12

STEM-General Physics 1
Quarter 1 – Module 7
Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion
and Free Fall Motion

https://images.app.goo.gl/nWzo5yL5DUhinMv8A

https://youtu.be/E43-CfukEgs
STEM-General Physics 1
Quarter 1-Module 7 – Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion and Free Fall
Motion

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad
Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writer: Jesusa Krista Jardiolin
• DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE
Reviewers:
• Benjie
Writer:L. Cadag
• Reviewers:
Voltaire G. Furio
• Editors:
Edgardo E. Bungcag
Alex Barrameda
• Layout Artists:
Editor: Benjie L. Cadag
Voltaire G. Furio
Edgardo E. Bungcag
Alex Barrameda
Language Editor: Ronnalyn N. Jalmasco
Layout Artists: Ma. Rachel B. Espino
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Solve for unknown

quantities in equations
involving one-dimensional
uniform accelerated
motion, including free fall
motion.
(STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-17)

https://pin.it/F2uOFzF 1

1
 In your previous lessons, you have learned the concepts of
velocity, acceleration and displacement. In this module, you will
focus on linear or straight line motion with uniform acceleration.
You will discover that for uniformly accelerated linear motion,
solving for final velocity, displacement, and time can be easily done
using derived equations called Kinematic Equations.
Also, the same set of kinematic equations can be used in
understanding motions of falling objects while neglecting air
resistance. This idealized motion is called free fall.

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. derive the kinematic equations for uniformly
accelerated linear motion and free fall motion;
2. answer problems focusing on finding unknown
quantities using kinematic equations and equations
for uniformly accelerated motion and free fall
motions and;
3. apply concept of uniformly accelerated linear motion
and free fall to real life problems.

2
PRE -TEST
I. TRUE or FALSE: Study the statement/s carefully. Write T if the
statement/s is/are correct and F if the statement is wrong.
______ 1. Pedro walked from home to school for 2km. He returned home
after one hour. The magnitude of his displacement is 4 km.
______ 2. An object moving with a constant acceleration slows down if the
acceleration points in the direction opposite to the direction of the
velocity. An object will be permanently halt if its acceleration
remains constant.
______ 3. The acceleration of all free falling bodies is called acceleration
due to gravity (g).
______ 4. The displacement of objects moving in a uniform motion can be
obtained by multiplying the final velocity and time.
______ 5. The equation of kinematics use new concepts in describing
motion.

II. Problem Solving: Analyze the problem and write down the given and
required. Write your complete solution in solving the
problem on the space provided.
1. A motorbike stopped at a traffic light. When the light turns green, the driver
accelerates so that the cars speedometer reads 10 m/s after 5 seconds.
What is the car’s acceleration assuming it is constant?

2. You tossed a five-peso coin upward with a velocity of +1.47 m/s. Neglecting
air resistance, find the maximum height reached by your coin.

3
 Motion is already part of our lives. We encounter it every day and the
picture below shows you that motion is around us.

https://images.app.goo.gl/pbNH6xBkZFbtDQ2Z8

You are already

familiar with these
Velocity concepts. The
Acceleration exercises below will
Displacement help you recall these
concepts.
Time

DISPLACEMENT
Displacement is a vector that points from an object’s initial position to its final
position. The magnitude of the displacement is the shortest distance between the
two positions.

4
 Sample Problem
When going to the convenience store,
you walked 40 m east and 30 m north.
a. What was the total distance that
you walked?
Total distance = 40 m + 30 m = 70 m
b. What was your total displacement?
Physics Challenge 1.1
Answer the problem below:
After reaching the convenience store, you
decided to visit your friend. To get to his
house, you walked 20 m east and 40 m
north.
a. What was the total distance that
you’ve walked from your house?
b. What was your total displacement
from your house?
Write your solution below:

To solve for the displacement, use

Pythagorean Theorem (c2 = a2 + b2), and
𝑑𝑦
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 |𝑑 | to solve for the
𝑥
displacement.
Note: c2 = a2 + b2 → d2 = dx2 + dy2
1. Magnitude:

𝒅 = √(𝒅𝒙 )𝟐 + (𝒅𝒚 )𝟐

𝒅 = √(𝟒𝟎𝒎)𝟐 + (𝟑𝟎𝒎)𝟐
d = 50m
2. Direction:
𝑑𝑦
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 | |
𝑑𝑥
30𝑚
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 | |
40𝑚
𝜽 = 𝟑𝟕° 𝑵 𝒐𝒇 𝑬

VELOCITY
The average velocity 𝝊 of an object is the object’s displacement x divided by the
𝚫𝒙
elapsed time t: 𝝊 = SI unit: m/s
𝚫𝒕
Sample Problem Physics Challenge 1.2
Electrons move through a certain Answer the problem below:
electric circuit at an average speed of 1.1 The Space Shuttle travels at a speed
x 10-2 m/s. How long (in minutes) does it of about 7.6 x 103 m/s. The blink of an
take an electron to traverse 1.5 m of wire astronaut’s eye lasts about 110
in the filament of a light bulb? milliseconds. How many football fields
(length = 91.4 m) does the Shuttle cover
Given: v =1.1 x 10-2 m/s in the blink of an eye?
X = 1.5 m Write your solution below:
Find: t

5
Solution:
𝚫𝒙
𝝊= Considering that initial
𝚫𝒕
velocity is zero and starter at rest, we can
derive for time as:
𝑥
𝑡=
𝜐
1.5 𝑚
𝑡=
1.1𝑥 10−2 𝑚/𝑠
t = 1.6 x 102 s
Convert it to minutes as asked in the
problem.

