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Sms 2700 Intro XXXX Ud10
Sms 2700 Intro XXXX Ud10
Sms 2700 Intro XXXX Ud10
Introduction Guide
Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
Copyright© Logica Mobile Networks Limited, 1996-2003. All rights reserved. The copyright in
this document is owned by Logica Mobile Networks Limited (“LogicaCMG”). This document
may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form without the express consent of
LogicaCMG in writing.
Certain Trade Marks referred to in this document are the property of LogicaCMG, the rights of
owners of other Trade Marks referred to in this document are hereby acknowledged.
Although LogicaCMG uses all reasonable effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of
this document, no warranty or representation whatever is given by LogicaCMG in respect of it
and any use of or reliance on any of the information contained herein is entirely at the risk of
the person so acting. LogicaCMG shall have no liability whatsoever in respect of any use of or
reliance on any such information.
This document corresponds to the Telepath SMSC Product for Release 2700, and also to any
subsequent release, unless otherwise indicated in technical notes or new documentation.
Table of Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................................ix
Intended Readers ................................................................................................................ x
Structure of this Document................................................................................................. x
Related Documentation .....................................................................................................xi
Typographic Conventions ................................................................................................xii
LogicaCMG Documentation ...........................................................................................xiii
1. Context of Telepath SMSC ...........................................................................................1-1
1.1 Overview of Telepath SMSC.......................................................................1-2
1.2 Telepath SMSC Local Environment............................................................1-4
1.2.1 Hardware Configuration ..............................................................................1-4
1.2.2 Proprietary Software ....................................................................................1-5
1.2.3 Telepath SMSC Software ............................................................................1-6
1.3 *Customer Care Server................................................................................1-8
1.4 Application Interfaces..................................................................................1-9
1.4.1 Mobile Network Interface............................................................................1-9
1.4.2 Short Message Peer-to-Peer Interface (SMPP)..........................................1-10
1.4.3 Network Management System Interface (NMS) .......................................1-10
1.4.4 System Manager Terminal (TPSMT) ........................................................1-11
1.4.5 Distributed and Remote Administration and Provisioning........................1-11
1.4.6 Customer Message Entry System (TPCUST)............................................1-11
1.4.7 Telocator Alphanumeric Protocol Interface (TAP) ...................................1-11
1.4.8 Telocator Network Paging Protocol (TNPP) .............................................1-12
1.4.9 Universal Computer Protocol (UCP).........................................................1-12
1.4.10 Sierra Interface...........................................................................................1-13
1.4.11 Distributed Management Metrics Module (DMM) ...................................1-13
1.4.12 * Prepaid Gateway (tpprepaidg) ................................................................1-14
1.5 Telepath SMSC External Environment .....................................................1-14
1.5.1 Short Message Entities ..............................................................................1-14
2. Message Management ...................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Short Messaging Modes ..............................................................................2-2
2.2 Classic Messaging .......................................................................................2-3
2.3 Premium Messaging ....................................................................................2-4
2.3.1 Premium Message Operations .....................................................................2-5
2.4 *Customer Care for Premium Messaging....................................................2-6
2.5 Express Messaging ......................................................................................2-7
2.5.1 Express Message Queues.............................................................................2-7
2.5.2 Express Message Retry................................................................................2-8
2.5.3 SMS Alert Notification on Express Messages.............................................2-9
2.6 *Real Time Billing ....................................................................................2-10
2.6.1 Starting Real Time Billing.........................................................................2-11
2.6.2 Stopping Real Time Billing .......................................................................2-12
2.7 Message Types...........................................................................................2-12
2.8 Short Message States .................................................................................2-13
2.9 Message Lengths .......................................................................................2-14
2.10 Short Message Responses..........................................................................2-14
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide List of Figures
List of Figures
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide List of Tables
List of Tables
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viii SMS-2700-INTRO-xxxx-UD10
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Preface
Preface
The Telepath Short Message Service Centre (SMSC) provides the functionality to send, deliver,
receive and store Short Messages (SMs) in a digital cellular network. This manual provides an
overview of the Telepath SMSC context and architecture and detailed descriptions on the
features of a Telepath SMSC. This preface comprises the following sections:
• Intended Readers
• Structure of this Document
• Related Documentation
• Typographic Conventions
• LogicaCMG Documentation
Note: This document corresponds to the Telepath SMSC software that is a component of
Telepath SMSC Release 2700, and also to any subsequent release, unless otherwise
indicated in technical notes or new documentation.
SMS-2700-INTRO-xxxx-UD10 ix
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Preface Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
Intended Readers
This document is intended for Telepath SMSC users who are responsible for implementing new
features on the Telepath SMSC. It is recommended that the reader have a working knowledge
of the operation and maintenance of the Telepath SMSC and a working knowledge of UNIX.
• Appendix A: Amendments
This chapter outlines the new features and functionality of Release 2700 that are described
in this document.
• Glossary
• Index
x SMS-2700-INTRO-xxxx-UD10
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Some headings will feature an asterisk (*). This indicates that new feature(s) have
been added, enhancing the functionality of the Telepath SMSC 2700. For more
information, or to have this feature added to your current system, please contact
your local LogicaCMG representative.
Related Documentation
The document provides an overview of the Telepath SMSC and describes the administration
and management tasks relating to it. It should be read in conjunction with the following books:
SMS-2700-INTRO-xxxx-UD10 xi
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Preface Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
Typographic Conventions
The following conventions are used in the text of this document to distinguish particular types
of information:
Monospace Bold Commands and text that users are instructed to enter at the
keyboard.
Character Identifies
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LogicaCMG Documentation
Ordering Documentation
To order extra copies of LogicaCMG documentation in either hardcopy or softcopy format,
contact your LogicaCMG account manager or send an email to mndocs@logicaCMG.com.
Customer Feedback
In order to maintain the high standard of service that LogicaCMG provides, we welcome any
suggestions and comments that you may have on the quality and usability of the documentation.
A Reader’s Comment Form is included at the back of this document. We would be grateful if
you could take the time to complete this form and return it to us at your earliest possible
convenience.
Please submit any comments that you may have to this address:
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SMS-2700-INTRO-xxxx-UD10 1-1
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The Telepath SMSC system provides the functionality to send short messages (SMs) from one
Short Message Entity (SME) to another. Short messages are text-based, limited-length
messages, as defined by the appropriate telecommunications standards, for example, GSM. An
SME is usually a mobile handset, but can also be any electronic device capable of transmitting
or receiving text messages, for example, a computer terminal, or a Voice Mail system.
The Telepath SMSC system consists of the Telepath SMSC software and a UNIX platform
(hardware, operating system, and related software) on which the Telepath SMSC software runs.
Telepath
SMSC
Network
Management System
The processes of Telepath SMSC correspond to the following three stages in the lifecycle of
short messages:
• Processes responsible for the submission of short messages and subsequent delivery into
Telepath SMSC (transmitters)
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• Processes responsible for scheduling and storing of messages (Telepath SMSC core
processes)
• Processes responsible for accepting messages and routing them to a final destination
(receivers)
The context within which Telepath SMSC operates can be divided into:
2. The External Environment. This consists of applications and services with which Telepath
SMSC interacts. Such as:
• Short Message Entities (mobile and non-mobile)
• Application services, for example, Voice Mail Systems, or Paging Bureaus
See “Telepath SMSC External Environment” on page 1-14 for more information.
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The Telepath SMSC runs on a HP or Lucent platform both running HP-UX 11 Operating
System. Figure 1-2 shows the hardware platform.
SIU/
TSU
Hardware
Platform
This diagram contains references to an SIU and a TSU. An SIU is the Signalling Interface Unit
and it provides the connectivity between the SS7 platform and the SS7 network. The TSU is the
Telecom Signalling Unit and it provides the same functionality as an SIU. For more information
on SS7, refer to the Telepath SMSC Maintenance Guide.
For more information on recommended disk configurations and memory sizing, refer to the
Telepath SMSC Feature Description.
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The Telepath SMSC software environment (except for the Telepath SMSC software itself) may
consist of the following:
SS7 RDBMS
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The core processes that are part of a default installation of the Telepath SMSC are described in
Table 1-1.
tpkernel Messages are accepted from transmitter interfaces and routed through receiver
interfaces via tpkernel. tpkernel determines whether messages are retried.
tpkernel is also responsible for reserving and structuring memory for other
Telepath processes during startup.
tpevent This process is responsible for monitoring Events within Telepath SMSC, or
any related applications. All Events are logged and must be monitored regularly
by the System Administrator to ensure no serious errors occur on the system.
tpspooler This process updates the cdrstat table in the database, creates a CDR for each
short message and puts each CDR in a billing file.
tpcdrpostpp tpcdrpostpp reformats the billing files created by Telepath SMSC and also
provides additional statistical information if required.
tptimer If tpkernel receives a Scheduled message, the message is stored in the database.
tptimer periodically examines the database and informs tpkernel about any
outstanding message deliveries which are to be attempted. tptimer changes the
state of a message from Scheduled to For Delivery before sending it to
tpkernel. If a Scheduled message is submitted for delivery and the scheduled
date is in the past, then it is treated as a normal message.
tptimer also periodically generates a statistic Event to tpevent to cause a
logging of Event statistics.
tpmonitor This is a stand alone process which has a monitoring function within Telepath
SMSC and is responsible for ensuring that the system is resilient in the event of
a process failure.
tpsme_init tpsme_init is responsible for initialising the shared memory database during a
cold startup.
tpsa tpsa is the SNMP Subagent which is used in Telepath SMSC to facilitate
routing of system performance data to an external network management
system. Refer to the SNMP Subagent Configuration Guide for
information on tpsa.
Table 1-1: Telepath SMSC Core Processes
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tpproxy_DAP This process is used to start the Distributed Administration and Provisioning
(DAP) interface.
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In premium messaging, messages which have reached a Done state may be overwritten at any
time due to the method of storage used. This is known as a Premium Message Store. The
Premium Message Store storage system consist of a series of UNIX data files and is constantly
purged by new messages overwriting old or Done messages. Done messages can not be reliably
viewed through the DAP portal. The Customer Care server allows for premium messages in a
Done state to be viewed reliably through the DAP portal by storing them on the Customer Care
server. These messages are stored in a short-msg table for a period of seven days. After seven
days they are moved to the deadshort_msg table for archiving to an off-line Archive Record
Store. Messages stored on this server will contain message text to a maximum of 16 characters.
See Chapter 2 for details.
Note: The off-line Archive Record Store is provided but not managed by LogicaCMG.
1. Some headings will feature an asterisk (*). This indicates that new feature(s) have been
added, enhancing the functionality of the Telepath SMSC 2700. For more information, or to
have this feature added to your current system, please contact your local LogicaCMG
representative.
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There are a number of external services and applications with which Telepath SMSC interacts.
