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428C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Single Tilt 8RN04089-04989 (MACHINE) POWE...
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Bienvenido: r080es10
Producto: BACKHOE LOADER

Modelo: 428C BACKHOE LOADER 8RN
Configuración: 428C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Single Tilt 8RN04089-04989 (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3054 Engine
Operación de Sistemas
416C, 426C, 428C, 436C and 438C Backhoe Loaders Hydraulic and Steering System
Número de medio -SENR1208-03 Fecha de publicación -01/03/1999 Fecha de actualización -09/10/2001
i01070677
Control Valve (Backhoe)

SMCS - 5051; 5122; 5461; 5464; 5474; 5476; 5480; 5481
Auxiliary Control Valve

HOLD position
https://sis.cat.com/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/sisw... 09/03/2015
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Illustration 1 g00561246
HOLD position for the auxiliary control valve
(1) Port to implement or cylinder, (2) Control spool, (3) Passage to tank, (4) Signal passage, (5) Chamber, (6) Spool, (7)
Passage, (8) Pump passage, (9) Passage, (10) Port to implement or cylinder, (11) Spring, (12) Signal cavity, (13) Signal
port, (14) Signal passage, (15) Passage to tank, (16) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B) Return oil and (C) Blocked oil
If the machine is equipped with the optional auxiliary control valve, the control valve is mounted
between the boom control valve and the inlet cover in the bank valves (backhoe control). This control
valve is included with various optional auxiliary circuits.
This control valve does not contain a makeup valve or a line relief valve. When the valve is in the
HOLD position, pump oil enters through passage (8). Passage (8) is common in all sections of the
valve and the passage has no outlet. Oil flows into passage (7) in spool (6) through openings in the
spool. The oil then flows into chamber (5) at the top of the spool.
Pressure in chamber (5) rises and the pressure acts against spool (6). The pressure overcomes the
force of spring (11) and the pressure causes spool (6) to move down. As spool (6) moves down, oil
flows from passage (8) into passage (9). The oil in passage (9) is blocked by spool (2) .
When slots around spool (6) begin to close, oil flow from passage (8) to passage (9) is restricted. Oil
is now metered through the slots in order to maintain pressure in the chamber above spool (6) and
passage (9). The pressure is equal to the force of spring (11). This pressure is lower than pump
pressure in passage (8) .
In the HOLD position, spool (2) blocks the oil in passage (9) from flowing into ports (1) and (10).
The oil that is in the implement or the oil that is in the cylinder is also blocked at port (1). The oil in
the other implement or cylinder lines is also blocked at port (10) .
When the machine is equipped with an auxiliary circuit, and the operator moves the toe end of the left
control pedal to the down position, spool (2) moves up. Oil from passage (8) flows around spool (2)
into port (10). The oil then flows into the rod end or the head end of the auxiliary cylinder or
implement.
Note: Standard backhoe controls are discussed here. Different combinations of levers and different
combinations of pedals are available. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6873.
As the rod in the auxiliary cylinder extends, or the cylinder retracts, the oil in the auxiliary circuit
flows back into port (1). As the implement begins to move, oil in the auxiliary circuit flows back into
port (1). The oil flows past spool (2) and into passages (3) and (4). The oil then flows from passage
(3) back to the hydraulic tank.
When the operator moves the heel end of the left control pedal to the up position, spool (2) moves
down. Oil from passage (8) flows around spool (2) into port (1). The oil then flows into the rod end or
the head end of the auxiliary cylinder or implement.
As the rod in the auxiliary cylinder extends or the cylinder retracts or the implement begins to move,
oil in the auxiliary circuit flows back into port (10). The oil flows past spool (2) and into passages
(14) and (15). The oil then flows from passage (15) back to the hydraulic tank.
When the operator releases the control pedal, spring (16) will return spool (2) to the HOLD position.
Boom Valve
HOLD Position
HOLD position for the boom valve
(1) Head end line relief valve, (2) Spool, (3) Passage to tank, (4) Signal passage, (5) Spring, (6) Load check valve, (7)
Signal hole, (8) Pump passage, (9) Port to head end, (10) Signal hole, (11) Passage, (12) Signal hole, (13) Port to rod end,
(14) Signal passage, (15) Signal hole, (16) Rod end line relief valve, (17) Passage to tank, (18) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B)
Return oil and (C) Blocked oil
Note: Machines that are equipped with boom lock valves do not have signal holes (7) and signal holes
(10). Machines that are equipped with boom lock valves do not have an advanced signal passage for
the boom LOWER.
The boom control valve is between the inlet cover and the swing control valve, or between the
auxiliary valve and the swing control valve on 416C, 426C and 436C.
Spring (18) on the end of valve spool (2) is compressed, when the spool is moved to the RAISE or
LOWER position. The spring will move valve spool (2) and the control lever to HOLD, when the
lever is released.
The pump oil enters the control valve through passage (8). This passage is common through all of the
sections of the valves and the passage has no outlet. Pressure rises in passage (8). The pressure causes
load check valve (6) to overcome the force of spring (5). This causes the load check valve to move up.
Since the control valve is in the HOLD position and no oil is flowing to the cylinder, pressure oil in
chamber (11) flows through the opening in the center of load check valve (6 ). The pressure oil
combines with spring (5) in order to force load check valve (6) downward against the seat. This
prevents the oil from flowing back into the pump supply line.
In the HOLD position, spool (2) blocks pressure oil in passage (11) from flowing to ports (9) and
(13). The oil in port (13) to the rod end of the boom cylinder is blocked. The oil in port (9) to the head
end of the boom cylinder is also blocked.
LOWER Position
LOWER position of the bucket valve
(14) Signal passage, (15) Signal hole, (16) Rod end line relief valve, (17) Passage to tank, (18) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B)
the boom LOWER.
When the operator places the control lever in the LOWER position, spool (2) is moved downward. As
the spool starts to move, pump oil flows into hole (10). The oil flows up the advanced signal passage
in the spool, and out hole (7) at the top of the advanced signal passage. The oil flows out of this hole
into signal passage (4) .
The oil flows from signal passage (4) to the pump controller. This causes the pump to upstroke. As
pump oil pressure rises the pressure overcomes the force of spring (5). This causes load check valve
(6) to move up.
When the spool moves down far enough, pump oil from passage (8) flows into passage (11). Oil from
passage (11) now flows around spool (2) into port (9).
Most of the oil flows through port (9) to the head end of the boom cylinder. This causes the boom
cylinder to extend and the boom moves down. Some of the oil that flows from passage (11) to port (9)
flows into signal passage (4). This oil flows to the resolver network in order to adjust the pump. The
pump is adjusted by the load on the boom that is required.
The oil that is in the rod end of the boom cylinder is forced outward. This oil enters port (13). The oil
flows past spool (2) into signal passage (14 ) and passage (17) .
Oil flows through passage (17) back to the hydraulic tank. Spring (18) has been compressed
downward. When the control lever is released, spring (18) moves spool (2) upward into the HOLD
position.
If the pump supply pressure becomes less than the requirements for the work port, load check valve
(6) will move downward in order to prevent boom drift.
Refer to Systems Operation, "Relief Valve (Line)" for the operation of the valve. Refer to Systems
Operation, "Makeup and Relief Valve" for the operation of valve (16) .
RAISE Position
RAISE Position for the Boom Valve
(14) Signal passage, (15) Signal hole, (16) Rod end line relief valve, (17) Passage to tank, (18) , (A) Pump oil, (B) Return
oil and (C) Blocked oil
the boom LOWER.
When the operator places the control lever in the RAISE position, spool (2) is moved upward. As the
spool starts to move, pump oil flows into hole (12). The oil flows up the advanced signal passage in
the spool, and out hole (15) at the top of the advanced signal passage. The oil flows out of this hole
into signal passage (14) .
The oil flows from signal passage (14) to the pump controller. This causes the pump to upstroke.
As pump oil pressure rises the pressure overcomes the force of spring (5). This causes load check
valve (6) to move up.
When the spool moves up far enough, pump oil from passage (8) flows into passage (11). Oil from
passage (11) now flows around spool (2) into port (13) .
Most of the oil flows through port (13) to the rod end of the boom cylinder. This causes the boom
cylinder to retract and the boom moves up. Some of the oil that flows from passage (11) into port (13)
flows into signal passage (14). This oil flows to the resolver network in order to adjust the pump by
the load on the boom that is required.
The oil in the head end of the boom cylinder is forced outward. This oil enters port (9). The oil flows
past spool (2) into signal passage (4) and passage (3) .
Oil flows through passage (3) back to the hydraulic tank. Spring (18) has been compressed upward.
When the control lever is released, spring (18) moves spool (2) downward into the HOLD position.
If pump supply pressure becomes less than requirements for the work port, load check valve (6) will
move downward in order to prevent boom drift.
Swing Control Valve

HOLD Position
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HOLD Position for the Swing Valve
(1) line relief valve for swing right, (2) Spool, (3) Metering slots, (4) Passage to tank, (5) Signal passage, (6) Spool, (7)
Check ball, (8) Passage, (9) Port to swing right, (10) Pump passage, (11) Signal passage for the spool, (12) Metering
slots, (13) Passage, (14) Signal passage for the spool, (15) Port to swing left, (16) Spring, (17) Check ball, (18) Signal
Passage, (19) Passage to tank, (20) Line relief valve for swing left, (21) Metering slots, (22) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B)
The swing control valve is located between the right stabilizer control valve and the boom control
valve. Spool (2) causes spring (22) to compress in the swing right position or in the swing left
position. The spring will move valve spool (2) and the control lever to HOLD, when the lever is
released.
Pump oil from the boom control valve enters the swing control valve through pump passage (10).
This passage is a common passage through all of the sections of the valve. Oil flows into passage (8)
in spool (6) through openings in the spool. The oil then flows into the chamber at the top of the spool.
Pressure rises in passage (8) and pressure rises in the chamber. This rise in pressure causes spool (6)
to overcome the force of spring (16). The spool moves downward. As spool (6) moves down, oil
flows from passage (10) into passage (13). Most of the oil in passage (13) is blocked by spool (2) .
When slots (12) begin to close, oil from passage (10) to passage (13) is restricted. Oil is now metered
through the slots in order to maintain pressure in the chamber above spool (6) and in passage (13).
This pressure is equal to the force of spring (16). This pressure is lower than pump pressure in
passage (10) .
In the HOLD position, signal passages (11) and signal passages (14) are partially open into passage
(13). As pressure rises in passage (13) oil flows from passage (13) through signal passage (11) and
passage (14). The oil then acts against check ball (7) and check ball (17). The oil pressure overcomes
the force of the springs and the oil pressure causes the balls to partially move off the seats.
As the check balls partially move off the seats, the oil flows out of the spool passages into cylinder
ports (9) and into cylinder ports (15). The oil that flows past check ball (7) and past check ball (17)
into the cylinder ports keeps the cylinder lines full of oil at all times. This keeps both sides of the
cylinder pistons pressurized. The backhoe is now held in this location.
SWING LEFT Position
SWING LEFT position for the swing Valve
(1) Line relief valve for swing right, (2) Spool, (3) Metering slots, (4) Passage to tank, (5) Signal passage, (6) Spool, (7)
Check ball, (8) Passage, (9) Port to swing right, (10) Pump passage, (11) Signal passage, (12) Metering slots, (13)
Passage, (14) Signal passage, (15) Port to swing left, (16) Spring, (17) Check ball, (18) Signal Passage, (19) Passage to
tank, (20) Line relief valve for swing left, (21) Metering slots, (22) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B) Return oil and (C) Blocked
oil
Face the rear of the machine as you sit in the seat in order to determine the left and the right controls
for the operation of the swing control valves.
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6873.
Pressure rises in passage (8) and pressure rises in the chamber. This causes spool (6) to overcome the
force of spring (16) and this causes the spring to move downward. As spool (6) moves down, oil
flows from passage (10) into passage (13) .
When the operator moves the control lever to the SWING LEFT position, spool (2) moves up. As the
spool moves up, signal passage (14) is uncovered and the signal passage routes pump oil into signal
passage (18). Slots (21) meter signal oil to tank passage (21) .
Signal oil from passage (18) causes the pump to upstroke. The slots for metering the signal oil cause a
gradual increase in signal oil pressure and the slots cause a gradual increase in pump oil pressure. This
causes an improvement to the throttling effect. This also causes an improvement to the response.
As the spool moves up farther, the metering slots are closed and oil from passage (13) flows through
the spool passage. Pressure rises inside the spool and the pressure causes check ball (17) to move off
the seat.
When the check ball moves off the seat, oil flows past the check ball through the spool passage into
cylinder port (15). Oil flows into the ports for the swing cylinders through orifices that are in spool
(2). These orifices control swing speed.
There are two cylinder-to-cylinder crossover lines. One line connects the rod end of left swing
cylinder to the head end of the right swing cylinder. The other line connects the rod end of right
cylinder to the head end of the left cylinder.
Most of the oil in port (15) flows into the rod end of the left swing cylinder. The oil flows through the
crossover line into the head end of the right swing cylinder. Oil from the head end of the left cylinder
is forced outward. The oil flows through the crossover line and combines with the rod end oil from
the right cylinder. This combined oil flows into port (9) .
The oil flows through port (9) into signal passage (11). Return oil causes check ball (7) to move up.
When the check ball moves up, return oil can flow through the stem passage into signal passage (5)
and tank passage (4) .
This causes the left cylinder rod to retract and this causes the right cylinder rod to extend. This swings
the backhoe to the left in a pressurized swing.
The rest of the oil in port (15) flows through passage (14) into signal passage (18). This oil flows to
the pump control and this oil adjusts pump output to port (15).
SWING RIGHT Position
SWING RIGHT Position for the swing valve
(1) Line relief valve for swing right, (2) Spool, (3) Metering slots, (4) Passage to tank, (5) Signal passage, (6) Spool, (7)
Check ball, (8) Passage, (9) Port to swing right, (10) Pump passage, (11) Signal passage, (12) Metering slots, (13)
Passage, (14) Signal passage, (15) Port to swing left, (16) Spring, (17) Check ball, (18) Signal Passage, (19) Passage to
tank, (20) Line relief valve for swing left, (21) Metering slots, (22) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B) Return oil and (C) Blocked
oil
for the operation of the swing control valves.
Pressure rises in passage (8) and pressure rises in the chamber. This causes spool (6) to overcome the
force of spring (16) and this causes the spring to move downward. As spool (6) moves down, oil
flows from passage (10) into passage (13) .
When the operator moves the control lever to the SWING RIGHT position, spool (2) moves
downward. As the spool moves downward, signal passage (11) is uncovered and the signal passage
routes pump oil into signal passage (5). Slots (3) meter signal oil to tank passage (4) .
Signal oil from passage (5) causes the pump to upstroke. The slots for metering the signal oil cause a
gradual increase in signal oil pressure and the slots cause a gradual increase in pump oil pressure. This
causes an improvement to the throttling effect. This also causes an improvement to the response.
As the spool moves down farther, the metering slots are closed and oil from passage (13) flows
through the spool passage. Pressure rises inside the spool and the pressure causes check ball (7) to
move off the seat.
When the check ball moves off the seat, oil flows past the check ball through the spool passage into
cylinder port (9). Oil flows into the ports for the swing cylinders through orifices that are in spool (2).
These orifices control swing speed.
There are two cylinder-to-cylinder crossover lines. One line connects the rod end of left swing
cylinder to the head end of the right swing cylinder. The other line connects the rod end of right
cylinder to the head end of the left cylinder.
Most of the oil in port (9) flows into the rod end of the right swing cylinder. The oil flows through the
crossover line into the head end of the right swing cylinder. Oil from the head end of the right
cylinder is forced outward. The oil flows through the crossover line and combines with the rod end oil
from the left cylinder. This combined oil flows into port (15) .
The oil flows through port (15) into signal passage (14). Return oil causes check ball (17) to move up.
When the check ball moves up, return oil can flow through the stem passage into signal passage (18)
and tank passage (19) .
This causes the right cylinder rod to retract and this causes the right cylinder rod to extend. This
swings the backhoe to the right in a pressurized swing.
The rest of the oil in port (9) flows through passage (11) into signal passage (5). This oil flows to the
pump control and this oil adjusts pump output to port (9).
Stabilizer Control Valve

HOLD Position
HOLD Position for the stabilizer valve on 416C, 436C and 438C
(1) Port to rod end of cylinder, (2) Control spool, (3) Passage to tank, (4) Signal passage, (5) Pump passage, (6) Passage,
(7) Port to head end of cylinder, (8) Signal passage, (9) Passage to tank and (10) Spring
for the operation of the stabilizer control valves.
The location of the right and left stabilizer control valves is between the swing control valve and the
bucket control valve. The right stabilizer control valve and the left stabilizer control valves are
identical. The operation of the valves are identical.
Pump oil from the swing control valve enters the left stabilizer control valve through passage (5). This
passage is a common passage through all of the valve sections and the passage has no outlet.
The stabilizer control valves do not have flow control valves because of limited use during normal
operation. The stabilizer valves are not typically used simultaneously with any other backhoe valve.
Pump oil flows through pump passage (5) and pump oil flows into passage (6). In the HOLD position,
spring (10) centers spool (2). This blocks the flow of oil from passage (6) to ports (1) and (7) .
Spool (2) blocks the oil at port (7) from flowing to the cylinder head end. Oil in the head end of the
stabilizer circuit can not flow back to the hydraulic tank.
Rod end cylinder oil in passage (1) is also blocked by spool (2). This oil is also prevented from
flowing back to the hydraulic tank. The stabilizer is now held in position and the stabilizer will not
droop in the HOLD position. The lock valves prevent droop. Due to the blockage of oil, the oil flows
to the next control valve.
DOWN position
DOWN position of the stabilizer valve
(7) Port to head end of cylinder, (8) Signal passage, (9) Passage to tank and (10) Spring.
Lowering the stabilizers raises the machine. Control spool (2) moves up, if the control lever for the
left stabilizer is in the DOWN position. Pump oil in passage (5) and passage (6) can now flow past
spool (2) into signal passage (8) and port (7) .
The oil that is in signal passage (8) flows backward to the pump controller and the oil causes the
pump to upstroke. The oil in port (7) flows to lock valve (15).
Lock valves for the stabilizer
(11) Right stabilizer cylinder, (12) Right lock valve, (13) Bank valves (backhoe control), (14) Left stabilizer cylinder and
(15) Left lock valve
Each lock valve contains two pilot operated lock valves. One lock valve for cylinder head end oil line
and one lock valve for cylinder rod end oil. Each lock valve consists of two check valves and an
orifice.
An internal passage allows oil from the head end circuit to open the check valve in the rod end.
Another internal pilot passage allows oil from the rod end circuit to open the head end check valve.
Only the left lock valve will be discussed here.
The lock valve for the right stabilizer is identical to the lock valve for the left stabilizer. The operation
of the valves are identical.
Schematic for the lock valve for the left stabilizer
(16) Port to head end of cylinder, (17) Port to rod end of cylinder, (18) Port to the head end of the control valve, (19) Port
to the rod end of the control valve and (A) Pilot passage
Oil to the head end of the cylinder flows into the lock valve at port (18). Most of the oil flows acts
against the check valve in the head end. This forces the check valve off the seat. This oil then flows
out of port (16). This oil then flows into the head end of the cylinder.
Some of the oil that flows into port (18) flows through a pilot passage. The oil then acts against the
spring for the check valve in the rod end. This causes the valve to open. This allows oil in the rod end
of the cylinder to flow into port (17). The oil flows through an orifice and the oil flows past the lock
valve in the rod end. The oil then flows out of port (19) and the oil then flows into port (1) .
This causes the cylinder rod in the stabilizer to extend. Oil that is forced from the rod end of the
stabilizer cylinder flows past control spool (2). The oil flows through signal passage (4) into passage
(3) .
Spring (10) is compressed upward. As the operator releases the control lever, spring (10) moves spool
(2) downward into the HOLD position. Spool (2) now blocks the flow of oil from passage (6) into
port (7) .
Since pressure oil no longer flows into port (18), the force of the springs in the check valve moves the
valves onto the seats. Since the stabilizers have raised the machine, the weight of the machine
maintains oil pressure in the head end of the stabilizer circuit.
This pressure acts against the head end of the lock valve and this pressure holds both of the head end
of the check valves closed. This helps prevent cylinder drift and the stabilizers will remain in this
position until the operator moves the control lever into the UP or DOWN position.
The control valves for the stabilizers do not have line relief valves and makeup valves.
UP Position
UP Position for the Stabilizer Valve
(7) Port to head end of cylinder, (8) Signal passage, (9) Passage to tank, (10) Spring, (A) Pump oil and (B) Return oil
Raising the stabilizers lowers the machine. Control spool (2) moves downward, if the control lever for
the stabilizer is in the UP position. Pump oil in passage (5) and passage (6) can now flow past spool
(2) into signal passage (4) and port (1) .
The oil that is in signal passage (4) flows backward to the pump controller and the oil causes the
pump to upstroke. The oil in port (1) flows to lock valve (15).
Lock Valves for the Stabilizer
(11) Right stabilizer cylinder, (12) Right lock valve, (13) Bank valves for the backhoe control, (14) Left stabilizer
cylinder, (15) Left lock valve and ()
Each lock valve contains two pilot operated lock valves. One lock valve is for oil in the head end of
the cylinder and one lock valve is for the oil in the rod end of the cylinder. Each lock valve consists of
two check valves and an orifice.
An internal passage allows oil from the head end circuit to open the check valve in the rod end.
Another internal pilot passage allows oil from the rod end circuit to open the head end check valve.
Only the left lock valve will be discussed here.
The lock valve for the right stabilizer is identical to the lock valve for the left stabilizer. The operation
of the valves are identical.
Schematic for the lock valve for the left stabilizer
(16) Port to head end of cylinder, (17) Port to rod end of cylinder, (18) Port to head end of the control valve, (19) Port to
rod end of the control valve and (A) Pilot passage
Oil to the Rod end flows into the lock valve at port (19). Most of the oil flows acts against the check
valve for the rod end and the oil forces the check valve off the seat. This oil then flows out of port
(17) and the oil flows into the rod end of the cylinder.
Some of the oil that flows into port (19) flows through a pilot passage. The oil acts against the spring
for the check valve in the head end. This causes the valve to open. This allows oil that is in the head
end of the cylinder to flow into port (16). The oil flows through an orifice and the oil flows past the
lock valve for the head end. The oil then flows out of port (18) into port (7) .
This causes the cylinder rod for the stabilizer to retract. Oil that is forced out of the head end for the
stabilizer cylinder flows through the line into port (7). The oil flows past control spool (2) through
signal passage (8). The oil flows into passage (9) .
Spring (10) is compressed downward. As the operator releases the control lever, the spring (10)
moves spool (2) upward into the HOLD position. Spool (2) now blocks the flow of oil from passage
(6) into port (1) .
Since pressure oil no longer flows into port (18) the force of the springs for the check valve moves the
valves backward onto the seats. Since the stabilizer has raised the machine, the weight of the machine
maintains pressure in the rod end circuit.
This pressure acts against the lock valve for the rod end. The pressure holds both of the check valves
for the rod end closed. The stabilizers remain in this position until the operator moves the control
lever into either the UP or DOWN position.
The lock valves minimize leakage through the control valve. This also helps prevent cylinder drift. As
the machine is raised farther from a partially raised position, the valves help to stop droop of the
machine.
Stabilizer Control Valve

HOLD Position
HOLD Position for the stabilizer valve for the 428C and 438C
(1) Spool, (2) Passage to tank, (3) Signal passage, (4) Port to rod end, (5) Orifice check valve, (6) Pump passage, (7)
Passage, (8) Passage, (9) Cavity, (10) Cavity, (11) Port to head end, (12) Signal passage, (13) Lock valve, (14) Spring,
(15) Spring and (16) Passage to tank
for the operation of the stabilizer control valves.
The location of the control valve for the right stabilizer and control valve for the left stabilizer is
between the valve for the swing control and the valve for the bucket control. The control valve for the
right stabilizer and the control valve for the left stabilizer are identical. The method of operation of the
valves are identical.
Pump oil from the swing control valve enters the left stabilizer control valve through passage (6). This
passage is common through all of the valve sections and this passage has no outlet.
The stabilizer control valves do not have flow control valves because of limited use during normal
operation. The stabilizer valves are not used simultaneously with any other backhoe valve.
Pump oil flows through pump passage (6) and pump oil fills cavity (10). Pump oil fills passage (7). In
the HOLD position, spring (15) centers spool (1). The spring blocks the flow of oil from passage (7)
to ports (4) and to ports (11) .
Since no pressure oil is acting against lock valve (13) spring (14) holds lock valve (13) to the right.
With valve (13) against the seat, the valve blocks the oil from the cylinder head end. Oil in the head
end of the stabilizer circuit can not flow to the hydraulic tank.
Rod end cylinder oil in passage (4) is also blocked by spool (1). This oil is also prevented from
flowing back to the hydraulic tank. The stabilizer is held in position and the stabilizer will not droop
in the HOLD position.
DOWN Position
Down position for the stabilizer valve
Passage, (8) Passage, (9) Cavity, (10) Cavity, (11) Port to head end, (12) Signal passage, (13) Lock valve, (14) Spring.,
(15) Spring, (16) Passage to tank, (A) Pump oil and (B) Return oil
Lowering the stabilizers raises the machine. The control spool (1) moves up, if the control lever is in
the DOWN position.
Pump oil in passage (6), cavity (10) and passage (8) can now flow past spool (1) into passage (7),
signal passage (12) and cavity (9) .
The oil in signal passage (12) flows to the pump controller and the oil causes the pump to upstroke.
The oil in cavity (9) acts against lock valve (13). The oil overcomes spring (14) and the oil causes
valve (13) to move left.
As the valve moves to the left, the valve opens a path for the oil to flow. The oil flows through the
line into the head end of the cylinder. This oil causes the stabilizer rod to extend. Control spool (2)
blocks pump oil from flowing into port (4) .
The oil that is forced out of the rod end of the stabilizer cylinder flows through the line into port (4).
The oil in the line for the rod end acts against orifice check valve (5). This causes the check valve to
move to the right off the seat. The oil then flows past spool (1) into signal passage (3). The oil flows
to the tank passage (2). This oil then returns to the hydraulic tank.
Spring (15) is compressed upward. As the operator releases the control lever, spring (15) moves spool
(1) downward into the HOLD position. Spool (1) blocks the flow of oil from passage (8) into passage
(7).
Since pressure oil is no longer acting against lock valve (13) the force of spring (14) moves valve (13)
to the right. Since the stabilizer has raised the machine, the weight of the machine maintains pressure
in the head end circuit. This pressure acts against lock valve (13) which holds the lock valve closed.
The stabilizers remain in this position until the operator moves the control lever.
Lock valve (13) minimizes leakage through the control valve. This helps prevent cylinder drift. As the
machine is raised farther from a partially raised position, the valves help to stop droop of the machine.
UP Position
UP position for the stabilizer valve
Passage, (8) Passage, (9) Port, (10) Cavity, (11) Port to head end, (12) Signal passage, (13) Lock valve, (14) Spring, (15)
Spring, (16) Passage to tank, (A) and (B)
Raising the stabilizers lowers the machine. As the operator places the control lever in the UP position,
control spool (1) is moved downward. Pump oil in passage (6), cavity (10) and passage (8) can now
flow past spool (1) into port (4) and signal passage (3).
Orifice Check Valve
(4) Port to rod end, (5) Orifice check valve, (17) Passage and (18) Hole
Most of the oil that is in passage (8) flows through passage (17). The oil flows through holes (18) and
the oil flows out of port (4). This oil flows into the rod end of the cylinder. Some of this oil also flows
into signal passage (3). The oil that is in signal passage (3) flows back to the pump controller. This
causes the pump to upstroke.
Some of the oil that is in passage (8) flows into passage (7). This oil flows through cavity (9). This oil
acts against lock valve (13). The pressure oil overcomes spring (14) and the pressure oil causes valve
(13) to move to the left.
The oil that flows through port (4) flows through the line into the rod end of the cylinder. This oil then
causes the rod to retract.
The oil that is forced out of the head end of the stabilizer cylinder flows through the line into port
(11). The oil pressure in the line for the head end of the cylinder is less than the pressure in cavity (9).
The pressure in cavity (9) is acting against lock check valve (13). This pressure causes the lock check
valve to remain open.
Return oil flows through the lock valve, when valve (13) is off the seat. This oil then flows past spool
(1). The oil flows into signal passage (12) and the oil flows into tank passage (16). This oil then
returns to the hydraulic tank.
The orifice check valve for the rod end keeps pump pressure high enough in order to keep lock valve
(13) open. The lock valve needs to be open while you raise the stabilizers at low idle. This prevents
the operation from being erratic.
Spring (14) is compressed downward. As the operator releases the control lever, spring (14) moves
spool (1) upward into the HOLD position. Spool (1) now blocks the flow of oil from passage (7) into
passage (4) .
With spool (1) in the HOLD position, oil that is in cavity (9) and oil that is in passage (7) drains into
passages (12) and passages (16). No oil is acting against the right side of valve (13). This allows
spring (14) to move the valve to the right.
Oil in the head end circuit is now blocked at valve (13). The stabilizers remain in this position until
the operator moves the control lever.
Bucket Control Valve

