SEMINAR

ON
FIVE YEAR PLANS

Submitted to, Submitted by,

Dr.Leji K Jose Abhaya . M
Asst.Professor 2ND Year MSc Nursing
Govt.College of Nursing , Govt.College of Nursing ,
Kozhikode Kozhikode
 FIVE YEAR PLANS
INTRODUCTION
India has been a pioneer in planning its requirements quite well, not only at the time of
independence but even earlier, even though those efforts were not as extensively worked
upon as is reflected by five year -plans. Five-year plans are mechanisms to bring about
uniformity in policy formulation in programmes of national importance .Recognizing the
health as an important contributory factor in the utilization of manpower and in the
uplifting of the economic condition of the country, the Planning Commission gave
considerable importance of health programmes in the five year plans.

THE BROAD OBJECTIVES OF THE HEALTH PROGRAMME

DURING FIVE YEAR PLANS
 control and eradication of major communicable diseases

 strengthening of basic health services through the establishment of primary health

centres

 and sub-centres,

 population control, and

 development of health manpower resources. For the purposes of planning, the

health sector has been divided into the following sub-

sectors:

1. Water supply and sanitation

2. Control of communicable diseases
3. Medical education, training and research
4. Medical care including hospitals, dispensaries and PHCS
5. Public Health Services
6. Family planning, and
7. Indigenous system of medicine.

All the above sub-sectors have received due consideration in the FYP. To give effective,
better co-ordination between Centre and State Governments, a Bureau of Planning was
constituted in 1965 in the Ministry of Health, Government of India. The main
responsibility of the Bureau is compilation of National Health five-year-plans. It is
necessary to review briefly the health policy and targets, investments and achievements
during the planning period. The national five-year-plans are implemented through the
community development programme which includes the health plans of the nation. Let us
know briefly Community Development Programme prior to review five-year-plans
(FYP).
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

The term "Community Development" is of recent origin in India. It is a process which is

designed to promote better living of whole community, with active participation by the
Community itself along with Government efforts.

According to UNO, "Community Development is the process by which the efforts of the
people themselves are united with those governmental authorities to improve the
economic social and cultural conditions of communities, to integrate those communities
with the life of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully to nation's progress.

Thus, Community Development may be defined as "a process designed to create

conditions of economic and social progress of the whole community with its active
participation and the fullest possible reliance upon the community's initiatives".

Community Development is a method to facilitate social, economic and cultural progress

of the rural people through a multi-disciplinary approach of availing the manpower,
material, leadership and other resources of the community itself.

The main aim of the programme is to improve all aspects of rural life which means
alround upliftment of the rural people. Community development programme is an
integrated programme trying to cover major areas which includes, agriculture, animal
husbandry, irrigation, education, public health, rural industries communication etc.
The main objective of the community development programme is to bridge the gap
between poverty, disease and ignorance through the community efforts, thus awakening
the interest and enthusiasm of the millions of people in improving their own conditions.
Thus the community development was described as a programme of the people, for the
people and by the people to exterminate the triple enemies viz. poverty, ill-health and
ignorance.

The programme of community developments was launched in India during 1952 (2-10-
1952), because India can be still regarded as "land of villages", currently about 80 per
cent of people live in 5.76 lakhs villages. They form the backbone of the society and are
the mainstay for the alround social and economic development of the country. They are
the real wealth of the nation to the extent they are fit enough to produce wealth.
Unfortunately, their general welfare including "health" had been very much neglected in
the past Community development programme is a multipurpose scheme consisting of the
certain

activities related to health field as follows:

1. Integration of the health needs of villagers to the authorities responsible for and
implementing the health programmes planning