The following is a list of possible external services and interfaces available:
• Mobile Network
• Short Message Peer to Peer (SMPP)
• Network Management System (NMS)
• Telepath SMSC System Manager Terminal (TPSMT)
• Distributed Administration and Provisioning (DAP) interface
• Remote Administration and Provisioning (RAP) interface
• Telocator Alphanumeric Protocol (TAP)
• Telocator Network Paging Protocol (TNPP)
• Universal Computer Protocol (UCP)
• Sierra
• Telepath SMSC Provisioning Customers (CAI)
• Distributed Metrics Management (DMM) interface
• Short Message Peer to Peer Provisioning (SMPP-P)
The following sections describe these interfaces.
Note: It is important to remember that each Telepath SMSC installation is customer specific,
and may not support all of these interfaces.
The Telepath SMSC interface to the Mobile Network is accomplished through a dedicated
interface referred to as the Mobile Network Interface (MN-IF). This interface runs on top of the
SS7 stack. The MN-IF is responsible for:
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The interface between the Telepath SMSC and other non-PLMN (Public Land Mobile
Network) SMEs, for example, Paging or Voice Mail Systems, can be implemented over X.25
or TCP/IP. Non-PLMN SMEs, referred to as External Short Message Entities (ESMEs), submit
SMs and queries to the Telepath SMSC and the Telepath SMSC forwards query responses and
submits SMs (for example, delivery receipts) to the ESME. All messages sent, in either
direction, generate an immediate response.
When a voice mail message is received by Telepath SMSC from an ESME, the
Telepath SMSC extracts the voice mail values from the message. Normally, this
includes an index to retrieve one of a number of predefined short message texts from
the Telepath SMSC database. For additional information on predefined short
messages, refer to the SMPP Interface Configuration Guide.
Having retrieved the appropriate text, Telepath SMSC combines the text and the
numeric values from the voice mail message, determined by the format defined in the
predefined message text, to construct a short message for transmission to the mobile
subscriber.
For information on the SMPP Interface, refer to the SMPP Interface Configuration Guide.
Network Management System (NMS) is an external service within which Telepath SMSC
interacts.
Telepath SMSC may provide two possible interfaces to the NMS depending on your specific
configuration.
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The Telepath SMSC System Manager Terminal (TPSMT) provides a highly configurable
interface for Telepath SMSC operators and system administrators for performing a wide range
of system administration, operations and maintenance functions. For further information on the
TPSMT application, refer to the TPSMT User’s Guide.
Refer to the RAP User’s Guide for a full description of the RAP interface.
The Telepath SMSC Customer Message Entry System (TPCUST) provides an interface for
communication between subscribed customers of the Short Messaging System and destination
SMEs. Options include viewing, sending, accepting, replacing and deleting short messages.
Refer to the TPCUST User’s Guide for a full description of the TPCUST application.
This Interface is responsible for the support of message submission from TAP clients to mobile
stations through the PLMN.
The TAP Interface allows a remote device to send information to the Telepath SMSC through
Hayes compatible modems or over TCP/IP from the TAP clients such as:
Upon successful connection with the Telepath SMSC, the TAP client submits the prepared
message and attempts delivery to the Telepath SMSC. A response is sent to the TAP client from
the Telepath SMSC indicating if message submission was successful. If submission was
successful, the message is forwarded to the designated mobile station.
Refer to the TAP Interface Configuration Guide for a full description of the TAP Interface.
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TNPP is a point-to-point digital communications protocol that has become a paging industry
standard for communicating between Paging Terminals. This protocol was developed to meet
the demand for multi-city, regional, and nationwide paging services.
Universal Computer Protocol (UCP) is an interface used by external systems to access paging
services. The UCP Interface is responsible for the support of message submission from UCP
clients to Telepath SMSC through the PLMN. UCP is suitable to run over X.25 or TCP/IP in
the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The UCP Interface inserts UCP short
messages into the short_msg table. It uses the Customer table to validate the originating party
of the message if validation is switched on.
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• Accepts connections from a number of remote UCP client applications; the maximum
number of connections is thirty-two
• Responds to operation requests from UCP client applications
• Returns a delivery result of these messages to the UCP client
• Validates operation request messages through syntax checking, and parameter checking.
A negative result message is sent to the client if validation fails
• Validates the originator of the short message. If validation fails, a negative result message
is sent to the client
• Stores the short message and notifies the kernel
• Broadcasts short messages to multiple destinations
• Provides storage of short messages for later delivery
• Generates statistics
• Provides error handling for both protocol errors and internal errors
Refer to the UCP Interface Configuration Guide for a full description of the UCP Interface.
The Telepath SMSC provides an interface to the Octel Sierra System. The Octel Sierra System
provides the required interaction with the PLMN and the PSTN, to inform subscribers that there
is a voice mail present in their voice mailbox, and of forwarding alphanumeric pages to the
subscribers, collected via the VMS/IVR (Voice Mail System/Interactive Voice Recognition)
system and DTMF equipped phones.
Refer to the Sierra Interface Configuration Guide for a full description of the Sierra Interface.
The Distributed Management Metrics Module (DMM) is a Web-based user interface for
generating and viewing statistics on the Telepath SMSC. The client is implemented in Java and
can run on the Netscape navigator browser. It provides statistical information on:
Refer to the DMM User’s Guide for a full description of the DMM.
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The Prepaid Gateway (tpprepaidg) provides an interface between the Telepath SMSC and an
External Billing System (EBS). When the prepaid process is enabled, each SM is examined by
Telepath SMSC to determine if it is prepaid. Only prepaid SMs are sent to tpprepaidg.
tpprepaidg through its interaction with the EBS provides prepaid validation. Depending on the
response from the EBS, tpprepaidg updates the database with the intermediate state and status
of the prepaid SM. These provide information about the prepaid SM which is essential in
determining subsequent actions. These states and their status are described in section 2.8 on
page 2-12. When a prepaid SM reaches a state of For Delivery, tpprepaidg informs tpkernel
to deliver the message.
The Telepath SMSC external environment consists of Short Message Entities, application
services, and interfaces. The following subsections summarise the components of the external
environment.
A Short Message Entity (SME) is any source (originator) or sink (recipient) of short messages.
The entity is either inside or outside the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), for example, a
mobile handset. When short messages are received by an SME inside the PLMN, the messages
are considered to be Mobile Terminated (MT). When short messages are originated by an SME
which is inside the PLMN, the messages are termed Mobile Originated (MO).
Since a common use of the Telepath SMSC is to relay short messages from one SME within the
PLMN to another SME within the PLMN, the same message can be considered both Mobile
Originated, as well as Mobile Terminated.
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MS
E-Mail
Telepath SMSC
VMS MS
Paging Bureau
MS Mobile Station
Note: An External SME (ESME) is a non-mobile entity. This interaction with the Telepath
SMSC is not defined within the standards. An ESME is specific to an individual
operator’s network and the particular application services in use. However, the generic
architecture of the Telepath SMSC allows for support of ESMEs.
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2. Message Management
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Telepath SMSC provides two modes of Short Messaging, Standard and Express. Each mode is
explained below.
Classic Messaging: this type of messaging provides reliable message delivery, retry and
storage. The message is stored in the RDBMS. For more information see “Classic
Messaging” on page 2-3.
Premium Messaging: this type of messaging provides high speed message throughput
where messages are securely stored in UNIX flat files. For more information see
“Premium Messaging” on page 2-4.
Express Messaging: this type of messaging provides the highest speed throughput for
messages of up to 1500 bytes in size (GSM and ANSI-41 networks). When the Transmitter
Interface receives the message, validation is performed, it is forwarded onto tpkernel and an
immediate delivery attempt is made. The message does not get stored in the disk database or in
the datafiles, but it is temporarily stored in the shared memory database. The Express messages
are given highest priority on the Telepath SMSC, in other words they are always inserted at the
head of the message queue.
On Telepath SMSC you can configure your system with a combination of Express messaging
with either Classic or Premium. For more information on setting the messaging mode, refer to
Chapter 3 of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
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This type of messaging is based on Store-and-Forward where all SMs are stored in the RDBMS.
This provides a secure location for the SMs. Classic messaging is optional on your Telepath
SMSC.
When a Transmitter Interface (Tx) receives a Classic Short Message, it stores the message in
the short_msg table in the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), then it notifies
tpkernel of the new message. tpkernel updates the shared memory database and then routes
the message out to the appropriate Receiver Interface (Rx).
When a Classic Short Message is submitted to the Telepath SMSC, the action tpkernel takes
to ensure delivery depends on the current state of the destination SME.
Normally, the SME switches between the Available and the Busy states. The state of an SME
can be queried via the Sme.Query command in TPSMT.
Figure 2-1 illustrates how a Classic message is routed through Telepath SMSC.
forwards details
2 to tpkernel
tpkernel
updates database
routes message out to Rx
3
4
Shared Memory
Database
Rx
1. The Transmitter Interface (Tx) receives a short message and stores it in the short_msg
table in the RDBMS.
2. It then forwards the message onto tpkernel.
3. tpkernel updates the shared memory database.
4. A delivery attempt is then made.
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For a Classic Message tpkernel maintains an internal table, which contains a list of all SMEs
which currently have messages pending in the database. This table is the primary source of
delivery management information. It is the main structure used by tpkernel for storing
messages queued for each SME, and also for tracking SME states before attempting to deliver
a message.
This type of messaging is based on Store-and-Forward but the messages are stored in datafiles
instead of in the Oracle RDBMS. Premium messaging is optional on your Telepath SMSC and
can be used instead of Classic messaging. It provides a higher throughput than Classic
messaging.
When an SM arrives at the Telepath SMSC, it is stored in a datafile. The datafiles are created
at installation and are named collectively as the Fast Message Store (FMS). Premium
messaging allows for the same functionality as Classic messaging, such as message retry and
message billing. However, because the messages are not stored in the Oracle RDBMS, message
processing may be faster.
Figure 2-2 illustrates what happens when a Premium message is forwarded to Telepath SMSC.
stores message
FMS
Tx 1
forwards details
2 to tpkernel
tpkernel
updates database
routes message to Rx
3
4
Shared Memory
Database
Rx
1. The transmitter Interface receives a short message and stores it in the FMS.
2. It then forwards the message onto tpkernel.
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It is only possible to reliably query messages that are still in a For Delivery state, as other
messages may have been overwritten in the FMS once they reach a Done state.
Premium messaging supports the operations possible through SMPP, for example:
• submit-and-deliver
• submit-with-replace
• query
• delete
• replace (based on Message ID)
• Receipt generation
• query and delete (based on originating address and operator message reference)
For more information on the SMPP operations, refer to the SMPP Interface Configuration
Guide.
1. You can also view a message through the DAP Interface. For more information, refer to the
DAP User’s Guide.
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Customer Care for Premium messaging enables customers to view premium messages that have
been delivered. It also provides a long-term store for Done messages.
Using the DAP interface you can view messages from both the premium message store and the
message archive. Both active and completed messages are available temporarily to the
customer care representative.
Customer Care for Premium messaging is enabled through the use of a customer care server.
The customer care server is activated by the configurable parameter
smsc_premium_store_enabled_swt. Refer to the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide for more
information on this feature.
Note: A single CCP Server can collect information from multiple Telepath SMSCs or from a
single Telepath SMSC. Also, multiple CCP servers can be used with multiple Telepath
SMSCs or a single Telepath SMSC.
