Reg No.

2020-EE-373
Name Tanzeel ur Rehman

Power Transmission, Distribution and Utilization

Complex Engineering Problem
Problem Statement
It is proposed to transmit 100 MW at 0.9 power factor lagging over 200 km from Mangla to
Lahore. Under full load conditions, the limit for voltage regulation and efficiency is 15%
and 95% respectively. Work out the following details of transmission line:
1) Select line voltage and number of circuits
2) Choose appropriate conductor and span for this line
3) Select a suitable value of inter-phase spacing and a suitable configuration of conductors
4) Calculate line parameters. Estimate the line efficiency and voltage regulation for full
load conditions.
5) Select suitable compensation equipment to increase the capacity of the line to a
maximum level.
6) Determine the capacity of shunt compensation equipment to improve the receiving end
power factor to 0.95 lagging. You may make suitable assumptions, but they must be clearly
mentioned.
Before solving the question, we will take two assumptions.
i) Let, the resistance of line is 4Ω.
ii) Let, the line reactance is 6 Ω.
Given data:
Power to be transmitted = 100MW
Power Factor CosΦ = .9 lagging
Line distance = 200km
limit for voltage regulation = 15%
limit for efficiency = 95%
1) Select line voltage and number of circuits
According to the above condition:
Line voltage VL =132kV

The number of circuit is one which is given below:

2) Choose appropriate conductor and span for this line
The conductor should be taken as ACSR-Composite standard conductor.
ACSR stand for Aluminium conductor steel-reinforced cable. Aluminium conductor steel-
reinforced cable (ACSR) is a type of high-capacity, high-strength stranded conductor typically
used in overhead power lines. The outer strands are high-purity aluminium, chosen for its good
conductivity, low weight, low cost, resistance to corrosion and decent mechanical stress
resistance.
The span for the line is approximately 250 meters to 300 meters.
3) Select a suitable value of inter-phase spacing and a suitable configuration of
conductor

The suitable value of inter-phase spacing d = 1.1m

The suitable configuration of conductor should be transposed conductor and bundled in
triangular configuration
.
 4) Calculate line parameters. Estimate the line efficiency and voltage regulation for full
load conditions.
Power = 100MW
Line Voltage VL = 132Kv
Phase Voltage Vph =132/1.732=76.21kV
Power Factor CosΦ = .9 lagging
SinΦ =.435

Line current =
√ ∗ ∗
∗
=
√ ∗ ∗ ∗.
=485.99 A
Line current and Phase current is same.

Sending end voltage (per phase) VS(ph) = VR+IR CosΦ+IXL SinΦ

=76210+(485.99)(4)(.9)+(485.99)(6)(.435)
=79213.41V
Sending end voltage VS(L) = √3 VS(ph)
=√3 *79213.41
=137201.65V
=137.2kV

𝒔 𝑽𝒓
Voltage Regulation V.R = *100
.
= ∗ 100
= 3.78%
Losses = 3*I2*R
= 3*485.992*4
= 2834235.36W
= 2.83MW

Efficiency η = *100
= *100
.
= 97.24%
According the given condition voltage regulation is less than 15% and efficiency is greater than
95%
So, the above assumed circuit is satisfied.
5) Select suitable compensation equipment to increase the capacity of the line to a
maximum level.
Suitable compensation equipment to increase the capacity of the line to a maximum level
is Shunt capacitive compensation.
Shunt capacitive compensation method is used improve the power factor. Whenever an
inductive load is connected to the transmission line, power factor lags because of lagging
load current. To compensate it, a shunt capacitor is connected, which draws current
leading to the source voltage. The net result is improvement in power factor.
6) Determine the capacity of shunt compensation equipment to improve the receiving
end power factor to 0.95 lagging. You may make suitable assumptions, but they
must be clearly mentioned.

Initial power Factor CosΦ1 = .9

Φ1 = 25.840
Requires power Factor CosΦ2 = .95
Φ2 = 18.190

Capacity of shunt compensation QC = P(tanΦ1-tanΦ2)

= 100*106[tan(25.84)-tan(18.19)]
= 100*106[.48-.33]
= 15*106W
= 15MW