure mekuda vakomana vaya vakavakoka kumusha kwavo asi
nemhaka yekuti vakomana ava vane zvavaimhanyira vakati havaikwanisa kusvika
kumba kwevadiwa wavo. Vasikanawo nepamusana pekutya kurasikirwa nevakomana
vakanaka seava vakabva vangosarudza kuenda navo. Izvi zvakaitika mushure
mekunge vakomana ava vati, “Chero tichidana, tinogona kutizisana nhasi.”
Vasikanawo vakati, “Ngatiende kana mune idi rekuti munozotiwana.”

Pakapfimbwa vasikana ava nevakomana vavo vakange vaenda kutsime

nekahanzvadzi kavo. Pavakafunga kutizira vakomana vavo nepamusana pekutya
kurasikirwa nevakomana vakanaka seava vakaudza kahanzvadzi kavo kuti kadzoke
kumba asi iko kakaramba. Vakazama mhindu dzese kusanganisira kukarova asi
zvakashaya basa.
Kumagumo vakazowirirana kuti vaende nako.

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Vakabva varitanga runo rwendo rurefu. Pakudoka kwezuva vakomana vaya vakati,
“Madzimai, zuva radoka. Ngatitsvage patinorara usiku hwanhasi. Hatingafambi
nehusiku sezvinonzi tiri kutiza mumwe munhu kana kubva kune imwe nzvimbo.”
Vasikana vakabvuma sezvo vaive vanetawo nekuswerofamba. Vakomana vaya
vakatsvaga pachuru pane zvimiti pavakabatidza moto. Vakabika sadza sezvo
vakomana ava vaive vatakura upfu nechimukuyu. Sadza parakanga raibva
vakomana ava vakati kuvasikana vavo, “Mitemo yesango inoti kana madya nyama,
musan’un’une mapfupa achisara achena. Munofanira kusiya aine zvinyama kuitira
imbwa dzesango dzenzvimbo yamunenge masvika. Rasirai mapfupa kanhambo
kubva pamuri kuitira imbwa idzi.” Vakapa rairo iyi nechinangwa chekuti ivo
vazomuke vachipwanya mapfupa aya hwave husiku madzimai avo akakotsira.
Mushure mekudya vakaenda kunorara, vakomana vaya ndokusanduka kuita
shumba.
Vakatetena mabondo aya. Pavainakirwa kudai, kahanzvadzi kevasikana vaya kaiona
zvese zvaiitika asi hakana kuudza hanzvadzi dzako. Vakuwashashumba ava
havanawo kuziva kuti vaonekwa. Vakapedza kudya ndokurara.

Rechimangwana vakatangana narwo rwendo rwavo. Pazuva iri vakadzokorora

zvainge zvaitika nezuro wacho. Mangwanani ezuva rechitatu vakomana ava
vakati vaienda kurukova rwaive pedyo kundogeza. Pavakasimuka kuenda kurwizi,
kakomana kaya kakasara kakaudza hanzvadzi dzako kuti vakomana vavo vaive
vakamira sei. Kakati, “Vakomana venyu vanosanduka kuita shumba.” Vasikana ava
havana kugashira mashoko aya. Vakatotuka kahanzvadzi kavo vachiti, “Unonyepa.
Ndosaka tanga tisingadi kuuya newe.” Kakomana kaya kakabva karamba
kakanyarara.

Pazuva rechina vakasvika pane rimwe bako, vakomana vaya vakaudza vasikana vavo
kuti vaive vasvika pamba pavo. Vasikana vakaratidzwa kwekuchera mvura. Vasikana
vaya vakanyumwa vakatanga kufunga kuti dzimwe nguva hanzvadzi yavo yaireva idi
nguva dzose. Pazuva reshanu vakomana vaya vakakoka tsano wavo kuti vaende
navo kunovhima. Vasvika kwavaivhimira vakuwasha vaya vakati, “Tsano, musango
muno mune mhuka dzakawanda dzinotyisa. Hatidi kuti muvhunduke, saka
tichakusungirai mumushunje weuswa tokuturikai mumuti. Kana tapedza kuvhima
tozokuburutsai. Tsano vakabvuma mashoko evakuwasha wavo aya. Vakuwasha vaya
vakazovaisa mumwanda weuswa uya ndokuvaturika mumuti mavakavasungirira.
Chinangwa chavo chaive chekuti tsano vavo vasavaone vachisanduka kuita shumba.
Tsano vaya pavakapeura mwanda uya vakaona vakuwasha vavo vachisandukazve
kuita shumba. Mushure mekuvhima vakadzoka kumba. Vaive nenyama yakawanda.

Vakadzokorora nzendo dzavo dzekunovhima idzi kakomana kaya kakayambira

hanzvadzi dzako asi havana kumuteerera kunze kwemumwe chete. Rimwe zuva
mukomana uyu akatanga kuimba rwiyo rwekuti:
Mushauri: Vana vedu marema

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Vadaviri: Kutevera zvine miswe yazvo kutevera
Mushauri: Vana vedu marema
Vadaviri: Kutevera zvine miswe yazvo kutevera

Rwiyo urwu rwakaita kuti vasikana vaye vatambudzike mupfungwa. Musi uyu
vakomana vavo vakauya vasina chavabata. Vakasvikodavirira rwiyo rwaiimbwa
natsano vavo asi vaiedza kuti tsano wavo vasabudisa chokwadi chekuti ivo vaive
majandukwa. Panguva yese yaaiudza hanzvadzi dzake, mukomana uyu airuka
chidendere. Pakadzoka vakuwasha vake rimwezve zuva vasina chavakabata
vave nenzara varonga kuzodya vakadzi vavo natsano iye akasanovaona vachiri
kure. Pavakange vave kusvika pedyo nebako riya iye akakwidza hanzvadzi dzake
mudendere muya vachibva vabhururuka vachidzoka kumusha kwavo.
(Ngano yatorwa kubva mubhuku Ngano Vol 1 naG Fortune)

Mushure mekutaura ngano iyi sekuru vakazova nemibvunzo yakawanda

yavakabvunza vazukuru vavo ava. Mimwe yemibvunzo iyi ndiyo yakabatsira kuti
vana ava vaziva dzimwe tsika dzakanaka nehunhu hunotarisirwa muChiShona chedu.
Naizvozvo patava kuenda zvino ndepekuti tionewo kana iwe uine zvawadzidza
kubva mungano iyi. Izvi tichazviona nekugona kwako kupindura mibvunzo
yenzwisiso inotevera.

Nzwisiso 25.1.1: Zvokuita

1. Ndechipi chidzidzo chikuru chiri kubuda mungano iyi? (1)
2. Ndehupi hunhu hwakaipa hwakaitwa nevasikana ava zvakazoita kuti vade
kupinda mumatambudziko ekuda kudyiwa? (1)
3. Mhuka dzinomirira vanhu vane hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana. Doma mhuka
iri mungano nehunhu humwe chete hwainomirira sekuburitswa kwazvaitwa
mungano (2)
4. Sei vasikana vasina kuteerera hanzvadzi yavo payakavaudza nezvevarume
vavo (2)
5. Kubva pachidzidzo chikuru chengano iyi, ndezvipi zvakashatira tsika iyi
yekuroorwa nayo? (3)
6. Ndeipi tsumo imwe chete inonyatsotsanangura zvakaitwa nevakomana ava
panyaya dzewanano? (2)
7. Tsanangura ndevo idzi sokushandiswa kwadzakaitwa mungano.
a) vaive nehushamwari hwepedyo (2)
b) tinogona kutizisana nhasi (2)
c) ivo vaive majandukwa (2)
8. Sokufunga kwako rwiyo rwakaimbwa nekahanzvandzi kevasikana ava
rwakabatsira here? Tsigira mhinduro yako. [20]

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 Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinovimba kuti wadzumbunura ngano iyi ukaidzokorora zvakanyanya kusvika

wawana mhinduro. Hedzinoi mhinduro dzatinotarisira kuti ungava wawana
pakuedza kwako kupindura.
1. Rooranai vematongo zvichireva kuti vasikana vanofanirwa kuroorwa nevanhu
vavanonyatsoziva kwavanobva nezvavari.
2. Kusateerera. Vakaramba kuteerera zvavaiudzwa nehanzvadzi yavo kuti
vakomana vavo vanoshanduka kuita shumba.
3. Shumba - kutyisa nekuti inodya nyama kana vanhu chaivo inodya. Naizvozvo
mhuka zvose nevanhu zvinotya shumba.
4. Vakamuzvidza nekumushoora sezvo aiva mudiki kwavari.
5. Tsika yekutizisana yakaipira kuti vakomana havana nguva yekuongororwa
zvakakwana navanatete kana vanasekuru zvekuti vasikana vanogona
kungowira sezvakaita vasikana vari mungano avo vakazoenda nevakomana
vavaisaziva kuti vanoshanduka kuita shumba.
6. Rinonyenga rinohwarara rinozosimudza musoro rawana. Vakomana
vakanyengedza vasikana kusvika vaenda navo kumusha kwavo ndipo
pavakazoda kuvadya vava kure nehama dzavo.
7. a) vaiwirirana zvikuru
b) Kuenda nevasikana kunogara navo semadzimai avo pasina roora
rabviswa kuvabereki vevasikana.
c) ivo vaive vanhu vanoshanduka kuita shumba.
8. Hongu, rwiyo rwakabatsira nokuti mazwi arimo akaita kuti vasikana vavhurike
pfungwa vakazokwanisa kupinda muchidendere chaigadzirwa nehanzvadzi
yavo vakaponeswa pakudyiwa neshumbarume dzavo.

Ngano iyi ndeimwe yengano dzaitaurwa nevakuru vedu zvekuti tinofunga

wazvionera pamhino sefodya kuti dzainge dzakazara nedzidziso chaiyo yeupenyu.
Mungano yakataurirwa vazukuru nasekuru vavo, waona here kuti mune dzidziso
dzakawanda semare. Kubva pakuteerera, kusashora vanhu vadiki, kuroorana
nevanhu vaunonyatsoziva dzinza ravo nekwavakabva zvose nezvavanoita,
kusangobvuma kuendwa nemi zvisina ropafadzo yevabereki kuburikidza neroora,
nezvimwewo.