To use the Customer Care for Premium messaging functionality, ensure you have the
appropriate license. To obtain this license, please contact your account manager.
1. Some headings will feature an asterisk (*). This indicates that new feature(s) have been
added, enhancing the functionality of the Telepath SMSC 2700. For more information, or to
have this feature added to your current system, please contact your local LogicaCMG
representative.
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Figure 2-3 illustrates how an Express message is routed through Telepath SMSC.
Tx
forwards message
1
tpkernel
Each message is stored in shared memory. Express messages are given highest priority in the
queue. In other words, they take precedence over Standard messages. This ensures that Express
messages are always inserted at the head of the queue.
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Figure 2-4 illustrates how Express messages are queued in the shared memory database.
To avoid the queue growing too large and Standard messages expiring, a limit is imposed on
the number of express messages you can store in the queue. Before tpkernel creates an entry
in shared memory, it finds out if the message is destined for an ESME or a mobile station. It
retrieves this information from the bind data that is passed from the Transmitter Interface. Once
it has determined where the message is destined for, queue sizing takes place.
1. ESME Queue
The configurable parameter smsc_max_ESME_express_sm_q_len is set to 100 messages
by default.
Note: Exceeding the limit on queue size results in Express messages being rejected and a
response being sent back (if requested) to the originating address.
Express messages are assigned a short-term retry. A default retry profile is assigned to Express
messages. For more information on retry profiles, see the TPSMT User’s Guide. According to
the Express Message retry schemes, all Express messages are retried based on one level of the
retry scheme. If the retry is unsuccessful and the message cannot be delivered the message is
rejected. When this happens all remaining Express messages in the queue of pending messages
for that particular SME are deleted as it is expected that delivery of subsequent messages to that
SME will not succeed either.
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A transmitter ESME can request to be notified when an MS becomes active. The Telepath
SMSC receives an Alert from the network when an MS becomes available to receive SMs. It
can then notify the ESME of this and in turn trigger a delivery attempt.
1 Tx 2
ESME1 tpkernel
“DPF=Y”
SME A
DPF=Y
SM1 SM2
Alert Required
Express Express
1. The ESME submits a short message for SME A. As part of the message details, the
Delivery Pending Flag (DPF) is set to “Y”.
2. The Tx forwards the short message onto tpkernel.
3. tpkernel updates the shared memory database.
Note: Even if the DPF flag is only set on one short message and the rest of the messages for
that SME are not, the overall state of the SME is set as Alert-Required.
When tpkernel receives the Alert Notification from the Mobile Network Interface indicating
the availability of the SME, a message is sent to the ESMEs that requested them, and the DPF
is no longer set for that ESME.
For information on how to clear the DPF, refer to Chapter 3 of the Telepath SMSC
Configuration Guide.
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Real Time Billing allows subscriber’s accounts to be updated in real time by allowing TLV
billing data generated for Done messages to be spooled in real time to a separate Billing
Management System (BMS) application.
Note: It is the customer’s responsibility to have an application running on the BMS which
will receive the TLV data, parse it and process it as required.
TLV data is sent to the BMS by a process called rtspooler which is spawned from tpspooler.
This allows data to be sent to the BMS without affecting the tpspooler performance.
Figure 2-7 below illustrates the Real Time Billing feature and its interaction with the Telepath
server.
Telepath SMSC
1
tpkernel
3 TLV files in
CDR directory
tpspooler
5a
5 Billing
rtspooler Management
System
5c
5b
TLV files in
bms_unsent_tlv
directory
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3. tpspooler writes TLV data to the file specified by the configurable parameter cdr_dir.
4. tpspooler sends the TLV data via an IPM connection to rtspooler.
5. rtspooler sends the TLV data to the external BMS via a TCP connection.
Error Cases
5a. If the TCP connection to the BMS is congested rtspooler stores the TLV records
in a temporary queue. When the congestion has cleared the TLV data is sent to the
BMS. Up to 2,500 TLV records can be stored in a temporary queue until the
connection is restored.
5b. If the connection with the BMS is not restored and the temporary queue is full
(2,500 TLV records are stored), the TLV data in the temporary queue is written to
file. The directory where the file is stored is specified by the configurable
parameter spooler_bms_tlv_dir (default value is bms_unsent_tlv).The temporary
queue is used until the congestion in the socket clears. TLV data written to file
must be transferred to the BMS by the customer via FTP.
5c. If the connection with the BMS breaks, the event CDR_BMS_CONN_FAIL is
raised, and rtspooler writes the TLV data directly to file. The directory where this
file is stored is specified by the configurable parameter spooler_bms_tlv_dir. TLV
data written to this file must be transferred to the BMS by the customer via FTP.
The number of seconds that rtspooler must wait between reconnection attempts to
the BMS can be configured by the configurable parameter bms_reconnect_intvl.
Refer to the Telepath SMSC Release 2700+ Configuration Guide for more
information on events, error codes and configurable parameters.
6. The BMS receives the TLV data. The application running on the BMS must parse and
process the TLV data. It is the customer’s responsibility to have this application running
on the BMS.
The hostname and port number of the BMS are supplied to the spooler in the configurable
parameters spooler_bms_host and spooler_bms_service.
For more information on the configurable parameters mentioned above please refer to the
Telepath SMSC Release 2700+ Configuration Guide.
To start the Real Time Billing feature follow the steps below:
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tpspooler signals rtspooler to shutdown. If rtspooler has not shutdown within 1.5 seconds
tpspooler sends it a kill signal. When rtspooler recieves a kill signal it finishes processing any
data it is working on, moves any tlv records in it’s send queue to file, closes all files and socket
connections and exits.
To stop the Real Time Billing feature follow the steps below:
It is not possible to turn Real Time Billing on and off on when Telepath SMSC is running. If
rtspooler fails tpspooler raises a CDR_BMS_CONN_FAIL event and will do a graceful
shutdown. If tpmonitor is running it will restart tpspooler which in turn will restart rtspooler.
Standard messages can be of type Normal, Priority, or Scheduled. These message types are
assigned by the message originator when a short message is being submitted, and they
determine the order in which messages are forwarded by tpkernel to be delivered to their
destination:
Note: Express messages are delivered ahead of all of the above. For more information see
section 2.5.1 on page 2-7.
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Every short message has a state associated with it. In order to track the progress of an SM,
tpkernel associates a state information element with each SM which it receives. There are three
message states, as follows:
For Delivery Once a message has been inserted in the database by the
Transmitter Interface, it is in a For Delivery state. A delivery
attempt is then made.
Scheduled When message delivery is scheduled by the customer to be sent at
a future date and time, the message is set to a Scheduled state.
Done If, for example, a message is delivered successfully, it has reached
the final state, Done. There are a variety of reasons why a message
may be assigned a state of Done. These are described below.
The Done state can be further subdivided into one or more substates, referred to as the message
status. The following is a list of possible message status:
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Message Lengths may vary on the Telepath SMSC. For example, WAP SMs may be up to 1500
bytes in length, whereas Standard SMs can be up to 225 bytes in length, depending on your
network technology. The maximum message length of a Standard SM (Premium or Classic) is
configurable and can be set at any value between 0 and 255 bytes. The maximum message
length for an Express SM is set to 1500 bytes and is not configurable. The maximum length for
Predefined SMs is 160 bytes.
For more information on Message Lengths, refer to Chapter 3 of the Telepath SMSC
Configuration Guide.
The message response is similar to a message receipt, except that it is application oriented and
not user oriented. For an ESME to request a Response you must set the response-request
Indicator on. For information on the contents of a Message Response refer to the SMPP
Protocol Specification v3.3/3.4.
A predefined message is a re-usable text string that is stored in the Telepath SMSC under a
unique identification number. They are used primarily for Voice Mail systems. A predefined
message is created on the Telepath SMSC using the Messages.Predefined.Add menu in
TPSMT. For more information, refer to the SMPP Interface Configuration Guide.
Under normal circumstances, a message originator receives no indication that the message has
been delivered to its destination. For some messages, the sender might like to be notified when
the message sent has reached a final state. In order to receive a receipt, a message must be
registered.
A receipt can be requested for messages submitted from TPSMT by setting a value in the
Registered field in the Send a Message command form. This forces tpkernel to send a receipt,
in a new SM to the message originator.
Refer to the TPSMT User’s Guide for detailed information on values for the Registered field.
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Mobile originated messages can also be registered. MO short messages for multi-recipients or
Distribution Lists cannot be marked as registered. Only some phones give a subscriber the
option to register MO messages. Telepath SMSC however provides functionality whereby it
can register MO messages whose text starts with a specific three character code. This feature
can be used by subscribers, whose phones do not allow them register MO messages. For more
information on MO registered messages, see Chapter 1 of the Mobile Network Interface
Configuration Guide.
After each delivery attempt, tpkernel receives an acknowledgement to say whether a message
was delivered successfully. On receipt of this acknowledgement, certain fields of the message
in the disk database or FMS must be updated, for example, the message state and status. This
operation is carried out by Message Completer processes (tpcompleter).
The Message Completers need to know which messages are to be updated. This is done via
shared memory. Figure 2-7 illustrates the operation of the Message Completers.
RDBMS/
tpkernel FMS
1 inserts operation
into queue
tpcompleter
3
tpcompleter update
Shared Memory 2 messages
Database
tpcompleter
read the queues
tpcompleter
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1. tpkernel writes the required details of the message to a shared memory database for the
Message Completers to read.
2. On system startup, four Message Completers are created. They connect to the shared
memory database which holds four queues (one queue per Message Completer). Each
queue can hold sixteen messages that are awaiting processing.
Note: If you have a Premium message configuration, only one tpcompleter is required.
3. The Message Completers connect to the RDBMS or FMS in order to update the message.
Contact LogicaCMG Technical Support if further details are required.
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• Routing Management
• Address Translation
• *Prepaid Validation
• Retry Mechanism
• Global Title Addressing
• Home-Location Timezone
• MCE Notification
• MSC Address Storage
• Message Delivery to Dual Mode Phones
• Multi-Recipient Messages
• Delivery Mechanism Controls
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When an SM is routed to the Telepath SMSC, a certain amount of validation occurs on the
source and destination addresses. The validation criteria that are supported by Telepath SMSC
are outlined below.
When an SM is sent from an SME, the source address is validated to prevent unauthorised use
of the short messaging service. The SM contains the TON, NPI and MSISDN/MSID of the
originator. This source address is compared with certain attributes of the Transmitter interface,
these are, the Type of Number (TON), Numbering Plan Indicator (NPI) and the Validation
Expression (VE). The Originator Validation field of the Interface record lets you specify a
Validation Expression and can be used to specify a range of MSISDNs/MSIDs that the process
will accept.
If you do not want the source address to be validated, then insert “trusted” (lower-case) into the
Originator Validation field of the Transmitter interface process using the
Control.Apps.Modify menu option in TPSMT. For more information, see the TPSMT User’s
Guide.
Note: Address Translation or Customer Validation will have an affect on Source Address
Validation.