2. Development of agriculture

3. Improvement of communication

4. Improvement of education 5. Improvement of health

6. Improvement of rural sanitation

7. Improvement of housing arts, crafts and cottage industries

8. Improvement of animal husbandry

 9. Improvement of co-operative marketing 10. Special programmes for women and
children

11. Enhance the community participation in all programmes.

HISTORY
The Planning Commission was set up in March 1950.The main objective of the Government to
promote a rapid rise in the standard of living of the people by
 efficient exploitation of the resources of the country
 increasing production and
 offering opportunities to all for employment in the service of the community
The Planning Commission was charged with the responsibility of making assessment of all
resources of the country, augmenting deficient resources, formulating plans for the most
effective and balanced utilization of resources, and determining priorities. Jawaharlal Nehru was
the first Chairman of the Planning Commission.
FUNCTIONS OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF INDIA
 To make assessment of the resources of the country and to see which resources are
deficient.
 To formulate plans for the most effective and balanced utilization of country's resources.
 To indicate the factors which are hampering economic development.
 To determine the machinery, that would be necessary for the successful implementation
of each stage of plan.
 Periodical assessment of the progress of the plan.
 The commission is seeing to maximize the output with minimum resources with the
changing times.
 The Planning Commission has set the goal of constructing a long-term strategic vision for
the future.
 It sets sectoral targets and provides the catalyst to the economy to grow in the right
direction.
 The Planning Commission plays an integrative role in the development of a holistic
approach to the formulation of policies in critical areas of human and economic
development.
FIVE YEAR PLAN

 First five-year plan: (1951-56)

 Second five-year plan: (1956-61)
 Third five-year plan: (1961-66)
 Fourth five-year plan: (1969-73)
 Fifth five- year plan: (1974-79)
 Sixth five-year plan: (1980-85)
 Seventh five-year plan: (1985-90)
 Eighth five-year plan: (1992-97)
 Ninth five-year plan:(1997-2002)
 Tenth five-year plan: (2002-2007)
 Eleventh five-year plan:(2007-2011)
 Twelth five-year plan: (2012-2016)
FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1951-56)
First Five Year Plan Prior to the commencement of the first five-year-plan, the health status of
the people of India was very low, which includes

Lack of hygienic environment sanitation conducive to healthy living

Low resistance power due to lack of adequate diet
Prevalence of malnutrition and poor nutrition
Lack of proper housing, supply of pure drinking water and proper disposal of human wastes
Lack of medical care
Lack of general and health education, and Low economic status.
And inadequate financial resources and lack of trained health personnel the whole
programme of health developments was tied with a broader programme of social
development .While considering the above facts, a seven point public health programme with the
following priorities formed the basis of the first five-year-plan:

1. Provision of water supply and sanitation.

2. Control of malaria.
3. Preventive health care of the rural population through health units and mobile units.
4. Health Services for mothers and children.
5.Education and training and health education
6. Self-sufficiency in drugs and equipment
7. Family planning and population control.
During this plan period the public sector outlay was Rs. 2,356 crores of which Rs. 140 crores
(5.9%) were allotted for health programmes. The actual expenditure, however, amounted to Rs.
1960 crores and Rs. 101 crores respectively,
The First Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru Presented the First Five-year Plan to the
Parliament of India on 8th December 1951. The first plan sought to get the country's economy
out of the cycle of poverty. The plan addressed, mainly the agrarian sector, including
investments in dams and irrigation. Agriculture sector was hit hardest by the partition and needed
urgent attention.
Aim
 To fight against diseases, malnutrition, and unhealthy environment
 To build up health services for rural population and for mothers and children in order
 To improve general health status of the people.
Priorities
 Safe water supply and sanitation
 Control of malaria
 Health care of rural population
 Health services for mothers and children
 Education, training and health education
 Self-sufficiency in drugs and equipment
 Family planning and population control
Major development
The year 1951
It was started with outlay of 2,356 crores.
 BCG vaccination programme was initiated in the country to prevent and control
tuberculosis.
The Year 1952
A Pilot project of community development programme was launched in 55 project areas on 2nd
October, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi to get rid of three ills from the society namely poverty,
ill health and ignorance through bovver, all development of the rural areas.
 The central council of health was set up.
 Primary Health centres were set up to render health services in rural areas.
 Virus Research centre was set up in Pune.
  Auxiliary Nurse Midwife' (ANM) training was started to train ANM to function in a
network of subcentre and primary health centres in the rural areas and provide
comprehensive Maternal and Child health and Family Welfare services under the
supervision of LHV/ PHN at the block level.
The Year 1953
 The community development program was extended to National level on 2nd October
and was called as community development and National Extension Service programme.
 National Malaria control programme was launched.
 National Smallpox Eradication programme was launched.
 National family planning programme was launched.
 A committee was set up to draft a model public Health act for the country.
The Year 1954
 The contributory central Government Health scheme was started at Delhi.
 The central social welfare Board was set up.
 The National leprosy control programme was launched.
 The National water supply and sanitation programme was launched.
 The prevention of food Adulteration Act was enacted.
 VDRL Antigen Production centre was set up at Kolkata.
 Shetty committee.
The Year 1955
 The National Filaria control programme was launched.
 A Filaria Training centre was set up at Ernakulum, Kerala.
 The Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute was started at Chengalpattu,
Madras.
 National TB sample survey was started.
 The minimum marriage age of 18 years for boys and 15 for girls was prescribed by Hindu
marriage Act.
With all these developments, health and medical facilities improved. Health services were
rendered to rural population from the primary Health centres (PHC).
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN (1956-61)
The second five-year plan focused on industry, especially heavy industry. Domestic production
of industrial products was encouraged, particularly in the development of the public sector.
Aim
 To expand existing health services to bring them within the reach of all people.
 To promote progressive improvement of Nation's health.
Priorities
The priorities of the second five-year plan were:
 Establishment of Institutional facilities for rural as well as for urban population.
 Development of technical Manpower.
 Control of communicable diseases.
 Water supply and sanitation.
 Family planning and other supporting programs.
The major developments
The Year 1956
 Draft Model Public Health Act was Prepared by the committee and published.
 Director, Family planning was appointed at the center.
 The Demographic Training and Research centre was established in Mumbai.
 The central Health Education Bureau was set up at the center.
 The Tuberculosis chemotherapy centre was set of at Madras (Chennai).
 The pilot project of Trachoma control programme was launched.
The Year 1957
The demographic research centres were established in Delhi, Kolkata and Madras (Chennai).
The Year 1958
 The National Malaria control programme was converted into National Eradication
programme.
 The National Tuberculosis survey was completed.
 The Leprosy Advisory committee of the Government of India was launched.
 A three tire structures were recommended as self-governing bodies at villages, districts
and tehsils.
The Year 1959
 Panchayati Raj was introduced in Rajasthan.
 The Nutrition Research Laboratory at Coonoor was shifted to Hyderabad.
 The National Institute of Tuberculosis was established at Bangalore.
 A central expert committee was constituted under the ICMR to study the problem of
smallpox and Cholera in India.
The Year 1960
Pilot projects of Smallpox eradication were started.
 Pilot study of smallpox eradication.
 A national nutrition advisory committee was formed.
  Vital statistics were transformed from DGHS to register general of India.
 School health committee.

THIRD FIVE-YEAR PALN (1961-66)

Aim
To remove the shortages and deficiencies which were observed at the end of the 2nd five year
plan in the field of health. These were pertaining to institutional facilities especially in rural
areas, shortages of trained personnel and supplies, lack of safe drinking water in rural areas and
inadequate drainage system.
Achievements
 Setting up central institute of family welfare. Smallpox eradication, goiter control,
beginning of national school health programmes.
 Applied nutritional programme 1963.
 1965-lippes loop
 Establishment of national institute of communicable diseases, Delhi.
 Mukherji committee report regarding strategies for family planning (1965) and
Jungalwala committee report (1967) on health services were also published during this
plan.
 Trachoma control programme and Chadah committee report on malaria eradication was
also presented during this period.
 1965-lippes loop

