HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY

CORRELATION COURSE
Module 2

Prepared by: Padilla Review Center – Manila

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS PROBLEM 6:

PROBLEM 3: How many different letter arrangements
A differential equation (or "DE") contains The amount of bacteria in a certain can be made from the letters in the word
derivatives or differentials culture increases at a rate proportional to STATISTICS?
 First order DE: Contains only first the number present. If the amount of
derivatives bacteria doubles every day, how many II. Circular Permutation
 Second order DE: Contains second weeks will the number of bacteria triple? (or Circular arrangement):
derivatives (and possibly first a. Taken all at a time – all things distinct or
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS different
derivatives also)
 Degree: The highest power of the
n P cn=(n – 1) !
FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING PRINCIPLE:
highest derivative which occurs in the If an operation can be performed in n1 b. Taken all things at a time some things
DE. ways, and if for each of these a second are identical
operation can be performed in n2 ways, (n – 1)!
Other Applications: and for each of the first two a third n P cn=
- RL Circuits Application operation can be performed in n3 ways,
i 1 ! i2 ! … in !
- Bernoulli’s Energy Equation and so forth, then the sequence of k
- Terminal Velocity of Skydiver operations can be performed in c. Not all are taken at a time – all things
- Newton’s Law of Cooling n1 ×n 2 × …× nk ways distinct or different
- Falling Object n P cr=(n C r )(r – 1)!
PERMUTATION:
ORDER and DEGREE: - is the grouping of things whose PROBLEM 7:
Once upon a time, a tea party was
( )
2 3
d y dy arrangement is important.
a. + −4 x + y=14 organized by Lady Whistledown
dx
2
dx exclusively for ladies. In how many ways
I. Linear Permutation:
a. Taken all at a time – all things distinct or can 6 ladies be seated at round table if:

( dydx ) −4 x=3 sin x−sin y

5
different. a. They can sit anywhere?
b.
b. 2 particular ladies must not sit
n P n=n!
next to each other?
b. Taken r at a time – all things distinct or
Ordinary Differential Equation III. Permutation by Group
different.
n! PG =G! n 1 ! n 2 ! .. .
dx n P r= Where:
1. =5 x −3 (n – r )! G = Number of groups
dt
n1 = Number of things in group 1
dy 2 3 c. Taken all at a time – some things are
2. =7 y x identical.
n2 = Number of things in group 2
dx
n! PROBLEM 8:
n P∋¿
First Order Derivative i1 ! i2 ! … in ! There are 12 books. Of these there are 5
Where: Applied Math, 3 Hydraulics, and 4 books
1. dy +7 xdx=0, find a particular i1 = number of type 1 identical things on Structural Engineering. In how many
solution given that y(0)=3. i2 = number of type 2 identical things ways can they be arranged in a shelf if the
2. Find a particular solution of y’=10 three subjects are to be grouped
given that when x=0, y=9. PROBLEM 4: together?
3. Find a particular solution of y’’=x Given the following digits: 4, 3, 5, 8, 9 and
1. COMBINATION
given that y(2)=3, y’(10)=4. - is the grouping of things whose
a. How many three-digit numbers
dy y can be made without repeating arrangement is not important.
4. ln x− =0
dx x any digit? a. All things distinct or different
b. How many three-digit numbers
PROBLEM 1: can be made such that the digits n P r n!
A radioactive element – Cobalt 60 follows can be repeated?
nC r= =
r! (n – r)! r!
the “law of exponential change” and has a c. How many three-digit numbers
half-life of 5.3 years. less than 500 can be made b. Combination of things 1, 2, 3, 4 or n
a. How long does it take for 80% of without repeating any digit? taken at a time
the radioactivity of the element to n
C=2 −1
be dissipated? PROBLEM 5:
b. What percentage of radioactive In one year, three awards (research, PROBLEM 9:
remains after 1 year? teaching, and service) will be given to a How many number-combinations are
class of 25 graduate students in a statistics there in lotto 6/55?
PROBLEM 2: department. If each student can receive at
Find the equation of the family of most one award, how many possible PROBLEM 10:
orthogonal trajectories of the system of selections are there? Given 5 non-collinear points in a plane.
parabola y2=3x+C.
a. How many lines can be drawn?
 HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
CORRELATION COURSE
Module 2

