Waste, water and

wastewater
management

MUHAMAD HISSAMMUDDIN SHAH

• 1. DEFINITION
Waste - any substance or object which the holder discards or
intends or is required to discard

Solid Waste - any garbage or refuse, sludge from a

wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or
air pollution control facility and other discarded material,
resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural
operations, and from community activities

Solid Waste management - Waste management is the

precise name for the collection, transportation, disposal or
recycling and monitoring of waste
 Physical state - Solid waste, Liquid
waste & Gaseous waste

2. Categories of
Waste - are Source - Household/Domestic waste,
Industrial waste, Agricultural waste,
liquid, solid and Commercial waste, Demolition and
gaseous waste construction waste, & Mining waste.

Environmental impact - Hazardous

waste & Non-hazardous waste
Categories of Waste

2.1 Municipal Solid Waste

2.2 Industrial Solid Waste
2.3 Hazardous waste
2.1 Municipal Solid Waste
Solid Waste Generation in Malaysia
Municipal Waste Management
2.2 Industrial Solid Waste
Source of Industrial waste
Industrial Waste Generator and waste
types
Alternative Industrial Waste Treatment
2.3 Hazardous
waste Waste generated from industrial sources can have
non‐hazardous and hazardous components, with
non‐hazardous waste usually representing the
greater part of the volume. The hazardous
component of this waste is relatively small in
volume.

This type of waste was identified as hazardous

waste when proceeds toxicity test, corrosively test,
ignitability test, and some special character test. As
a hazardous pollutant, it may impose serious
impacts on surrounding environment and such
impacts should be quantitatively examined to
assess the influence on human health
Hazardous Waste Classification
Hazardous Waste Treatment
Hazardous Waste Treatment..... cont
3. Waste Reduction
3.1 Municipal
Waste
 Reducing waste – to avoid waste at source so as to
Reducing minimise the quantity of waste that needs to be treated or
disposed of

3R
Reusing waste – to use an object or material again, either
Reusing for its original or similar purpose, without significantly
altering the physical form of the object or material

Recycling waste – the process of transforming waste

materials into reusable form which may or may not be like
Recycling the original product 3R practices encompass all measures
that minimise the amount of waste disposed of.
Waste generated in office
Composting
Aerobic composting
Anaerobic composting
 Vermicomposting
• In vermicomposting, worms are feed by organic wastes and the worms change
it to fertilizer. In this process, by feeding the worms with organic materials,
some of the bacteria that have useful role in decomposition of organic wastes,
added to them and expedite the organic materials' decomposition. Also, these
bacteria have positive effects on stabilization and making minerals applicable
for plants.

• The worms used in the process can also as a byproduct in the process are
discussed because; they do grow and multiply during the process and these
organisms can use for producing various products, especially in the production
of poultry and fish meal. Each earthworm body is composed of about 60-70%
of protein and has much levels of essential amino acids like methionine and
Lysine which the quantities is even much than livestock and fish. Worms body
are consisting of 6-11% fat, 5-21% carbohydrate, 2-3% minerals and some
vitamins, particularly niacin and vitamin B12 are notable. The worms' activity
has negative effect on pathogens and some researchers have shown that the
vermicompost is healthier than other organic fertilizers such as compost and
manure. Some problem associated with vermicompost is about the worms, the
worms are sensitive to pH, temperature and moisture content which must be
controlled during the process.
3.2 Hazardous Waste