Simultaneous measurement of ultrasonic velocity and sample thickness and its

application to NDE of composites.

David K. Hsu and Michael S. Hughes

Citation: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90, 2358 (1991); doi: 10.1121/1.402135
View online: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.402135
View Table of Contents: https://asa.scitation.org/toc/jas/90/4
Published by the Acoustical Society of America

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Simultaneous ultrasonic velocity and sample thickness measurement and application in composites
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, 669 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1121/1.405279
to do the matrix inversion.The SVD methodcoupledwith the finite-
elementmethod implementationof HIE enabledthe extensionof the
near-field acoustical holography technique from two- to three-
dimensionalsources.Test resultsare given.
10:15
8PAb6. Reconstruction of transducer surface velocity distributions
from a limited number of acoustic pressurefield measurements.J. R.
Blakey (Dept. of Physics,Univ. of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2
5XH, U.K.)
The accuratepredictionof the acousticfieldof a transducerrequires
a detailedknowledgeof its surfacevelocitydistribution.The normal
surfacevelocitydistributionof pistonlikeplane transducerscan be de-
ducedfrom a suitablespatialtransformationof the acousticpressure
distributionmeasuredover a planeparallelto the transducersurface.
This methodnormally requiresa largenumberof time-consuming pre-
cision measurementsand a correspondingcomputationaleffort. Less
intensemethodsof transducercharacterization,which can predict ra-
diation fieldsto an acceptableaccuracy,are thereforeof someinterest.
The "effectiveradius" method is a well-known exampleof such an
approach.This contributiondiscusses a methodof reconstructingap-
proximatesurfacevelocitydistributionsfrom the inversionof the axial
pressuredistributionand presentssometypical resultsobtainedfrom
this approach.
10:30
8PAb7. Simultaneousmeasurementof ultrasonic velocity and sample
thickness and its application to NDE of composites.David K. Hsu
and Michael S. Hughes(Ctr. for NondestructiveEvaluation,Iowa State
Univ., Ames, IA 50011 )
Ultrasonicvelocityis widely usedfor nondestructiveevaluationof
materialproperties.In caseswherethe thicknessof the testpieceis not
preciselyknownor variesspatially,it is desirableto be ableto determine
the ultrasonicvelocityand the samplethicknesssimultaneously. In im-
mersiontests,the velocityand the thicknessmay be determinedsimul-
taneouslyby measuringa numberof times-of-flight[cf. Kuo et al., J.
Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 1679-1682 (1990)]. In this work the "simulta-
neous"methodwastestedin four differentconfigurations of pulseecho
and through transmissionand was applied to the characterizationof
porosityin graphitepolyimideand graphite-epoxycomposites. In ad-
dition, the velocity-thickness
methodwasalsoimplementedwith water
squirters.[Work supportedby Centerfor NDE, Iowa StateUniversity.]
10:45
8PAb8. Pulse phase-locked loop technology-basedmethods for
measurementof ultrasonic velocity. John H. Canttell and William T.
Yost (NASA LangleyRes. Ctr., M.S. 231, Hampton, VA 23665-5225)
A new instrumentbasedon a constantfrequencypulsephase-locked
loop concepthas been developedto accuratelymeasurethe ultrasonic
phasevelocityin condensed matter.Measurements of the soundvelocity
in ultrapurewater are reportedin which both dampedand undamped
transducersare used with the instrumenttogetherwith reflectorsof
variousthicknessesplacedin the soundpropagationpath. An analysis
of measurements made with the new instrument and similar measure-
ments,takenunderidenticalexperimentalconditions,usinga popular
variable frequencypulsed-phase-locked loop instrumentis reported.
Uncertaintiesin both measurementsystemsare analyzedand discussed.
A methodfor measuringinherentphaseshifts,not addressed by previ-