1.36 𝑥 102 𝑠 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒

( )( ) = 𝟐. 𝟑𝒎𝒊𝒏
1 60 𝑠

ACCELERATION
The average acceleration is a vector. It equals the change in the velocity (Δ𝜐)
divided by the elapsed time t (Δ𝑡), the change in the velocity being the final minus
Δ𝜐
the initial velocity: 𝑎 = SI unit: m/s2
Δ𝑡

Sample Problem Physics Challenge 1.3

A sprinter explodes out of the starting Answer the problem below:
block with an acceleration of +2.3 m/s2, Consider the same problem. What is
which she sustains for 1.2 s. Then, her her velocity at the end of the race?
acceleration drops to zero for the rest of the Write your answer below.
race. What is her velocity at t=1.2 s?
Given:
a = +2.3 m/s2 (+ denotes direction)
t = 1.2 s
Find: v
Solution:
Δ𝜐 𝜐 − 𝑣0
𝑎= 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 =
Δ𝑡 𝑡 − 𝑡0
Since the sprinter started at rest, then
𝑣0 = 0 𝑚/𝑠. Also, the acceleration
remained constant.
𝑎(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) = 𝜐 − 𝑣0
𝝊 = 𝒗𝟎 + 𝒂(𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎 )
𝜐 = 0𝑚/𝑠 + 2.3 𝑚/𝑠 2 (1.2 𝑠 − 0𝑠)
𝜐 = 0𝑚/𝑠 + 2.3 𝑚/𝑠 2 (1.2𝑠)
𝝊 = +𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔

6
 If you are to ride in a roller
coaster, what would make you
more afraid: the ride gradually
increasing velocity or a ride that
moves in the same velocity?
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
https://images.app.goo.gol/LU6ycLjA3bYGRSt28 ________________________________
For sure, you would want a ride with increasing velocity to experience
thrill or excitement. So far, your lessons in physics have focused on the
fundamental concepts of motion. The next step will give you a level up by
applying the concepts in a linear motion with uniform acceleration.

Let us understand the concept below.

Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion
Straight line motion where in velocity is changing at a constant rate
within time intervals as a result of constant acceleration.

Let us analyze the definition above using a sample problem.

The bike from rest moved with an The conditions in the

problem:
initial velocity (𝜐0 ) of 2 m/s. The bike
moved forward with a constant a. Initial velocity = 2 m/s
acceleration of 2 m/s2. What are the final
b. constant acceleration =
velocities of the bike every one interval of
2 m/s2
1 second for 7 seconds?

Considering the conditions derived from the problem we can complete the
table below.
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Velocity (m/s) 2
How does constant acceleration affect the velocity of the bike?
Since the bike is moving in a constant acceleration of 2 m/s2, the
velocity will then increase by 2m/s after a second interval. This is derived
from the concept that acceleration is the change in velocity within an elapsed
time. In symbols:

7
 𝜐− 𝜐0 𝜐− 𝜐0
𝑎= (since t0 = 0s) → 𝑎 = → 𝑎𝑡 = 𝜐 − 𝜐0 → 𝒂𝒕 + 𝝊𝟎 = 𝝊
𝑡− 𝑡0 𝑡

To solve for the final velocities at each interval you can use the formula:
𝝊 = 𝒂𝒕 + 𝝊𝟎
Using the formula, the table will be completed as:
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Velocity (m/s) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Uniformly Accelerated Linear

Motion As the definition stated, in a uniformly
The concept: accelerated motion, the velocity changes at a fixed
Straight line motion where rate. The bike in the problem increased its velocity
in velocity is changing at a by 2m/s every 1 second.
constant rate within time
To help you imagine, plot the table above in a
intervals as a result of constant
velocity vs time graph below.
acceleration.

*Based from the data as shown on the table above, construct a graph and
answer the following questions:
18
17
16
15 1. Describe the line formed by the velocity –
14 time graph.
13
12 2. Solve for the slope of the graph.
Velocity (m/s)

11 m = rise / run
10 3. The value of the slope is equivalent to
9 ____________________.
8
4. What would the graph of acceleration vs
7
time look like?
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time (s)

The straight line motion or linear motion being considered in this

discussion are motions that go forward or backward. We can also consider
the motion to be along the x-axis of the Cartesian coordinate plane allowing
positive and negative values indicating the direction of motion.

8
Physics in Real Life!
In what other activities can we observe uniform acceleration for a linear
motion? List them down in your notebook.

Physics is not only about

Do you find it hard to memorize
memorizing formulas and using it
formulas or equations in Physics?
to solving problems.
Why?
Write your answer here.
Physics formulas are derived
from fundamental concepts. The
best way to master the formulas
or equations is to understand the
concepts from which they are
based.

In this part of the lesson, you will understand how the equations of
kinematics were derived. The table below lists down the equations of
kinematics.
Variables Given in the Problem Legend
Equations
x a 𝝊 𝝊𝟎 t 𝝊 = final velocity
𝜐 = 𝜐0 + 𝑎𝑡 - / ? / / a = acceleration
1 x =displacement
𝑥 = (𝜐0 + 𝜐)𝑡 ? - / / /
2 𝝊𝟎 = initial
1 2 velocity
𝑥 = 𝜐0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 ? / - / /
2 t = time
𝜐 2 = 𝜐0 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 / / ? / -

The equations can only be used with a condition that there is uniform
or constant acceleration. For most of the problems, the initial time is equal to
0s.

