Review of Related Literature

Mayana (Coleus blumei Benth)

Coleus blumei Benth or more locally known as Mayana is an erect, branched,

fleshy, annual herb, about 1 meter in height. Stems characteristics are purplish in

color and 4-angled. Notable characteristics of its leaves vary from being blotched or

colored, usually more or less hairy, ovate, 5 to 10 centimeters long, rather coarsely

toothed in the margins; and in the most common form uniformly velvety-purple.

Coleuses are fragile tropical plants that are usually found in the wild. The plants are

grown as annuals. The leaves of these plants come in a variety of shapes. Several

colors, such as chartreuse and rust, are combined in bedding plants.purple-black, red,

and cream Some cultivars have almost as many varieties as there are cultivars.

Flowers can be seen in purplish colour, numerous, and borne in inflorescences that are

loose, terminal, simple, or branching, around 15 to 30 centimeters long. Locally

Mayana is known to has medical and healing properties as its pounded leaves is used

as a cure for headaches, applied to the temples or nape of the neck. It is also known

for its properties in healing bruises.

In a study of Swtmine (2009), it is founded that the Mayana leaves can be

made into a food coloring and can be considered as a potential source of food coloring

production. The study yielded that the food coloring observed to be violet in color and

pure odor. According to the result of the survey, the product was food coloring like in

odor.
Ink

Ink, according to Encyclopedia.com (2011), is a combination of a coloring agent

pigment and liquid containing oils, resins chemical solvents. Ink was previously made

from various colored fluids, plant and animal extracts. But today, synthetic materials

are used in addition to these natural ingredients to improve the quality of ink making;

however, ink must have two basic components: the pigment coloring and the vehicle,

a liquid which allow the ink to be dispersed.

It was also noted by Robbins (2010) that pens with their own ink source and a tip

constructed of absorbent and crushed fibres are known as marker pens.and was first

created by Sidney Rosenthal in 1952. This marker pen had been one of the commonly

used writing instruments for about fifty years.

Lopierre, Lopi also stated that, long before, ink is usually made from natural

products such as berries, barks, and leaves extract. They have been used for centuries

to create numerous colors and when mixed to other substances can be ink, dye or

paint.

Furthermore, "the ink," according to an article in the Student's Encyclopedia,

should leave a durable imprint that does not fade when exposed to light once dried

Alternatively, you might run away from dampness. When written in a journal, it

should flow freely and dry swiftly on the surface, and it must be free of anything that

could harm the pen or the paper."

In a study conducted by Alguzar (2016) entitled “Plants Extract as an

Alternative Ink for Markers” they concluded that that in order to create your own

marker ink out from plants extract you need to balance the amount of water and plant

source for it to produce a natural odor and color; to avoid the spreading of ink on the

fabric or paper and to maintain the good quality of the marker ink.( Alguzar et al,

2016)

Another study by Agape(2018) collected a data, that the quality of Mayana

(Coleus blumei Benth) and San Francisco (Codiaeum variegatum) ink is effective in

terms of Color, Texture, Absorption and Fast Drying. The colors that can be extracted

from Mayana and San Francisco leaves were light red violet, red violet, magenta, light

violet and violet. On the same study they concluded that the alternative ink that

contains Mayana and San Francisco Leave Extract is an effective ink for markers.