Zvino ungati ngano nedzidziso yavako nhasi muzvikoro pamwe nemagemu

aitaurwa naMunashe zvakafanana here? Kwete kwete hazvina. Naizvozvo
zvakakosha kuti pamusoro pekugamuchira shanduko iri kuunzwa nechirungu
mazuva ano, tinoda kuramba tichinzwa ngano dzedu kuti tirambe tichiwana dzidziso
yehupenyu. Wajekerwa zvinoka kuti sekuru Chimuti vairevei pavaiti ndinoda
kukusiira nhaka younozopawo vana vako nevana vavowo. Iyi ndiyo pfuma yokuti
kana wava nayo hapana anokwanisa kukutorera. Tinovimba iwe watowanawo
dzidziso yakakura kubva pangano iyi zvekuti wava nezvawava kuzivawo zvawanga
usingagone kuwana mumabhuku nemumagemu.

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 25.1.2 Zvokuita
Zvino, tinoda kuti uchitsvaga ngano dzakawanda uchiona dzidziso dziri kubuda
mungano idzi. Kana uine vanhu vakuru munharaunda yauri, edza kukokorodza
pwere woti dzinzwe ngano idzi dzigokwanisawo kubatsirika. Iva mutungamiriri
wechirongwa ichi.

25.2 Mashandisirwo emutauro

Muzvitsauko zvakapfuura wakaita zvirungamutauro izvi chimwe nechimwe nemazvo.
Tinovimba wava kuzviti zivei kudarika zvawaimboita usati usati wasangana
nechinyorwa chino. Muchitsauko chakapfuura takaita dzokororo yezvirungamutauro
takanangana netsumo nenyaudzosingwi tikaona mashandisirwo azvingaitwe
muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Takajekesa kuti, zvirungamutauro zvakakosha
nokuti zvinoita kuti tikwanise kurnga mutauro wedu izvo zvinozoita kuti unakidze
pamwe nekupfuma. Wakaona here kuti tsumo nenyaudzosingwi zvatakaita
zvinojekesa hunhu pamwe nekuyanika pachena dzimwe tsika dzaigona kunge
dzakavanzika kwatiri. Tichienderera mberi, muchitsauko chino tichaongorora
mashandisirwo ezvirungamutauro kusanganisira madimikira nenyaudzosingwi.

Uchaona kuti zvirungamutauro zvinobatsirana nepakuru. Chinongoda

kungwarirwa chete kuona kuti washandisa zvakakodzera uye pazvinokodzera
kwete kungozvipotsera pasina tsananguro yakajeka yezvazviri kuita ipapo. Tinoda
kuti umboongora kandima kakambonyorwawo neumwe mwana achida kuedza
kushandisa zvirungamutauro izvi muchinyorwa chake. Kana wapedza kukaverenga,
tinoda kuti unyurure mhosvo dzaakaita.

Muenzaniso 1
Chokwadi kutaurirwa hunyimwa sembare dzekumusana, izvi zvaitoda
kuzvionera pamhuno sefodya nekuti aiva maisokwadzo nyemba kutsva
dzarungwa. Hamawee vakuru vakati kurera imbwa nemukaka mangwana
inofuma yokuruma. Dai ndakaziva haitungamire chokwadi. Asiwo matakadya
kare haanyaradze mwana nekuti mbudzi kuzvarira pavanhu hunzi nditandirwe
imbwa. Amai vaitsenga mvura ichibuda masvisvinwa asi kana votaura vaiita
kudya magaka mambishi neminzwa yawo semunhu abirwa mari.

Tinovimba kuti waona kuti munhu uyu akada kuratidza ruzivo rwake rwakakura
pamusoro pezvirungamutauro zvaava nazvo mudura rake rezivo. Asizve, zviri
kuenderana here uye zvazoita mutorododo sei kudaro pasina kana katsananguro
kakapiwa kanosimbisa zvaari kuedza kutsanangura nezvirungamutauro zvaanenge
ashandisa. Naizvozvo tinoti kana uchida kushandisa zvirungamutauro nemazvo

237
muzvinyorwa zvako usazviwanza hako. Ngatitorei muenzaniso wemunyu
watakambotaura muchitsauko chakapfuura. Kushandisa munyu kurunga muriwo
haudi wakawanda, ukangoti tsvoti chete zvatonaka. Kana ukadya muriwo
wakawanda munyu haudyike, unovhiringidza usavi nekunaka kwese. Ndizvo
zvimwe chetezvo nezvinyorwa, kana ukawanza zvirungamutauro izvi sezvataona
mumuenzaniso uyu, hazvibude zvakanaka, zvinovhara kunaka kwenyaya kwose
wopedzisira waita sepasina zvawaita.
Tinoda kuti uone muenzaniso wekanhanganyaya ketsumo kanotevera.

Hazvina kunditorera nguva ndefu pandakapinda muguta guru reHarare

kuti nditsvage shamwari dzebasa iro randaiita vazhinji varovera matama
pasi. Zvekuswera ndichibinduka kutakura masaki esimende padhepoti
reLafarge, basa randainge ndatsvagirwa nemukoma wangu Chamu, ndakati
bodo ndokuronga kutsvaga mari nenzira yekuita ruoko kune avo vanenge
vasevenzera yavo. Mukoma nevazhinji vaindiziva vakamboedza kunditsiura asi
ndakandonyera zvimiti munzeve. Ndakaziva haitungamiri, dai ndakateerera
yambiro yandakapihwa ndaidai ndisina kupinda pandiri nhasi.

Zvino kubva pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro, tinoda kuti utare zvirungamutauro zvirimo
wozozvinyora pasi uchipa mazita azvo sezvizvi.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa
Hazvina kunditorera nguva ndefu pandakapinda muguta guru reHarare kuti
nditsvage shamwari dzebasa iro randaiita vazhinji vakaisa matama pasi1.
Zvekuswera ndichibinduka kutakura masaki esimende padhepoti reLafarge,
basa randainge ndatsvagirwa nemukoma wangu Chamu, ndakati bodo2
ndokuronga kutsvaga mari nenzira yekuita ruoko3 kune avo vanenge
vasevenzera yavo. Mukoma nevazhinji vaindiziva vakamboedza kunditsiura asi
ndakati zvimiti munzeve pfee4. Ndakaziva haitungamiri5, dai ndakateerera
yambiro yandakapihwa ndaidai ndisina kupinda pandiri nhasi.

Izvo zvaratidzirwa pamusoro apo ndizvo zvirungamutauro zvakashandiswa

mukandima aka. Ngatichionai chimwe nechimwe chanyorwa nezita racho.
1. Dimikira
2. Nyaudzosingwi
3. Dimikira
4. Nyaudzosingwi
5. Tsumo

Tinoda kuti unyatsoongorora marongerwo akaitwa zvirungamutauro izvo. Hazvina

kuitwa sepamuenzaniso 1 apo zvakangonzi tsumo,tsumo,tsumo,dimikira dimikira…..
Mutinhimira wacho hauzobude zvakanaka.

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Kubva pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro, unobva watongoona kuti munhu uyu anoziva
zvirungamutauro zvake uyewo ane unyanzvi hwekuzvishandisa. Achazoverenga
chinyorwa ichi anova nechidokwadokwa chekuti arembe achinzwa kuti zvii
zvakazoitika kune munhu uyu.
Kubva pamucherechedzo uri pamusoro tinovimba waona kuti, hongu,
zvirungamutauro zvinoita basa rimwe chete rekurunga mutauro wedu kuti upfume
uyewo kuti unakidze kunzwa nekuverenga. Asiwo, unoda kuziva kuti zvose
zvinoshanda zvakasiyana naizvozvo hazvidi kungopotserwa chero zvazvaita. Zvava
kutoda unyanzvi hwekushandisa zvirungamutauro izvi muzvinyorwa zvako.

25.3 Maumbirwo emutauro- Dzokororo yepatsanuro yezviito

Pawasvika apa, tinovimba wava nezvakawanda zvawava kuziva pamusoro
pemaumbirwo emutauro. Zvino muchitsauko chino taona zvakakodzera kuti tiite
dzokororo yechikamu chinozezesa vazhinji chinova icho chezviito. Tichaongorora
mimwe yemibvunzo nemapindurirwo ayo. Wakasununguka chaizvo kupota
uchidzokera kune dzidziso yezviito muzvitsauko zviri pamusoro pose paunenge
usina kunyatsoinzwisisa mubvunzo nemapindurirwo awo.

Tichidzorera ndangariro dzako zvishoma, chiito chii? Ndizvozvo chaizvo, chiito takati
isu imhando yezwi inoburitsa pfungwa yekuita kana kuitika kwechinhu.
Somuenzaniso
famba seka chema kwekweta dyara
tenga sika wacha dhiraivha anopenga

Ndechipiko chipandi chechiito chatinoti ndiwo mwongo kana kuti musimboti

wechiito wekuti haungave nechiito kana icho chisipo. Tinokwanisa kushandisa chiito
chiito nenzira dzakawanda kwazvo asi chipandi ichocho hachishanduke nyangwe
zvidii. Chinonzi chii ichocho?

Uchigadzirira mhinduro yako ngatitorei muenzaniso wezviito zviviri zvinoti /famba/

na/seka/
Tinokwanisa kuti:
Famba seka
Anofamba anosekesa
Tichafambisa kasekerera
Takambofambiswa takamusetsa
Vachafambisirana vachasekedzana
Taigarofambirwa tichamusekerwa

Kubva pamienzaniso iri pamusoro, ukanyatsoongorora chiito chimwe nechimwe

uchaona kuti pane chipandi chisiri kushanduka nyangwe chiito chirebe sei. Tora
nguva yako usamhanya hako. Waonaka, ndizvozvo chaizvo, pekutanga apo /-famb-
/haasi kuchinja pechipiri apozve /-sek-/ haasi kuchinja. Zvivakazwi izvi ndozvatinoti
mudzi wechiito.

239
Tichidzokera kumubvunzo uri pamusoro, mudzi wechiito ndicho chipandi chechiito
chisingashanduke nyangwe zviite sei. Chero chiito chikarebeswa kana kukura
sei, mudzi wechiito unotofanirwa kuvapo kuti titi tine chiito. Ndinovimba izvi
wanyatsozvibata.

Zvino kabasa kanotevera kanonyatsojekesa kuti wazvibata here.

Zvokuita 25.3.1
1. Nyora midzi yezviito chete kubva pazviito zvinotevera
tichatora kudyisa vakaroverwa tachekerera ndomuda
(5)

Tinovimba wakwanisa kunyurura midzi yezviito sezvizvi:

-tor- -dy- -rov- -chek- -d-

Kana wabudirira kudai, aiwa wagona chaizvo. Wava kuziva unonzi mudzi wechiito.

Tichienderera mberi nechidzidzo chedu, zvawava kuziva kuti mudzi wechiito chii
uye kuti unouona sei, tinoda kuti uyeuke maumbirwo echiito kuti, zvose zvinouya
kumashure kwemudzi wechiito zvinonzi zvivakashure uyewo zvose zvinouya mberi
kwemudzi zvinonzi zvivakamberi.
Ti-cha-mu -rov- er-es-a

Kubva pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro, tinotenderanaka kuti mudzi wechiito ndi /-rov- /
uyo akaiswa mutsara apo. Naizvozvo, zvatiri kureva ndezvekuti,
Ti-, cha-, mu- > ndizvo zvinonzi zvivakashure zvezviito
-er-,-es-,-a > ndizvo zvinonzi zvivakamberi zvezviito

Tinovimba kuti tiri kufambirana zvakanaka kusvika patava pano. Kana usina
kunzwisisa, dzokorora kuverenga usatambudzike izvo zvakanyorerwa iwe kuti
unzwisise. Zvino zvivakashure ndozviya zvine mazita azvo anoti:
1. Zviratidzamuiti> ti-> izvi ndizvo zvivakazwi zvinoratidza muiti wechiito ichocho
2. Zviratidzanguva>-cha->izvi ndizvo zvinoratidza nguva yaitwa chiito ichi
3. zviratidzamuitirwi>-mu->izvi ndizvo zviya zvinoratidza aitirwa chiito chacho.
4. Zviranduri> ha->izvi zvinorandura kana kupikisa chiito

Tochienda zvino panezvivakamberi tichibva pamudzi wechiito.

1. Rebeso dzakasiyana-siyana ndidzo dzinouya kumberi kwemudzi wechiito.
pamuenzaniso wedu> -er- na -es- >dzose irebeso, rebeso yekuitira nerebeso
yenyanyiso

240
2. Nzvovera yokupedzisira >-a> iri ndiro vara rekupedzisira rinoiswa mushure
memudzi wechiito kana rebeso.

Tinovimba wanyatsonzwisisa maumbirwo ezviito nezviumbiso zvacho. Zvino tinoda

kuti upatsanure zviito zvinotevera uchiratidza zviumbiso zvacho nekudoma mazita
azvo. Asi , usati waita saizvozvo, tinoda kukupa umwe muenzaniso zvakare kuti
unyatsojekerwa nezvatiri kureva.

Muenzaniso
havachamutengesera

chiito chiri pamusoro chine zviumbiso zvinoti; ha-va-cha-mu-teng-es-er-a

zvivakashure zvinoti; ha-va-cha-mu-
mudzi wechiito: -teng-
zvivakamberi: -es-er-a
Tochiisa mazita ezviumbiso zvacho zvino. Apa zvinenge zvareruka.
1. ha- >chiranduri
2. -va->chiratidzamuiti
3. -cha->chiratidzanguva
4. -mu->chiratidzamuitirwi
5. -teng- >mudzi wechiito
6. -es-> rebeso yekonzero
7. -er->rebeso yekuitira
8. -a>nzvovera yekupedzisira.

Tinovimba wanyatsobata zviri pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro zvekuti wava kukwanisa

kupatsanura chiito zvisina dambudziko. Muenzaniso uyu uchakubatsira zvikuru
pakupatsanura zviito zvinotevera.

Zvokuita 25.3.2
1. Ratidza ugodoma zviumbiso zvose zvinoumba zviito zvinotevera.
i) takarovera (2)
ii) ndamutaudza (2)
iii) vakapafananidzira (2)
iv) dzaisekerera (2)
v) hachichaaturuniri (2) [10]

2. Umba zviito zvine zviumbiso zvinotevera.

i) Chiranduri + chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+chiratidzamuitirwi+mudzi
wechiito+rebeso yekuitira+rebeso yekuitwa+nzvovera yekupedzisira. (2)
ii) Chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+mudzi wechiito+rebeso
yekonzero+nzvovera yekupedzisira (2)
iii) Chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+chiratidzamuitirwa+mudzi
wechiito+nzvovera yekupedzisira (2)

241
 iv) Mudzi wechiito+rebeso yenyanyiso+nzvovera yekupedzisira. (2)
v) Chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+mudzi wechiito+rebeso
yemherevedzo+rebeso yekonzero+nzvovera yekupedzisira. (2)

Tinovimba kuti neruzivo rwawawana muchikamu chino nemuzvitsauko zvakapfuura

wakwanisa kupindura mibvunzo iri pamusoro nemazvo. Hedzinoi mhinduro
dzatanga tichitarisira kubva kwauri. Kana waona usina kunyatsogona pane zvawaita
, aiwa hapana chakaipa usatya hako, chinyorwa chino chakanyorerwa iwe naizvozvo
wakasununguka kuramba uchidzokera kumashure kusvika wanyatsozvibata.

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

1. Chivakiso Zita rechivakiso

i) ta- Chiratidzamuiti
-ka- Chiratidzanguva yekare
-rov- Mudzi wechiito
-er- Rebeso yekuitira
-a Nzvovera yekupedzisira (2)
ii) nda- Chiratidzamuiti
-mu- Chiratidzamuitirwi
-taur- Mudzi wechiito
-dz- Rebeso yekonzero
-a Nzvovera yekupedzisira (2)
iii) va- Chiratidzamuiti
-ka- Chiratidzanguva yekare
-pa- Chiratidzamuitirwi
-fan- Mudzi wechiito
-an- Rebeso yewadzano
-idz- Rebeso yekonzero
-ir- Rebeso yekuitira
-a Nzvovera yekupedzisira (2)
iv) dza- Chiratidzamuiti
-i- Chiratidzanguva chenguva yapfuura
-sek- Mudzi wechiito
-erer- Rebeso yemherevedzo
-a Nzvovera yekupedzisira (2)
v) ha- Chiranduri
-chi- Chiratidzamuiti
-cha- Chiratidzanguva chenguva ichauya
-a- Chiratidzamuitirwi
-tur- Mudzi wechiito
-unur- Rebeso yepfumvunuro
-i Nzvovera yekupedzisira (2) [10]

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2.
i) Chiranduri +chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+chiratidzamuitirwi+mudzi
wechiito+rebeso yekuitira+rebeso yekuitwa+nzvovera yekupedzisira-

Ha-+-va-+-cha-+-mu-+teng-+-er-+-w-+-a
Havachamutengerwa (2)

ii) Chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+mudzi wechiito+rebeso

yekonzero+nzvovera yekupedzisira

Nda-+-i-+-dy-+-is+-a
Ndaidyisa (2)

iii) Chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+chiratidzamuitirwi+mudzi
wechiito+nzvovera yekupedzisira

Dza-+-ka-+-mu-+-rum-+-a
Dzakamuruma (2)

iv) Mudzi wechiito+rebeso yenyanyiso+nzvovera yekupedzisira.

Sek-+-es-+-a
Sekesa (2)

v) Chiratidzamuiti+chiratidzanguva+mudzi wechiito+rebeso
yemherevedzo+rebeso yekonzero+nzvovera yekupedzisira.

Ti-+-no-+-nzw-+-irir-+-is-+-a
Tinonzwiririsa (2)
[10]

Tinofunga kuti nedzokororo yakasimba zvakadai hauchazoitazve dambudziko

rekudimbura zviumbiso zvezviito nekudoma mazita azvo. Tinokukurudzira kuti
urambe uchiita dzokororo yechidzidzo ichi kuti urambe uchizvirangarira.

25.4 Rondedzero-Mhosvo pakunyora rondedzero

Tinofunga panguva ino wava nemhando dzakawanda dzerondedzero dzawava
kunyatsogona kunyora semadzidzisirwo adzakaitwa muchinyorwa chino.
Tinodavira zvakare kuti chimiro chemhando imwe neimwe yerondedzero idzi wava
kunyatsochiziva. Zvino, zvisinei kuti imhando ipi yerondedzero, vanyori vazhinji
vanokundikana kukohwa pakuru nekuda kwegurusvusvu remhosho dzavanoita
pakunyora. Kunyangwe chimiro nepfungwa dzerondedzero zvakanaka, kuita
mhosvo zhinji kunosiya rondedzero yafanana nenyama yafuraiwa ikasara yatsvukira
zvinozadza mate mukanwa, asi pakuzondoravira wanei yakabikwa ine mavhu.

243
Kuyevedza kwose kunobva kwaparara. Muchikamu chino tichaongorora mhosvo
idzi. Ndedzipiko mhosvo idzi? Patasvika pano, tinovimba kuti wava kudziziva.
Mhosho idzi dzinoda kugara dzakachenjererwa zvisinei kuti uri kunyora rondedzero
here kana kuti zvinyorwa zvako zvekuzvifungira. Dzimwe dzemhosho idzi
ndedzinotevera:
• zviperengo
• kushandiswa kwemavara makuru nemadiki
• kushandiswa kwezvimiso
• Magurirwo emazwi
• Sungawirirano yemazwi
• Kubatanidza nekupatsanura mazwi.

Tisati tapfuurira mberi, tinoda kuti umboita kabasa kari pazasi. Tinoda kuona kuti
wava kukwanisa here kunyurura mhosho muchinyorwa pamwe nekudzigadzirisa.

Zvokuita 25.4.1
Gadzirisa zvose zvakashata parondedzero inotevera.

Nzara
Nzara kushaikwa kwechokudya pamusha. mudunhu kana munyika yose. Nzara
inogona kuva marwadzo anonzwika mumuviri wemunhu kana mhuka kana chokudya
chichinge chashaikwa.

Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera nzara pamusha, mudunhu kana munyika

yose. Nzara , kazhinji inokonzerwa nekushomeka kwemvura yekunaya. Izvi zvinosiya
mbesa dzaoma nekushaya mvura dzotadza kubereka. Nzarawo inogona kukonzerwa
nekuwandisa kwemvura. Mvura ikawandisa inogona kukonzera mafashama,
zvirimwa, misha nezvipfuyo zvoparadzwa. Vanhu vanogona kusara vasina pokugara
nechekudya. Zvirimwa zvinogona kunyudzwa nemvura yakawandisa zvobva
zvatsvukuruka zvotadza kuita vana

Mvura inogona kunaya zvakanaka asi nekuda kwekushaya zvekushandisa pakurima,

vanhu vanogona kuita dzara. Mbeu, fetiraiza nezvimwe zvekurimisa zvinogona
kushaikwa, varimi votadza kuwana goho rakakwana.