A. Solving for the final velocity 𝝊 linear motion with constant

acceleration.
1. We make use of the equation in solving for acceleration.
𝜐− 𝜐0 𝜐− 𝜐0
𝑎= (since t0 = 0s) → 𝑎 = → 𝑎𝑡 = 𝜐 − 𝜐0 → 𝒂𝒕 + 𝝊𝟎 = 𝝊
𝑡− 𝑡0 𝑡

2. To solve for the final velocities at each interval you can use the
formula:
𝝊 = 𝒂𝒕 + 𝝊𝟎

9
 3. You may have noticed that this process is the same with the
derivation done in the sample problem above. By rearranging
𝝊 = 𝒂𝒕 + 𝝊𝟎 , we will have the first equation of kinematics:
𝝊 = 𝝊𝟎 − 𝒂𝒕

Sample Problem:
1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝝊𝟎 = 𝟐𝟔 𝒎/𝒔 Find: 𝝊
a = 1.2 km/s 2

t = 12 s
Analysis / Reasoning:
Since the 𝝊𝟎 , a, and t are given, we can use the 1st equation of
kinematics to solve for 𝝊. Take note that the acceleration is
expressed in km/s2. It needs to be converted to match the units
of other quantities. It is advisable to utilize SI units.
Solution:
1. Convert 1.2 km/s to m/s2.
12 𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚
( 𝑠2 ) ( 1𝑘𝑚 )= 1200 m/s2

2. Substitute the given values.

𝝊 = 𝝊𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕
𝜐 = (26 𝑚/𝑠) + (1,200 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(12𝑠)
𝝊 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟐 𝒎/𝒔 or 𝝊 = 𝟏. 𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒎/𝒔

2. Given: At constant acceleration:

𝝊 = 4.2 x 1011 𝑚/𝑠 Find: 𝝊𝟎
𝒂 = 1.2 x 10−4 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝒕 = 3.6 𝑥 10−3 𝑠
Analysis / Reasoning:
In your previous discussions, you have mastered dealing with
magnitude expressed in scientific notation. Your final answer
must always be expressed with the needed significant figure
based on the given. Not all problems related to 1st equation of
kinematics will ask for the final velocity, you must learn how to
derive or manipulate equations following algebraic rules.
Solution:
1. Derive formula for initial velocity 𝜐0 .
𝝊 = 𝝊𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕, transposing initial and final velocity variables to opposite sides
𝝊𝟎 = 𝝊 + 𝒂𝒕
2. Substitute the given values.
𝝊𝟎 = 𝝊 + 𝒂𝒕
1.2 x 10−4 𝑚 3.6 𝑥 10−3 𝑠
𝝊𝟎 = (4.2 x 1011 𝑚/𝑠) + ( )( )
𝒔𝟐 1
𝝊𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
10
 Physics Challenge 2.1
1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝝊𝟎 = 𝟔. 𝟐 𝒎/𝒔 Find: 𝝊
a = 0.6 m/s 2

t = 2.1 s
Solution:

2. Given: At constant acceleration:

𝝊 = 3.1 x 10−22 𝑘𝑚/𝑠 Find: 𝝊𝟎
𝒂 = 7.2 x 10−8 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝒕 = 1.6 𝑥 10−1 𝑠
Solution:

B. Solving for the displacement at time t given average velocity.

1. Recall the that average velocity is computed by dividing change in

displacement by change in time.
x− 𝑥0 𝑥
𝜐= or 𝜐 = when initial time (t) and position (x) is equal to zero.
t− 𝑡0 𝑡
By cross multiplication: x = vt

2. For linear motion in constant acceleration, the average velocity is equal

to the average of the initial and final velocities.
𝜐0 + υ 1
𝜐𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = or 𝜐𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (𝜐0 + υ)
2 2

1
3. Substituting the formula (𝜐0 + υ) for v in the equation x = vt, we
2
have:
𝟏
𝒙= (𝝊 + 𝛖)𝐭
𝟐 𝟎

11
Sample Problem:
1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐0 = 1.3 𝑥 105 𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝜐 = 45 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝑡 = 1.4 ℎ𝑟
Find: x, expressed in SI units
Analysis / Reasoning: In dealing with the problem above, conversion of units
is necessary. Convert the given magnitude with
kilometer as unit to a magnitude with meter in order
to the desired unit. The SI unit of displacement is
meter (m). It not necessary to convert the unit hour
since the all the given use the same.
Solution:
1. Convert 45 km/hr to m/hr
45 𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚
( ℎ𝑟 ) ( 1 𝑘𝑚 ) = 4.5 𝑥 104 𝑚/ℎ𝑟
2. Use the given magnitudes and substitute it to the equation.
𝟏
𝒙= (𝝊 + 𝛖)𝐭
𝟐 𝟎
1 1.3 𝑥105 𝑚 4.5 𝑥 104 m
𝑥 = [( )+( )] (1.4ℎ𝑟)
2 ℎ𝑟 hr
1 𝑚
𝑥 = (1.8 𝑥 105 ) (1.4ℎ𝑟)
2 ℎ𝑟
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒎
2. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐0 = 7.6 𝑥 1021 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝜐 = 8.9 𝑥 1018 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝑥 = 3.9 𝑥 109 𝑘𝑚
Find: t, expressed in seconds
Analysis / Reasoning: First, you have to derive the formula for time from the
2nd equation of kinematics. For this problem, you
may continue with the substitution to find time
without converting the units to meter. You may do
the conversion in your final answer.
Solution:
1. Derive the formula form the 2nd equation.
𝟏
𝒙= (𝝊 + 𝛖)𝐭
𝟐 𝟎
2𝑥 (𝜐0 + υ)t
=
(𝜐0 + υ) (𝜐0 + υ)
𝟐𝒙
𝒕=
(𝝊𝟎 + 𝛖)
2. Use the formula to solve for time.
𝟐𝒙
𝒕=
(𝝊𝟎 + 𝛖)

12
 2(3.9 𝑥 109𝑘𝑚)
𝑡=
7.6 𝑥 1021 𝑘𝑚 8.9 𝑥 1018 𝑘𝑚
( + )
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
9
7.8 𝑥 10 𝑘𝑚 ℎ𝑟
𝑡=( )( )
1 7.6 𝑥 1021 𝑘𝑚
𝒕 = 𝟏. 0 𝑥 10−12 ℎ𝑟
3. For the final answer, convert it to seconds.
1.0 𝑥 10−12 ℎ𝑟 60 𝑠
( ) (1 ℎ𝑟) = 6.0 𝑥 10−11 𝑠
1
𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 𝒔