TON=1
NPI =1 Rx
VE=1234 OR 1235
1 2
Tx tpkernel
Rx
SM
Rx
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1. A SM is routed to the Telepath SMSC from the source address 1.1.123456 where the
address has a TON of 1, an NPI of 1 and a MSISDN/MSID prefix of 123456. The
Transmitter is configured with a TON = 1, an NPI = 1, and a VE= 1234* OR 1235* (which
means the process will accept all SMs originating from any numbers beginning with 1234
or 1235). It performs source address validation on the originating address and because the
TON, NPI and VE criteria are met, the SM is accepted.
2. The Transmitter forwards the SM onto tpkernel for subsequent delivery.
When an SM is routed to the Telepath SMSC the destination address is checked to ensure it is
valid. This validation takes place at the Transmitter Interface. This ensures that an invalid SM
does not get stored on the system and is therefore not using system resources. The Transmitter
Interface looks at the destination address and checks if there is an appropriate Receiver
Interface to route the SM to its destination. To find the appropriate Receiver Interface, it checks
a Message Routing file. This file is described in section 3.1.2.1.
Destination
Address Rx
Validation
1 2 3
Tx tpkernel
SM Rx
Rx
Message routing is the selection of the appropriate Receiver Interface for an SM. Telepath
SMSC provides functionality for multiple Receiver Interfaces enabling the loadsharing of
message delivery. Message routing is determined based on the following attributes:
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For more detailed information on the Message Routing file, refer to Chapter 4 of the Telepath
SMSC Configuration Guide.
Figure 3-3 illustrates how the Transmitter Interface selects the appropriate Receiver Interface.
MNIF1_R
1 3
Tx tpkernel
SM SMPP_R
Message MNIF2_R
Routing
File
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Address Translation provides the facility to translate SME source and destination addresses
from one format to another. This is done using Address Translation files. You can use the
system-wide default file, or you can create a new file for each interface. Each Address
Translation files maximum entry number is limited by system resources.
If you activate Address Translation on your Telepath SMSC, it is important to note that
translation is performed before any customer validation. Therefore validation is performed on
the post-translated address.
There are various ways to use the Address Translation feature, these are outlined below:
3. * Black/White Listing
Address Translation also provides the facility to Black and White list a post-translated
number or a range of numbers. White Listing allows you to send messages to or from a
specified address. Black Listing disallow’s sending or receiving messages from a specified
address. It can be performed on both source and destination addresses.
5. Address Extensions
If you have a large amount of messages going to the same destination and you want to
avoid long message queues on the system, this feature can be used. You translate the
address by adding extra digits to the end of it. This way you have a number of queues for
the same destination. The extra digits are stripped off the address by the ESME application.
Note: If the address length is validated (refer to section 4.2.2 on page 4-4), it is not advised
to use this feature as well.
Note: Address extensions are never used by the Mobile Network Interface.
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This feature lets you define specific criteria before Address Translation can take place. By
adding a Terminal Character ($) to the destination address entry, you are specifying that
an exact address match must be met before translation can take place. For example, if you
use a short-code, 061 for Customer Care, this number can be translated to the full
Customer Care address at the Telepath SMSC.
7. Wildcard Matching:
It is possible to enter wildcards in the Address Translation file. These wildcards indicate
that you don’t care what value is entered.
For more detailed information on Address Translation, refer to Chapter 4 of the Telepath SMSC
Configuration Guide.
Prepaid Validation provides the facility to determine if a Short Message (SM) is prepaid and to
check that the sender or the intended reciever has sufficient credit to send or receive the SM.
The Tx determines that the message is prepaid. tpprepaidg interacts with an EBS to determine
the credit status of the customer.
For details on all the configurable parameters mentioned in the following sections, refer to
Appendix B of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
Figure 3-4 illustrates the processing of a prepaid SM through Telepath SMSC when delivery is
successful.
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(short_msg table)
1) Regular Message
Validation
2) Message recognised Message Stored in DB with RDBMS
as a pre-paid SM. State of PP_Submission_TDP
Prepaid Profile is
created 3
7
SMs 4 5
Tx
tpprepaidg 6 EBS
tpkernel
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Figure 3-5 illustrates how a prepaid SM is treated when there is insufficient credit available to
complete its delivery.
(short_msg table)
Message Stored in DB with
State of PP_Submission_TDP
RDBMS
3
7
1-4 as in Figure 3-4 5
tpprepaidg EBS
9 6
Negative Response
8 Indicating No Credit
tpkernel
t States Database
10
Shared Memory
Database
5) tpprepaidg queries the EBS for the credit status of the subscriber submitting the SM.
6) The EBS returns a negative response indicating that there is in sufficient credit to send the
SM.
7) tpprepaidg updates the state of the SM in the database to For Delivery with a status of
PP_NoCredit.
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9) tpkernel checks the database to discover that the SM has a status of PP_NoCredit. tpkernel
then updates the state of the SM to Done and the status of the SM to Expired.
There are three possible actions when an error occurs in validation. This error could arise from
a breakdown in communication between the PPG and the EBS. These different actions are
decided by the value you set on the smsc_pp_down_policy_ind. This parameter may be set to
1, 2 or 3. When the smsc_pp_down_policy_ind is set to:
(short_msg table)
RDBMS
3
7
1-4 As in Figure 3-4 5
tpprepaidg EBS
8 6
Negative Response
or No Response
5) tpprepaidg queries the EBS for the credit status of the subscriber submitting the SM.
6) The EBS returns a negative response (except no credit) or no response. This raises a
PPG_QUERY_FAILED event when a query fails at the submission time. A
PPG_NO_NOTIFICATION_RESP is raised when there is no response to the notification
request after SM delivery. Both events are raised when the time configured by
smsc_pp_retry_interval_num multiplied by smsc_pp_max_EBS_requests_num seconds
expires. No further communication with the EBS is attempted for this SM query. The SM is
treated according to the value of the smsc_pp_down_policy_ind after a negative response. No
further action is taken when a PPG_NO_NOTIFICATION_RESP event is raised and the trigger
point is set for charging on successful delivery.
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8) The SM is not forwarded to tpkernel. If you have enabled the pp_unavail_warn_swt, the
PPG sends an SM to the billable parties indicating that an error has occured.
(short_msg table)
RDBMS
3
7
1-4 As in Figure 3-4 5
tpprepaidg EBS
6
Negative Response
8 or No Response
tpkernel
Shared Memory Rx
Database
5) tpprepaidg queries the EBS for the credit status of the subscriber submitting the SM.
6) The EBS returns a negative response (except no credit) or no response. This negative
response raises a PPG_QUERY_FAILED event when a query fails at the submission time. A
PPG_NO_NOTIFICATION_RESP is raised when there is no response to the notification
request after SM delivery. Both events are raised when the time configured by
smsc_pp_retry_interval_num multiplied by smsc_pp_max_EBS_requests_num seconds
expires. No further communication with the EBS is attempted for this SM query. The SM is
treated according to the value of the smsc_pp_down_policy_ind after a negative response. No
further action is taken when a PPG_NO_NOTIFICATION_RESP event is raised and the trigger
point is set for charging on successful delivery.
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10) The SM is routed to the Rx for transmission to its destination. Upon successful delivery,
tpkernel updates the database to state and status of Done and Delivered. tpprepaidg updates
this message to PPG_COMPLETION_TDP. This message is charged when tpprepaidg does a
full recovery on the database.
(short_msg table)
RDBMS
7
1-4 As in Figure 3-4 5
tpprepaidg EBS
11
9 6
8 Negative Response
or No Response
tpkernel
Updates Database
10
Shared Memory
Database
5) tpprepaidg queries the EBS for the credit status of the subscriber submitting the SM.
6) The EBS returns a negative response (not indicating no credit) or no response. This negative
response raises a PPG_QUERY_FAILED event when a query fails at the submission time. A
PPG_NO_NOTIFICATION_RESP is raised when there is no response to the notification
request after SM delivery. Both events are raised when the time configured by
smsc_pp_retry_interval_num multiplied by smsc_pp_max_EBS_requests_num seconds
expires. No further communication with the EBS is attempted for this SM query. The SM is
treated according to the value of the smsc_pp_down_policy_ind after a negative response. No
further action is taken when a PPG_NO_NOTIFICATION_RESP event is raised and the trigger
point is set for charging on successful delivery.
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9) tpkernel checks the database to discover that the SM has a status of PP_Unavail. tpkernel
then updates the state of the SM to Done and the status of the SM to Expired.
11) At this point if you have enabled the pp_unavail_warn_swt the PPG sends an SM to the
billable parties indicating that an error has occured.
When the receiving entity is unavailable/unable to receive the SM, you can configure Telepath
SMSC to generate a notification indicating to the EBS that the subscriber has been overcharged
for an unsuccessful delivery. This is done if the following three criteria are met:
• SM is recognised as prepaid
• The per-interface parameter -pp_triggers_enabled_ind is set to 1 or 3, indicating that the
client was charged on submission , but the SM was not delivered
• The SM could not be delivered due to error, i.e. the status is one of Deleted, Expired,
Undeliverable, Invalid or Rejected
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(short_msg table)
RDBMS
4
tpprepaidg EBS
2
4 cont.
Response
3 or No Response
tpkernel
Routes Message
to Rx
1
Rx SME
1) SM routed out to SME which is either unavailable or unable to accept the SM.
4) tpprepaidg sends the EBS a notification. If no response returns to the PPG before the time
configured by smsc_pp_retry_interval_num multiplied by smsc_pp_max_EBS_requests_num
expires, a PPG_NO_NOTIFICATION_RESP event is raised.
Note: Until this notification is successful the subscriber has been overcharged.
Prepaid SMs that are sheduled for delivery at some future date are treated as normal until the
message state changes from Scheduled to For Delivery. At this point the message is treated as
a prepaid SM.
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Telepath SMSC offers a flexible retry mechanism that manages the retrying of SMs. This is
useful if you attempt to deliver an SM to a handset that is deactivated or out of coverage. There
are a number of configurable options on the system that give you full control over the retry
mechanism and enable you to set up the optimum retry strategy.
Upon attempted delivery, tpkernel receives a General Acknowledgement (GACK) from the
Receiver Interface. This GACK specifies a result code for the delivery, a zero value indicates
successful delivery and a non-zero value indicates some error condition. How exactly the result
code is interpreted is specified by the retry profile and retry scheme definitions, but the resultant
behaviour can largely be categorised as one of two types:
• Permanent Error Conditions: where the SME error is considered non-recoverable. This
usually results in all the messages for that SME being marked Done.Undeliverable.
• Temporary Error conditions: where the SME error is considered transient. This usually
results in a retry scheme being adopted that will perform repeated periodic delivery
attempts (or retries) until the SME becomes available or until the scheme is exhausted.
Note: A third behaviour is provided for cases where only the current message is considered
undeliverable but other queued messages may be acceptable. In this case the retry
scheme can specify that only the ‘top’ message in the queue should be marked
Done.Rejected. The retry behaviour for Express messages differs, for more information
refer to section 2.5.2 on page 2-8.
