Apostrophe – speaking up to an object, an idea or someone who doesn’t exist as if it is a living

person.
Example: Twinkle twinkle, little star

Assonance - is the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds within words, phrases, or
sentences.
Example: She seems to beam rays of sunshine with her eyes of green.

Chiasmus is a figure of speech in which the grammar of one phrase is inverted in the following
phrase, such that two key concepts from the original phrase reappear in the second phrase in
inverted order.
Example: She has all my love; my heart belongs to her

Euphemism is an appropriate expression used in the place of a phrase or words that may be
found inappropriate or offensive.
Example: “Let go” instead of “fired”

Hyperbole, a figure of speech that is an intentional exaggeration for emphasis or

comic effect
Example: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.

Irony occurs when there's a marked contrast between what is said and what is meant, or
between appearance and reality.
Example: "How nice!" she said when I told her I had to work all weekend.

Litotes, a form of verbal irony in which understatement is used to emphasize a point by stating
a negative to further affirm a positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect
Example: It’s not exactly a walk in the park.

Metaphor is a figure of speech that states that one thing is another thing.

Example: Life is a highway.

Metonymy gives writers the ability to make single words or phrases more powerful

Example: Crown. (For the power of a king.)

Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which words evoke the actual sound of the thing they
refer to or describe
Example: “ding dong” (doorbell)

Oxymorons are often used poetically as a way of bringing out a fresh meaning in a word or
phrase.
Example: awfully good
Paradox is a statement that contradicts itself
Example: Earn money by spending it.

Personification is a poetic literary device in which non-living things are given human traits

Example: Lightning danced across the sky.

 Pun is a literary device that is also known as a “play on words.”

Example: A horse is a very stable animal.

Simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things in an interesting way using the
word "like" or "as."
Example: You were as brave as a lion.

Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which, most often, a part of something is used to refer to
its whole.
Example: hired hands

Understatement is a figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a

situation seem less important or serious than it is.
Example: Looks like it rained a bit last night.

CESC DEFINE 1. COMMUNITY 2. COMMUNITY DYNAMICS 3. COMMUNITY ACTION DRAW YOUR IDEAL
COMMUNITY

1. COMMUNITY. A COMMUNITY IS A SOCIAL GROUP WHOSE MEMBERS SHARE CHARACTERISTICS SUCH

AS A COMMON GOVERNMENT, GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, CULTURE, OR HERITAGE. THE PHYSICAL
LOCATION WHERE SUCH A GROUP RESIDES IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS A COMMUNITY.

2. COMMUNITY DYNAMICS. COMMUNITY DYNAMICS REFERS TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE THAT
TAKE PLACE IN A COMMUNITY FORMED OF ALL KINDS OF LIVING THINGS.

3. COMMUNITY ACTION. AN ACTIVITY TO INCREASE COMMUNITY UNDERSTANDING, ENGAGEMENT, AND

EMPOWERMENT WITH THE GOAL OF PROVIDING SERVICES TO PEOPLE. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS A SOCIAL
ACTION OR COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT.