13 Main Characteristics or Nature of Planning (Explained) - Googlesir

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13 Main Characteristics or Nature of Planning – Explained

Updated on: December 7, 2018 — Leave a Comment
From business and industrial point of view, ‘Planning’ means that determination of objectives and goals, and work is to be accomplished. So
the Characteristics or Nature of Planning in Business You Should Know.
Characteristics or Nature of Planning
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Planning is a method or technique of looking ahead. A constructive reviewing of future needs so that present actions can be adjusted in view
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Characteristics or Nature of Planning

Following the characteristics or nature of planning emerge, out of the aforesaid and some other definitions of planning:
1. Primary Function
Planning is the primary function of management.
Various other activities of Management, like, organization, direction, coordination, motivation, and control are carried out, only after this
function.
In this regard, Koontz and O’Donnell have said that “Planning is the primary and important function of management.”
If planning is not done, it will not be possible to start and successfully accomplish other activities also, the reason being that Planning builds
the structure or outline for the execution of other functions of the management.
Bonus: 12 Features of Planning in Business Management.
2. Intellectual and Mental Activity

Planning is an intellectual and mental activity since the best alternatives are selected in the process of planning.
Planning depends upon the imaginative power, foresightedness, well-considered thinking, knowledge, and ability, etc. of the persons.
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In this regard, Heymans and Marry have said that “Planning is an intellectual process, for which creative thinking and imagination are
essential.”
Hence, it is evident that planning is an intellectual and mental process. Entrepreneur and Risk Taking Capacity – Meaning & Explained.
3. Based on Objectives and Goals

The main objective of planning is to accomplish the objectives of the enterprise efficiently. Every individual, group, department, and institution
works with specific objectives and goals.
A business manager cannot determine the activities to be undertaken in future, without a clear determination of the objectives. No activity
may be efficiently implemented without determination of objectives.

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Hence, planning depends upon the objectives and a manager formulates his plans, in the context of the predetermined objectives.
4. Process of Looking Forward or Ahead

Planning is a process to look towards the future because it relates to future activities. In Planning, decisions for the future are taken presently,
considering future circumstances.
In other words, planning is the process of looking forward in the future, meaning thereby, what will be done in the future, and how it will be
done, who will do it and when, answers to such questions are predetermined in Planning, so that the activities may be executed and operated
in the future.
5. Basically, It is a Choosing Process

Planning is basically a choosing process because at the first stage various alternatives are selected and thereafter the best of them is
chosen.
That is why Billy E. Goetz has stated that “Planning is basically a choosing process and planning is Born with the finding of various
alternatives.”
If various alternatives are not available for the solution of any problem, planning will not be required. So, the nature and characteristics of
planning in management are very must.
6. Continuous and Dynamic Process

Planning is a continuous process because the planning of activities goes on continuously right from the Inception of the idea for the starting
of the business to its accomplishment.
Characteristics of Planning
Second plan after the first and third plan after the second, and so on, goes on, irrespective of changes taken place in goals, policies,
methods, sources of Enterprises and circumstances, etc.
Since no person can feel fully assured about the future course of events.
Hence, required adjustments (changes or revisions) to be made in the plan, with changes in the circumstances.
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The element of future planning more comprehensive and dynamic.
7. Pervasiveness Function
Planning is the pervasive function. It is required for Business (trade, commerce, and industries), non-business (social, political, religious,
cultural), management (organization, direction, coordination, motivation, and control) activities, at all levels of Management and in all
department (production, finance, marketing, personnel).
The scope of planning will be as wide, as the height of the level of the organization.
8. Unity
According to Henri Fayol, “Unity is also the main feature of planning.” ‘Unity’ has meant execution of only one plan at a time.
Otherwise, the apprehensions of misunderstandings, confusions, spreading of anarchy may be remain.
9. Interdependent Process
Planning is an interdependent process. The programmes of an enterprise are divided into various parts, like production, purchase, sales,
personnel department, etc.
Although all these departments have their own plans, these are the constituents of the overall plan of the enterprise.
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The departmental plans are interrelated, like products and will have to be increased on increase in sales and for increased production, the
purchase by the purchasing department will also increase and it will have an effect on other departmental plans also.
Read More: Top 5 Functions of an Economic System.
10. Process Based on Forecastings

Planning is a process based on forecasts, because, under it, the works to be done in future are forecasted in advance.
In this regard, Henri Fayol has said that, “Planning is the synthesis of all types of forecasts, may be short term or long term, or general or
specific.”
For that, he has recommended for yearly and ten-yearly forecasts. But, in ten yearly forecasts, necessary revisions should be made at least
after five years. So, This features of planning in management are very essential.
11. Planning is Basically, Decision Making

Planning is basically decision making because, in the form of decision making, the decision is taken for choosing the best possible modality
from the alternative activities and modalities, in the process of planning.
In the regard, Peter F. Drucker has said that “Every activity performed by a manager is based on decisions. But, planning and decision
making has a difference.
The scope of planning is wider than that of decision making.” 12 Qualities of Effective Leadership in an Entrepreneur.
12. Integral Part of Organization

Planning is an integral part of the organization because building up of an effective organization is possible only through planning, otherwise,
the organization may be imagined even.
13. Other Characteristics and Nature

1. Planning is regarded as a measurement of ability, efficiency, and skills of the managers.
2. Planning is the flexible function of management because changes are made in it, according to circumstances.
3. Functions of planning are that of a guide.
4. Characteristics or Nature of Planning.
Read More
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