DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-DASMARIÑAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM

THERMODYNAMICS
MODULE 5

BY:

ENGR. EDARDO L. ALASCO

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

V. MODULE 5 – REHEAT CYCLE

5.1 GOSPEL READING

5.2 INTRODUCTION

5.3 TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

5.4 REHEAT CYCLE WITH ONE STAGE OF REHEAT

5.4.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

5.4.2 PROCESSES

5.4.3 T-s DIAGRAM

5.4.4 h-s DIAGRAM

5.4.5 ENERGY ANALYSI

5.4.6 EFFICIENCIES
 5.1 GOSPEL READING

Let us put ourselves in the presence of God..

In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit..

Proverbs 2:6 and 10, “For the Lord gives wisdom, and from His mouth come

knowledge and understanding. For wisdom will enter your heart, and knowledge

will be pleasant to your soul”

St. John Baptist de la Salle..pray for us.. Live Jesus in our hearts..Forever

5.2 INTRODUCTION:

In basic Rankine cycle, after the isentropic development in turbine, steam is

specifically fed into condenser for condensation process. There are two turbines in the

reheat system which is utilized for enhancing effectiveness. Steam, after extension from

high pressure turbine, is sent again to boiler and heated till it comes to superheated

condition. It is then left to extend in low pressure turbine to accomplish condenser

pressure.

Draw the schematic diagram of Reheat Rankine cycle as in figure (1).

 Draw the enthalpy-entropy diagram for Reheat Rankine cycle as in figure (2).

The processes of Reheat Rankine cycle are explained below using the enthalpy-

entropy diagram.

Process 1-2

This process is known as high pressure turbine.

 Obtain the work-done by turbine using enthalpies of inlet and exit.

Where, h1 is the enthalpy for inlet state 1 and h2 is the enthalpy for outlet state 2.

To find the values of h1 and h2, use the given values of pressure and temperature at

point 1 to calculate first entropy at state 1(S1) and enthalpy (h1) from the superheated

steam table.

Next to find the variable is dryness fraction to calculate the value of entropy at exit state

2 (S2) with the given formula.

Write the formula for enthalpy at exit state 2.

Process 2-3

This process is known as boiler.

In this process calculate the values of h3 and S3.

Process 3-4

This process is known as low pressure turbine.

In this process calculate the values of h4 and S4.

Where, S4 is the entropy at state 4.

Process 4-5

This process is known as condenser.

In this process calculate the heat expelled from condenser.

Process 5-6

This process is known as pump.

In this process work done is calculated by the pump.

Where, h6 is the enthalpy at state 6.

Process 6-1

This process is known as boiler.

In this process obtain the heat supplied.

Where, h5 is the enthalpy at state 5.

Reference:

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/the-reheat-cycle-5

5.3 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

By the end of this course, students are expected to:

TLO1. Understand the different vapor cycles for power plant

TLO2. Connect the concept of steam processes in the analysis of the different

vapor cycles.

TLO3. Make an energy analysis on each component of the vapor cycle for power

plant.

TLO4. Evaluate the performance of each different cycle

5.4 Reheat Cycle With One Stage Of Reheat

5.4.1 Schematic diagram:

5.4.2 Processes:

1-2: Isentropic expansion, 𝑠1 = 𝑠2

2-3: Isobaric heat addition, 𝑃2 = 𝑃3

3-4: Isentropic expansion, 𝑠3 = 𝑠4

4-5: Isobaric heat rejection, 𝑃4 = 𝑃5

5-B: Isentropic compression, 𝑠5 = 𝑠𝐵

B-1: Isobaric heat addition, 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑃1

5.4.3 T-s diagram:

5.4.4 h-s diagram:

5.4.5 Energy analysis:

5.4.5.1 Boiler

by energy balance:

𝑚𝑤 ℎ𝐵 + 𝑄𝐴1 = 𝑚𝑠 ℎ1

technically, 𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑠

𝑸𝑨𝟏 = 𝒎𝒔 ( 𝒉𝟏 - 𝒉𝑩 )

where: 𝑚𝑤 = mass flow rate of boiler feedwater

𝑚𝑠 = mass flow rate of steam generated

𝑄𝐴1 = heat absorbed by the feedwater to become

steam.

= energy developed by the boiler

= capacity of the boiler

ℎ1 = enthalpy of generated steam

= enthalpy of steam entering the turbine.