ous investigators,within the variable frequencypulsedphase-locked
loop systemand a derivationof the equationsthat governits use as a
bolt-tensionmeasuringdeviceare presented.The effectsof a finitepulse
length on the measurements of phasevelocityin dispersivemedia are
addressed.
2358 J. Acoust.Soc. Am., Vol. 90, No. 4, Pt. 2, October 1991 .
11:00
8PAb9. The effects of ultrasound on membrane-bound ATPase
activity. Mumtaz A. Dinno (Dept. of Physics,Univ. of Mississippi,
University, MS 38677), Robert J. Fisher, John C. Matthews,
Lawrence A. Crum, and Wendy Kennedy (Univ. of Mississippi,
University, MS 38677)
Ultrasoundfrequencies rangingfrom 26 kHz-10 MHz are usedin a
numberof applicationsvaryingfrom cell disruptionsto therapeuticand
diagnosticprocedures.Previousresultsfrom our laboratoryhave dem-
onstratedthat 1-MHz ultrasoundat therapeuticintensitiescausessig-
nificantchangesin the electrophysiological propertiesof epithelialtis-
sues.The natureof thesealterationsindicatedthat, amongothereffects,
the Na/K-dependent ATPase activity of the tissuewasreduced.In this
study,the effectsof ultrasonicirradiation (30 kHz) on enzymeactivities
in two modelsystemshavebeenexamined:onemembraneincorporated
(Na/K-dependent ATPase in inverted erythrocyte ghostsfrom rat
blood) and the other in "free" solution (ATP-dependent firefly
luciferin/luciferasereaction). Ultrasonicirradiationproducedirrevers-
ible decreases in the activityof the enzymein eachsystem.At present,
the analysisleadsone to concludethat sono-chemical(includingfree
radical) and not thermaleffectson the enzymemoleculesare responsi-
ble for the activitydecreases. Theseresultssupportthe hypothesis that
the effectsof ultrasonicirradiation were, in part, due to effectson the
activity of Na/K-dependentATPase. Furthermore,the resultsof this
studydemonstratethat sono-chemical-induced enzymeactivitychanges
may representa muchmore commonand pervasiveeffectthan is com-
monlyrealized.[Work supportedby the NIH underGrant No. 5-RO1-
CA-39374-05.]
11:15
8PAb10. Simulated capillary blood flow measurement using a
nonlinearultrasoniccontrastagent. Beth Schrope,Vernon Newhouse
(BiomedicalEng. and ScienceInst., Drexel Univ., Philadelphia,PA
19104), and Volkmar Uhlendorf (Research Labs. of ScheringAG,
Berlin, Germany)
A systemis proposedfor measuringslow,smallvolumebloodflow,
such as that found in the capillary beds.The method relies on the
injection of a strongly nonlinear echocardiographiccontrast agent,
whoseechoesare then analyzedby a modifiedDoppler process.The
contrastagent is necessaryto increasethe signal-to-clutterratio from
the small blood volume,and to distinguishthe blood movementfrom
othermovingstructures,suchasvesselwallsor surroundingtissue.The
nonlinearpropertiesof this saccharide-based contrastagent are de-
scribed,as evidencedby experimentalevaluation.The contrastagent
and signal-processing modalitywere then testedin a bloodflow simu-
lator, at velocitiesaslow as 1.5 mm/s, with goodresults.In addition,an
analysisfor applyingthis techniquein vivowas conducted,accounting
for the dynamicand acousticparametersof the physiologicalenviron-
ment. Finally, somespecificapplicationsfor this methodare discussed,
includingits limitations.[Work supportedby NSF and ScheringAG.]
11:30
8PAb11. Ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy research for food
dispersionmeasurement.Wang Yinguan and Wei Jingsheng(Inst. of
Acoust.,Tongji Univ., 1239 Sipin Rd., Shanghai200092,The People's
Republicof China)
Theoreticalresearchwork hasbeendonefor understanding the prin-
ciple of the ultrasonicabsorptionin food dispersion.Four ultrasonic
attenuationmeasurement methodshavebeendeveloped.Theseare the
through transmission method, through transmission substitution
method,pulseechosubstitutionmethod,and pulseechomethod.The
first threemethodscompareechoescollectedfrom a referencematerial
of knownultrasonicpropertieswith that of the sample.The lastmethod
comparesreflectedechoescollectedfrom measurements on the sample
122nd Meeting:AcousticalSocietyof America 2358