diversity in plant species bird endemism

genera of plants endemic to the country

- WWF
Direct value is the benefit derived from
the goods provided by biodiversity.

Indirect value is a benefit that is

consistent with services derived from
biodiversity and of great value to
society as a whole.
• Destruction And Conversion
• Overexploitation
• Pollution
• Climate Change
• Invasive Alien Species
• logging, blast fishing, trawling, agriculture, housing,
fishponds, unregulated mining, unregulated tourism, poorly
planned development infrastructure projects, etc.,
• The unsustainable use of natural resources and
overexploitation, which occurs when harvesting exceeds
reproduction of wild plant and animal species, continues to
be a major threat to biodiversity.
• Pollution, including from hazardous wastes and chemicals,
is widely accepted as one of the main drivers of biodiversity
loss.
• A major impact of climate change on biodiversity is the
increase in the intensity and frequency of fires, storms or
periods of drought.
• Invasive species are capable of causing extinctions of
native plants and animals, reducing biodiversity,
competing with native organisms for limited resources,
and altering habitats.
 Protected Areas

total area of
protected areas in the
National Integrated Protected Areas Philippines
System (NIPAS) Act under Republic
have specific
Act 7586 (1991) laws designating
O ther releva nt la ws : them as part of
- Fi s heri es Code (Republi c Act 8550 ) the NIPAS
- Wi ldli f e Act (Republi c Act 9147)
- Ca ve Act (Republi c Act 90 72 )
- N a ti onal Wetla nds Stra tegy a nd Acti on Pla n
2 0 1 1-2016
1) Batanes Island Protected Landscape and Seascape;
2) Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park;
3) Bangan Hills;
4) Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape;
5) Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park;
6) Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park;
7) Sagay Marine Reserve;
8) Central Cebu Protected Landscape;
9) Mimbilisan Protected Landscape;
10) Mt. Kitanglad Natural Park;
11) Mt. Malindang Natural Park;
12) Mt. Apo Natural Park; and
13) Mt Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary.
sites that contribute significantly to the
global persistence of biodiversity.
The goal of KBA approach is to identify,
document, and protect network of sites
for the conservation of globally
important biodiversity

128 terrestrial and and 123

marine KBAs

species being unique to a defined
geographic location, such as an island,
nation, country or other defined zone, or
habitat type
determined through the presence of
geographically concentrated species:
the extent to which the loss of an area
will compromise conservation targets.

species that gathers in large numbers at

specific sites at some stage in their life
cycle for feeding, breeding or resting
during migration
• Assessment of the long-term implications of existing land
uses on protected areas (PAs), key biodiversity areas (KBAs)
and critical habitats (CHs).
• Integration of PA zoning with CLUP zoning.
• Zoning of KBAs and CHs as part of CLUP zoning.
• Monitoring of KBAs and CHs and limiting agriculture and
settlements to multiple-use zones.
• Relocation of incompatible land uses within and in the
periphery of CH, KBA protection areas and PA core or strict
protection zone.
To integrate biodiversity
conservation into local decision-
making on land use and zoning,
development planning and
program
• Delineate nationally proclaimed Protected Areas (PAs) and
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) within the LGU territory.
• Identify other protected areas, biodiversity areas and
critical habitats within LGU territory which are intended for
local protection and conservation
• Ensure that the protection and management of PAs and
KBAs are supported and enhanced in the proposed land use
and zoning

• Inventory and map of delineated PAs, KBAs, CHs, locally

identified/declared protected and conservation areas
including endangered species, if any
• Biodiversity Conservation and/or Management Strategies
for PAs and KBAs integrated in the CLUP
 Define policy
options

Conduct
situational
analysis

Gather data and

information
 Gather data
and information
• Map of Protected Areas
• Map of terrestrial and marine Key Biodiversity Areas
(https://www.geoportal.gov.ph/)
• Natural resource maps
• Zoning Plans and Management Plans of protected areas within the
local government area
• List of endangered plants and endangered animals for DENR
Administrative Order No. 2007-01 and DENR Administrative Order No.
2004-15
• Biodiversity studies of the area (if not available, conduct a
Biodiversity Assessment to determine the richness, evenness and
heterogeneity of living organisms in an area.)
 KBA Species Species IUCN Red List Category

Anonymomys mindorensis VU

Mt. Halcon (Mindoro)

Apomys gracilirostris VU

Palawanomys furvus DD

Mt. Mantalingahan

Sundascuirus rabori VU

South and North Gigante Island Platymantis insulatus CR

Conduct situational analysis
 Conduct situational analysis
A. Check if your LGU is part of a Protected Area (PA).