HOLD Position
HOLD position for the bucket valve
Port to head end, (8) Port to rod end, (9) Pump passage, (10) Passage, (11) Signal passage, (12) Passage to tank, (13) Rod
end line relief valve, (14) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B) Return oil and (C) Blocked oil
The control valve for the bucket is located between the control valve for the right stabilizer and the
control valve for the stick.
Pump oil that is from the control valve for the stabilizer enters the control valve for the bucket
through passage (8). This passage is a common passage through all of the sections of the valves.
Passage (8) has no outlet. As the pump pressure rises, load check valve (6) overcomes the force of
spring (5). This causes the check valve to move upward.
In the HOLD position, spool (2) blocks pressure oil in passage (9). Flow is blocked to ports (7) and
flow is blocked to port (10). The oil in port (10) to the rod end of the bucket cylinder is blocked. The
oil in port (7) to the head end of the bucket cylinder is also blocked.
Spring (14) holds spool (2) in the HOLD position. No oil flows to the cylinder. Pressure oil in
chamber (9) flows through the opening in the center of load check valve (6). The pressure oil
combines with spring (5) in order to force load check valve (6) against the seat. This prevents the oil
from flowing into the pump supply line.
LOAD Position
LOAD position for the Bucket Valve
Port to head end, (8) Pump passage, (9) Passage, (10) Port to rod end, (11) Signal passage, (12) Passage to tank, (13) Rod
end line relief valve, (14) Spring, (A) Pump oil and (B) Return oil
Pump oil that is from the control valve for the stabilizer enters the bucket control valve through
passage (8). This passage is a common passage through all of the sections of the valves. Passage (8)
has no outlet. As the pump pressure rises, the load check valve (6) overcomes the force of spring (5).
This causes the load check valve to move upward.
As the operator places the control lever in the LOAD position, spool (2) moves downward. The oil
flows past the spool into signal passage (4) .
The oil flows from signal passage (4) to the pump controller. This causes the pump to upstroke. Pump
oil pressure is now high enough to overcome the force of spring (5). This causes load check valve (6)
to move up.
When the check valve moves up far enough, pump oil from passage (8) flows into passage (9). Oil
from passage (9) now flows around spool (2) into port (7) .
Most of the oil flows through port (7) to the head end of the bucket cylinder. This causes the bucket
cylinder to extend and this causes the bucket to load. Some of the oil flows from passage (9) to port
(7). This oil flows into signal passage (4). This oil flows to the resolver network in order to adjust the
pump. This adjustment is made in order to satisfy the load on the bucket.
The oil in the rod end of the bucket cylinder is forced outward. This oil enters port (10). The oil flows
Oil flows through passage (12) back to the hydraulic tank. Spring (14) is compressed downward.
When the control lever is released, spring (14) moves spool (2) upward into the HOLD position.
If the supply pressure of the pump becomes less than requirements for the work port, load check valve
(6) will move downward in order to prevent the droop of the implement.
DUMP Position
DUMP position for the bucket valve
Port to head end, (8) Pump passage, (9) Passage, (10) Port to rod end, (11) Signal passage, (12) Passage to tank, (13) Rod
end line relief valve, (14) Spring, (A) Pump oil and (B) Return oil
Pump oil that is from the control valve for the stabilizer enters the control valve for the bucket
through passage (8). This passage is a common passage through all of the sections of the valves.
Passage (8) has no outlet. As the pump pressure rises, load check valve (6) overcomes the force of
spring (5). This causes the check valve to move upward.
As the operator places the control lever in the DUMP position, spool (2) moves upward. The oil flows
past the spool into signal passage (11) .
The oil flows from signal passage (11) to the pump controller. This causes the pump to upstroke.
Pump oil pressure is now high enough to overcome the force of spring (5). This causes load check
valve (6) to move upward.
When the check valve moves up far enough, pump oil from passage (8) flows into passage (9). Oil
from passage (9) now flows around spool (2) into port (10) .
Most of the oil flows through port (10) to the rod end of the bucket cylinder. This causes the bucket
cylinder to retract. This also causes the bucket to open. Some of the oil that flows from passage (9) to
port (10) flows into signal passage (11). This oil flows to the resolver network in order to adjust the
pump. This adjustment is made in order to satisfy the load on the bucket.
The oil in the head end of the bucket cylinder is forced outward. This oil enters port (7). The oil flows
past spool (2) into signal passage (4) and this oil flows into passage (3) .
Oil flows through passage (3) to the hydraulic tank. Spring (18) is compressed upward. When the
control lever is released, spring (18) moves spool (2) downward into the HOLD position.
If supply pressure of the pump becomes less than the requirements for the work port, load check valve
(6) will move downward in order to prevent the droop of the implement.
Stick Control Valve