Nzara inogona kuvapo wo nekuda kwekushaya ruzivo rwekurima. Kushaikwa

kweruzivo rwekurimakunoita kuti vanhu varime mbesa dzisingaenderane nematunhu
avari. Unoona vanhu vanogara kunzvimbo dzisinganayi mvura yakawanda, uye
kuchipisa zvikuru, vachirima chibage pachinzvimbo chekurima mbesadzine shanga
duku semapfunde nemhunga. Vamwe vanowana fetiraiza asi vagotadza kuziva
nguva yekuisa, goho robva raita shoma.

Nzara inokonzera matambudziko akawanda zvikuru munyika. Inoita kuti budiriro

yenyika idzokere kumashure nekuda kwekuti hurumende innge yopedza mari

244
mukuedza kurwisa nzara ichipa vanhu chokudya. Dzimwe nyika dzinosvika
pakupinda muhondo chaiko nekuda kwenzara. Vamwe vanenge vachiti
varikutungamirira vatadza kuti chekudya chivepo. Vamwe vanenge votivemamwe
matunhu ndivo varikupiwa chokudya ivo vachinyimwa.

Nzara inokonzera kuti vanhu vatange kuita dzimwe tsika dzakaipa se chipfambi,
umbavha ne huori kurikuedza kuzadza matumbu. Vana vechidiki vanopedzisira
vopinda mumigwagwa vachitsvaka chokuti vaisewomudumbu. Vamwe vanobatwa
chibharo vachinzi ndiko kuti vagopiwa chekudya.

Nzara inogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakaita sekwashi, manyoka nezvimwewo. kana

muviri ukashaiwa chokudya chinovaka muviri unotadza kurwisa zvirwere, zvova
nyore kubatwa nezvirwere.

Nzara chinhu chinogona kudzivirirwa zvakanakisa munyika. Chekutanga vanhu

ngavawane ruzivo rwezve kurima. Kana vanhu vakaziva mbesa dzekurima uye
marimirwo adzo zvinoita kuti nzara idzingwe munyika

Hurumende nevemakambani vanofanirwa kuvaka madhamu akawanda kuti nyika

iitewo zvemadidziro. Madidziro akanaka pakuti varimi vanenge voshandisa mvura
yakakohwewa kare. Varimi vanenge vorima mwaka yose yegore. Kana zvadai nyika
inenge yadzinga nzara.

Hurumende inofanirwa kubatsira varimi pakuwanikwa kwezvekurima nemutengo

uripasi. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekubatsira makambani anogadzira
zvekushandisa zvacho.

Chokwadi nzara muvengi wemunhu zvesenemhuka. nzara inoda kudzivirirwa kuti

nyika isadzokera kumashure pabudiriro.

(15)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

Tinotenda kuti wanyatsoongorora rondedzero iyi yemhando yetsananguro yezwi

rimwe chete. Neruzivo rwako rwemhosvo, tinofunga kuti waedza kuigadzirisa
ukazobudisa chinyorwa chakakwenenzverwa zvakadai.

Nzara
Nzara kushaikwa kwechokudya. Izvi zvinogona kureva kushaikwa kwechokudya
pamusha. Mudunhu kana munyika yose. Nzara inogona kuva marwadzo anonzwika
mumuviri wemunhu kana mhuka kana chokudya chichinge chashaikwa.

245
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera nzara pamusha, mudunhu kana munyika
yose. Nzara, kazhinji inokodzerwa nekushomeka kwemvura yekunaya. Izvi
zvinosiya mbesa dzaoma nekushaya mvura dzotadza kubereka. Nzarawo inogona
kukonzerwa nekuwandisa kwemvura. Mvura ikawandisa inogona kukonzera
mafashama, zvirimwa, misha nezvipfuyo zvoparadzwa. Vanhu vanogona kusara
vasina pokugara nechekudya. Zvirimwa zvinogona kunyudzwa nemvura
yakawandisa zvobva zvatsvukuruka zvotadza kuita vana.
Mvura inogona kunaya zvakanaka asi nekuda kwekushaya zvekushandisa pakurima,
vanhu vanogona kuita nzara. Mbeu, fetiraiza nezvimwe zvekurimisa zvinogona
kushaikwa, varimi votadza kuwana goho rakakwana.
Nzara inogona kuvapowo nekuda kwekushaya ruzivo rwekurima. Kushaikwa
kweruzivo rwekurima kunoita kuti vanhu varime mbesa dzisingaenderane
nematunhu avari. Unoona vanhu vanogara kunzvimbo dzisinganayi mvura
yakawanda, uye kuchipisa zvikuru, vachirima chibage pachinzvimbo chekurima
mbesa dzine shanga duku semapfunde nemhunga. Vamwe vanowana fetiraiza asi,
vagotadza kuziva nguva yekuisa, goho robva raita shoma.
Nzara inokonzera matambudziko akawanda zvikuru munyika. Inoita kuti budiriro
yenyika idzokere kumashure nekuda kwekuti hurumende inenge yopedza mari
mukuedza kurwisa nzara ichipa vanhu chokudya. Dzimwe nyika dzinosvika
pakupinda muhondo chaiko nekuda kwenzara. Vamwe vanenge vachiti vari
kutungamirira vatadza kuti chekudya chivepo. Vamwe vanenge voti vemamwe
matunhu ndivo vari kupiwa chokudya ivo vachinyimwa.
Nzara inokonzera kuti vanhu vatange kuita dzimwe tsika dzakaipa sechipfambi,
umbavha kana nehuori kuri kuedza kuzadza matumbu. Vana vechidiki
vanopedzisira vopinda mumigwagwa vachitsvaka chokuti vaisewo mudumbu.
Vamwe vanobatwa chibharo vachinzi ndiko kuti vagopiwa chekudya.
Nzara inogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakaita sekwashi, manyoka nezvimwewo. Kana
muviri ukashaiwa chokudya chinovaka muviri unotadza kurwisa zvirwere, zvova nyore
kubatwa nezvirwere.
Nzara chinhu chinogona kudzivirirwa zvakanakisa munyika. Chekutanga, vanhu
ngavawane ruzivo rwezvekurima. Kana vanhu vakaziva mbesa dzekurima uye
marimirwo adzo zvinoita kuti nzara idzingwe munyika.
Hurumende nevemakambani vanofanirwa kuvaka madhamu akawanda kuti nyika
iitewo zvemadiridziro. Madiridziro akanaka pakuti, varimi vanenge voshandisa
mvura yakakohwewa kare. Varimi vanenge vorima mwaka yose yegore. Kana zvadai
nyika inenge yadzinga nzara.
Hurumende inofanirwa kubatsira varimi pakuwanikwa kwezvekurima nemutengo
uri pasi. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekubatsira makambani anogadzira
zvekushandisa zvacho.
Chokwadi nzara muvengi wemunhu zvese nemhuka. Nzara inoda kudzivirirwa kuti
nyika isadzokera kumashure pabudiriro.

Cherechedzo
Tinovimba kuti waona kuti zvose zvine mutaro pasi ndizvo zvanga zvichida
kugadziriswa uye kuti wakwanisa kugadzirisa mhosvo idzi nemazvo. Tinoda
kuti, nguva dzose paunonyorwa chinyorwa chako umbodzokera kwachiri

246
wombozvikwenyera mhosvo idzi. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuziva mhosvo
dzemurondedzero pamwe nekudzigadzirisa.

25.5 Musambo:-Kushandisa nhare dzepabasa

Tomboti ndiwe wakapinda muindavhiyu, ukatevedzera zvose zviri pamusoro,
muchitsauko chakapfuura ukabudirira. Watanga basa pakambani, wobva wapiwa
hofisi ine zvekushandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvechizvinozvino zvinoita kuti basa
rako rive nyore. Pamusoro pezvose wobva wapiwa nhare mbiri, imwe yemuhofisi
yakati kure neimwe yemuhombodo inonzi nharembozha kuti urerukirwe pakuita
basa rako, panguva imwe chetewo kambani ibudirire. Ungashandisa sei nhare
idzi zvinozadzisa zvishuwo zvevakakupa basa pakambani iyi? Ko, ndedzipi tsika
dzakanaka dzinotarisirwa pakushandiswa kwenhare dzepabasa uye dzakanakirei
kwauri nekukambani yawava kushandira iyi? Ko tsika dzakaipa dzaunofunga kuti
hadzifanirwi kuitwa zvachose ndedzipi dzacho uye sei uchiti dzakaipa?

Tinovimba wanyatsodzamisa pfungwa dzako ukabuda nemhinduro dzine

udzamu uye dzinozadza mukombe. Zvino tinoda kuti uchiverenga zvinotevera
uchizvienzanisa nezvawawana pakuedza kwako kupindura mibvunzo iri pamusoro
iyo.

Chii chinonzi nhare?

Ngatitorei muenzaniso wekuti uri kumba kwenyu, moita dambudziko nemagetsi

kana pombi yemvura zvinotoda kutariswa nekukurumidza, chii chaungaita toti
ndiwe mukuru pamba apa? Tinotenda kuti wadavira uchiti unofona kuZESA kana
kuti kukanzuru. Ndizvozvo chaizvo. Nhare muchina unoshandiswa kufambisa
mashoko nekukurumidza. Kushandisa nhare inzira yechizvinozvino yekufambisa
nayo mashoko. Nzira iyi iri nyore zvikuru nokuti inoita kuti mhinduro yezviri kudiwa
iwanikwe chiriporipocho.

247
Iko zvino kwava nenharembozha, ndinovimba wakamboionawo kana kuti utori
neyakowo. Handiti kuti ukwanise kutaura panhare iyi unotofanirwa kuti utange waisa
mari? Hongu zvimwe chetezvo nenhare dzepabasa. Nhare idzi dzinoshandisa mari
kuti dziunze budiriro yekambani. Zvakadaro saizvozvo, nhare dzepabasa dzinoda
kuti dzishandiswe neungwaru kuti dzizadzise zvinangwa zvekambani yose kwete
munhu mumwe chete bedzi. Makambani mazhinji akadonha nekuda kwevashandi
vakatadza kunzwisisa kukosha kwekushandisa nhare dzepabasa vakadzishandisa
zvisizvo zvaiunza budiriro yavo vega vakazvimiririra kwete yekambani. Chakanaka
ndechekuti, kana ukashandisa nhare dzepabasa nemazvo, kambani ikabudirira
nevanhu vose vari mukambani iyi vanovawo vakabudirira.

