Recuperado de:

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/earth/inside-the-earth/rocks-article/

Lectura: Localización de ideas principales y secundarias.

Objetivos de Aprendizaje:
Vocabulario: Lectura en contexto.

Rocks (Stony Stalwarts)

( 5 ) Typically, granite makes up large parts of all the continents. The seafloor is formed of
a dark lava called basalt, the most common volcanic rock. Basalt is also found in volcanic
lava flows, such as those in Hawaii, Iceland, and large parts of the U.S. Northwest.

( 7 )Sedimentary rocks are formed from eroded fragments of other rocks or even from the
remains of plants or animals. The fragments accumulate in low-lying areas—lakes, oceans,
and deserts—and then are compressed back into rock by the weight of overlying materials.
Sandstone is formed from sand, mudstone from mud, and limestone from seashells,
diatoms, or bonelike minerals precipitating out of calcium-rich water.

(3 ) There are three basic types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

( 9 )Metamorphic rocks are sedimentary or igneous rocks that have been transformed by
pressure, heat, or the intrusion of fluids. The heat may come from nearby magma or hot
water intruding via hot springs. It can also come from subduction, when tectonic forces
draw rocks deep beneath the Earth's surface.

( 4 )Extremely common in the Earth's crust, igneous rocks are volcanic and form from
molten material. They include not only lava spewed from volcanoes, but also rocks like
granite, which are formed by magma that solidifies far underground.

( 10 ) Marble is metamorphosed limestone, quartzite is metamorphosed sandstone, and

gneiss, another common metamorphic rock, sometimes begins as granite

( 1 ) Rocks are so common that most of us take them for granted—cursing when we hit
them with the garden hoe or taking advantage of them to drive in tent pegs on summer
camping trips.
But what exactly is a rock?

( 6 ) Granite rocks can be very old. Some granite, in Australia, is believed to be more than
four billion years old, although when rocks get that old, they've been altered enough by
geological forces that it's hard to classify them.

( 8 ) Fossils are most frequently found in sedimentary rock, which comes in layers, called
strata.

(2 ) To geologists, a rock is a natural substance composed of solid crystals of different

minerals that have been fused together into a solid lump. The minerals may or may not
have been formed at the same time. What matters is that natural processes glued them all
together.

Prelectura

1.Discute las siguientes preguntas en parejas.

a. ¿Qué sabes acerca de la formación de las rocas? Una roca es una sustancia natural
que se compone de cristales solidos de diferentes minerales que se fusionan, algunas
se forman por restos de plantas o animales o forman principalmente en los lagos los
océano y desiertos.

b. ¿Cuántos tipos de rocas existen y cuáles son sus características? Tres tipos de rocas;
c. Las ígneas se forman a partir de un material fundido, es decir de la lava arrojada por
los volcanes, las sedimentarias se forman por fragmentos erosionados de otras rocas,
por restos de plantas o animales, se forman principalmente en los lagos los oceanos y
desiertos además de tener restos de fósiles, por último, las ----

Lectura

Nota: Recuerda que la cohesión dentro de un texto es la consecución lógica entre el párrafo
anterior y el siguiente para mantener la unidad y estructura y organización secuencial del
contenido

1. El orden de los párrafos del texto sobre las rocas ha sido alterado. Fíjate en las oraciones
claves al inicio de cada párrafo y ordénalo en la forma que te parezca más lógica posible.
Compáralo con la versión original que viene al final de la lección. Coloca el número que
crees que corresponda al párrafo en el paréntesis.

2. En este texto de carácter científico, puedes encontrar varias definiciones. Enlista dos en
las líneas abajo

a. ROCAS: sustancia natural compuesta de cristales sólidos de diferentes minerales

que se han fusionado en un bulto solido.
 b.ARENISCA: se forma a partir de arena, la piedra de barro del barro y la piedra caliza
de conchas marinas, diatomeas o minerales similares a los huesos que precipitan del
agua rica en calcio.