HOLD Position
HOLD position for the stick valve
(1) Rod end line relief valve, (2) Spool, (3) Passage to tank, (4) Signal passage, (5) Spring, (6) Load check valve, (7) Port
to rod end, (8) Pump passage, (9) Pump signal hole, (10) Passage, (11) Port to head end, (12) Signal passage, (13) Head
end line relief valve, (14) Passage to tank, (15) Spring, (A) Pump oil and (B) Return oil
The control valve for the stick is located between the control valve for the bucket and the end cover.
The control valve for the stick is located between the control valve for the bucket and the control
valve for the extendable stick .
Spring (15) compresses as the spool moves to the STICK IN position. Spring (15) compresses as the
spool moves to the STICK OUT position. The spring will move valve spool (2) and the control lever
into the HOLD position, when the control lever is released.
Pump oil enters the stick control valve through passage (8). This passage is a common passage
through all of the sections of the valves. This passage has no outlet. As pump pressure rises, load
check valve (6) overcomes the force of spring (5). This causes load check valve (6) to move upward.
In the HOLD position, spool (2) blocks pressure oil in passage (10) from flowing to ports (7) and
(11). The oil in port (11) to the head end of the stick cylinder is blocked. The oil in port (7) to the rod
end of the stick cylinder is also blocked. Spring (15) holds spool (2) in the HOLD position.
STICK OUT Position
STICK OUT position for the stick valve
end line relief valve, (14) Passage to tank, (15) Spring, (A) Pump oil and (B) Return oil
As the operator places the control lever in the STICK OUT position, spool (2) moves downward. As
the spool starts to move, pump oil flows into hole (9). The oil flows up an advanced signal passage in
the spool. The oil then flows out of another hole that is cross-drilled. This hole is at the top of the
advanced signal passage. The oil flows out of this cross-drilled hole into signal passage (4).
The oil flows from signal passage (4) to the pump controller. This causes the pump to upstroke. Pump
oil pressure rises enough to overcome the force of spring (5) and rises enough overcome the pressure
in passage (10). This causes load check valve (6) to move upward. This helps prevent droop of the
stick.
When the spool moves down far enough, pump oil from passage (8) flows into passage (10). Oil from
passage (10) now flows around spool (2) into port (7).
Most of the oil flows through port (7) to the rod end of the stick cylinder. This causes the stick
cylinder to retract and the stick moves out. Some of the oil flows from passage (10) to port (7). This
oil flows into signal passage (4). This oil flows to the resolver network in order to adjust the pump.
This adjustment is made in order to satisfy the load on the stick.
The oil that is in the head end of the stick cylinder is forced outward. This oil enters port (11). The oil
flows past spool (2) into signal passage (12) and passage (14) .
Oil flows through passage (14) back to the hydraulic tank. Spring (15) compresses downward. As the
control lever is released, spring (15) moves spool (2) upward into the HOLD position.
If supply pressure for the pump becomes less than the requirements for the work port, load check
valve (6) will move downward in order to prevent droop of the implement.
STICK IN Position
STICK IN position for the stick valve
end line relief valve., (14) Passage to tank, (15) Spring, (A) Pump oil and (B) Return oil
As the operator places the control lever in the STICK IN position, spool (2) moves upward. Oil from
passage (10) flows into port (11). Some of this oil flows into signal passage (12) .
The oil flows through signal passage (12) to the resolver network. Signal oil from passage (12) causes
the pump to upstroke.
The discharge pressure of the pump that is in passage (8) acts against load check valve (6 ). The
discharge pressure of the pump in passage (8) is higher than the oil pressure in passage (10). The
discharge pressure overcomes the force of spring (5) and the discharge pressure overcomes the
pressure in passage (10). This causes load check valve (6) to move up.
Oil from passage (10) now flows around spool (2) into port (11). Most of the oil flows through port
(11) to the head end of the stick cylinder. This causes the stick cylinder to extend and the stick moves
in.
Some of the oil that flows from passage (10) to port (11) flows into signal passage (12). This oil flows
into signal passage (4). This oil flows to the resolver network in order to adjust the pump. This
adjustment is made in order to satisfy the load on the stick.
The oil in the rod end of the stick cylinder is forced outward. This oil enters port (7). The oil flows
Oil flows through passage (3) back to the hydraulic tank. Spring (15) compresses upward. As the
control lever is released, spring (15) moves spool (2) downward into the HOLD position.
If the supply pressure of the pump becomes less than requirements for the work port, load check valve
(6) will move downward in order to prevent droop of the implement.
Extendable Stick Control Valve (If Equipped)