Figure 3-10 illustrates an acknowledgement being sent back from the Recevier interface.
routes message
Rx
Message retries are handled using retry profiles. When a message fails to be delivered, an error
code is returned to indicate what went wrong and a retry profile maps this error code to a retry
scheme as shown in Figure 3-11 on page 3-15.
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For more information on each field refer to the TPSMT User’s Guide.
Based on the error code that is returned to tpkernel, retry is initiated for the SME. tpkernel
retrieves the retry profile from the shared memory database and maps the error code to a retry
scheme.
A retry scheme specifies up to eight retry levels. A sample retry scheme could be to retry the
message ten times at five minute intervals, then retry it twenty times at half-hour intervals, and
so on. If the last level of the scheme is reached without a successful delivery, then all messages
are set to Done Undeliverable. A scheme can also be defined to reject a single message using
the Reject option on the Action field of the Sme.Scheme.Add/Modify menu options in TPSMT.
When this action is taken it moves the top message for an SME to Done Rejected. Figure 3-12
on page 3-16 illustrates a sample retry scheme.
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A number of retry profiles may exist in the system, with different profiles using different
schemes to handle the same error. A profile is identified by its ID, which is a unique number
assigned to a profile. If the Interface returns an error code to tpkernel which the retry profiles
do not manage, that is, there is no retry scheme assigned to the error code, then retry scheme 0
is used (Default retry scheme).
SMEs may have messages queued from several sources which may have different retry profiles.
Profiles are prioritised by ID, that is, Retry Profile 02 takes priority over Retry Profile 01 and
Retry Profile 01 has priority over Retry Profile 00, etc. The highest profile ID in the messages
queued for an SME is the one used to retry that SME.
The profile mechanism allows a fine degree of control over message delivery retries but care
must be taken as the performance of the system may be affected by how the retry profiles are
assigned and defined. The more frequently an attempt is made to deliver a previously
undelivered message, the more aware the customer is of the service. However, the less often an
attempt is made, then the less the load on the Telepath SMSC. This is an important
consideration for the running of the system, especially at peak times. Therefore a compromise
must be met between customer satisfaction and system efficiency.
A number of different Retry Profiles are provided. Each message is assigned one of these retry
profiles.
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• Retry schemes for local errors (i.e. no receiver, receiver socket full and maximum number
of expired messages in SME table)
Note: Previously, local errors had a single retry value. In this mechanism with a retry scheme
assigned to a local error, if that error persists, different retry intervals may be assigned.
For example, if the no receiver error persists for more than one day then all messages
against that SME with a message status of Undeliverable, can be assigned a delivery
status of Done.
A retry scheme associated with the occurrence of a specific error has the following properties:
Retry profiles and schemes are configured in the Sme.Profile and Sme.Scheme menu options
in TPSMT. For more information on configuring the profiles and schemes, refer to the TPSMT
User’s Guide.
In a retry profile, a scheme is associated with one or more errors. Different errors may require
different retry handling. To this end, a set of default schemes are defined. tpkernel initialises
the default retry schemes and profile at system startup. The Scheme ID is the number assigned
to the scheme, for example, retry_scheme_00 or retry_scheme_01.
The other retry schemes are mapped to the network errors supported by the Mobile Network
Interface. For more information on MN_IF errors, refer to the appropriate Mobile Network
Interface Configuration Guide.
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If, when the Mobile Network Interface queries the HLR for the location of an SME, the HLR
indicates that Message Waiting Data (MWD) is set, an SC-Alert (GSM) or SMSNOT (ANSI-
41) is generated when the SME becomes available. Therefore no delivery attempt should be
made. If, however, the message to be delivered is a Priority message, then a delivery attempt
will be made regardless of the setting of MWD.
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Routing messages from the Telepath SMSC to a destination address involves either point codes
(in which case the Maps and Links tables need to be configured in TPSMT) or Global Titles.
A Global Title is an address, for example the MSISDN/MSID which is keyed in by the user
when submitting an SM. This number does not contain the specific information needed to route
a message, and therefore it needs to be translated into the correct format. This process is known
as Global Title Translation.
Translating the Global Title involves deriving the Destination Point Code (DPC) and Sub-
System Number (SSN), which are then used to route the message over the SS7 network to its
destination. This translation takes place at the Signalling Transfer Point (STP). The advantage
is that a user can submit a message without knowing the explicit network address.
In large countries, a telephone network can span multiple time zones. Therefore, Telepath
SMSC can be located in a different time zone to some of the MSCs and HLRs. To cater for this
situation, the MN-IF can be configured to time stamp messages so that they have the same time
as either the visited MSC or the HLR of the mobile subscriber. In this way the time stamps in
the message are relevant to the message-recipient rather than Telepath SMSC or message-
originator. For a full description on configuration of the time zone, see Chapter 1 of the Mobile
Network Interface Configuration Guide.
In GSM networks, a message is not accepted by a mobile station if there is no storage space
available on the SIM card. In this event, a Memory Capacity Exceeded (MCE) error is returned
to the Telepath SMSC from the network. The MCE Notification feature on the Telepath SMSC
can be used to send an indication to a designated ESME to alert the mobile subscriber that the
SIM card on the handset is full. For a full description on configuration of the MCE Notification,
see the Mobile Network Interface Configuration Guide and the SMPP Interface Configuration
Guide.
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When the Mobile Network Interface (MN-IF) makes a delivery attempt on a message, an
acknowledgement (GACK) is returned to tpkernel on the success or failure of the delivery
attempt. Each response may contain information on the MSC via which the delivery attempt
was made.
When the HLR sends an SMSNOT to the Telepath SMSC, MSC information may also be
included. Therefore, the MN-IF also returns this to tpkernel. In other words, if tpkernel
receives either an SMSNOT or a GACK, it stores the attached MSC data in shared memory. In
particular, it stores, the MSC address (PC-SSN and E164 format), the MSC address timestamp
and the Electronic Serial Number (ESN).
By storing this extra information in shared memory, tpkernel can forward the MSC address to
the MN-IF for alerted SMEs, which means that the MN-IF does not have to query the HLR for
routing information, if so configured.
tpkernel
GACK (MSC Information)
4
5 1
Rx
2 3
Shared Memory
Database
+
MSC Information MSC
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4. The Rx returns this GACK to tpkernel. The MSC information is included in the
acknowledgement.
5. tpkernel updates the shared memory database and adds the extra MSC information to the
entry for that particular SME.
6. The HLR may send an SMSNOT for the SME, indicating they are back in coverage.
7. The Mobile Network interface (Tx) forwards this to tpkernel.
8. The MSC information is stored in the shared memory database and is therefore accessible
to the Rx. The Rx can make an immediate delivery attempt for that SME.
Note: The Mobile Network interface process can still query the HLR for routing information.
It is an optional feature.
If the MN-IF does NOT supply MSC address information to tpkernel, then nothing is stored.
However, if the MN-IF does supply the MSC destination address, tpkernel timestamps it. This
ensures that when it is forwarded to the MN-IF (for example, after an SMSNOT), the MN-IF
can decide if it is the most up to date information.
For more information on how to configure this feature on your system or how to remove
messages from storage, refer to Chapter 4 of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
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This feature can be used to deliver short messages to mobile networks where the users have
Dual-Mode handsets over which SMS termination is possible. A dual-mode phone is one that
can be used in different network technologies, for example, a phone can operate in both a ANSI-
41 TDMA network and a DCS1800 network. Successful delivery of the message depends on
the area of coverage that the subscriber is in.
5
Tx tpkernel
Rx
3
4
2
Message Routing
Shared Memory
File
Database
1. When the message reaches the Telepath SMSC, the Transmitter Interface checks to see if
the message is destined for a Dual-Mode phone. This information is stored in the
Term_Type field of the Customer record. For more information, see Chapter 4 of the
Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
2. The Transmitter Interface checks the Message Routing file to find the appropriate
Receiver Interface to route the SM to. That is, it checks for the Primary Channel. For more
information on the Message Routing file, refer to Chapter 4 of the Telepath SMSC
Configuration Guide.
3. The message is then forwarded to tpkernel
4. tpkernel stores the message in the shared memory database.
5. tpkernel then forwards the message out to the appropriate Receiver Interface.
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If delivery of the message is unsuccessful due to incorrect access method being used (Primary
Channel), an immediate retry attempt is made on the alternative access method (Secondary
Channel). If the retry attempt using the Secondary Channel also fails, the message is marked
for retry according to the Network Error returned for the initial delivery attempt on the Primary
Channel. The retry attempt will be made using the Primary Channel.
Refer to Chapter 4 of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide for information on configuring
this feature.
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The Replace operation can be applied to individual messages, and the Cancel operation can be
applied to both individual messages and lists. To Query the status of the Multi-Recipient
delivery, the head message must be queried. The head message is in a Done state when all
messages submitted are in a Done state, otherwise the message is For Delivery. Individual
messages to a given destination, can also be queried.
The maximum number of recipients, to whom a message may be submitted, is supplied by the
Interface to the Telepath SMSC as part of the message details. The maximum number of
recipients is restricted by the per-interface configuration item -max_multi_recpt.
Trigger Detection Points occour when the Telepath SMSC interacts with the EBS through
tpprepaidg during the processing of a prepaid SM. There are two Trigger Detection Points
(TDPs) for prepaid messages. One is when the state of an SM is updated to
PP_Submission_TDP, and the second is when the prepaid SM state is updated to
PP_Completion_TDP. Chapter 3 has details of when the first trigger exists and Chapter 3 for
details of the latter trigger. Refer to the interface configuration item for details on the -
_pp_triggers_enabled_ind per-interface parameter that controls these triggers, in Appendix C
of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
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tpkernel’s actions are controlled by information or requests it receives from the Interfaces that
are bound to it, for example the SMPP Interface or the Mobile Network Interface. The
information or requests which affect the delivery mechanism are:
When a phone is turned on, it initiates an update procedure to the HLR. The HLR then sends an
SMS Alert Notification to the Telepath SMSC to register the MS. However, there is a delay after
the MS has registered with the network, that is, the HLR and Telepath SMSC, before it is
capable of accepting SMs. For more information on how the Telepath SMSC handles this delay,
refer to Chapter 4 of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
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4. Provisioning Customers
• Provisioning
• Customer Validation
• Distribution Lists
• Service Access Control
• User Groups
• Closed User Groups (CUGs)
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4.1 Provisioning
Provisioning on Telepath SMSC entails keeping different types of records in the Customer
database table. For example, System Administrators and Mobile Subscribers must be
provisioned for. It is possible to validate SMs sent or received to these subscribers by activating
customer validation.
For more information on provisioning System Administrators, see Chapter 2 of the Telepath
SMSC Configuration Guide.
For more information on provisioning subscribers, refer to “Customer Validation” on page 4-2.
When customer validation is switched on, the Telepath SMSC checks to see if the customer has
been provisioned. If you offer a range of value-added services with the Telepath SMSC,
customer validation is the method you can use to ensure only those customers that have
subscribed to the service can avail of it. You can provision all your customers on the Telepath
SMSC by adding customer records. These records are stored in the Customer table of the
database. You can view each record through the Provisioning.Customers.View menu option
in TPSMT. You can also provision customers through the use of the UserGroup functionality.