Zvii zvinotarisirwa pakudavira nhare dzepabasa?

• Kukasika kudavira: runhare rwunofanirwa kukasika kudavirwa pose
pazvinobvira. Hazvina kunaka kuti usiye nhare ichingorira kanopfuura katatu
usati wadavira. Izvi zvinowodza mwoyo wanyakufona zvekusvika pakusazoda
kufona zvakare. Kana zvadai mufoni uyu anogona kuzodii zvakare? Ndizvozvo
chaizvo, pakukurukura nehama neshamwari dzake zvinozongobvawo
mumuromo make kuti kambani X haidaviri nhare nekukasika. Kana zvadai
kambani inorasikirwa nemari zhinji. Naizvozvo zvakakosha chose kudavira
runhare nekukasika, chero chete dzichingova nguva dzebasa.

• Kukwazisa: pakudavira runhare apa, unofanirwa kukwazisa nyakufona

neizwi rakapfava pasina ukasha. Sokuti, kana ari mangwanani tanga nekuti,
‘Mangwanani akanaka….’ Usati waenda kure unoda kuzivisa nyakufona kuti
haana kurasika wobva wangotaura zita rekambani yauri kudaira wakamirira,
nezita rako Sokuti;
‘Mangwanani akanaka, Chimutove Private Business Corporation muri
kutaurawo na Chiedza, tokubatsiraiwo sei nhasi?’

• Matauriro: munhu anofanirwa kutaura zvinonzwika, achishandisa mashoko

anogamuchirika azere nerukudzo. Panhare dzebasa panoshanda musambo
wechinyarikani. Kunyangwe ukanzwa kuti uri kutaura nemwana mudiki unoda
kungotaura naye zvakanaka zvine rukudzo. Usapedza nguva uchitaura ngano
dzavana tsuro nagudo, kutambisa nguva ikoko yako neyanyakufona. Saka
zvakakosha kungoti de de de zvakakosha. Zvakare panogona kunge pachitori
nedzimwe nhare dzakamira mumutsara.

• Kubatsira nyakufona zvakazara. Edza nepose paunogona napo kubatsira

nyakufona zvinozadza mukombe. Kana usina ruzivo pamusoro pezvabvunzwa,
edza kutsvaga ruzivo kune vamwe vepakambani vanoziva nezvazvo. Asiwo
pakuita zvose izvi, zivisa nyakufona zvauri kuda kuita kwete kuzongoerekana
ava kutotaura neumwewo munhu waasingazive. Unokwanisa kuti,
‘Batai makadaro mutaure nevakuru vari pano’ unokwanisawo zvakare
kukumbira nhamba dzenhare dzanyakufona uchimuti unomufonera
munguva pfupi inotevera. Kana zvadai nyakufona anonzwa
kuremekedzwa zvikuru.

248
• Kutenda nyakufona: Kana waona kuti wabatsira nyakufona zvakazara,
agutsikana uye haasisina kana mubvunzo, unotarisirwa kutenda nyakufona
nekufona kwaaita pamwe nekumushuwira zuva rakaropafadzwa.

Zvokuita 25.5.1
1. Iwe sokuona kwako pane zvawadzidza nezvaunoziva, ndeupi musambo
wakakodzera kushandisa pakudavira nhare dzepabasa? (1)

2. Zvino panguva ino tinoda kuti uchinyora pasi tsika dzakashata dzisingafanirwe
kuitwa nevanhu vanodavira nhare pabasa. (5)

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa
1) Chinyarikani ndiwo musambo wakakodzera pakudavira nhare dzepabasa

2) Hunhu nemaitiro akashata pakudavira nhare dzepabasa

• Kunonoka kudavira nhare nekuti munhu afona anogona kuwora mwoyo
• Kudavira nhare uchitaura dzimwe nyaya neshamwari kana vamwe
vanhu vauinavo muhofisi umu. Nyakufona anonzwa kushoorwa
nekudzikisirwa kwakakura.
• Kudya kana kutsenga uchitaura panhare, mazwi ako haazonzwike
zvakanaka
• Matauriro asina rukudzo kana kusaremekedza
• Kutaura uchigwabvura wauri kutaura naye panhare
• Kutaura nezwi rakaderera zvekuti wauri kutaura naye haanzwi
zvakanaka zvauri kutaura
• Kusabatsira munhu anenge afona nezvaanenge achida iwe usina ruzivo
nazvo. Unofanira kuendesa nhare kune uyo anokwanisa kupindura
nyakufona zvinogutsa.

Tinofunga kuti chikamu chino chakubatsira chose kuziva nekunzwisisa kuti

kushandisa nhare dzepabasa nemazvo kwakakunakira nekuti kubudirira kwekambani
kubudirira kwakowo semushandi. Kambani inowana basa rakawanda uye
haizorasikirwi nemabasa kana uchinge wataura nevatengi zvakanaka uchivapindura
zvinonwisa mvura. Naizvozvo, izvi ndizvo zvawakafanira kuzoitawo kana uchinge
wava kushandisa nhare dzepabasa ripi neripi zvaro ringava rako remabasa ako
ekuzvifungira kana kuti unenge uchishandira umwe munhu.

249
 25.6 Pfupiso yechitsauko
Muchitsauko chino chinova icho chekupedzisira muchinyorwa chino chabata
pfungwa huru dzakakosha dzinoda kuramba dzichirangarirwa kuti ugobudirira kwete
pabvunzo chete asi kutiwo nepakurarama muhupenyu hwako. Hedzinoi pfungwa
huru dzaunoda kuramba uchirangarira nguva dzose.
• Vakuru vedu vakatitangira kuzvarwa nekurarama munyika medu vane
zvakawanda zvavanoziva uye zvavanogona kutisiira senhaka. Nhaka iyi
tinotarisirwawo kuchengetedzwa ichizopiwawo vana vedu nevana vavowo.
Izvi zvinosanganisira tsika dzedu dzeChiShona idzo dzaidzidziswa kuburikidza
nengano dzakasiyana-siyana.
• Tsika dzedu dzakakosha. Hongu chirungu chakanaka uye chiri kutibatsira
pane zvakawanda asi hatifanirwi kurasa tsika nehunhu hwedu tichiti tava kuda
zvechirungu chete nekuti hatifi takaita varungu, tiri vanhu vatema isu.
• Yeukazve kuti, zviito zvine zviumbiso zvakawanda zvinoda kuramba
zvichidzokororwa. Izvi zviri muzvikamu zvitatu zvinoti; zvivakashure, izvo
zvinouya kumashure kwemudzi wechiito, mudzi wechiito unova ndiwo
mwongo wechiito kwozouya zvivakamberi , izvo zvinouya mushure memudzi
wechiito.
• Rondedzero yakazara mhosvo inenge nyama yehuku yakatsvukira kunze
kuzoti pakuiruma wanike izere majecha. Naizvozvo, mhosvo dzinoda
kungwarirwa nguva dzose kuti chinyorwa chiverengeke
• Edza nepose paunogona kushandisa zvirungamutauro pakakodzera nenzira
yakakodzera kwete kungozvipotsera pose pose.
• Nhare dzepabasa dzinoda kushandiswa nemwero wakafanira izvo zvinoita kuti
kambani ibudirire. Kubudirira kwekambani kubudirira kwakowo iwe mushandi
wepo.

250
BVUNZO DZEKUPERA KWEGORE

SHONA 4007/1

PEPA 1 Rondedzero neNzwisiso

Muenzaniso wepepa rakazara

Nguva: Maawa maviri
Chikamu 1: Rondedzero

Zvichakubatsira kuti upedze awa imwe chete pachikamu chino.

1. Sarudza musoro mumwe chete pane yose yakapiwa. Ugonyora rondedzero
yemhando yawasarudza nemazwi ari pakati pe450 ne500 kana kusvitsa
mapeji mana.

a) Tsanangura matambudziko anosangana nevanhu mukuchengeta varwere.

(50)

b) Kugara nhaka huona dzevamwe. (50)

c) Nyora nyaya inopera nemazwi anoti, ‘Regai zvichinzi munhu gutsikana

nezvaunazvo, handichafi ndakachiva cheumwe. (50)

d) Kukaita mumwe chete abudirira mumhuri, musha wese unotarisira kuti

abatsire vamwe sei mumhuri imomo? (50)

e) Nyora mhan’aro kuboka renyu rezvirongwa zvebudiriro uchipa budiriro

nematambudziko amakasangana nawo pakuvamba nekufambisa zvirongwa
zvenyu zvebudiriro mugore ramapedza. (50)

f) Nyora tsamba kushamwari yako iyo yawakanzwa kuti yava kunwa doro
nekuputa zvinodhaka uchiitsanangurira zvazvakaipira pamwe nekumupa
mazano anovaka. (50)

g) Nyora hurukuro pakati pevanhu vaviri vari kukakavadzana pamusoro

pezvidzidzo zvepazororo umwe achiti ngazviitwe umwe achiti ngazvidziviswe.
(50)

251
CHIKAMU II: NZWISISO NEPFUPISO

SHONA 4007/2

2. Nyatsoverenga nyaya inotevera ugopindura mibvunzo yose inotevera

neChiShona chakanaka.
Tony akamisa twin cab yake muzasi memuJacaranda paGandami School
ndokumirira kuti Loriet achayise vagoenda kunosasana. Vaviri vakafefeterwa
nemhepo yaipinzwa nepamafafitera emote vonanga paSadza Growth Point
kunosasana. Vachingobira zambuko guru repaHwedza vakaona chisionekwi
mudzi webwe. Horomba mbiri dzemakudo dzairwisana dziri pakati
pemugwagwa. Kudoridza bhera, hadzina kutirimuka.

Tony akabuda panze oda kuti sva-a asi akaratidzwa mazino nerimwe gudo
ndokubva amhanyira mumota, gudo ndokusvetukira pamusoro pemota
richiomba. VaLoriet vangu tainge tangoti shwishwita nehembe yaTony
nekutya.

Tony akashinga ndokuti mota vhamu-u, mota ikati ndizvo zvandinorwarira.

Yakauruka zvine simba, gudo ndokurasirwa kwakadaro. Tony akaruma
muromo wezasi ndokutsika mafuta Toyota ikachema yokwidza makata
yananga paSadza.

Vakasvika ndokutenga zvinwiwa murestorendi. Tony aida kuedza kufadza

Loriet asi hana yake yainge isina kugadzikana nekuda kweshura remakudo
ravainge vasangana naro. Kana naiyewo zvaimbopota zvichimuti tiba kumeso.