HOLD Position
HOLD position for the extendable stick valve
(1) Port to head end of cylinder, (2) Control spool, (3) Passage to tank, (4) Signal passage, (5) Chamber, (6) Spool, (7)
Passage, (8) Pump passage, (9) Passage, (10) Port to rod end of cylinder, (11) Spring, (12) Signal cavity, (13) Signal port,
(14) Signal passage, (15) Passage to tank, (16) Spring, (A) Pump oil, (B) Return oil and (C) Blocked oil
The control valve for the extendable stick is mounted between the control valve for the stick and the
cover in the bank valves.
This control valve contains no makeup valve or line relief valves. In the HOLD position, pump oil
enters through passage (8). Passage (8) is a common passage in all sections of the valves. The passage
has no outlet. Oil flows into passage (7) in spool (6) through openings in the spool. The oil then flows
into chamber (5) at the top of the spool.
Pressure in chamber (5) rises and the pressure acts against spool (6) until the pressure overcomes the
force of spring (11). This pressure causes spool (6) to move downward. As spool (6) moves down, oil
flows from passage (8) into passage (9). The oil in passage (9) is blocked by spool (2) .
As the slots around spool (6) begin to close, oil that flows from passage (8) to passage (9) is
restricted. The oil is metered through the slots in order to maintain pressure. The pressure is
maintained in chamber (6) and the pressure is maintained in passage (9). The pressure is equal to the
force of spring (11). This pressure is lower than pump pressure in passage (8) .
In the HOLD position, spool (2) blocks the oil in passage (9) from flowing into ports (1) and ports
(10). The oil that is in the implement or the oil that is in the cylinder lines is also blocked at port (1).
The oil in the other implement lines or the oil in the other cylinder lines is also blocked at port (10).
RETRACT position for the extendable stick valve
As the operator moves the heel end of the right control pedal downward to the STICK RETRACT
position, spool (2) moves upward. Oil from passage (8) flows around spool (2) into port (10). The oil
then flows into the rod end of the extendable stick cylinder.
NOTE: Standard backhoe controls are discussed here. Different combinations of levers and different
combinations of pedals are available.
for the operation of the control levers.
for the operation of the control pedals.
As the rod in the extendable stick cylinder retracts, the stick also retracts. When the cylinder retracts
the cylinder forces the oil in the cylinder head end outward. Head end oil now flows into port (1). The
oil flows past spool (2) and into passages (3) and (4). The oil then flows from passage (3) to the
hydraulic tank.
EXTEND position for the extendable stick valve
As the operator moves the toe end of the control pedal downward to the STICK EXTEND position,
spool (2) moves downward. Oil from passage (8) flows around spool (2) into port (1). The oil then
flows into the head end of the extendable stick cylinder.
As the rod in the extendable stick cylinder extends the stick also extends. As the cylinder extends the
cylinder forces the oil in the cylinder rod end outward. Oil from the rod end flows into port (10). The
oil flows past spool (2) and into passages (14) and (15). The oil then flows from passage (15) to the
hydraulic tank.
When the operator releases the control pedal, spring (16) will return spool (2) to the HOLDposition.
Copyright 1993 - 2015 Caterpillar Inc. Mon Mar 9 15:42:29 EST 2015
Todos los derechos reservados. r080es10
Red privada para licenciados del SIS.