Physics Challenge 2.2

1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐0 = 4.7 𝑛𝑚/𝑠
𝑥 = 1.8 𝑚
𝑡 = 1.3 𝜇𝑠
Find: 𝝊
Solution:

2. Given: At constant acceleration:

𝜐0 = 7.01 x 10−12 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝜐 = 1.6 𝑥 10−19 𝑚/𝑠
𝑥 = 27 𝑝𝑚
Find: 𝒕
Solution:

13
 C. Solving for displacement (x) given initial velocity and time at
constant acceleration.

1. The equation is derived from the 2nd equation of kinematics above:

𝟏
𝒙= (𝝊 + 𝛖)𝐭
𝟐 𝟎
2. Since the final velocity is not given in the problem, we use substitute
the formula in 1st kinematic equation to substitute for 𝛖.

𝟏
𝒙= (𝝊 + 𝛖)𝐭 Note:
𝟐 𝟎
Some references expand
𝟏 the displacement x to 𝒙 −
𝒙= [𝝊 + (𝝊𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕)]𝐭 𝒙𝟎 . Doing so allows one to
𝟐 𝟎 utilize initial position.
3. Applying algebraic operations to simplify the equation:
𝟏 The 3rd Kinematic equation
𝒙 = [𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + (𝝊𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕)𝐭] can be written as:
𝟐
--------------------------------------]]] Distributing t to the variables 𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 = (𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝝊𝟎 𝐭 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐 )
𝟐
-------------------------------------]]] Adding like variables and multiplying by ½
𝟏
𝒙 = (𝟐𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐 ) This represents the This part is the additional
𝟐 displacement when the displacement when the
𝟐𝝊𝟎 𝒕 𝒂𝒕𝟐 acceleration is 0 and the velocity changes as time
𝑥= + velocity remains constant. increases.
2 2
𝟏
4. At such, the 3rd Kinematic Equation will be: 𝒙 = 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝟐
Sample Problem:
1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐0 = 25 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 12 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 36 𝑠
Find: x
Analysis / Reasoning: Using the 3rd kinematic equation, you will be able to
solve for the displacement by substituting the given
values.
Solution:
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
1
𝑥 = (25 m/s)(36s) + (12 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(36𝑠)2
2
𝒙 = 𝟖𝟔𝟕𝟔 𝒎
2. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐0 = 25 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 12 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 36 𝑠
𝑥 = 8676 𝑚

14
Find: 𝑥0
Analysis / Reasoning: Since the problem is asking for you to find initial
position, you may use the formula with expanded displacement. Transpose
the desired variable, 𝒙𝟎 , to rearrange the equation.
Solution:
1. Transpose the initial velocity and final velocity.
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
1 2
−1 [−𝑥0 = −𝑥 + 𝜐0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 ]
2
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙𝟎 = 𝒙 − 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 − 𝒂𝒕
𝟐
2. Substitute the given values.
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙𝟎 = 𝒙 − 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 − 𝒂𝒕
𝟐
1
𝑥0 = (8676 𝑚) − (25 𝑚/𝑠 𝑥 36𝑠) − (12𝑚/𝑠 2 )(36𝑠 )2
2
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 m
Physics Challenge 2.3
1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐0 = 5.3 𝑥 102 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 7.2 𝑥 103 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 36 𝑠
Find: 𝑥
Solution:

2. Given: At constant acceleration:

𝜐0 = 34 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 11 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 18 𝑠
𝑥 = 3376 𝑚
Find: 𝑥0
Solution:

15
 D. When initial and final velocities and acceleration are known for
a linear motion.

1. Using 2nd equation of kinematics, we substitute t with the formula

𝜐− 𝑣
( 𝑎 0) derived from the concept of acceleration.
𝟏 𝜐− 𝑣0
𝒙 = 𝟐 (𝝊𝟎 + 𝛖)( )
𝑎
-------------------------------]]] Applying algebraic operation: FOIL Method
𝟐 𝟐
𝝊 + 𝝊𝟎
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
------------------------]]] Cross multiplying
𝟐𝒂𝒙 = 𝝊 𝟐 + 𝝊𝟎 𝟐
2. Rearranging by transposing variables gives us the 4th kinematic
equation:
Note:

Like in the 3rd equation, some references expand

the displacement x to 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 . Doing so allows one
to utilize initial position.
𝝊𝟐 = 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙
The 4th Kinematic equation can be written as:

𝝊𝟐 = 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )
Sample Problem:
1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐0 = 3.43 𝑥 10−36 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 4.82 𝑥 103 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑥 = 9.26 𝑥 1025 𝑚
Find: 𝝊
Solution:
𝝊𝟐 = 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙
𝜐 2 = (3.43 𝑥 10−36 𝑚/𝑠)2 + 2(4.82 𝑥 103 𝑚/𝑠 2 )( 9.26 𝑥 1025 𝑚)
𝜐 2 = (1.18 𝑥10−71 𝑚2 /𝑠 2 ) + (8.93 𝑥 1029 𝑚2 /𝑠 2 )
𝜐 2 = 8.93 𝑥 1029 𝑚2 /𝑠 2
√𝜐 2 = √8.93 𝑥 1029 𝑚2 /𝑠 2
𝝊 = 𝟗. 𝟒𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒎/𝒔

16
 Physics Challenge 2.4
1. Given: At constant acceleration:
𝜐 = 12.98 𝑥 1022 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 4.5 𝑥 103 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑥 = 3.2 𝑥 1012 𝑚
Find: 𝜐0
Solution:

2. Given: At constant acceleration:

𝜐0 = 3.60 𝑛𝑚/𝑠
𝑥 = 5.6 𝑛𝑚
𝜐 = 4.60 𝑛𝑚/𝑠
Find: 𝒂
Solution:

To master all of these equations, you have to

always remember the concepts used to derive
them. Practice using them so that they will
stay in your long term memory.
For more activities visit:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Les
son-6/Sample-Problems-and-Solutions

17
 The kinematic equations are derived from the fundamental concepts of
motion such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration. In all of the problem
that you will deal with using the kinematic equations, you have to make sure
that the acceleration is constant or uniform.
The 1st equation,( 𝝊 = 𝝊𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕), deals with finding the final velocity. The
concept used in deriving the equation is simply the definition for acceleration.
The 1st equation, denotes: a.) when a=0 m/s2 the final velocity (𝝊) is equal to
the initial velocity; b.) when the acceleration is not equal to zero, the final
velocity (𝝊) is equal to the sum of the initial velocity and the product of
acceleration and time.
𝟏
The 2nd equation, (𝒙 = 𝟐 (𝝊𝟎 + 𝝊)𝒕), helps you find the displacement
variable. The equation started from the equation of average velocity. It is
computed by dividing the change in displacement (𝚫𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 ) by the change
in time(𝚫𝒕 = 𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎 ). The equation for average velocity was simplified to
𝒙
𝝊𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 = 𝒕 , after considering that the initial position and time are equal to
zero. This happen mostly in problem where motion starts at rest and time is
recorded using stopwatch method. The final step in deriving the 2nd equation
involved the incorporation of the characteristic of average velocity when
acceleration is constant. This characteristic is that average velocity is
computed by dividing initial and final velocities by two. In your solutions, you
have to be careful of writing the symbol for time (t) and the addition symbol
(+).
𝟏
The 3rd equation, (𝒙 = 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝟐 ), uses the first and second equations
of kinematics. This is done when less than three variables are given and one
of them is the final velocity (𝝊). The 3rd equation denotes that, the
displacement is equal to the sum of the two products: product of initial
velocity and time and half of the product of acceleration and time squared.
The 4th equation, (𝝊𝟐 = 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙), can be used when initial velocity,
acceleration and displacement are given. The derivation process involved the
2nd equation of kinematics and the equation for time derived from acceleration
formula. To find the final velocity, you have to remember that the last step is
to solve for the square root of 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙. By doing so, you will be able to cancel
the units and arrive at the SI unit of velocity (m/s).
The previous sample problems and practice problems highlighted your
skills in solving for unknown quantities given specific values for each
variables. In this part, you will deal with word problems that focus on
uniformly accelerated motion. You have to understand the problem and
analyze the physics concepts that can be used in solving the problem. The
concepts are also related in the deriving process of the kinematic equations.

18
 The table below summarizes the kinematic equations and the variables
present in each. With the table, you can assess through the given values the
most appropriate equation to find the desired variable.
In cases when the given variables are not enough to use any of the
equations above, that indicates that derivation of a new equation is necessary.
Most of the times, the derivation involves combination of two kinematic
equations to lessen the missing variables. The main rule in using an equation
of kinematics is that there should be three given variables.

Variables Given in the Problem Legend

Equations
x a 𝝊 𝝊𝟎 t 𝝊 = final velocity
(1) 𝜐 = 𝜐0 + 𝑎𝑡 - / ? / / a = acceleration
1
(2) 𝑥 = 2 (𝜐0 + 𝜐)𝑡 ? - / / / x =displacement
1 𝝊𝟎 = initial
(3) 𝑥 = 𝜐0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 velocity
2 ? / - / /
t = time
(4) 𝜐 2 = 𝜐0 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 / / ? / -

Start first by understanding how the sample problems below are solved.

Sample Problem 1
The speedboat has a constant acceleration of +2.0 m/s2. If the initial
velocity of the boat is +6.0 m/s, find the boat’s displacement after 8 seconds.

Given: At constant acceleration:

𝜐0 = +6.0 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = +2.0 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 8.0 𝑠
Find: 𝑥
Analysis / Reasoning:
1. Looking at the table above, initially have two kinematic equations
that we can use: Equations (2) and (3).
2. Considering all the given values, you can see that equation (3) is the
best option to solve the problem.
3. Look at the derivation process of equation 3 and see how concepts
are applicable in this problem.

19
Solution:

𝟏
𝒙 = 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐 Eq. (3)
𝟐
1
𝑥 = (+6.0 𝑚/𝑠) (8.0𝑠) + (+2.0 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(8.0𝑠)2
2
𝑥 = +110 𝑚

Sample Problem 2
A jet is taking off from the deck of an aircraft carrier. Starting from rest,
the jet is catapulted with a constant acceleration of +31m/s2 along a straight
line and reaches a velocity of +62 m/s. Find the displacement of the jet.

Given: At constant acceleration:

𝜐0 = 0 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = +31 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝜐 = +62 𝑚/𝑠
Find: 𝑥
Analysis / Reasoning:
1. Key words in the problem are very easy to find like; constant
acceleration and starting from rest. These gives you more data
to understand the problem.
2. Considering all the given values, you can see that equation (4) is the
best option to solve the problem.
3. Look at the derivation process of equation (4) and see how concepts
are applicable in this problem. Take note of how the clues
mentioned shaped the derived formula.
Solution:
𝝊𝟐 = 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙 Eq. (4)
Rearrange the formula through algebraic methods to find x:
𝜐 2 − 𝜐0 2
𝑥=
2𝑎 𝝊𝟐 = 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙
(+62 𝑚/𝑠)2 − (0 𝑚/𝑠)2
𝑥= 2𝑎𝑥 = 𝝊𝟐 − 𝝊𝟎 𝟐
2(+31 𝑚/𝑠 2 )
2𝑎𝑥 𝝊𝟐 − 𝝊𝟎 𝟐
=
3 844 𝑚2 /𝑠 2 2𝑎 2𝑎
𝑥=
62 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝝊𝟐 − 𝝊𝟎 𝟐
𝒙 = +𝟔𝟐 𝒎 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
20
Sample Problem 3
A motorcyclist heading east through a small town accelerates at a
constant acceleration of 4.0 m/s2 after he leaves the city limits. At time t=0,
he is 5.0 m east of the city limits signpost, moving east at 15 m/s.
a. Find his position and velocity at t= 2.0 s.
b. where is he when his velocity is 25 m/s?