Plan Holiday: 1966-69: 1966 and 1968 (Famine Years)
The 4th Five-Year Plan which was to commence from 1966 was postponed till 1969. India faced
two wars one with China in 1962 and then with Pakistan in 1965. Economic difficulties disrupted
the planning process in the mid-1960s. The uncertain economic situation in the country came as
a huge set back to the economy as defence expenditure increased sharply and there was negative
impact on industrial and agriculture growth.
FOURTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1969-73)
Aim
To strengthen PHC network in the rural areas for undertaking preventive, curative, family
planning services and to take over the maintenance phase of communicable diseases.
Achievements
 Chittaranjan mobile hospitals (1970)
 Postpartum family planning programme (1970)
  Medical termination of pregnancy facility (1971)
 Multipurpose health workers scheme (1973)
 National programme of minimum needs (1973)
FIFTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1974-79)
Aim
To provide minimum level of well-integrated health, MCH and FP, nutrition and immunization
to all the people with special reference to vulnerable groups especially children, pregnant
women, and nursing mothers, through a network of infrastructure in all the blocks and well-
structured referral system.
Achievements
 Rural health scheme (1977)
 Integrated child development scheme (1975)
 Community health workers scheme (1977)
 National malaria eradication programme replaced by modified plan of operation (1977)
 India was declared free from smallpox (1975)
 National programme for prevention of blindness (1976)
 Shrivastava committee report on providing three tier health services in rural areas was
submitted (1976)
 ICDS was launched, National health and family planning institute were set up (1977) and
India accepted Alma-Ata declaration (health for all)
 Reorientation of medical education scheme (1977)
 Expanded programme of immunization (1978)
 Parliament approved child marriage restraint act (1978).
SIXTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1980-85)
Aim
To work out alternative strategy and plan of action for primary health care as part of national
health system, which is accessible to all section of society.
Achievements
 Alma Ata Declaration on PHC-1979
 National health policy-1983
 The national drinking water and sanitation decade-1981
 Leprosy control programme switched over to leprosy eradication programme-1983
 Guinea worm eradication programme-1983
 Government of India pledged to provide safe drinking water.
 Air pollution prevention Act and National health policy were also announced (1983).
  Bhopal gas tragedy (1984) was registered as a catastrophe from the perspective of public
health.
 ESI-1984
SEVENTH FIVE- YEAR PLAN (1985-90)
Aim
To plan and provide primary health care and medical services to all with special consideration of
vulnerable groups and to attain health for all by 2000 AD.
 Universal immunization programme (1985) and safe motherhood programme were
launched.
 20 Point programme -1986
 Juvenile justice programme -1986
 National diabetes control programme .
 Safe motherhood programme .-1987
 National Aids Control Programme (1989) was started.
 High power committee-1989
 ESI Act-1989
 Control of acute respiratory infection programme (1990)

EIGHTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1992- 97)