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428C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Single Tilt 8RN04089-04989 (MACHINE) POWE...

Producto: BACKHOE LOADER

Control Valve (Backhoe)

Auxiliary Control Valve

HOLD position for the auxiliary control valve

HOLD position for the boom valve

LOWER position of the bucket valve

RAISE Position for the Boom Valve

Swing Control Valve

HOLD Position for the Swing Valve

SWING LEFT Position

SWING LEFT position for the swing Valve

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6873.

SWING RIGHT Position

SWING RIGHT Position for the swing valve

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6873.

Stabilizer Control Valve

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6873.

DOWN position of the stabilizer valve

Lock valves for the stabilizer

Schematic for the lock valve for the left stabilizer

UP Position for the Stabilizer Valve

Lock Valves for the Stabilizer

Schematic for the lock valve for the left stabilizer

Stabilizer Control Valve

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6873.

Down position for the stabilizer valve

UP position for the stabilizer valve

Orifice Check Valve

Bucket Control Valve

HOLD position for the bucket valve

LOAD position for the Bucket Valve

DUMP position for the bucket valve

Stick Control Valve

HOLD position for the stick valve

STICK OUT Position

STICK OUT position for the stick valve

STICK IN position for the stick valve

Extendable Stick Control Valve (If Equipped)

HOLD position for the extendable stick valve

RETRACT position for the extendable stick valve

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU6873.

EXTEND position for the extendable stick valve

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