ℎ𝐵 = enthalpy of feedwater
 ℎ𝐵 = ℎ𝑓 ] 𝑇𝐵

where 𝑇𝐵 = feedwater temperature

5.4.5.2 Turbine / engine

by energy balance:

𝑚𝑠 ℎ1 + 𝑚𝑠 ℎ3 = 𝑊𝐸 + 𝑚𝑠 ℎ2 + 𝑚𝑠 ℎ4

𝑾𝑬 = 𝒎𝒔 [ ( 𝒉𝟏 - 𝒉𝟐 ) + ( 𝒉𝟑 - 𝒉𝟒 ) ]

where: 𝑊𝐸 = work of the turbine / engine

ℎ2 = enthalpy of steam entering the reheater

ℎ3 = enthalpy of reheated steam

ℎ4 = enthalpy of exhaust steam

5.4.5.3 Condenser

by energy balance:

𝑚𝑠 ℎ4 = 𝑄𝑅 + 𝑚𝑐 ℎ5

technically, 𝑚𝑐 = 𝑚𝑠

𝑸𝑹 = 𝒎𝒔 ( 𝒉𝟒 - 𝒉𝟓 )

where: 𝑄𝑅 = heat rejected in the condenser

= capacity of the condenser

ℎ5 = enthalpy of condensate

ℎ5 = ℎ𝑓 ]𝑃𝐶

where 𝑃𝐶 = pressure of condenser

and 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑃4 = 𝑃5
5.4.5.4 Boiler Feedwater Pump

by energy balance:

𝑚𝑤 ℎ𝐵 = 𝑊𝑝 + 𝑚𝑐 ℎ5

technically, 𝑚𝑐 = 𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑠

𝑾𝒑 = 𝒎𝒔 ( 𝒉𝑩 - 𝒉𝟓 )

where: 𝑊𝑃 = pump work

Note: For estimation:

𝑾𝒑 = 𝒎𝒔 𝒗𝒇𝟓 (𝑷𝑩 - 𝑷𝟓 )

and 𝒗𝒇𝟓 = 𝑣𝑓 ]𝑃5

 5.4.5.5 Reheater

𝑚𝑠 ℎ2 + 𝑄𝐴2 = 𝑚𝑠 ℎ3

𝑸𝑨𝟐 = 𝒎𝒔 ( 𝒉𝟑 - 𝒉𝟐 )

where:

𝑄𝐴1 = heat added to steam in the reheater

ℎ3 = enthalpy of reheated steam

ℎ2 = enthalpy of steam entering the reheater

𝑚𝑠 = mass flow rate of steam

5.4.6 Efficiencies:

5.4.6.1 Thermal efficiency, e

5.4.6.1.1 Ideal Engine Thermal Efficiency, e

𝑊𝐸
e= x 100%
𝐸𝐶

𝑬𝑪 = 𝒎𝒔 [ ( 𝒉𝟏 - 𝒉𝟓 ) + ( 𝒉𝟑 - 𝒉𝟐 ) ]
 5.4.6.1.2 Cycle Thermal Efficiency, 𝒆𝑪

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝒆𝑪 = x 100%
𝑄𝐴𝑇

where: 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = net work

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝐸 - 𝑊𝑃

𝑄𝐴𝑇 = 𝑄𝐴1 + 𝑄𝐴2

Example1. An ideal turbine with one stage of reheat receives steam at 8 MPa, 500oC.

reheat pressure is 0.8 MPa and exhaust pressure is 0.005 MPa. If the temperature of

reheated steam is 400oC, find 𝑊𝐸 , e and 𝒆𝑪 .

Schematic diagram:
Solution:

a) 𝑊𝐸 = ( ℎ1 - ℎ2 ) + ( ℎ3 - ℎ4 )

𝐾𝐽
ℎ1 = ℎ]𝑇=500 𝐶
𝑃=8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 3,398.3
𝑘𝑔

𝐾𝐽
𝑠1 = 𝑠]𝑇=500 𝐶
𝑃=8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 6.7240
𝑘𝑔 𝐾

and 𝑠1 = 𝑠2

To check the condition at point 2:

𝐾𝐽
𝑠𝑔 ]𝑃=0.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 6.6628 𝑘𝑔 𝐾

since 𝑠2 > 𝑠𝑔 ]𝑃=0.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → pt.2 is superheated

solving for ℎ2 :

from T-3 at P = 0.8 MPa,

h s

2792.4 6.7146

ℎ2 6.7240

2804.3 6.7408

𝐾𝐽
ℎ2 = 2796.67 𝑘𝑔 (by interpolation)

𝐾𝐽
ℎ3 = ℎ]𝑇=400 𝐶
𝑃=0.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 3,267.1
𝑘𝑔

𝐾𝐽
𝑠3 = 𝑠]𝑇=400 𝐶
𝑃=0.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 7.5716
𝑘𝑔 𝐾

and 𝑠3 = 𝑠4

To check the condition at point 4:

𝐾𝐽
𝑠𝑔 ]𝑃=0.005 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 8.3951
𝑘𝑔 𝐾

since 𝑠4 < 𝑠𝑔 ]𝑃=0.005 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → pt.2 is wet