For more information on User Groups, refer to section 4.5 on page 4-5.
During the customer validation process, the system looks for details on both the source and
destination addresses, such as whether or not they can use the SM service. This information can
be taken from the customer record or from the UserGroup. The system can get information from
either of these sources in order to obtain an Effective Subscriber Record (ESR) to validate
against.
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Y Customer Y Validate
MSISDN Validation on? Record against
/MSID Exists? record
N N
Get UGID
from flat-file
(Default=0)
UG Administrator
record exists?
N Y
UG = 0 Use
it
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• As part of the User Group Mapping, an Administrator record for the particular User Group
is required. This record is a subscriber record that is used to represent the administrator for
each User Group supported in a particular Telepath SMSC deployment. The data in this
record is treated as default subscriber provisioning data for subscribers within the User
Group. For example, the Telepath subscriber record is the default administrator record for
User Group 0.
Where no provisioned administrator record is found then a hard-coded default record is
used.
• This information, either the individual subscriber record or the result of a User Group
Mapping, is then used to create an effective subscriber record that can be used for
validation purposes.
For more information on configuring customer validation on your system, refer to the Telepath
SMSC Configuration Guide.
If a message is sent to a phone that has extended devices, such as a fax, e-mail or a Webserver,
each device is identified by a different number. These different identifiers are known as
extended device addresses. For example, if a phone has an extended device for a fax, the phone
number is identified by the following address 9.0.1234567890 (TON.NPI.MSISDN). The fax,
which is called by appending digits to the phone number, is identified by the number
9.0.12345678903 as displayed in Figure 4-2.
9.0.12345678904
E-MAIL DEVICE
9.0.1234567890
For more information on extended devices, refer to Chapter 5 of the Telepath SMSC
Configuration Guide.
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A Distribution List (DL) can be used to submit the same message to a number of recipients. DLs
can be system-wide and available to all subscribers or User Group specific. User Group DLs
can be generated using the SMPP Provisioning process (Short Message Peer-to-Peer
Provisioning). SMPP Provisioning provides an interface for External Short Message Entities
(ESMEs) to provision individual subscribers and distribution lists in Telepath SMSC. For more
information on Provisioning DLs using SMPP Provisioing, refer to the SMPP Provisioning
Configuration Guide.
Note: To submit a message to a System DL, the destination TON must be set to Abbreviated
and the destination NPI must be set to Unknown.
Telepath SMSC supports a range of application services, which can be provided selectively to
individual users or groups of users, within the subscriber base. The actual services offered by a
particular Telepath SMSC deployment differ on an operator-by-operator basis. Telepath SMSC
supports the feature of “Service Access Control” to allow you to define the particular services
and to define the availability of these services to users of the Telepath SMSC.
Refer to Chapter 5 of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide for information on how to use
this feature.
The use of messaging resources can be controlled and monitored on a per-User Group basis.
The amount of messaging resources used by a User Group is defined by the System
Administrator. These are defined when you create a User Group record through TPSMT. For
more information, refer to the TPSMT User’s Guide. If a User Group exceeds its maximum
allocation of any resource it is throttled, which means the User Group is denied access to
message resources for a period of time. The task of resource management is to allocate
resources to a User Group and to throttle a User Group if it exceeds its resource allocation.
Messaging resources are required to provide the messaging functionality and are of two types:
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• message submission
• message replace
• message cancellation
• message status query
• message retry
• message delivery
• receipt generation
MOPs are a transient resource, in other words resource usage in one time period has no impact
on the amount of available resources in the next time period. Therefore unused MOPs cannot
be carried over from one time period to the next.
Storage capacity is the number of messages that can be held in the system whether they are
messages awaiting delivery or messages which have reached a Done state and are available for
query. The maximum number of messages that may be stored is defined for each User Group.
Storage is a permanent resource, that is, storage must be explicitly released by purging
messages from the database (Classic messaging only). Storage allocation is performed nightly,
following the message database purge. The storage used by each User Group is calculated and
the unused space is made available for the next time period.
4.5.2 Allocation
There are two allocations to be made to a User Group as mentioned above; MOP and Storage.
The allocations are defined by the System Administrator through the TPSMT interface. The
sum of the resource allocations should not exceed the total resource capacity of the Telepath
SMSC. The allocations are then assigned to each User Group for a defined time period. The
MOP time period is on a per hour basis, and the storage time period is on a daily basis. For more
information on allocating resources to a User Group, refer to the TPSMT User’s Guide.
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4.5.3 Throttling
If a User Group exceeds its allocation of either of its resources it is throttled, which lasts until
the allocation’s time period has elapsed (one hour for MOPs and one day for storage). All
messaging carried out is deducted from the MOP allocation of the source User Group of the
message. The MOP throttle takes precedence over the storage throttle, so if there is a MOP
throttle in place, then the User Group receives no service, even if there is spare capacity in the
storage allocation. However, if there is a storage throttle in place, the User Group will continue
to receive service until the MOP allocation is used up, although no new message submission is
possible, as there is no space available to store the message.
In the case of Premium messages, storage throttling is not relevant because Premium messages
are self-purged. For more information, refer to Chapter 4 of the Telepath SMSC Maintenance
Guide.
MOP allocations apply for a one hour period. At the end of this period tpkernel resets MOP
throttles which have been imposed on the User Groups, and each User Group is assigned an
allocation as specified in the User Group definition in TPSMT.
Storage allocations apply for a one day period. If a User Group has a storage throttle imposed,
it can only be removed if storage is freed up when the database is purged by tppurge.
• Each User Group defines the length of time Done messages for that User Group are
retained in the database. This is known as the ‘Purge Time’ of a message and it is
associated with the message at submission.
• When a message reaches a Done state the current date and time are added to the Purge
Time of the message to give the time after which the message can be removed from the
database.
• The storage allocation is re-calculated after the database purge and the number of
messages stored for each User Group is counted by tppurge.
• This count is subtracted from the maximum storage allocation of the User Group, giving
the storage allocation for the next day.
Note: The per-User Group control of purging does not apply to Premium messages.
When a resource usage threshold, which has been defined by the System Administrator, is
reached, an event is logged and the Status field on the User Group command form in TPSMT
is set to Throttled. The Status is reset when the resource usage is below the threshold value.
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Retry profiles can be assigned to a User Group and priority can be given to delivery of messages
from a User Group by giving the User Group an aggressive retry profile. The retry profile of
highest priority is selected from all the messages queued for an SME. The retries are charged
to the source User Group of the message whose retry profile is being used.
Note: The retry profile used affects the consumption of MOP units. This should be taken into
account when allocating User Group resources.
For more information on how to configure User Groups, refer to the Chapter 5 of the Telepath
SMSC Configuration Guide.
You can create a Closed User Group (CUG) to limit the service range of a group of customers.
A CUG is a subset of users who are limited to sending messages only to members within the
group, but receiving messages either from members of the group or outside. For example,
CUGs may include company departments such as accounting, administration and purchasing.
The Telepath SMSC is aware of the group boundaries and does not allow any message
deliveries out of the group if outside numbers are attempted.
CUG
You can add, modify and delete CUGs using TPSMT or TPPROCUS. Refer to the TPSMT
User’s Guide and the PROCUS User’s Guide for further information.
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5. Platform Management
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Telepath SMSC systems are licensed on a capacity basis. This means that a system is assigned
a licence to deliver a defined number of short messages during the busiest hour of the day. This
licence is known as the Capacity Licence, and is measured in terms of the Busiest Hour Short
Message Delivery Attempts (BHSMDA). BHSMDA is the cumulative number of Forward
Short Message (FSM) or Short Message Delivery Point-to-Point (SMDPP) transactions
between the Telepath SMSC and one or more MSCs.
Note: FSM refers to the Forward Short Message transaction from ETSI GSM 09.02 standard.
In ANSI-41D, FSM = SMDPP (Short Message Delivery Peer to Peer)
The Capacity Licence Monitor is a tool that provides Telepath SMSC system administrators
and Logica with information to help monitor system use in comparison to the Capacity Licence
for the system in question. It is based on a Capacity Licence Key which is loaded at system
startup. For a full description of how the Capacity Licence Monitor operates, see Chapter 1 of
the Telepath SMSC Maintenance Guide.
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The system administrator can choose the format of the point code on the Telepath SMSC. The
point code can be displayed in either network-cluster-member or decimal format depending on
the network. You specify the point code format by modifying the configurable parameter
smsc_point_code_mde. It can be set to any of the following values:
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The Type Of Number (TON) and Numbering Plan Indicator (NPI) definitions are
preconfigured appropriately for the specific deployment during installation. They are based on
the underlying PLMN type. The list of definitions can be viewed using the TPSMT
Control.Codes.List option as shown in the TPSMT User’s Guide.
Note: These definitions should not be modified without prior consultation with LogicaCMG
Technical Support.
Table 5-1 provides the numeric and abbreviated values of valid TONs and NPIs.
Abbreviated Abbreviated
Valid TONs Valid NPIs
Value Value
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System error codes for message delivery failures are dependent on the particular network-
interfaces deployed. The Network Error Codes relevant to a specific deployment are configured
appropriately during installation. The list of definitions can be viewed using the TPSMT
Control.Codes.List option as shown in the TPSMT User’s Guide.
Note: These definitions should not be modified without prior consultation with LogicaCMG
Technical Support.
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6. Billing Customers
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The Billing function is the core component used in the Telepath SMSC to generate records for
short messages. Billing information is generated based on real-time information. Call Detail
Records (CDRs) are generated as soon as a message reaches a final state.
It is possible to control CDR production on a per-Interface basis also. If you do not want to
charge a subscriber for SM submission over a particular interface then you can turn off the CDR
functionality. The benefit of this feature is that it lets you finely tune the Telepath SMSC. For
example, if you have subscribers that pay for specific services on a monthly basis then you may
not want to charge them on a per-message basis.
The billing process, tpspooler, is responsible for generating Call Detail Records (CDRs) in
Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format. Once they have been placed into a billing file they are
converted from TLV format to the format of your choice. For more information on Billing File
formats, see Appendix D of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
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- tags.xml file
t
tpkernel
definition of TLV record in TLV file 1
5
sends billable messages
2
tpspooler
tpspooler
Database
Database Updates cdrstat table
DIR_INPUT CDR_DIR
1. tpkernel forwards all billable messages to tpspooler. Call Detail Records are not
generated for non-billable messages, for example, test messages.
2. tpspooler updates the cdrstat table in the database. This table contains information on all
the billing files and can be viewed through TPSMT. For more information on TPSMT, see
the TPSMT User’s Guide.
3. tpspooler creates a CDR for each message and puts it into a billing file in the CDR_DIR,
by default this is set to /cdr. Each billing file is closed after a five minute interval or if the
cdr_max_records_size is exceeded.
4. From there the billing files are transferred to the DIR_INPUT directory. In order for this
to happen, you must set the configurable parameter cdr_transfer_cmd to the same value as
DIR_INPUT, which is set to /cdr/closed.