Prepared by: Padilla Review Center – Manila

b. How many triangles can be A coin is so unbalanced that you are likely Find the ordinary simple interest on ₱1,
drawn? to get two heads in two successive throws 500.00 for 4 months and 20 days at an
as you are to get tails in one. What is the interest rate of 5%.
PROBLEM 11: probability of getting heads in a single
An urn contains 4 red and 5 blue balls. throw? COMPOUND INTEREST- interest is
Compute how many ways can we draw A. .667 C. .5 computed every end of each interest
from the urn B. .618 D. .8123 period and the interest earned for that
a. Exactly 3 blue balls period is added to the principal.
b. Exactly 2 blue balls and 1 red ball PROBLEM 15:
c. If 4 balls are drawn, compute the Box A contains 5 red cars and 3 white Key formulas:
number of ways selecting at least card, and Box B contains 2 red cards and 6 n
F=P ( 1+i )
3 blue balls. white cards.
a. If a card is drawn from each box, what Convert Nominal Rate to Effective Rate:
PROBABILITY is the probability that they are both of By 1 Peso – 1 Year Analysis
- it is the level of expectation in number the same color.
( )
m
form (from 0% to 100%) that certain A. 7/16 C. 45/1024 ( 1+i )1 year = 1+ j
outcome will happen. A probability of zero B. ¾ D. ½ m
(0) means that surely, said outcome will m = number of nominal periods per year
not happen, while a probability of 100% b. If two cards are drawn from each box,
indicates that said outcome will surely what is the probability that all four cards Take Note!
happen. are the same color. Compounded… Value of m
D A. 55/78 C. 59/784 Annually 1
Probability= B. 57/78 D. 61/784 Semi-Annually 2
T
No. of D esired outcome  Quarterly 4
P= PROBLEM 16: Bi-Monthly 6
T otal no. of possible outcomes  A food inspector examined a random Monthly 12
sample of 15 cans of a certain tuna brand Convert Discounted Rate to Effective Rate:
Let: to determine the percent of foreign By 1 Peso – 1 Year Analysis
PN = probability that an event will not impurities. The following data were
happen ( 1 – d ) ( 1+ i )n =1
recorded:
PY = probability that an event will happen d = discounted interest rate
1.2, 2.1, 1.7, 1.6, 0.9, 2.7, 1.8, 2.5, 2.0, 1.0,
PY + PN =1 i = effective annual interest
0.8, 2.0, 0.5, 1.3, 1.2.
a. Compute the sample mean.
Note: if there are three or more b. Compute the sample median. Continuous Compounding Interest
possibilities of corresponding probability c. Compute the sample mode. Formula
¿
P1, P2, P3 … Pn F=P e
Thus: ENGINEERING ECONOMY
P1 + P2+ P3+ …+ Pn=1 PROBLEM 18:
That is: Sum of all probabilities equals 1 SIMPLE INTEREST-interest that is closely A man deposited ₱5,000 on the date his
correlated to the length of time and son celebrated his 1st birthday. If money is
Multiple Probabilities: principal borrowed worth 10% compounded semi-annually,
what is the maximum amount the son can
P y =P1 × P2 × P3 ×… × Pn
Types of Simple Interest: withdraw on his 18th birthday?
Where: P1, P2, P3 = Independent
1. Ordinary simple interest – based on 30 a. ₱28,451 b. ₱32,145
probabilities
days per month or 360 days per year (also c. ₱26,267 d. ₱29,411
known as the banker’s year).
PROBLEM 12: Annuity- consists of a series of equal
If each coded item in a catalog begins with
2. Exact simple interest – based on 365 payments made at equal intervals of time.
3 distinct letters followed by 4 distinct
days per year or 366 days for a leap year.
nonzero digits, find the probability of
randomly selecting one of these coded
items with the first letter a vowel and the
Note: A year is leap year if it is divisible by
4 except when it is divisible by 100 but not
by 400.
F= A [
( 1+ i)n −1
i ]
[ ]
last digit even.
( 1+i )n−1
Key formulas: P= A m
PROBLEM 13: i ( 1+i )
If a letter is chosen at random from the I =Pin
n- number of payments
English alphabet, find the probability that F=P+ I=P(1+¿)
m- number of periods
the letter: Where:
a. is listed somewhere after the I = Interest
Types of Annuity:
letter g? P = present amount or capital
1. Ordinary Annuity - equal payments are
b. is listed somewhere ahead of the i = Interest rate
made at the end of each payment period
letter j? n = number of periods
starting from the first period.
c. is a vowel? F = future amount
2. Deferred Annuity - payment of the first
amount is deferred a certain number of
PROBLEM 14: PROBLEM 17:
periods after the first.
 HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
CORRELATION COURSE
Module 2

Prepared by: Padilla Review Center – Manila

3. Annuity Due - payments are made at

the start of each period, beginning from
the first period.
4. Perpetuity - periodic payments
continue indefinitely.

PROBLEM 19:
Engr. Aldous borrowed ₱100,000.00 and
promised to pay after 5 months at an
interest of 8% compounded monthly per
month. How much will Engr. Aldous pay?

PROBLEM 20:
A person borrowed ₱500,000 at an
interest rate of 18% compounded
monthly. Monthly payments of
₱12,968.31 are agreed upon. The length
of the loan in months closest to:
a. 64 b. 58
c. 40 d. 52

DEPRECIATION:
The first cost of a machine is
₱1,800,000.00 with a salvage value of
₱300,000.00 at the end of its life in 5
years. Determine the book value after 3
years using:
21. Straight Line Method.
a. ₱940,000 b. ₱759,200
c. ₱900,000 d. ₱800,000

22. Sum of Years Digit Method.

a. ₱850,000 b. ₱600,000
c. ₱790,500 d. ₱480,300

23. Double Declining Balance Method.

a. ₱589,560 b. ₱520,000
c. ₱388,800 d. ₱483,040

24. Declining Balance Method.

a. ₱589,560 b. ₱600,000
c. ₱614,302 d. ₱483,040