109

STRUCTURAL
ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS

Lateral

Lateral hearts oesophageal

Dorsal vessel hearts
14 15 166
5 67s 9 10 11 12 Commissural
vessel
3
AAAAARA

Subneural
vessel

Lateral oesphageal Ventral Anterior

vessel vessel loops

Figure 7.11 Closed circulatory sy[tem

The excretory organs o c c u r assegmentally

coiled tubules called nephridia
arranged
of three types:
(sing.: nephridiun). They are

both the sides of

i) septal nephridia. present o n
15 to the last
Mouth intersegmental septa of segment
Ducts of
that open into intestine. (ii) integumentary
pharyngeal of the body wall of
Buccal cavity- nephridia nephridia. attached to lining
the body
segment 3 to the last that open on
Pharypx- surface and (ii) pharyngeal nephridia. present
and 6th
Blood glands Tufts of as three paired tufts in the 4th, 5th
pharyngeal of
segments (Figure 7.12). These different types
nephridia in structure.
nephridia are basically similar
volume and composition
Nephridia regulate the
fluids. A nephridium starts out a s a
Integumentary of the body coelomic
nephridia funnel that collects excess fluid from
chamber. The funnel connects with a tubular part
the wastes
Forests of of the nephridium which delivers
a pore to the surface in the body
wall
integumentary through
nephridia into the digestive tube.

Septal Nervous system is basically represented by

on the ventral
nephridia
ganglia arranged segmentwise
cord in the anterior
paired nerve cord. The nerve
region (3rd and 4th segments) bifurcates, laterally
in earthworm
Figure 7.12 Nephridial system encircling the pharynx and joins the cerebral
cerebral
ganglia dorsally to form a nerve ring. The
other in the ring
ganglia alongwith nerves

well as command
integrate sensory input as
muscular responses of the body.