5. tpspooler reads the format of the TLV record for every messages in this file. Without
reading this file tpspooler cannot run correctly. The location of this file is defined by the
configurable parameter cdr_def_file_of_tlv.For further information on this configurable
parameter please refer to Appendix B of the Configuration Guide.
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DIR_INPUT
cdrp_config.cfg
3 4
DIR_OUTPUT DIR_BACKUP
1. tpcdrpostpp reads the configuration file cdrpp_config.cfg for information on what post
processing it must perform on each CDR. Information includes, the billing file format, the
header and trailer and the transfer location. For an example of the configuration file, refer
to the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
2. It then takes the CDRs from DIR_INPUT which are in TLV format and converts them to
the format specified in the configuration file.
3. tpcdrpostpp places the processed files in the location specified by DIR_OUTPUT.
4. Finally, tpcdrpostpp moves the original TLV-format file from DIR_INPUT to the
location specified by DIR_BACKUP.
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A billing file can have one of five predefined formats, or it can have a customised format. The
appropriate format is assigned at installation time by setting the FORMAT field in the
cdrpp_config.cfg file. This format is system dependent and does not need to be modified. The
possible values for the FORMAT field are format1, format2, format3, format4, format5, and
custom. Each of the formats are individually described in Appendix D of the Telepath SMSC
Configuration Guide.
If the value of the parameter FORMAT field equals custom, then you must list the tags you want
to include in your billing file. If tpcdrpostpp unsuccessfully retrieves the value of this
parameter then it sets the billing file format to the predefined format, format2.
See Appendix D of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide for a full list of custom fields.
The name of a billing file is determined by the date and time that it was opened. The format
used for the file naming is as follows:
<Month><Day>.<Time Zone><Hour><Minute><Second>.00
For example, if a billing file was opened on February 1st, at 4.30 pm., then the following name
is used for this file:
0102.BST163000.00
Real Time Billing allows TLV billing data generated for Done messages to be spooled to a
separate Billing Management System (BMS) application in real time. TLV data is sent to the
BMS by a process called rtspooler which is spawned from tpspooler. For more information on
Real Time Billing refer to section 2.6“*Real Time Billing” on page 2-10.
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Monitoring the System
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Monitoring the System Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
As part of system monitoring there are specific areas on the Telepath SMSC platform that are
monitored. This ensures redundancy in case of process failure and risk management for third-
party applications, such as the Unix operating system.
System monitoring can be divided into two areas: Telepath SMSC monitoring and Resource
monitoring. These areas are dealt with separately in Chapters 1 and 2 of the Telepath SMSC
Maintenance Guide.
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Monitoring the System
The Telepath SMSC has a process monitoring function aimed at ensuring that the system is
resilient to process failures. That is, it monitors the running Telepath SMSC processes, and
provides a recovery mechanism in the case of a process failure. A standalone process,
tpmonitor, periodically checks the state of the Telepath SMSC processes and, depending on
their classification, makes decisions on necessary recovery actions. The processes can be
classified as follows:
• Core processes
• Mobile Network Interfaces
• Interworking Interfaces
• User Interfaces
As part of monitoring Telepath SMSC, it is also necessary to gather information on messaging
performance. This can be done by examining the statistics in the Event log and the Statistics
log. The statistics that are generated can also be viewed through the Distributed Management
Metrics (DMM) module 1. This is a java-based GUI that lets you gather statistics on your
system and view them in graphical format. The module is designed to provide you with the data
needed for strategic business decisions based on customer usage of specific services. For more
information on the DMM, refer to the DMM User’s Guide.
Message Auditing is another feature on the system that provides you with the means to see in
more detail specific transactions. For example, if you want to find out information on message
submissions or on message deliveries, or if you require more in-depth information on how
messages are processed, you can select different levels of auditing.
For further information on monitoring Telepath SMSC, refer to Chapter 1 of the Telepath
SMSC Maintenance Guide.
1. The DMM is an add-on module, for more information contact your LogicaCMG Technical
Support Engineer.
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Monitoring the System Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
The Telepath SMSC uses proprietary software and hardware as described in Chapter 1, Context
of Telepath SMSC. The System Administrator must monitor the system every day to ensure it
is providing optimum performance. There are a number of utilities available to monitor system
activity and to monitor system resources.
The Resource Monitoring Tool, which is provided as part of the standard configuration, is
responsible for checking CPU usage, filesystems, SS7 and X.25. It records the state of each
resource based on defined thresholds and logs an event if a threshold is breached. Based on this
information, it is possible to configure your system to generate an Alarm when this occurs.
You can also manually check some of these resources using specific UNIX commands. For
example, to retrieve information on disk partitions, the bdf command is used, and the sar
command generates System Activity Reports.
The sar command (System Activity Report) is run every day to obtain statistical information
on the system, for example, processor and memory utilisation, buffer cache activity.
The bdf command is also run every day to monitor disk utilisation. It provides information on
the different partitions on disk. For each partition on the system, this command reports:
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Event and Alarm Management
• Events
• Event Types
• Event Filtering
• Event Actions
• Event Classes
• Event Logging Thresholds
• Event Log Files
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Event and Alarm Management Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
8.1 Events
Telepath SMSC is supported by a comprehensive set of alarms and events, which monitor not
only Telepath SMSC, but also the underlying hardware and software. The events provide
information on what is happening on the system, and alarms can be configured to occur when
something unusual happens on the system. Alarms and events can be written to a log file, they
can be sent to a port on your network management system, they can be written to a Management
Information Base (MIB) or to an e-mail address. You can define filters and acceptable
thresholds for each event and gather statistical information from the event logs.
Not all events may be relevant to your system, therefore it is possible to filter these events so
that they are ignored. Also, you may wish to assign a certain action to an event, for example, if
a specific event occurs you may want to run a maintenance script.
For further information on event filtering and how to configure it on your system, refer to
Chapter 7 of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide.
Telepath SMSC supports the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). SNMP is an
open standard protocol that defines a range of transactions that enable SNMP Manager
applications, such as HP OpenView, to control and monitor entities within your network,
including Telepath SMSC. SNMP is widely used to support fault, performance, and
configuration management.
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Event and Alarm Management
Each component on the Telepath SMSC system has event types associated with it, an error
event and an informational event. Every event follows a standard naming convention. Refer to
“Events and Statistics” in Appendix E of the Telepath SMSC Configuration Guide for a list of
these event types and the associated codes. The system component is identified by the prefix of
the event name, and the suffix is _ERROR, _INFO, or _TRAP identifying an error or an
informational event. However, in the case of the SMK component, it may also generate a
statistics generation request event, SMK_STAT, which uses a STAT suffix.
All of the event types are stored in the etype table in the database. Each event type stored has
the following attributes:
Event Name: This is the textual name of the event, for example,
MNAIM_ERROR or DB_INFO.
Event: This is a unique ID for each error/information/warning
events.
Class: This is a classification for the event, for example, it can
be informational, warning, error, or fatal. For more
information, refer to section 8.5 on page 8-6.
Lower Threshold: This field lets you define a threshold for the number of
times an event much occur within a given period before
any action is taken. For more information, refer to sec-
tion 8.6 on page 8-7.
Interval: Used in association with the Lower Threshold. Lets you
define the interval in seconds before any action is taken
on that event. For more information, refer to section 8.6
on page 8-7.
NM Class: This field indicates whether or not the event should be
logged to a Network Management System through a
previously defined communication link.
Action: This defines the action to be taken when an event
occurs. For more information, refer to section 8.4 on
page 8-5.
Description: This is the textual description of the event, for example,
“Database Error”.
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Event and Alarm Management Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
For each event type there is an associated set of error codes (see Appendix E of the Telepath
SMSC Configuration Guide for a complete list). It is the combination of event type and error
code that defines a unique Telepath SMSC event. You can filter events based on event type and
error code. Filtering events based on event type means assigning an action to the event type.
Filtering events based on the error code means that no processing is carried out on that
particular event. Filtering by error code is a way of reducing the number of events being logged
to the event log and also a way of reducing the number of alarms generated on your system.
For more detailed information on Event Filtering, refer to Chapter 7 of the Telepath SMSC
Configuration Guide.
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Event and Alarm Management
Every Event has a configurable Action field associated with it, to determine what the system
does when an Event has occurred. This field can be set using the Events.Types.Modify
command in TPSMT. There are three possible values for this field, as described below:
• Ignore
Events with Action set to Ignore are not logged.
• Log
Events with Action set to Log are logged to the two Event logs, elog_fle and
elog_printer_fle only. This is the most common action to take. For a sample event log,
refer to section 8.7 on page 8-8.
• LogToDb
Events with Action set to LogToDb are logged to the two Event logs, elog_fle and
elog_printer_fle, and in addition to the elog table in the database.
• Message
Events with Action set to Message are logged to the two Event logs, elog_fle and
elog_printer_fle, and in addition an e-mail is sent to the user defined in the configurable
parameter elog_mail_cmd to indicate that this Event has occurred. If this parameter does
not exist the message is mailed to the user telepath. It is assumed that the system
administrator is the user telepath.
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Event and Alarm Management Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
Events can be assigned one of four different classes. These classes are: Information, Warning,
Error, and Fatal. The user may wish to configure the classes for the Events, which can be done
using the Events.Types.Modify command in TPSMT. Table 8-1 provides a possible
description for each Event class. It is important to remember that these classes are for the user’s
use only, and do not affect the running of the system. You assign one of the classes to the event
type according to the severity you deem appropriate on your system.
Information These Events gather information about normal operation. They do not
require any action to be taken.
Warning Events in this class do not affect the operation of the system. They
happen regularly and it is left to the discretion of the operator whether
they require attention or not.
Error Events in this class do require attention. It means that something has
gone wrong which is affecting the performance or operation of
Telepath SMSC.
Fatal An Event which occurs with this class is fatal and results in the
Telepath SMSC no longer operating correctly. Contact Technical
Support.
Table 8-1: Event Classes
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Event and Alarm Management
Not every occurrence of an Event must be logged. Each Event in the Event Type table has an
interval and a lwr_threshold value associated with it. The interval can be set to a number of
seconds and the lower threshold can be set to the number of times a particular Event must occur
before it is logged.
For example, for Event type SMS_ERROR, if the interval field = 60 and the lwr_threshold =
4, this results in the following:
When an SMS_ERROR Event has occurred 4 or more times in 60 seconds the Event will
be logged, i.e., the first three times an SMS_ERROR Event occurs in a one minute period,
the occurrence is not logged. The counter counting the number of these Events is reset
every 60 seconds.
All Event types are initially set up with an interval of 0 and a lower threshold of 0 causing all
occurrences of an Event to be logged. Depending on system requirements, these values can be
modified using TPSMT.
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Log files keep a record of each event (if the Action is set to Log) as it occurs in the system. The
names of these files are determined by the elog_fle and elog_printer_fle parameters. Events are
written simultaneously to these two files, referred to as Event logs, therefore they are identical.
The system administrator monitors the events which occur and takes the relevant action for that
Event (which in some cases is no action at all). Event logs must be monitored daily to ensure
there are no serious problems occurring within the system.