3. Lee detalladamente el texto y responde si los siguientes enunciados son verdaderos (V) o
falsos(F)

a. Las rocas están constituidas por un aglutinamiento de cristales y minerales.( v)

b. Existen básicamente tres tipos de rocas. (v)
c. El granito es un tipo de roca sedimentaria. (f)
d. Las rocas sedimentarias tienen su origen en los volcanes. (f )
e. Los fósiles se encuentran a menudo en las rocas sedimentarias. (v)
f. Las rocas metamórficas pueden ser ígneas o sedimentarias que han sido
transformadas, entre otras cosas, por efectos del calor. (v )
g. Grandes cantidades de Basalto se han encontrado en Australia. (f )

Gramatica

Nota: el verbo to be se puede usar en inglés para describir y definir conceptos.

1.Subraya los ejemplos que encontraste en el texto

Está subrayado de gris

Vocabulario

1.Haz una lista de 20 palabras que están relacionadas con aspectos geológicos o biológicos.
Intenta adivinar sus significados ayudado por el contexto, enseguida corrobora con tu
diccionario.
1. Seafloor: fondo marino
2. Basalt: basalto
3. Flows:flujo
4. Eroded: erosionado
5. Igeneous: igeneo
6. Nearby: cerca
7. Solidifies: solidificado
8. Spewed: arrojar
9. Marble: mármol
10. Limestone: caliza
11. Metamorphosed: transformado
12. Sandstone: arenisca
13. Molten: fundido
 14. Advantage: ventaja
15. Pegs: clavijas

Postlectura

1.Realiza un esquema que resuma el texto “Rocks”.

Rocks

sustancia natural que se

compone de cristales solidos
de diferentes minerales que
se fusionan

algunas se forman por restos

de plantas o animales o
forman principalmente en
los lagos los océano y
desiertos.

igneous sedimentary metamorphic

se forman a partir de
material fundido, es decir, se forman a partir de
de lava proveniente de se forman a partir de presio
fragmentos ersoionados de o calor
volcanes animales o plantas
 Versión complete del texto
Rocks (Stony Stalwarts)

(1)Rocks are so common that most of us take them for granted—cursing when we hit them
with the garden hoe or taking advantage of them to drive in tent pegs on summer camping
trips.
But what exactly is a rock?

(2)To geologists, a rock is a natural substance composed of solid crystals of different

minerals that have been fused together into a solid lump. The minerals may or may not
have been formed at the same time. What matters is that natural processes glued them all
together.

(3)There are three basic types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

(4)Extremely common in the Earth's crust, igneous rocks are volcanic and form from
molten material. They include not only lava spewed from volcanoes, but also rocks like
granite, which are formed by magma that solidifies far underground.

(5)Typically, granite makes up large parts of all the continents. The seafloor is formed of a
dark lava called basalt, the most common volcanic rock. Basalt is also found in volcanic
lava flows, such as those in Hawaii, Iceland, and large parts of the U.S. Northwest.

(6)Granite rocks can be very old. Some granite, in Australia, is believed to be more than
four billion years old, although when rocks get that old, they've been altered enough by
geological forces that it's hard to classify them.
(7)Sedimentary rocks are formed from eroded fragments of other rocks or even from the
remains of plants or animals. The fragments accumulate in low-lying areas -lakes, oceans,
and deserts- and then are compressed back into rock by the weight of overlying materials.
Sandstone is formed from sand, mudstone from mud, and limestone from seashells,
diatoms, or bonelike minerals precipitating out of calcium-rich water.

(8)Fossils are most frequently found in sedimentary rock, which comes in layers, called
strata.

(9)Metamorphic rocks are sedimentary or igneous rocks that have been transformed by
pressure, heat, or the intrusion of fluids. The heat may come from nearby magma or hot
water intruding via hot springs. It can also come from subduction, when tectonic forces
draw rocks deep beneath the Earth's surface.

(10)Marble is metamorphosed limestone, quartzite is metamorphosed sandstone, and

gneiss, another common metamorphic rock, sometimes begins as granite.