Pavakasvika paGandami School masikati iwayo, Mike nemuzukuru wake Garai

vakasvikonzwa shoko rekuti mudzimai wavo ainge aenda kwaSadza neimwe
mota. Vaviri vakavira nehasha ndokumhanyira kumugwagwa kunotsvaga
zvifambiso.

Mike naGarai vakazosvika paSadza Growth Point panguva dzorubvunzavaeni.

Musha wepaSadza wainge woyevedza nekuda kwehutaitai hwemagetsi
epaGrowth Point apa. Chakada kutemesa musoro wevaviri ava ndechekuti
Loriet nechikomba chake vainge vari pai. Vakashayiwa pekutangira kutsvaga.
Mumba here, mubhawa, pamabhazi, kana muzvimbudzi , zvakavanetsa.
Chakanyanya kunetsa rudzi rwemota yaTony. havana kunge vabvunza kuti
yaiva yemhando ipi pavakabva paGandami School.

Loriet naTony vainge zvino vopura nyemba nemusana murestorendi. Vaviri

vainwa zvinodhaka. Mumhanzi wairira zvine mutsindo ava vaviri vachitamba
zvavo bamboo jaivhi, vachiratidza kunge vari mudenga rechinomwe.

Akatanga kuona Loriet ndiGarai muzukuru waMicheal. Mike paakaona Loriet

achitamba akabatwa muchiuno haana kana kuzombozviona kuti Tony yaive

252
 hofori yerume. Akangosvikodira mbama kuna Loriet ndokuti tatari tatari
achinonanga patafura yekutambira. Tony akakinditswa chibhakera chemuhuro
naGarai achibva ati pasi ngondo sesvinga rehuni. Mike akanhonga bhodhoro
rehwahwa rechimwewo chidhakwa ndokuti ndisakadze Tony achiri kumuka
ndiye nzve-e. bhodhoro rakandorova girazi reshopu zvine simba richibva
ratsakatika kuita mafufu. Garai akabata ruoko rwaLoriet ndokurwumonya.
Apedza ndokuzadza gwati rembama yakamhara padama raLoriet
reruboshwe, mwanakadzi ndokumonyoroka achiungana pasi sedora benyu
rakandwa murufuse.

Zvichingunodai kuitika , mapurisa omurestorendi akabata Michael dzichibva

dzachena. Garai akada kuti atize achibva arohwa ndare ndokurovera pacheya
ndiye pote seri kwetebhuru, kwave kufenda. Mapurisa akatakura vaviri ava
ndokuenda navo. Tony naLoriet vakabuda murestorendi vongomhanya-
mhanya kunge vanhu vanzwa kuti imba yavo yotsva ivo vari mumunda.
Toyota yakaruma mugwagwa wetara unobva paSadza Growth Point
uchinanga Hwedza. Tony aimhanyisa motokari zvobatana kuti kudhakwa,
kuvhiringika uye hasha. Vave kusvika pazambuko guru rerwizi Save, Tony
akaona munhukadzi ainge akapfeka zvichena akamira pakati pebhiriji iri. Tony
akaridza huta ndokuedza kumunzvenga. Sezvo motokari yaiita kubhururuka,
yakapoya bhiriji ichibva yananga dziva guru raive pazasi pebhiriji iri. Mota
yakaita zvekupfekera pasi pemvura ndokunyura munhope.

Mike naGarai vakazoregedzwa mushure mekuripiswa faindi yekurwa

mubhawa. Basa rakazove rekutsvaga Tony naLoriet. Mapurisa akapedza
chifo chegore rose vachitsvaga vaviri ava kuhama neshamwari asi havana
kuwanikwa. Kubasa kwaTony nekumhuri yake kwese akashaikwa. Vamwe vaiti
zvimwe vakaenda kudhiyasipora vamwe vakati pamwe vakatsakatika nenyika.

Dziva repabhiriji rekwaSave rainge rava nemvura shoma mukupera

kwemwedzi waGunyana. Zivanai naMelusi vaikukuzva hove nemambure
mudziva repazasi pebhiriji iri. Chakanyanya kuvafadza pamwe nekuvashamisa
ihove zhinji dzavaibata musi uyu. Gumbo raZivanai rakanamwa. Akapinza
ruoko rwake mumvura kuti agone kubvisa. Paakakwatsanura chaimubaya
kuti achirasire panze wanikwe ruoko rwemunhu rangove marangwanda. Jaya
rakabuda mudziva richimhanya.

Vakomana vaviri vakamhanyira kumapurisa. Vechikwata cheSub-Aqua Unit

vakasvikokwadabura mazisimbi emota yainge yava nengura ndiye panze dzi-i.
vanhu vazhinji vainge vaungana. Chivi change chadya varidzi vacho.

(NaGodfrey Muzondo kubva muna Arumwa Nenda Haakwenyi. Harisati rat-

sikiswa)

253
a) Nderipi shura rakaonekwa naTony naLoriet parwendo rwavo? (1)
b) Doma chikonzero chakaita kuti Loriet asafara zvakanyanya ari murestorendi?
(1)
c) Chii chakapa Mike naGarai hasha pavakashaya Loriet paGandami School? (2)
d) Ipa zvikonzero zviviri zvakaita kuti Mike naGarai vanonoke kuwana Loriet
paSadza Growth Point? (2)
e) Doma mashoko ari munyaya anoratidza kuti Loriet akarwadziwa zvikuru
nekurohwa kwaakaitwa naGarai. (2)
f) Sei Loriet naTony vasina kuwanikwa pavakatsvagwa kwegore rose? (2)
g) Tsanangura mashoko anotevera sekushandiswa kwaakaitwa mundima.
i) Chisionekwe mudzi webwe (2)
ii) Mudenga rechinomwe (2)
iii) Hofori yerume (2)
iv) Vakaenda dhiyasipora (2)
v) Chivi chainge chadya varidzi vacho (2)
h) Nyora pfupiso yenyaya iyi nemazwi ako asingapfuuri makumi mashanu. (10)

254
PEPA 2: ZVIRUNGAMUTAURO, MISAMBO NEMAUMBIRWO YEMUTAURO
EMUTAURO

Nguva : Maawa maviri

CHIKAMU 1 : ZVIRUNGAMUTAURO

Pindura mibvunzo miviri muchikamu chino

1. Mumagariro evaShona tsumo mbiri kana nhatu dzinogona kureva zvinhu
zvimwe chete. Wakanangana nepfungwa iyoyi, ipa tsumo imwe chete inoreva
zvakafanana neimwe neimwe yedzinotevera. Sarudza shanu chete.
a) Ziso rimwe harina ukomba (1)
b) Chako ndechako kuseva unosiya muto (1)
c) Chaitemura chava kuseva (1)
d) Gavi rakabva kumasvuuriro (1)
e) Kare haagari ari kare (1)
f) Chava chigondora chava chimombe kutadza kutunga hurema hwacho (1)
g) Musikana ihambakwe asvika anokanda chibwe (1)
[5]
2. Shandisa mazwi anotevera mumitsara uchibudisa pfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana
dzaanoreva. Sarudza shanu chete
a) chema (1)
b) doro (1)
c) guru (1)
d) rota (1)
e) sora (1)
f) zuva (1)
g) imba (1)
[5]
3. Ipa nyaudzosingwi dzinoenderana nezviito zvishanu pane zvinotevera.
Sokuti ; kudonha kwedamba; do-o
a) Kutota nhumbi dzose (1)
b) Kupedza zvanga zviri mundiro (1)
c) Kurumwa nenyuchi (1)
d) Kumedza zvinonzwika (1)
e) Kugara kwemunhu ane nungo (1)
f) Kusimuka uchikurumidza (1)
g) Kuchena kwemukaka (1)
[5]

255
4. Sarudza zvirevo zvishanu chete kubva pane zvinotevera ugonyora madimikira
anoreva zvakafanana nemazwi ane mutsara pasi pawo.
a) Akamuyambira paakaona akahwandirwa nevavengi. (1)
b) VaMandisembura vanodada zvikuru. (1)
c) Tozivepi agarika zvakapfurikidza pamusha pavatezvara vake. (1)
d) Tete vakaudza Tendai kuti akada kufarisa vaizomurova. (1)
e) VaMarwei vapopota zvikuru. (1)
f) Mwanasikana wavo akapiwa pamuviri asati apedza chikoro. (1)
g) Akazvipinza mumatambudziko nezvinhu zvisina zvazvinobatsira. (1)
[5]

CHIKAMU II: Misambo yemutauro

Pindura mibvunzo yose muchikamu chino

5. a) Doma misambo yomutauro mina yaunoziva. (4)
b) kubva pamisambo yawadoma pamusoro, sarudza mitatu chete
ugotsanangura zvinhu zviviri zvinowanikwa mune mumwe nemumwe. (6)
[10]

6. Verenga zvirevo zvinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri pasi pazvo.
a) ‘Chidyamatiyo wapedza hama. Rasa gona rako.’
b) ‘Mangwanani paBikai Bakery. Tokubatsirai nei?’
c) ‘Changamire, akonwa haasiye muswe padare.’
d) ‘Ini handidi hangu. Tsvaga hako mumwe musikana.’
e) ‘Wanga warova wena.’
i) Panhaurwa dziri pamusoro, tsanangura kuti imwe neimwe ingataurwa
zvaita sei? (5)
ii) Ipa zita remusambo wemutauro unoenderana nenhaurwa yega yega
yapiwa. (5)
[10]

CHIKAMU III: MAUMBIRWO EMUTAURO

Pindura mibvunzo mitatu chete muchikamu chino.