Given: At constant acceleration:

𝜐0 = 15 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 4.0 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 0𝑠 the displacement 𝑥 = 5.0 𝑚
Find: 𝑎. ) 𝜐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2.0 𝑠
𝑏. ) 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝜐 = 25 𝑚/𝑠
Analysis / Reasoning:
1. With the help of the diagram, you can easily visualize the motion
involved in the problem. In your drawings, you can use arrows
and dots to indicate objects and their motion.
2. For letter a, you can use equation (3) with the expanded displacement
and equation (1). Substitute the given values and perform the
operation. The cancellation of units is a quick method in
checking if your solution or process is correct.
3. For letter b, you can use equation (4) in order to solve for the final
position when velocity is 25 m/s.
Solution:
𝟏
a. 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝝊𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝟐 Eq. (1)

1
𝑥 = (5.0 𝑚) + (15 m/s)(2𝑠) + (4.0 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(2.0 𝑠)2
2
𝒙 = 𝟒𝟑 𝒎

b. 𝝊𝟐 = 𝝊𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 ) Eq. (4)

𝜐 2 − 𝜐0 2
𝑥 = 𝑥0 +
2𝑎

(25 𝑚/𝑠)2 − (15 𝑚/𝑠)2

𝑥 = 5.0 𝑚 +
2(4.0 𝑚/𝑠 2 )
𝒙 = 𝟓𝟓 𝒎

21
Physics Challenge 3
Instructions: Read and understand the word problems below. Answer each
using the most appropriate equation kinematics or equation derived from the
kinematic equation. In a piece of paper write your complete solutions for the
problem with given and find.

1. A motorcycle ride consists of two segments, as shown in Figure below.

During segment 1, the motorcycle starts from rest, has an acceleration of
+2.6 m/s2, and has a displacement of +120 m. Immediately after segment
1, the motorcycle enters segment 2 and begins slowing down with an
acceleration of -1.5 m/s2 until its velocity is +12 m/s. What is the
displacement of the motorcycle during segment 2?

2. You apply the brakes for 3.00 s, and the velocity of the car decreases to
+4.50 m/s. The car’s deceleration has a magnitude of 2.70 m/s2 during
this time. What is the car’s displacement?

3. The left ventricle of the heart accelerates blood from rest to a velocity of +26
cm/s. (a) If the displacement of the blood during the acceleration is +2.0 cm,
determine its acceleration (in cm/s2). (b) How much time does blood take to
reach its final velocity?

Challenge Yourself!
4. A motorist travelling with a constant speed of 1.5 x 104 m/s passes a
school-crossing corner, where the speed limit is 1.0 x 102 m/s. Just as the
motorist passes the school-crossing sign, a police officer on a motorcycle
stopped there starts in pursuit with a constant acceleration of 3.0 x 102
m/s 2.
a. How much time elapses before the officer passes the motorist?
b. What is the officer’s speed at that time?
c. At that time, what distance has each vehicle traveled?

22
 Linear motion deals with forward and backward motion or along the x-
axis. There are also motions that follow up and down direction or along the y-
axis. The saying “What goes up always goes down” exhibits this kind of
motion. When air resistance and friction are not considered, we call the
motion as free fall.
The acceleration of a free falling
Why neglect air resistance and friction? What
body is called acceleration due to
gravity. It is denoted by the letter “g” happens when a feather and bowling ball are
with a value of -9.8 m/s2. The dropped at the same time in a void
negative sign expresses that the container?
acceleration is moving downward or
towards the center of the earth.
Like in the previous
discussion, since the acceleration is
due to gravity it will remain constant
inside a particular planet. Therefore,
you can use the kinematic equations
by changing a to g and using y
instead of x to indicate displacement
of motion along the vertical or y-axis.

Deriving the equations for free fall, we have:

Kinematic Equations Free-fall Equations
(1) 𝜐 = 𝜐0 + 𝑎𝑡 (1) 𝜐 = 𝜐0 + 𝒈𝑡
1 1
2) 𝑥 = (𝜐0 + 𝜐)𝑡 (2) 𝒚 = 2 (𝜐0 + 𝜐)𝑡
2
1 1
(3)𝑥 = 𝜐0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 (3)𝒚 = 𝜐0 𝑡 + 𝒈𝑡 2
2 2
(4)𝜐 2 = 𝜐0 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 (4) 𝜐 2 = 𝜐0 2 + 𝟐𝒈𝑦

Sample Problem 1

23
 A stone is dropped from rest from
the top of a tall building. After 3.00 s of
free-fall, what is the displacement y of
the stone? After 3.00 s of free-fall, what
is the velocity v of the stone?
Given:
𝜐0 = 0 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 3.0 𝑠
Find: a. 𝒚
b. 𝝊
Analysis / Reasoning:
The upward direction is chosen as the positive direction. The three known
variables are shown in the given above. The initial velocity of the stone is zero,
because the stone is dropped from rest. The acceleration due to gravity is
negative, since it points downward in the negative direction.
Solution:
a.
1
𝒚 = 𝜐0 𝑡 + 2 𝒈𝑡 2 Eq. (3)
1
𝒚 = (0 𝑚/𝑠)(3.0 𝑠) + (−9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 ) 2
2
𝒚 = −44.1 𝑚
(The negative sign indicates the
downward direction of the displacement.)
b.
𝝊 = 𝜐0 + 𝒈𝑡 Eq. (1)
2
𝝊 = 0 𝑚/𝑠 + (−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 )(3.0 𝑠)
𝝊 = −29.4 𝑚/𝑠
(The negative sign indicates the
downward direction of the velocity.)