Aim
To continue organization and strengthening of health infrastructure and medical services
accessible to all especially to vulnerable groups and those living in tribal, hilly, remote rural
areas etc.
 Indian system of medicine was encouraged.
 Act on infant feeding and Infant foods (1992).
 Child survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) programmes started (1992).
 DOTS-1993
 Reproductive and child health programme (1994).
 Announcement of revised National Drug Policy (1995).
 Pulse polio immunization-1996
 Revised national TB Control programme (1997).
 IGNOU started a three-year Post basic BSc Nursing Programme (1995).
NINTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1997-2002)
Aim
Growth with Social Justice and Equity' Same as 8th Five Year Plan. Nursing education and
nursing services have been given a high priority in order to bridge the large gap between
requirement and availability of nurses and ensure quality of nursing training. Efforts are made to
meet the increasing demand for nurses with specialized training in specialty and sub-specialty
areas intensive medical and surgical care in hospitals and for public health nurses in health care
system. Ninth five-year plan targets have included fulfilling the health requirement of women,
adolescents and children, improving the quality of services and increasing the coverage.
Achievements
 Intensive Pulse Polio immunization programme (1999)
 National Malaria Control Programme
 National Population Policy (2000)
 National health policy (2000)
 Guinea worm disease was eradicated.
 Census completed.
 Planned Parenthood, control of STDs/STIS and AIDS/ HIV-2002.
 National Aids prevention and control policy.
 Finding the shortcoming and faults in conducting national health programme and
removing them.
 Recognizing the basic structure of family welfare.
 Paying special attention to IEC training, the at the national and district levels.
 Giving specific importance to RCH.
 Increasing health awareness in community and making efforts for setting up of education
commission in health services for medical, dentistry, pharmacy, and nursing personnel.
 Arranging funds for the female health workers at subcentres.
TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002- 2007)
Aim
 To improve the efficiency of existing health care infrastructure at primary, secondary and
tertiary care setting
 To attain universal primary education
 Gender equality
New Initiatives in the Tenth Plan
 The Reproductive and Child Health Programme, Phase II (2005-10)
 Janani Suraksha Yojana Support for six tertiary-level institutions on the lines of AIIMS,
Delhi in the six backward states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan,
Chhattisgarh, and Uttaranchal.
 Integrated Disease Surveillance Project National Mental Health Programme
 A Capacity Building Project Expanding outreach of AYUSH
 Two new national programs: National Programme on Diabetes and Cardiovascular
Diseases and National Programme on Hearing and Speech Impairment.
 Forest -2007
 Recommendations
 Implementation of a National Rural Health Mission
 Implementation of a National Mission on Sanitation and Public Health Provide access
to maternity health Insurance and community risk pooling. Systematization of
insurance at secondary health care levels through reform of the CGHS.
 Institutionalization of public private partnerships in health care.
 Set up of a Public Health Development Authority.
 Set up of a National Authority for Drugs and Therapeutics.
ELEVENTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (2007-2012)
Aim
 Achieve an overall growth rate of 7.6%
 Reduce poverty levels from 38 to 25%
 Achieve the literacy rate of 84% by the end of the Plan and reduce gender gap in literacy
to 14%. • Achieve reduction in dropout rate from 46.8% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12
and eliminate gender disparity in elementary education.
 Bring down population growth rate to 1.62% by 2012.
 Reduce infant mortality ratio to 28 and maternal mortality ratio to 1 per 1000 live births.
 Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1.
 Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and ensure that there are no slip-backs
 Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present level.
 Reduce anaemia among women and girls by 50% by the end of the plan.
 Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-17
 Ensure that at least 33 percent of the direct and indirect beneficiaries of all government
schemes are women and girl children.
 Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any compulsion to work.
Working Groups
 Health Informatics including Tele-Medicine
 Public Health Services (including Water and sanitation)
 Health on Women and Children
 Health Systems Research, Biomedical Research and Development and Regulation of
Drugs and Therapeutics
 Population stabilization
 Integrating nutrition with health
 Clinical Establishments, Professional Services Regulation and Accreditation of Health
Care Infrastructure
 Access to Health Systems including AYUSH
 Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases
  Health Care Financing including Health Insurance
 Public Private Partnership to improve health care delivery.
12TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN
The eleventh plan completed in march 2012 and the twelfth five-year plan start from April 2012.
12th Plan Strategy
 Strengthening the public sector health care.
 Substantially increase in health care expenditure.
 Efficient financial and managerial system.
 Coordinated delivery of services.
 Expansion of skilled human resource.
 Prescription drugs reform.
 Effective regulation through a public health cadre.
 Inclusive agenda.
 Pilots on universal health care.
Goals of 12th 5 Year Plan
 Reduce maternal mortality from 212 to 100
 Reduce IMR from 44 to 25
 Reduce underweight children below 3 years from 40 to 23%
 Increase child sex ratio from 914 to 950
 Reduce levels of anaemia among women from 55 to 28%
 Reduce total fertility rate from 2.5 to 2.1
 Reduce poor households' out-of-pocket expenditure on health.

NITI AAYOG
Government of India has established NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)
to replace Planning Commission on 1st January 2015. It will seek to provide a critical directional
and strategic input into the development process. NITI Aayog will emerge as a "think tank" that
will provide Governments at the central and state levels with relevant strategic and technical
advice across the spectrum of key elements of policy. In addition, the NITI Aayog will monitor
and evaluate the implementation of programmes, and focus on technology upgradation and
capacity building.
OBJECTIVES AND FEATURES