6. a) Doma nzira ina dzokuisa mazita mumipanda yawo. (2)
b) Isa mazita anotevera mumipanda yawo yakakodzera.

danda huku Bere chana rwiyo

nyasi kunze musi churu ishe

256
penzura bhuku rudzi mberi kuGweru
mwando tete kumunda chisi mhiri
rwaivhi gaba nyati muto (8)
[10]

7. Ongorora zvirevo zvinotevera ugodoma mazita ezvakatarwa mitsetse pasi

pazvo.
a) Toenda kuMasvingo natete. (1)
b) Iye ega ndiye akabudirira pabasa iri. (3)
c) Dzimwe nguva anofamba achitaura ega. (3)
d) Sekuru vakandimutsa kwatodoka. (3)
[10]

8. Kubva muzvirevo zvinotevera nyukura zviito ugoratidza zvinotevera.

i) Chiito chashandiswa
ii) Mudzi wechiito chacho
iii) Rebeso yashandiswa pachiito ichocho
iv) Zita rerebeso yacho
a)
Tatenda atadza akasekwa naKumbirai. (2)
b)
Nesuwo tinofarira muchato. (2)
c)
Sunungura mbereko yemwana. (2)
d)
Anosekerera chaizvo nerudo. (2)
e)
Muvaki akapfurunura imba yedu. (2)

[10]

9. Nyora zvirevo zvishanu zvine zvidudzirazviito zvakasiyana. Doma zita

rechidudzirachiito chawashandisa panopera chirevo choga choga. [10]

10. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuumba nadzo mibvunzo dzakashandiswa mumibvunzo

inotevera.
a) Mwana uyu akadonha rinhi? (1)
b) Mhondi dzinofanira kufira mujeri handiti? (1)
c) Akasununguka mwanai? (1)
d) Munyika ino yeZimbabwe mune vanhu vangani? (1)
e) Mukomana uyo anopenga kanhi? (1)
f) Wavaona here vakomana vaye? (1)

257
 g) Hauzivisu kuti mwana wehuku anodya ndearipo? (2)
h) Maverenga vanhu, vashomasu? (2)
[10]

Mhinduro dzinotarisirwa

MHINDURO DZEPEPA 1

RONDEDZERO
Rondedzero ndiyo inoratidza kuti wakadzidza ChiShona nemazvo. Naizvozvo
unyanzvi hwezvikamu zvose zvemutauro weChiShona hunoratidzwa murondedzero
yaunonyora. Unofanirwa kusarudza musoro waune ruzivo rwakati wandei kupinda
zvimwe kuti ubudirire. Edza nepose paunogona kusaita mhosvo dzakanyanya
pakunyora rondedzero yaunenge wasarudza. Edza zvakare kuwana pfungwa
dzinopfuura gumi nembiri kuti ukwanise kusvitsa hurefu hunodikanwa padanho rino.
Hedzinoi dzimwe dzepfungwa dzaunganyore parondedzero imwe neimwe.
a) Tsanangura matambudziko anosangana nevanhu mukuchengeta varwere.
Ngaive tsananguro inoburitsa matambudziko anogona kusanganisira
anotevera
• Kushaikwa kwekudya kwakakodzera
• Kumuendesa kwachiremba nguva nenguva
• Kushaikwa kwemari yekuchipatara neyekutenga mishonga
• Kunzwisisana nemurwere kunogona kuita kushoma
• Kumushambidza kana arwarisa
• Kutapurira vamwe vemhuri
• Kumubatsira kana asisagone kuenda kuchimbuzi
• Kumudyisa
• Kumupa mapiritsi nenguva
• Kutadzisa vanhu kuita mamwe mabasa vachitarisa iye chete
• Nezvimwewo zvaungafunga zvawakamboonawo kana kunzwa
(50)

258
b) Kugara nhaka huona dzevamwe.
Iyi irondedzero yetsumo. Nyora nyaya imwe chete inoburitsa mutambi kana
vatambi vanowana ruzivo nekudzidza maitiro evamwe kana kuziva chinhu
mushure mekuona chaitwa nevamwe. (50)

c) Nyora nyaya inopera nemazwi anoti, ‘Regai zvichinzi munhu gutsikana

nezvaunazvo, handichafi ndakachiva cheumwe.
• Ngaive nyaya imwe chete ine mutambi kana vatambi vanoita ruchiva
rwekuda zvevamwe asi ivo vaine zvimwe zvavo. Mutambi kana vatambi
ava vanozopinda mudambudziko guru nekuda kweruchiva urwu.
• Jekesa zvake zvaainazvo zvacho
• Kusagutsikane nezvaainazvo nekuda kutora zvevamwe ngakubude
pachena
• Dambudziko guru raanozopinda ngaribude zvekare
• Rondedzero ngaipere nemazwi ari kudikanwa ayo sezvaari pasina
kutapudza kana kuwedzera. (50)

d) Kukaita mumwe chete abudirira mumhuri, musha wese unotarisira kuti

abatsire vamwe sei mumhuri imomo?
Irondedzero yetsananguro inofanirwa kujekesa zvinotevera
• Ndiani anogona kunge aine hupfumi mumhuri
• Kubatsira mhuri yose nezvekudya
• Kubatsira nepekugara
• Kuendesa vana kuzvikoro zvematanho ose
• Kuunza budiriro mumhuri nekuvaka dzimba nekutenga midziyo
• Nezvimwewo (50)

e) Nyora mhan’aro kuboka renyu rezvirongwa zvebudiriro uchipa budiriro

nematambudziko amakasngana nawo pakuvamba nekufambisa zvirongwa
zvenyu zvebudiriro mugore ramapedza.
• Nyora munyori wegwaro
• Ipa musoro wegwaro iri
• Nyora zuva ranyorwa gwaro iri
• Tsanangura zvirongwa zvebudiriro zvacho
• Jekesa budiriro iri kuitika
• Tsanangura matangiro nemafambisiro ezvirongwa zvenyu

259
 • Ipawo matambudziko amakasangana nawo nekugadziriswa kwawo
kana akagadzirisika
• nezvimwewo (50)

f) Nyora tsamba kushamwari yako iyo yawakanzwa kuti yava kunwa doro
nekuputa zvinodhaka uchiitsanangurira zvazvakaipira pamwe nekumupa
mazano anovaka.
• Tsamba kushamwari ngaive nekero imwe chete
• Hapana chinangwa, kungonyora nhungamidzo nekutopinda munyaya
yako
• Doma nekutsanangura zvakaipira doro nekuputa fodya muhupenyu
hwemunhu panyama kana pakurarama
• Kukanganisa mapapu
• Kupedza mari
• Kuzasokwanisa kufunga zvakanaka sezvo fodya ichikaka njere
• Kuita mabasa akashata wadhakwa akaita sebonde risina kudzivirirwa
zvichizokonzera kubatira chirwere cheshuramatongo
• Kusaronga zvinobudirira muhupenyu
• Kusaremekedzwawo pane vamwe uchingonzi unodhakwa
• Ipa mazano ezvingaitwe neshamwari kuti isiye zvinodhaka
• Kuenda kusvondo
• Kutsvaga shamwari dzinofurira zvakanaka
• Kuenda kuchikoro achigara achishanda
• Kushanda nesimba nekuneta kunoita kuti asfunga kunwa nekuputa
• Tsamba ngaipere nekukwazisa wonyora kuti wako kana shamwari
inokuda nezita rekutanga chete (50)

g) Nyora hurukuro pakati pevanhu vaviri vari kukakavadzana pamusoro

pezvidzidzo zvepazororo umwe achiti ngazviitwe umwe achiti
ngazvidziviswe.
Ipa vatambi vako mazita eChiShona akakodzera. Ngavave vaviri chete.
Mumwe nemumwe ngaabate divi rake achipa pfungwa dzine musoro
A Anoti ;zvidzidzo zvepazororo ngazviitwe
• Vadzidzi havanetseke nezvekufambisa kuenda kuchikoro
• Vadzidzi vanosununguka kubvunza zvavasina kunzwisisa pakotoro
yakapfuura

260
 • Varairidzi vanenge vaine nguva yakati rebei nekirasi imwe chete
• Vadzidzi vanoita dzokororo yakasimba
• Vane mukana wekudzosera murairidzi kumashure kusvika vanzwisisa

B Anoti; zvidzidzo zvepazororo ngazvidziviswe

• Zvinopedza mari yevabereki pane kuti vagadzirire kotoro inotevera
• Vadzidzi vanoshaya mukana wekuzorora nekumbozorodza pfungwa
• Varairidzi havazodzidzise nemoyo wese mukotoro vachizomirira
kushanda zvine samba pazororo
• Vamwe vadzidzi vasingatokwanise zvachose kubhadhara mari
yepazororo vanogona kutosara kumashure .
• Murairidzi anogona kutofamba nebumbiro pazororo vamwe vadzidzi
vachisarira (50)

Nzwisiso
a) Horomba dzemakudo airwisana mumugwagwa (1)
b) Shura remakudo ravainge vasangana naro (1)
c) Mudzimai wavo, Loriet ainge aenda kwaSadza neimwe motokari (2)
d) Vaishaya kuti vomutsvagira pai
Havana kuziva rudzi rwemota yaTony (2)
e) ‘…mwanakadzi ndokumionyoroka achiungana pasi sedora benyu rakandwa
murufuse.’ (2)
f) Mota yakanyura munhope (2)
g) Tsanangura mashoko anotevera sekushandiswa kwaakaitwa mundima.
i) Kusangana nezvinoshamisa (2)
ii) Vaifara zvakanyanya (2)
iii) Murume akasimba (2)
iv) Vakaenda mhiri kwemakungwa / vakaenda kunze kwenyika (2)
v) Vaiti vezvakaipa ndivo vakapinda mumatambudziko/ vakatadza vakafa
nokuda kwokutadza kwavo (2)
h) Pfungwa dzepfupiso
• kuenda kwaTony naLoriet kunofara kwaSadza
• kusangana neshura remakudo
• kutevera kwaMike naGarai
• kurwisana nekusungwa kwaMike naGarai
• kutiza kwaTony naLoriet

261
 • Kuwira munzira
• kuzowanikwa kwemarangwanda naZivanai naMelusi kwapera gore (10)

MHINDURO DZINOTARISIWA DZEPEPA 2

PEPA 2: ZVIRUNGAMUTAURO, MISAMBO NEMAUMBIRWO EMUTAURO

CHIKAMU 1 : Zvirungamutauro
Pindura mibvunzo miviri muchikamu chino
1. Mumagariro evaShona tsumo mbiri kana nhatu dzinogona kureva zvinhu
zvimwe chete. Wakanangana nepfungwa iyoyi, ipa tsumo imwe chete inoreva
zvakafanana neimwe neimwe yedzinotevera. Sarudza shanu chete.
a) Ziso rimwe harina ukomba - Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda (1)
b) Chako ndechako kuseva unosiya muto- Muchero wesango hauvimbwi nawo/
Tenda chaunacho chesango hachisiri chako (1)
c) Chaitemura chava kuseva - Aiva mazambuko ava madziva (1)
d) Gavi rakabva kumasvuuriro - Nzombe huru yakabva mukurerwa (1)
e) Kare haagari ari kare.- Pasi mupindu panopinduka (1)
f) Chava chigondora chava chimombe kutadza kutunga hurema hwacho- Kabva
muzai kava kashiri (1)
g) Musikana ihambakwe asvika anokanda chibwe- Mukadzi itsime rinoti asvika
anocherawo (1)