Free fall motion problem does not always involve

downward motion. Look at the picture on the right and notice
that we can also solve for the upward motion. The coin is an
example of a free falling object. The motion may be upward
or downward but both will always be influenced by 𝒈 =
−𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 .

Study the picture and notice the vector representation of the initial
and final velocities. Are they equal? _________________

Yes, they are equal and this indicates another interesting characteristic
of free fall motion. The asymmetric characteristic indicates that at any
displacement y above the point of release, the coin’s speed during the upward
trip equals the speed at the same point during the downward trip.

24
Sample Problem 2
You throw a ball vertically upward from the roof of a tall building. The
ball leaves your hand at a point even with the roof railing with an upward
speed of 15 m/s; the ball is then in free fall. On its way back down, it is just
misses the railing. Find (a.) the ball’s position and velocity 4s after leaving
your hand; (b) the ball’s velocity when it is 5 m above the railing; (c) the
maximum height reached; (d) the ball’s acceleration when it is at its maximum
height.

Given:
𝜐0 = +15 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
Find: a. 𝒚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒗 𝑎𝑡 4𝑠
b. 𝝊 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡 5𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔
c. maximum y
d. a at maximum height
Solution:
a. y and v at 4s
1
𝒚 = 𝜐0 𝑡 + 𝒈𝑡 2
2
1
𝒚 = (+15 𝑚/𝑠)(4𝑠) + (−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(4𝑠)2
2

𝒚 = −𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 𝒎

𝜐 = 𝜐0 + 𝒈𝑡
𝜐 = (+15𝑚/𝑠) + (−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(4𝑠)
𝝊 = −𝟐𝟒. 𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
b. 𝝊 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡 5𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜐 2 = 𝜐0 2 + 𝟐𝒈𝑦

𝜐 = √(+15 𝑚/𝑠)2 + 𝟐(−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(5𝑚)

𝝊 = ±𝟏𝟏. 𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
c. maximum y: At the instant at which the ball reaches its maximum
eight, its y-velocity is momentarily zero: v = 0.
𝜐 2 = 𝜐0 2 + 𝟐𝒈𝑦
(0𝑚/𝑠)2 = (+15 𝑚/𝑠)2 + 𝟐(−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )𝑦

25
 0 = 225 𝑚2 /𝑠 2 + (−19.6 𝑚/𝑠 2 )𝑦
d. a at maximum height
(19.6 𝑚/𝑠2 )𝑦 225 𝑚2 /𝑠2
= 𝑎 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
(19.6 𝑚/𝑠2 ) (19.6 𝑚/𝑠2 )

𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎

Physics Challenge 4
Instructions: Read and understand the word problem below. Answer it using
the most appropriate free fall equation or equation derived from the free fall
equation. In a piece of paper write your complete solutions for the problem
with given and find.

A boy tosses a coin with a velocity of +1.47 m/s. Find:

a. the maximum height reached by the coin,
b. time of flight,
c. velocity when the coin returns to the hand.
Suppose the boy failed to catch the coin and the coin goes to the
ground. The boy’s hand is 4.9 x 10-1 m above the ground.
d. With what velocity will it strike the ground?

I. Enumeration: Analyze the statement below and provided the needed

information.
1. Derive the equation for velocity when the initial velocity, displacement and
constant acceleration are given.

𝟏
2. Derive equation for free fall motion using 𝒚 = (𝝊𝟎 + 𝝊)𝒕, and 𝝊 = 𝝊𝟎 + 𝒈𝒕.
𝟐

26
II. Word Problem: Read and analyze the problem carefully and explain your
answers. Show your complete solution.
1. An airplane accelerates down a runway at 4.50 m/s2 for 28.6s until it
finally lifts off the ground. Determine the distance travelled before
takeoff.

2. Andeng accidentally throws upwards the purse of her mother when she
slipped. The purse travelled with an initial velocity of 26.2 m/s.
Determine the height to which the purse will rise above its initial
height.

Linear motion and free fall motion can be easily understood with the
help of the different equations. What you always have to remember is that in
these motions, the acceleration is held constant or uniform.

27
 Let us apply the concepts you learned in this module. Think of
situations around you that exhibits uniformly accelerated motion and free fall
motion.
Your task: Make a sample problem that is contextualized to your
environment. The problem should focus on uniformly accelerated motion or
free fall motion. You can use vehicles or objects found in your area as objects
of your own problems.

Congratulations in
finishing this module.
Keep it up! <3

I. TRUE or FALSE: Study the statement/s carefully. Write T if the

statement/s is/are correct and F if the statement is wrong.
______ 1. An object moves with a constant acceleration of 3.2 m/s2 from
an initial velocity of 2.1 m/s, it will reach a final velocity of 18.1
m/s after 5s.
______ 2. The graph of acceleration vs time is a diagonal straight line
indicating constant rate of change in acceleration.
______ 3. The kinematic equations are applicable in all motion including
free fall motion.

28
______ 4. Free fall motion is an idealized where in the acceleration is held
constant by neglecting air resistance and friction.
______ 5. Free fall and uniformly accelerated motion can be understood
with similar set of equations.
II. Problem Solving: Analyze the problem and write list down the given and
required. Write your complete solution in solving the
problem on the space provided.
1. A jetliner, traveling northward, is landing with a speed of 69 m/s. Once the
jet touches down, it has 750 m of runway in which to reduce its speed to
6.1 m/s. Compute the average acceleration (magnitude and direction) of
the plane during landing.