𝑠4 = 𝑠𝑓4 + 𝑥4 𝑠𝑓𝑔4 ]𝑃=0.005 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐾𝐽
and 𝑠3 = 𝑠4 = 7.5716 𝑘𝑔 𝐾

𝑠4 − 𝑠𝑓 7.5716−0.4764
4
𝑥4 = 𝑠𝑓𝑔
= x 100% = 89.6%
4
7.9187

ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓4 + 𝑥4 ℎ𝑓𝑔4 ]𝑃=0.005 𝑀𝑃𝑎

 𝐾𝐽
ℎ4 = 137.82 + (0.896)(2423.7) = 2,309.45 𝑘𝑔

hence, 𝑊𝐸 = (3,398.3 -2796.67) + (3,267.1 - 2,309.45)

𝑲𝑱
𝑊𝐸 = 1,559.28 𝒌𝒈 Ans.

𝑊𝐸
b) e = x 100%
𝐸𝐶

𝐸𝐶 = ( ℎ1 - ℎ5 ) + ( ℎ3 - ℎ2 )
𝐾𝐽
ℎ5 = ℎ𝑓 ]𝑃𝐶=0.005 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 137.82 𝑘𝑔

𝐾𝐽
𝐸𝐶 = (3,398.3 - 137.82) + (3,267.1 - 2796.67) = 3,730.91 𝑘𝑔

1,559.28
e= x 100% = 41.79 % Ans.
3,730.91

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
c). 𝒆𝑪 = x 100%
𝑄 𝐴𝑇

where: 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = net work

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝐸 - 𝑊𝑃

𝑊𝑝 = 𝑣𝑓5 (𝑃𝐵 - 𝑃5 )

𝑚3
and 𝑣𝑓3 = 𝑣𝑓 ]𝑃=0.005 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 1.0053 x 10-3 𝑘𝑔

𝑚3 𝐾𝑁 𝐾𝑁 𝑚 𝐾𝐽
𝑊𝑝 = 1.0053 x 10-3 (8 – 0.005) x 103 = 8.037 = 8.037
𝑘𝑔 𝑚2 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
 𝐾𝐽
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 1,559.28 - 8.037 = 1,551.24 𝑘𝑔

and 𝑄𝐴𝑇 = 𝑄𝐴1 + 𝑄𝐴2

𝑄𝐴1 = ℎ1 - ℎ𝐵

ℎ𝐵 = 𝑊𝑝 + ℎ5

𝐾𝐽
ℎ5 = 137.82 𝑘𝑔

𝐾𝐽
ℎ𝐵 = 8.037 + 137.82 = 145.86
𝑘𝑔

𝐾𝐽
𝑄𝐴1 = 3,398.3 - 145.86 = 3,252.44 𝑘𝑔

𝐾𝐽
𝑄𝐴2 = ℎ3 - ℎ2 = 3,267.1 – 2,796.67 = 470.43
𝑘𝑔

𝐾𝐽
𝑄𝐴𝑇 = 3,252.44 + 470.43 = 3,722.87 𝑘𝑔

1,551.24
hence, 𝒆𝑪 = x 100% = 41.67 % Ans.
3,722.87
REFERENCES

Online References
Call Reference Material
number or
e-provider
Online https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Vprz4XisuQ
Online https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeIrXPISyMk
You tube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmj0Ee_99qA
Channel
You tube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ8uiLDEL8o
Channel
You tube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVjoAI6Yal4
Channel
You tube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFZN71MY71o
Channel
You tube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uokZ0EknUyY
Channel
https://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node61.html

On-Site References
Call Reference Material
number or
e-provider
Call #: TJ Kroos, Kenneth A, 2015, Thermodynamics for Engineers, Mason, OH : Cengage Learning
265 .K926
2015
Call #: TJ Granet, Irving (2015)Thermodynamics and Heat Power, Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor &
265 .G765
2015 Francis, 2015 Eighth edition.
ISBN: Bejan,Adrian (2016) Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics [electronic resource] Newark :
978-1- Wiley, 2016
11924596-4
((electronic
bk.)

Call #:TJ Yunus A. Cengel, John M. Cimbala, Robert H. Turner ; adapted by Mehment Kanoglu, (2017),
265 .C332 Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, New York : McGraw-Hill Education, c2017, 5th
2017 Edition in SI units.

Call #: TJ Rajput, R. K.(2010), Engineering Thermodynamics, Sudbury, MA : Jones and Bartlett

265 .R137 Publishers, c2010 3rd Ed.
2010

ISBN:97818 Engineering Thermodynamics, Murugan, S. New Delhi : Alpha Science Internation

42658437. Limited. 2014. eBook.
9781783320
509 eBook.
EBSCO

ISBN 971 Thermodynamics, 6th Edition, Faires Virgil Moring , Simmang Clifford Max MacMillan
1055 03 1 Publishing Company, 1970