• The Protected Area Management Plan (PAMP) and Zoning

Plan should be consulted.
• Co-management agreements can be forged between the
LGU and concerned government agencies or management
authorities as well as the community leaders/area
managers.
 Conduct situational analysis
B. If the LGU is not a part of a protected area

• Refer to The Marine and Terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas

of the Philippines
 Conduct situational analysis
C. If LGU is part of a KBA

• List the important ecosystems, species or ecological processes within the

area.
• List goods and services provided they provide.
• Prioritize their areas as part of protection zones.
• Create a map
• Conduct scenario building that involve projection of changes in land use
• Review current enforcement of and compliance with existing national and
local policies.
• Prepare spatial strategies for the conservation or protection for CLUP.
 Conduct situational analysis
D. If an LGU is not part of a Protected Area or a KBA

• Identify the different types of ecosystems in the LGU

• Do resource assessment
• Map where these different natural ecosystems types are
• List the ecosystem goods and services provided by each of these natural
ecosystems.
• Aim to protect at least 20% of each natural ecosystem type
• Identify which areas of each natural ecosystem type might be important
for sustaining the value of the above ecosystem goods and services.
• Prioritize areas that may be important for sustaining ecosystem goods
and services for the 20% to be protected.
 Conduct situational analysis
D. If an LGU is not part of a Protected Area or a KBA

• Conduct scenario building that involve projection of changes in land use

• Select which areas to protect approximately 20%
• Identify appropriate buffer zones around these protection areas.
• Review current enforcement of and compliance with existing national and
local policies and identify situations that work and do not work.
• Prepare spatial strategies for the conservation or protection of the
prioritized areas to be incorporated into the CLUP.
 Conduct situational analysis
Criteria for Socio-Economic Assessment for Biodiversity Conservation
Priority-setting

• Socio-Demographic Data
• Tenurial status of population
• Local Economy
• Poverty incidence
• Resource Utilization Issues
• Sustainability of Efforts
• Community Management
• Cultural Diversity
 Allowable activities within the
Description Ecosystem Habitat
management zone

Critically None, expect for: (i) traditional uses of

threatened/endangered tribal communities for minimal and
Virgin forest or habitats and habitats of soft impact gathering of forest species
Area of maximum
primary growth rare endangered species for ceremonial and religious purposes,
protection
forest or habitat of local and (ii) soft impact activities defined
endemic species of flora in PCSD resolutions 06-270 and 04-
and fauna 233.

Limited and non-consumptive

activities which include:
-soft-impact recreational activities
Critical watersheds Areas designated as
(sightseeing, bird watching);
which were identified, biodiversity hotspots and
-research;
classified or declared as Wetlands highly threatened by
-sustainable activities of indigenous
such by the human activities based
peoples; -
government on scientific studies
ecosystem restoration or
rehabilitation; and
-ecotourism activities

Biodiversity Analysis Matrix
Technical
findings/observations/
Issues and concerns
Low compliance with
environmental regulations in
important biodiversity areas
or proposed protection zones
Land conversion
Define policy options
Effects, impacts, implications Policy options/interventions
• Conduct information campaigns about the
ecosystem goods and services provided by
• Degradation of biodiversity
biodiversity and the need to protect in order to
resources
protect their sustainability
• Decrease in ecosystem goods
• Establish and secure local allies and informants.
and services
• Intensify preventive monitoring/ patrolling until
compliance improves.
• Degradation of natural
ecosystems, decrease in natural • Prohibit activities (infrastructure build-up,
species' population and agriculture/ aquaculture, blast fishing, trawling)
decrease in ecosystem goods that convert or degrade natural habitats activities
and services in areas of high biodiversity importance
• Increased disaster risks/hazards
ACTIVITY:
Biodiversity Analysis Matrix
Technical
findings/observations/ Effects, impacts, implications Policy options/interventions
Issues and concerns
 Technical
findings/observation
Effects, impacts, implications Policy options/interventions
s/ Issues and
concerns

• Based upon desired water uses, estimate maximum

• Degradation of natural ecosystems, decrease in natural
allowable pollution loads and establish regulations to
species populations and decrease in ecosystem goods
Pollution keep pollution within these levels (e.g. no new
and services
development permits issued until pollution is brought
• Health hazards to those using water sources
within allowed levels)

• Relocation of communities living and/or working in

• Degradation of natural ecosystems, decrease in natural
danger/hazard areas
species populations and decrease in ecosystem goods
Climate change • Protection of “upstream” natural habitats (e.g. forests
and services
upstream of landslide-prone communities, mangroves
• Increased disaster risks/hazards
and coral reefs adjacent to coastal communities)

• Estimate maximum sustainable yields and determine

desired levels of exploited species and establish
• Decrease in population and yield of exploited species regulations to keep exploitation within these levels (e.g.
Overexploitation
(e.g. fish) prohibit hunting of IUCN Red List threatened NDspecies,
strictly regulate and slowly reduce number of fishing
licenses issued)
Reach out to me
eddiesoncanoza@gmail.com
for any questions