 To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities, sectors and strategies with
the active involvement of States.
 To foster cooperative federalism through structured support initiatives and mechanisms
with the States on a continuous basis, recognizing that strong States make a strong nation.
  To develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level and aggregate
these progressively at higher levels of the government
 To ensure, on areas that are specifically referred to it, that the interests of national
security are incorporated in economic strategy and policy.
 To pay special attention to the sections of our society that may be at risk of not benefiting
adequately from economic progress.
 To design strategic and long-term policy and programme frameworks and initiatives, and
monitor their progress and their efficacy. The lessons learnt through monitoring and
feedback will be used for making innovative improvements, including necessary mid-
course corrections.
 To provide advice and encourage partnerships between key stakeholders and national and
international like-minded think tanks, as well as educational and policy research
institutions.
 To create a knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial support system through a
collaborative community of national and international experts, practitioners and other
partners.
 To offer a platform for the resolution of inter-sectoral and inter-departmental issues in
order to accelerate the implementation of the development agenda.
 To maintain a state-of-the-art resource centre, be a repository of research on good
governance and best practices in sustainable and equitable development as well as help
their dissemination to stakeholders.
 To actively monitor and evaluate the implementation of programmes and initiatives,
including the identification of the needed resources to strengthen the probability of
success and scope of delivery.
 To focus on technology upgradation and capacity-building for implementation of
programmes and initiatives.
 To undertake other activities as may be necessary in order to further the execution of the
national development agenda, and the objectives mentioned above.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF NITI AAYOG

How NITI Aayog differ from planning commission

NITI Aayog Planning commission
Planning Bottom-up approach Top to down approach
Financial powers Advisory (powers Enjoyed financial powers
finance ministry)
State role More significance role- Limited to national
part of governing council development council
POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
One of the main objectives of NITI Aayog is to design strategic and long-term policy and
programme frameworks and initiatives. and monitor their progress and efficacy.
In 2021-22, NITI Aayog took the lead in setting up sectoral targets and fostering an environment
of innovation and cooperation by bringing together technology, enterprise, and efficient
management at the core of policy formulation and implementation.

1) Aspirational districts programme:

The Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) completed four years in January 2022-
with nearly two of those years in the throes of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Champions of Change dashboard-which monitors the performance of all 112
Aspirational Districts on the key performance indicators under the five thematic
categories of Health and Nutrition", Education', 'Agriculture and Water Resources',
'Skill Development and Financial Inclusion' and 'Basic Infrastructure-in its upgraded
version facilitates advanced data analytics and additionally provides monthly
performance and data quality reports to the Districts.
2) Asset monetisation
National Monetisation Pipeline
Pursuant to the announcement made in the Union Budget, 2021-22 NITI Aayog
prepared the National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) in consultation with the
infrastructure Line Ministries and based on an assessment of the available asset. base.
3) Health and nutrition
 Catalysing and Reforming Senior Care in India:
India currently enjoys a young demographic. However, by 2050, the ageing
population (60+ years) will be 19% of the total population, or 330 million
individuals. Currently, the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly
(NPHCE) and National Action Plan for Senior Citizens (NAPSIC) have laid
down the policy, governance framework and working guidelines for elderly
healthcare, along with enhancement of the existing infrastructure
 R&D and Innovation for Pharma and Med-Tech:
A high-level committee-comprising senior representative of NITI Aayog and
other Central Ministries, along with industry captains-was constituted in May
2020 to finalize a policy on research and development (R&D) and innovation
in the pharmaceuticals and medical devices sectors.
 Integrative Medicine:
NITI Aayog was mandated to prepare a policy paper on integrative medicine.
Consequently, a committee was constituted for developing an integrative
health policy paper. So far, seven meetings have been held. The committee
constituted four working groups, with more than 50 experts across.
  White Paper on Promoting Domestic Manufacture of Medical Devices:
The paper analyses various scenarios for the manufacturing of different medical
technologies and makes recommendations to augment and strengthen production
in each scenario.
 Emergency and Injury Care at Secondary and Tertiary-Level Centres and
District Hospitals
 Study on Not-For-Profit Hospital Model in India
 Investment opportunities in India’s health care sector
4) Industry reforms
 Foreign Trade Policy:
The Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) of India provides the basic framework for
promoting India's exports and trade. India's new Foreign Trade Policy (FTP)
is being prepared against the backdrop of Covid-19, whose impact will be felt
even after the pandemic has receded.
 Production linked incentive scheme
5) Women and child development
 Poshan Abhiyan
 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana
 Rice fortification
6) Urban development
 Reforms in urban planning capacity

