Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cramp
Cramp
Kekejangan
Penafian perubatan
sunting (https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.ph
p?title=Kekejangan&action=edit§ion=0)
Kekejangan mungkin berlaku pada otot
rangka atau otot licin. Kekejangan otot
rangka mungkin disebabkan oleh keletihan
otot atau kekurangan elektrolit seperti
natrium (hiponatremia), kalium
(hipokalemia), atau magnesium
(hipomagnesemia[3]). Sesetengah
kekejangan otot rangka tidak mempunyai
punca yang jelas.[2] Kekejangan otot licin
mungkin disebabkan oleh haid atau
gastroenteritis. Gangguan neuron motor
(cth, sklerosis lateral amiotrofik),
gangguan metabolik (cth, kegagalan hati),
sesetengah ubat (cth, diuretik dan
betaagonis disedut), dan hemodialisis juga
boleh menyebabkan kekejangan otot.[2]
Kekejangan biasanya bermula secara tiba-
tiba dan ia juga biasanya hilang dengan
sendirinya dalam tempoh beberapa saat,
minit atau jam. Sindrom kaki resah tidak
dianggap sama dengan kekejangan otot
dan tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan
kekejangan rehat.[2]
Diagnosis pembezaan
Punca kekejangan termasuk:[4] hiperfleksi,
hipoksia, pendedahan terhadap perubahan
besar suhu, dehidrasi, atau garam darah
rendah. Kekejangan otot juga boleh
menjadi gejala atau komplikasi kehamilan;
penyakit buah pinggang; penyakit tiroid;
hipokalemia, hipomagnesemia, atau
hipokalsemia (sebagai keadaan); sindrom
kaki resah; urat varikos;[5] dan sklerosis
berbilang.[6]
Rawatan
Regangan, urut dan minum banyak cecair
mungkin membantu dalam merawat
kekejangan otot yang mudah.[8]
Ubat
Pencegahan
Penyesuaian diri, regangan, persediaan
mental, penghidratan dan keseimbangan
elektrolit mencukupi cenderung membantu
dalam mencegah kekejangan otot.[8]
Rujukan
1. Minetto, Marco Alessandro; Holobar,
Aleš; Botter, Alberto; Farina, Dario (Jan
2013). "Origin and development of
muscle cramps" (https://journals.lww.c
om/acsm-essr/fulltext/2013/01000/or
igin_and_development_of_muscle_cra
mps.3.aspx) . Exercise and Sport
Sciences Reviews. 41 (1): 3–10.
doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3182724817
(https://doi.org/10.1097%2FJES.0b01
3e3182724817) . ISSN 1538-3008 (htt
ps://www.worldcat.org/issn/1538-300
8) . PMID 23038243 (https://pubmed.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23038243) .
2. Garrison, Scott R.; Korownyk, Christina
S.; Kolber, Michael R.; Allan, G.
Michael; Musini, Vijaya M.; Sekhon,
Ravneet K.; Dugré, Nicolas (September
2020). "Magnesium for skeletal
muscle cramps" (https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC809417
1) . The Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews. 2020 (9):
CD009402.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009402.pub
3 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2F146518
58.CD009402.pub3) . ISSN 1469-
493X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/
1469-493X) . PMC 8094171 (https://w
ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
C8094171) . PMID 32956536 (https://
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32956536) .
3. Gragossian, Alin; Bashir, Khalid; Friede,
Rotem (September 6, 2020).
"Hypomagnesemia" (https://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500003/) .
PMID 29763179 (https://pubmed.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/29763179) . Dicapai pada
October 14, 2020. "Hypomagnesemia
is an electrolyte disturbance caused
when there is a low level of serum
magnesium [...] in the blood"
4. Muscle Cramps Symptoms, Causes,
Treatment – Do all muscle cramps fit
into the above categories on
MedicineNet (http://www.medicinenet.
com/muscle_cramps/page2.htm#2wh
atare) Diarkibkan (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20080824152442/http://w
ww.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/
page2.htm) 2008-08-24 di Wayback
Machine. Medicinenet.com. Retrieved
on 2011-02-13.
5. Bergin J. The Vein Book, Hardcover
text, Editor Bergin J, 2007.
6. Muscle Cramps at WebMD (http://ww
w.webmd.com/hw-popup/Muscle-cra
mps) Diarkibkan (https://web.archive.
org/web/20071015073632/http://ww
w.webmd.com/hw-popup/muscle-cra
mps) 2007-10-15 di Wayback
Machine
7. Roberts, HJ (1965). "Spontaneous Leg
Cramps and "restless Legs" Due to
Diabetogenic Hyperinsulinism:
Observations on 131 Patients". Journal
of the American Geriatrics Society. 13
(7): 602–38. doi:10.1111/j.1532-
5415.1965.tb00617.x (https://doi.org/
10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.1965.tb0061
7.x) . PMID 14300967 (https://pubme
d.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14300967) .
8. Bentley S (June 1996). "Exercise-
induced muscle cramp. Proposed
mechanisms and management".
Sports Med. 21 (6): 409–20.
doi:10.2165/00007256-199621060-
00003 (https://doi.org/10.2165%2F00
007256-199621060-00003) .
PMID 8784961 (https://pubmed.ncbi.n
lm.nih.gov/8784961) .
9. "Assessment: Symptomatic treatment
for muscle cramps (an evidence-
based review): Report of the
Therapeutics and Technology
Assessment Subcommittee of the
American Academy of Neurology" (htt
ps://doi.org/10.1212%2FWNL.0b013e
3181d0ccca) . Neurology. 74 (8):
691–6. 2010.
doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d0ccca
(https://doi.org/10.1212%2FWNL.0b0
13e3181d0ccca) . PMID 20177124 (ht
tps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20177
124) .
10. "Heat cramps: fluid and electrolyte
challenges during tennis in the heat". J
Sci Med Sport. 6 (1): 19–27. March
2003. doi:10.1016/S1440-
2440(03)80005-1 (https://doi.org/10.1
016%2FS1440-2440%2803%2980005-
1) . PMID 12801207 (https://pubmed.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12801207) .
Pautan luar
Diambil daripada
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