Using the above example, the following indicates the actual format of an Event log record as it
appears in the Event log file:
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Amendments
Appendix A: Amendments
Telepath SMSC Release 2700 has been upgraded from Release 2650. The updated
documentation includes new features and functionality, plus corrected defects and general
enhancements. These are referenced in the following tables.
Location Description
Chapter 1: Context of New descriptions added for DAP, RAP and DMM.
Telepath SMSC
Chapter 2: Message Added in new section on Premium Messaging.
Management
Table A-2: Corrected Document Defects and Enhancements for UD3 and UD4
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Amendments Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
Chapter 2 The ftp process has changed in that in does not now DOCDOO19409
generate a .ccp file on the Telepath platform when a
TLV file has been successfully transferred, instead
it moves the file on the Telepath platform form the
directory specified by the ccp_cdr_dir cparam to the
directory specified by the cdr_dir cparam with /
closed tagged onto the end.
Table A-2: Corrected Document Defects and Enhancements for UD3 and UD4
Location Description
Section 2.7 Includes new states and status relating to prepaid messaging.
Location Description
Chapter 2 Moved the following sections from the Introduction Guide to the
Configuration Guide:
Message Billing
Setting Billing for Prepaid Messages
Prepaid Profiles
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Amendments
Section 1.3 Changed the number of days messages are stored for
in the Customer Care Server from 6 to 7.
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A-4 SMS-2700-INTRO-xxxx-UD10
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Glossary
Glossary
A
ACK Acknowledgement - a Report from an SME.
AIM Application Interface Module. These Modules provide application-
specific functionality to Telepath SMSC. In general, they implement an
interface between remote Short Message Entities (SME), for example, a
VMS and tpkernel.
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. In relation to
Telepath SMSC specifically, this is the most common format for the text
of SMs to be sent in. In an ASCII file, each alphabetic, numeric, or special
character is represented with a 7-bit binary number (a string of seven 0s
or 1s). 128 possible characters are defined.
B
BMS Billing Management System
BSC Base Station Controller. This controls a number of base stations. It
handles signalling, traffic, and operations amd maintenance messages to
and from all BTSs under its control. Signalling messages are also passed
via the BSC.
BTS Base Transceiver Station. This is a radio base station which provides a
number of radio carriers and is responsible for logical to physical channel
mapping, channel coding, and channel ciphering.
C
Captive A user account defined by the system administrator to prevent
unauthorised access to data at the command line. Those assigned this
account bypass the UNIX command line and go straight to the TPSMT
interface.
CDR Call Detail Record. A CDR contains necessary information to bill
customers for message transactions.
CPU Central Processing Unit. This is the area in a computer which has circuits
that interpret and execute commands.
CUG Closed User Group. Members of a CUG can only send messages to other
subscribers within the group.
Customer A Telepath SMSC subscriber who can view, send, accept, replace and
delete Short Messages.
Cron cron is a UNIX utility which executes commands at regular specified
intervals, according to instructions found in the crontab file. The crontab
file can be found at /var/spool/cron/crontabs. The types of operations
which cron is particularly suited to are those which may affect system
performance during working hours. It is recommended therefore that the
cron job is run at off peak times.
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E
ESMD External Short Message Descriptor. This is a table which is stored in
shared memory. Information on messages queued for each destination is
kept here.
ESME External Short Message Entity. An entity outside the mobile network that
can send messages to, or receive messages from an SMSC.
ESN Electronic Serial Number. This number is found in phone hardware and
is used, along with SIM card details by the EIR, to verify a subscribers
authenticity when a short message is submitted. If the phone has been
stolen, this will be apparent to the EIR.
F
FMS Fast Message Store.
FTP File Transfer Protocol. FTP is a program for transferring files on X.25
lines.
G
G/IW MSC Gateway/Interworking Mobile Switching Centre
GSM Group Special Mobile/Global System for Mobile Communications. A set
of standards for digital mobile communications developed by European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
GTT Global Title Translation. This is used for routing messages. Translation
involves using the Destination Point Code (DPC) and the Sub-System
Number (SSN) to send the message over the SS7 network. The translation
occurs at the Signalling Transfer Point (STP).
H
HLR Home Location Register - Repository of a GSM customers provisioning
data and current location register.
I
ID Identification integer which uniquely identifies the Short Message.
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Glossary
K
KIF Kernel Interface Functions. A set of functions that support
communication with tpkernel. These functions which may be called
either locally or remotely, allow you to submit, receive, delete and query
Short Messages.
L
LogToDB Log to Database. An event action which logs events in the Telepath
SMSC database.
LPC Local Point Code. The LPC defines the SS7 network address of the local
platform. For example, the SS7 address of the SMSC. It is set only once,
that is the first time the platform is configured.
M
MCE Notification Memory Capacity Exceeded Notification. This is an alert which is sent to
an ESME which indicates that the subscriber’s SIM card is full. This
feature is used mainly on systems where Voice Mail Notifications
(VMNs) constitute the bulk of the traffic.
Message status area The lower area of the screen which displays status messages pertaining to
menu selections, commands or processes.
MIB Management Information Base. This is the RAM database that is used to
store information about the operational status of different parts of the
Telepath SMSC. It is created during system startup.
MN-IF Mobile Network Application Interface Module. This implements the
interface between the Service Centre and the PLMN. From tpkernel, this
module receives Short Messages for delivery to specific Mobile Stations.
From the PLMN, this module receives Short Messages, Reports and
Alerts for submission to tpkernel.
MO Mobile Originated.
MOP Message Operation Processing.
MO-SM Mobile Originated Short Message.
MS Mobile Station. An MS can be a source or sink of Short Messages.
MSC Mobile Switching Centre. This is the interface between the Base Station
Subsystem and the fixed network. It performs the necessary functions in
order to handle the calls to and from the Mobile Stations.
MSID Mobile Station Identifier. All mobile stations may be identified by one or
more of the following formats: IMSI, TMSI and MIN.
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N
Network Operator A company which provides SMSC services.
NMS Network Management System.
NPI Numbering Plan Indicator.
O
OA&M Operations, Administration & Maintenance.
OCOS Originating Class of Service. This is a field found in TPSMT Messages
menu screens that determines whether the subscriber can submit Short
Messages over a specific interface, for example SMPP.
P
PID (GSM) Protocol Identifier. This field can be found in the Messages.View
command form in TPSMT, and indicates which protocol, for example
SMPP, or external application, for example, the fax application, is being
used in the message operation.
PID Process Indentifier. Every process running on a system has a unique
identifier so that it can monitored and administered.
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network. A mobile telecommunications network
established by a provider to facilitate mobile telecommunications services. This
includes equipment, operations, and staff. A single provider may have more than
one PLMN.
Priority This field determines the priority level of a SM. It can be : Normal, High,
Higher or Highest.
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network.
R
RDBMS Relational Database Management System.
Retry Date and Time the message was last attempted to be delivered.
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Glossary
S
SAM System Administration Manager. A UNIX System Administration tool
used to add UNIX users to the system, for example.
SAR System Analysis Report
SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part
SIU Signalling Interface Unit. This is the hardware part of the SS7 stack.
Layers MTP1 and MTP2 make up the SIU. Its function is to provide a
connection between SMSC and MSC and allow SS7 protocols to
communicate at both ends.
SM Short Message
SMS Short Message Service
Short Messaging A service defined within GSM for sending and receiving Short Messages
to/from a Mobile Station.
SMDPP ANSI-41 operation which is used by the Telepath SMSC to submit
Mobile Terminated Short Messages to the MSC and vice-versa.
SME Short Messaging Entity. Any source or sink of Short Messages. The
entity is either inside or outside the Public Land Mobile Network
(PLMN) and can send and/or receive Short Messages, for example,
Mobile Stations, Pagers, DTMF telephones.
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol. This protocol defines a range of
transactions that enable SNMP Manager applications to monitor network
entities. An example of this type of entity would be the HP OpenView.
These entities are known as SNMP agents.
SMPP Short Message Peer-to-Peer.
Source Number The MSISDN/MIN number of the message originator.
SQL Structured Query Language. SQL is a comprehensive language for
organising, managing and retrieving data stored by a relational database.
SS7 Signalling System Number 7. Comunication Protocol used by Telepath
SMSC to communicate with the HLR and the MSC.
T
TCAP Transaction Capabilities
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identifier.
TON/NPI Type of Number/Numbering Plan Indicator. This makes up part of the
MSISDN/MIN.
TPCUST Telepath SMSC Customer application. Refer to the TPCUST User’s
Guide.
TPSMT Telepath SMSC System Manager Terminal. The application that supports
system administration and maintenance.
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Glossary Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
U
UCP Universal Computer Protocol. UCP is used by external systems to access
a paging service.
User Group Groups of subscribers who may be members of a corporate or managed
by a Service Provider.
V
VMA Voice Mail Alert. An indication that voice mail messages are present in
voice mailbox. Short Message may indicate voice mail present or may
also give an indication of how many messages.
VMS Voice Messaging System.
VPS Voice Processing System
X
X.25 A network protocol that enables computers on different public networks
to communicate through an intermediary computer at the network-layer
level. X.25 is the protocol adapter as standard by the CCITT.
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Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide Index
Index
A interface 1-9
Address Routing 3-6, 3-14 DMM 1-13
address translation 3-5 mobile network 1-9
NMS 1-10
B Sierra 1-13
bdf command 7-4 SMPP 1-10
billing file TAP 1-11
file naming 6-5 TNPP 1-12
billing processes 6-3 TPCUST 1-11
BMS 2-10 TPSMT 1-11
C UCP 1-12
capacity licence monitor 5-2 K
classic messaging 2-3 Kernel 2-4
closed user groups 4-8
customer M
feedback -xiii MCE notification 3-19
validation 4-2 Message 2-12
message 2-13
D lengths 2-14
delivery mechanism controls 3-25 routing file 3-3
destination address validation 3-3 types 2-12
distribution lists 4-5 waiting data override 3-18
document conventions -xii message state
documentation deleted 2-13
related -xi delivered 2-13
E done 2-13
event for delivery 2-13
actions 8-5 undeliverable 2-13
classes 8-6 messaging modes
filtering 8-4 short messaging modes 2-2
log files 8-8 Mobile 1-9
logging thresholds 8-7 mobile registration delay 3-25
types 8-3 monitor
events 8-2 the UNIX system 7-4
expired message state 2-13 Monitoring 7-3
express messaging 2-7 monitoring the system 7-2
queues 2-7 MS registration delay 3-25
retry 2-8 MSC address storage 3-20
SMS alert notification 2-9 multi-recipient messages 3-24
extended device addressing 4-4 N
external environment 1-14 network cluster member formats 5-3
F normal
for delivery message 2-12
message state 2-13 O
G Overview 1-2
Global 3-19 overview of telepath SMSC 1-2
Global Title Addressing 3-14 P
H performance
hardware configuration 1-2 monitor system 7-4
home-location timezone 3-19 premium messaging 2-4
operations 2-5
I Prepaid 1-14
intended audience -x
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Index Telepath SMSC Introduction Guide
Index-2 SMS-2700-INTRO-xxxx-UD10
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