Monitoring and evaluation

The Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO), an attached unit of NITI, is
driving accountability in governance through proper monitoring and evaluation, along with the
other Verticals.
DEVELOPMENT MONITORING AND EVALUATION OFFICE
DMEO is the apex monitoring and evaluation (M&E) office of the Government of India. Its
ambit of work also includes technical advice to the States, under NITI Aayog's mandate of
cooperative and competitive federalism.
DMEO's major projects in 2021-22 included:
1.Output-Outcome Monitoring Framework
2. Data Governance Quality Index
3.Global Indices for Reforms and Growth
4. Infrastructure Sector Review
5. Institutionalizing and Promoting Evaluations
6. Engagement with States (Section IV Cooperative Federalism)
7. Partnerships with Academic Institutions
8. Capacity-Building
9.Other Activities for Institutional Strengthening

COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM
NITI Aayog has also established models and programmes for the development of infrastructure
and to reignite and establish public-private partnership, such as the Development Support
Services to States and Union Territories, and the Sustainable Action for Transforming Human
Capital programme.
THINK-TANK ACTIVITIES
In 2021-22, NITI Aayog undertook significant steps towards mainstreaming technology for
achieving the development goals of the Government. It actively collaborated with the private
sector to help the country address grave challenges in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, apart
from continuing to explore the many economic and social potential of artificial intelligence and
other emerging technologies.

common technologies
 Unified logistics interface platform
Aimed at digitizing India's supply chain, the Unified Logistics Interface
Platform (ULIP) is designed to provide an integrated, vendor-agnostic
platform that can be effectively utilized for connecting various logistics
stakeholders spread across multiple Ministries, enterprises, and associations.

 SamShiskha
SamShiksha is India's first virtual university with a curated catalogue of
courses mapped to the UGC curricula with high-quality, low cost, flexible,
outcome-driven degree offerings.
 Unnati
A technology platform to digitally enable livelihood access for 22 crore blue
and grey collar workers.
 KYC Setu
This is an instant, cost-effective and completely digital solution to enable
KYC using UPI as an interoperable infrastructure layer. As simple as making
a UPI digital payment, this is an easy plug-and play utility that requires
minimal work by NPCI, banks and fintech and yet allows instant, secure and
fully-digital e-KYC platform on any mobile phone.
 Kaashi
 Kaashi is a low-risk lending product for the lower-middle-income class that
leverages Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) income for underwriting. The
product, currently being led by DFS and NITI Aayog, is in the final stages of
development and integration with various entities and systems, such as banks.
 Swasth
The Swasth Alliance aims to leverage digital technologies to drive healthcare
inclusion in the count improve health outcomes.
 Krishi Neev
Krishi Neev helped in identifying use cases of a technology platform to
promote technology intervention in agriculture. However, it could not
translate into conceptualizing an actual common platform.

CONCLUSION
The 12th five-year plan concluded in 2017 and the five- year plan got terminated. The five-year
plan is now replaced by the NITI Aayog 3year action agenda, 7year strategy paper and 15year
vision document. The First Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru Presented the First Five-
year Plan to the Parliament of India on 8th December 1951. The first plan sought to get the
country's economy out of the cycle of poverty. The plan addressed, mainly the agrarian sector,
including investments in dams and irrigation. Agriculture sector was hit hardest by the partition
and needed urgent attention.

Reference
1. Bijayalakshmi Dash, A comprehensive Text book of community health nursing, As per
INC syllabus, The Health science publishers, First edition, 2017, page no: 423- 429, 344-
347, 317- 325.
2. AH suryakanda, Community medicine with recent advances, Jaypee brothers’ medical
publishers, 5th edition, 2019, page no: 750-751,740- 742
3. G.Gnana prasuna, T. Vasundara Thulasi, Community health nursing -2, Frontline
publications, Reprint edition, 2016, page no: 194- 213, 39-48
4. K. Park, Park’s Text book of preventive and social medicine, M/s Banarsidas bhanot
publishers, 25th edition February 2019, page no: 939- 942.
5. Shabeer. P. Basheer, S. Yaseen Khan, A concise Text book of Advanced Nursing
practice, EMMESS Medical publishers, 2nd edition, 2017, page no: 625-628
6. www.niti.gov.in