2. A dynamite blast at a quarry launches a chunk of rock straight upward,

and 2.0 s later it is rising at a speed of 15 m/s. Assuming air resistance
has no effect on the rock, calculate its speed (a) at launch and (b) 5.0 s
after launch.

a. Velocity – the change in displacement in an elapsed time, in symbols:

Δ𝑥
𝜐= SI unit: m/s
Δ𝑡
b. Acceleration – change in velocity in an elapsed time, in symbols:
Δ𝜐
𝑎= SI unit: m/s2
Δ𝑡
c. Displacement - The displacement is a vector that points from an object’s
initial position to its final position and has a magnitude that equals
the shortest distance between the two positions. SI unit: m

29
d. Free fall – idealized motion in which air resistance is neglected or not
considered and acceleration is constant.
e. Kinematics – deals with the concepts that are needed to describe
motion, without any reference to forces.
f. Uniform Motion – motion wherein velocity is constant, the acceleration
is zero and the instantaneous velocity is equal to the average velocity.
g. Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion – Straight line motion where
in velocity is changing at a constant rate within time intervals as a
result of constant acceleration.

Pre- Test
I. True or False
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F
II. Problem Solving
1. 2 m/s2 2. 0.11 m
Learning Activities
A. Elicit
Physics Challenge 1.1
a. 130 m b. 92.2 m
Physics Challenge 1.2
The space shuttle will cover 9 times of a football field.
Physics Challenge 1.3
𝜐 = +2.8 𝑚/𝑠

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B. Engage

18
17
16 1. Describe the line formed by the velocity –
15 time graph.
14
13 Diagonally straight line
12
Velocity (m/s)

2. Solve for the slope of the graph.

11
10
m = rise / run
9 m=2
8 3. The value of the slope is equivalent to
7 acceleration.
6
5 4. What would the graph of acceleration vs
4 time look like?
3 Horizontal line
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time (s)

C. Explore
Physics Challenge 2.1
1. 7.46 m/s 2. 𝜐0 = 1.2 𝑥 10−8 𝑚/𝑠
Physics Challenge 2.2
1. 𝜐 = 2.8 𝑥 106 𝑚/𝑠 2. 𝑡 = 7.7 𝑠
Physics Challenge 2.3
1. 𝑥 = 4.7 𝑥 106 𝑚 2. 𝑥0 = 982 𝑚
Physics Challenge 2.4
1. 𝜐0 = 1.3 𝑥 1023 𝑚/𝑠 2. 𝑎 = 7.32 𝑥 10−10 𝑚/𝑠 2

D. Explain
Physics Challenge 3
1. 𝑥 = +160 𝑚 2. 𝑥 = +25.7 𝑚
3. a.) 𝑎 = 1.7 𝑥 102 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2
b.) 𝑡 = 0.15 𝑠
Challenge Yourself
a. 𝑡 = 10 𝑠
b. 𝜐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟 = 30 𝑚/𝑠
c. 𝑥𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡 = 150 𝑚
d. 𝑥𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟 = 150 𝑚

E. Elaborate
Physics Challenge 4
a. 𝑦 = 11.0 𝑚 c. 𝜐 = −14.7 𝑚/𝑠
b. 𝑡 = 1.50 𝑠 d. 𝜐 = −15 𝑚/𝑠

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F. Evaluate
I. Enumeration
1. Derivation process for equation 4:
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝟐 (𝝊𝟎 + 𝛖)𝐭
𝟏 𝜐− 𝑣0
𝒙 = 𝟐 (𝝊𝟎 + 𝛖)( )
𝑎
----------------]]]Applying algebraic operation: FOIL Method
𝟐 𝟐
𝝊 + 𝝊𝟎
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
------------]]] Cross multiplying
𝟐𝒂𝒙 = 𝝊𝟐 + 𝝊𝟎 𝟐
2. Derivation process for free fall equation 4:
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝟐 (𝝊𝟎 + 𝛖)𝐭
𝟏 𝜐− 𝑣0
𝒚 = 𝟐 (𝝊𝟎 + 𝛖)( )
𝑔
----------------]]]Applying algebraic operation: FOIL Method
𝟐 𝟐
𝝊 + 𝝊𝟎
𝒚=
𝟐𝒈
------------]]] Cross multiplying
𝟐𝒈𝒚 = 𝝊𝟐 + 𝝊𝟎 𝟐

II. Problem Solving

1. x = 1840.4 m
2. x = 35.0 m
G. Extend / Assignment
1. C, as discussed the equation of kinematics can only be used for
uniformly accelerated motion.

2. B, both stone will be hit the nest at the same time due to the
symmetric characteristics of free fall motion.

Post- Test
I. True or False
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T

II. Problem Solving

1. 𝑎 = −3.15 𝑚/𝑠 2 2. a.) 𝝊 = 35 𝑚/𝑠
b.) 𝝊 = 14 𝑚/𝑠

32
1. Physics, John D. Cutnell and Kenneth W. Johnson, 8th edition, p. 35 –
47.
2. University Physics, Hugh D. Young and Roger A. freedman, 13th Edition
p. 35 – 55.
3. Physics, Angelica A. Silverion, 2nd edition p. 50 – 67.
4. General Physics 1, Early Sol A. Gadong & Raphael V. Belleza p. 38 – 53.
5. Skydiving image: https://images.app.goo.gl/36E4TRKeGzBoXjGT6
6. Cycling image: https://images.app.goo.gl/nWzo5yL5DUhinMv8A
7. Roller coaster image: https://images.app.goo.gol/LU6ycLjA3bYGRSt28
8. Feather vs Bowling ball experiment: https://youtu.be/E43-CfukEgs
9. Kinematic Equations:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-
6/Sample-Problems-and-Solutions
10. Free fall motion:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-
5/Introduction
11. Equation of Kinematics and free Fall motion:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-
6/Kinematic-Equations-and-Free-fall
12. Supplementary video reference:
https://youtu.be/m6GprGdSQU8
https://youtu.be/hrAOSknrYil
https://youtu.be/jERBUNG4XhM

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