2. Shandisa mazwi anotevera mumitsara uchibudisa pfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana

dzaanoreva. Sarudza shanu chete
Muenzaniso: gomba i) Enda unorasa marara kugomba iro
ii) Gomba raMaidei rakazoendeswa kumatare edzimhosva
a) chema
i) Chipo akachema paakarohwa nababa vake.
ii) vanhu vemudunhu medu vanobvisa mari yechema kana pafiwa. (1)
b) doro
i) Sekuru Chimuti vanoita zvekudzedzereka kana vanwa doro rakawanda.
ii) ambuya vangu vakarima mupunga wakawanda mudoro ravo. (1)
c) guru
i) Tete vangu vakaroorwa paguru saka vanogara vachinetsana nemamwe
madzimai.
ii) Ndinofarira kudya sadza neguru. (1)
d) rota
i) Bvisa rota iro pachoto tione kubika kusati kwasviba.
ii) Ndinogarorota ndichifamba nendege. (1)
e) sora
i) Kana tichisakura tinobvisa sora chete tichisiya mbesa.
ii) kana vanhu vachida kuenda kunzvimbo itsva vanotuma munhu
kunosora. (1)

262
f) zuva
i) Zuva ranhasi riri kupisa chaizvo.
ii) Mazuva ano tiri kushaya mari yakakwana yekutenga zvekudya. (1)
g) imba
i) Mukoma vangu vanoimba zvinonwisa mvura.
ii) Imba yababa vangu yakakurisa, tose tinokwana nevana vedu. (1)

3. Ipa nyaudzosingwi dzinoenderana nezviito zvishanu pane zvinotevera.

Sokuti ; kudonha kwedamba; do-o
a) Kutota nhumbi dzose - nyakata (1)
b) Kupedza zvanga zviri mundiro - tsvai (1)
c) Kurumwa nenyuchi - ndure (1)
d) Kumedza zvinonzwika - gudyu (1)
e) Kugara kwemunhu ane nungo - gada (1)
f) Kusimuka uchikurumidza - nyamu (1)
g) Kuchena kwemukaka - weke (1)

4.a) akamubaira zanhi/ kuruma nzeve

b) kutsenga mvura ichibuda masese
c) kutambarara sorunyemba / kupura nyemba nomusana/ kusunga chihuri
nemudzonga wenyama
d) kupinda nemwenje mudziva / kuridza ngoma nedemo / kurasa muswe/
kumera muswe
e) kudya marasha/ kudya rukwenzi/ kudya magaka mambishi/ kudya moto
f) kutyorwa gumbo
g) kufira mafufu segonzo
[5]

CHIKAMU II: MISAMBO YEMUTAURO

Mhinduro dzemibvunzo yose yechikamu chino

5.a) Doma misambo yomutauro mina yaunoziva.
i. Chishamwari
ii. Chisahwira
iii. Chizukuru
iv. Chiramu
(4)
b) kubva pamisambo yawadoma pamusoro, sarudza mitatu chete
ugotsanangura zvinhu zviviri zvinowanikwa mune mumwe nemumwe.

Chishamwari - kusekedzana, shamwari neshamwari dzinogovana zvinhu ,

kuudzana pfimbi dzemwoyo

263
 Chizukuru - kutsiurana, kupana mazano ehupenyu

Chiramu - kusekedzana , kutamba vachibatana , kutsiurana

5. Verenga zvirevo zvinotevera ugopindura mibvunzo iri pasi pazvo.

a) ‘Chidyamatiyo wapedza hama. Rasa gona rako.’
b) ‘Mangwanani paBikai Bakery. Tokubatsirai nei?’
c) ‘Changamire, akonwa haasiye muswe padare.’
d) ‘Ini handidi hangu. Tsvaga hako mumwe musikana.’
e) ‘Wanga warova wena.’
i) Panhaurwa dziri pamusoro, tsanangura kuti imwe neimwe ingataurwa
zvaita sei?
a) sahwira achitaura nasahwira wake waanofungira kuti anoroya.
Parufu sahwira achitaura nezvasahwira wake kuti asiye zvekuroya,
akaromba, anobata mushonga. (1)
b) kana munhu achidavira runhare rwebasa (1)
c) kana munhu achitongwa padare ramambo/raShe (1)
d) kana musikana/mukadzi achipfimbwa nemukomana kana murume(1)
e) kana munhu achisangana nekukwazisana nemunhu wezera rake kana
mudiki kwaari kana vapedza nguva yakareba vasina kuonana. (1)
[5]
ii) Ipa zita remusambo wemutauro unoenderana nenhaurwa yega yega
yapiwa.
a) chisahwira (1)
b) chinyarikani (1)
c) chinyarikani (1)
d) chivhevhano (1)
e) chishamwari (1)
[5]

CHIKAMU III: MAUMBIRWO EMUTAURO

11.a) Doma nzira ina dzokuisa mazita mumipanda yawo.

i) zvivakashure zvakafanana
ii) sungawirirano yakafanana
iii) sungano yeushoma neuwandu yakafanana
iv) zvaanoreva zvakafanana (2)

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b) Isa mazita anotevera mumipanda yawo yakakodzera.

danda huku Bere chana rwiyo

nyasi kunze musi churu ishe
penzura bhuku rudzi mberi kuGweru
mwando tete kumunda chisi mhiri
rwaivhi gaba nyati muto (8)

Zita Mupanda
danda 5
Nyasi 17a
Penzura 9/10
mwando 3
Rwaivhi 11
Huku 9/10
kunze 17
bhuku 5
Tete 1a
Gaba 5
bere 5
Musi 3
Rudzi 11
kumunda 17
Nyati 9/10
Chana 7
Churu 7
Chisi 7
mberi 17a
muto 3
rwiyo 11
Ishe 1a
kuGweru 17
mhiri 17a
[10]

265
12. Ongorora zvirevo zvinotevera ugodoma mazita ezvakatarwa mitsetse pasi
pazvo.
a) -o-. chiratidzanguva chezvava pedyo kuitika (1)
b) Iye chisazitasingwi chevanhu (1)
ega chirevauwandu (1)
ndi- chiwedzerwa chechindori (1)
c) Dzimwe nguva anofamba achitaura ega.
Dzimwe - chiverengo (1)
-no- chiratidzanguva chezvinogaroitika (1)
-a nzvovera yekupedzisira (1)
d) Sekuru vakandimutsa kwatodoka
va- chiratidzamuiti (1)
-ndi- chiratidzamuitirwi
(1)
-ts- rebeso yekonzero (1)
[10]

13.
Kubva muzvirevo zvinotevera nyukura zviito ugoratidza zvinotevera.
i) Chiito chashandiswa
ii)
Mudzi wechiito chacho
iii)
Rebeso yashandiswa pachiito ichocho
iv)
Zita rerebeso yacho
a) Tatenda atadza akasekwa naKumbirai.
akasekwa (2)
-sek-
-w-
yekuitwa
b) Nesuwo tinofarira muchato. (2)
tinofarira
-far-
-ir-
yekuitira
c) Sungunura mbereko yemwana. (2)
sungunura
-sung-
-unur-
yepfumvunuro
d) Anosekerera chaizvo nerudo. (2)
anosekerera
-sek-
-erer-
yemherevedzo
e) Muvaki akapfurunura imba yedu. (2)
akapfurunura
-pfur-
-unur-
yepfumvunuro [10]

266
14. Nyora zvirevo zvishanu zvine zvidudzirazviito zvakasiyana. Doma zita
rechidudzirachiito chawashandisa panopera chirevo choga choga.
a) Mwana arohwa naamai -chidudzirachiito chemuiti
b) Anotaura sababa vake- chidudzirachiito chefanano
c) Ticharwa akarohwa nedanda mumusoro- chidudzirachiito chechombo
d) Sekai akaonekwa achifamba nemurume waMaidei- chidudzirachiito
chewadzano
e) Tichaenda kana vasvika mangwana - chidudzirachiito chenguva
[10]

15. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuumba nadzo mibvunzo dzakashandiswa mumibvunzo

inotevera.
a) Mwana uyu akadonha rinhi?
Kushandisa /rinhi/ (1)
b) Mhondi dzinofanira kufira mujeri handiti? (1)
Kushandisa /handiti/
c) Akasununguka mwanai? (1)
Kushandisa /-i/
d) Munyika ino yeZimbabwe mune vanhu vangani? (1)
Kushandisa /-ngani/
e) Mukomana uyo anopenga kanhi? (1)
Kushandisa /kanhi/
f) Wavaona here vakomana vaye? (1)
Kushandisa /here/
g) Hauzivisu kuti mwana wehuku anodya ndearipo? (2)
Kushandisa /-su/ neHwidzazwi
h) Maverenga vanhu, vashomasu? ß(2)
Kushandisa /hwidzazwi/, /-su/

267
REFERENCE LIST
E Gunda, Kutungamirira nekufambiswa kwemisangano yezvokurima kwakanaka.
Majuru na J.C. Kumbirai, Nduri dzeZimbabwe.
J.M.Gombe, Tsika DzavaShona
H. Chimhundu, Manyorero akanaka omutauro weChiShona.
M.A Hamutyinei, Mabvumira enhetembo.
I.M Zvarevashe, Museve wade nyama.
Rwiyo rwakaimbwa naPastor Rusikira, rwakanhadzurudzwa nokuwedzeredzwa
E. Chiome- Masango Mavi.
Jemedza na W.Magwa, Mambo Press.
C.Musengezi, Tipeiwo Dariro.
J .Chikanza, Vakasiiwa Pachena.
T.K Tsodzo, Rurimi rwaamai Bhuku 3.
F.L Bvindi, Kumuzinda hakuna woko.
C Mungoshi, Makunun’unu Maodzamwoyo.
M Mavesera, Makaitei.
Gona ChiShona 4
M.A Hamutyinei, Ndiye Wandaireva.
P. Chakaipa, Garandichauya.
Peter Marimi, Mutakunanzva Wenhetembo
P.G Macheka, Tipeiwo Dariro.
J.C.Kumbirai, Mabvumira Enhetembo .
Media Mugandani, Shoko Harivhikwi.
W Watadza, Yeukai ChiShona
G Fortune, Ngano Vol 1
Godfrey Muzondo, Arumwa Nenda Haakwenyi

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