LINGUISTIC STYLISTICS AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

GROUP 5:

TORREFRANCA, Angelica

TURCAL, Mikaela

VALLEGA, Angel Kate

VELASCO, Lindsay Crystal

VINA, Jomelyn

VOLUNTAD, Desiree

BSE 201C ENGLISH

2023
PRE-TEST

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space

provided.

1. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations.

A. Genre Analysis

B. Critical Discourse Analysis

C. Transcription

D. Identity

2. Unlike linguistic approaches that focus only on the rules of language use, discourse analysis

emphasizes the _______________ of language.

A. Contextual Meaning

B. Literal Meaning

C. Bilateral Meaning

D. Unidentified Meaning

3. It means a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in

form, style, or subject matter.

A. Genre

B. Genre Analysis

C. Coherence

D. Discourse
4. What approach is focuses on the moves and steps analysis within a genre?

A. New Rhetoric

B. C.A.R.S Model

C. Functional Systematist Method

D. Transcription

5. In a piece of writing it means that the reader can easily understand it.

A. Cohesion

B. Coherence

C. Transitional devices

D. Conjunctive adverbs

6. This is a subset of Coherence.

A. Adverbal Conjunctions

B. Transitional devices

C. Cohesion

D. Coherence

7. It is the other term of Transitional Devices

A. Conjunctive adverbs or adverbal conjunctions

B. Conjunctive adverbal or adverbs conjunctions

C. Adverbal conjunctive or conjunctions adverbal

D. Adverbal conjunctive or conjunctive adverbs

8. It is the systematic representation of language in written form.

 A. Linguistic

B. Sociolinguistics

C. Transcription

D. Translation

9. It is a way of describing materials to make them easy to identify and locate.

A. Cataloguing

B. Discourse Data

C. Informativity

D. Textuality

10. A research method for studying written or spoken language in relation to its social context.

A. Conversational Codes

B. Discourse Analysis

C. Grammar

D. Vocabulary

11. It can be described as the condition of being a person and/or the process by which we become persons.

A. Identity

B. Subjectivity

C. Power

D. Discourse

12. It is based on knowledge and makes use of knowledge; on the other hand, reproduces knowledge by

shaping it in accordance with its anonymous intentions.

 A. Identity

B. Subjectivity

C. Power

D. Discourse

13. It is an approach to the analysis of written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic

event.

A. Identity

B. Subjectivity

C. Power

D. Discourse

14. It is the language that teachers and students use to communicate with each other in the classroom.

A. . Discourse Analysis

B. B. Stylistics

C. Discourse Language

D. Classroom Discourse

15. Which does not include in Structure of Classroom Discourse?

A. A teacher asks a question

B. One or two students answer

C. The teacher comments on the students' answers

D. A teacher will give a task

Answer Key:

1. B

2. A

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. C

7. A

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. D

14. D

15. D
LINGUISTIC STYLISTICS AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Scope Topic:

• Definition of Discourse Analysis

• Genre Analysis

• Coherence and Cohesion

• Transcription, Cataloguing and Analyzing Discourse Data

• Identity, Subjectivity, Power, and Discourse

• Discourse Studies in the Classroom

Definition of Discourse Analysis

Critical Discourse Analysis – (or discourse analysis) is a research method for studying written or spoken

language in relation to its social context. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations.

What is Discourse Analysis Used For?

Conducting discourse analysis means examining how language functions and how meaning is created in

different social contexts. It can be applied to any instance of written or oral language, as well as non-

verbal aspects of communication such as tone and gestures.

How is Discourse Analysis Different From Other Methods?

➢ Unlike linguistic approaches that focus only on the rules of language use, discourse analysis

emphasizes the contextual meaning of language.

➢ It focuses on the social aspects of communication and the ways people use language to achieve

specific effects (e.g. to build trust, to create doubt, to evoke emotions, or to manage conflict).

➢ Instead of focusing on smaller units of language, such as sounds, words or phrases, discourse

analysis is used to study larger chunks of language, such as entire conversations, texts, or

collections of texts. The selected sources can be analyzed on multiple levels.

COMPREHENSION TEST: Definition of Discourse Analysis

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space

provided.

1. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations.

A. Genre Analysis

B. Critical Discourse Analysis

C. Transcription

D. Identity

2. Conducting discourse analysis means examining how ____________ and how meaning is created in

different social contexts.

A. Genre

B. Discourse

C. Data

D. Language Functions

3. It can be applied to any instance of written or oral language, as well as ___________ of communication

such as tone and gestures.

A. Music Aspect

B. Technical Aspect

C. Non-Verbal Aspect

D. Human Aspect
4. Unlike linguistic approaches that focus only on the rules of language use, discourse analysis

emphasizes the _______________ of language.

A. Contextual Meaning

B. Literal Meaning

C. Bilateral Meaning

D. Unidentified Meaning

5. It focuses on the ________ of communication and the ways people use language to achieve specific

effects.

A. External Aspects

B. Internal Aspects

C. Social Aspects

D. Imperial Aspects

6. Instead of focusing on ______ units of language, such as sounds, words or phrases, discourse analysis

is used to study larger chunks of language.

A. Bigger

B. Detailed

C. Different

D. Smaller

7. The selected sources can be analyzed on ______________.

A. Single Levels

B. Multiple Levels

C. Two Levels
 D. Different Levels

8. Conducting _____________ means examining how language functions and how meaning is created

in different social contexts.

A. Discourse Analysis

B. Demo Teaching

C. Music Analysis

D. Classroom Discourse

9. It is a research method for studying written or spoken language in relation to its social context.

A. Analysis

B. Discourse

C. Music Analysis

D. Critical Discourse Analysis

10. Conducting discourse analysis means examining how language functions and how _______ is created

in different social contexts.

A. Meaning

B. Music

C. Literature

D. Prose

Answer Key:

1. B
2. D

3. C

4. A

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. D

10. A
Genre Analysis

What is Genre? (General Definition)

Genre means a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in

form, style, or subject matter.

Genre (In Applied Linguistics)

It is a social action and speech event that has communicative goal shared by the members of a particular

discourse community.

Genre Analysis - is a process of looking at several samples of particular genre to analyze their similarities

and differences in terms of their purposes, macrostructure and language choice.

Genre Analysis: The C.A.R.S. Model

The Creating a Research Space [C.A.R.S.] Model was developed by John Swales based upon his analysis

of journal articles representing a variety of discipline-based writing practices. His model attempts to

explain and describe the organizational pattern of writing the introduction to scholarly research studies.

C.A.R.S. Model

Move 1: Establishing a Move 2: Establishing a Niche Mov 3: Occupying the Niche

Territory (The Situation) (The Problem) (The Solution)

Step 1 – Claiming importance of, Step 1a – Counterclaiming, or Step 1a – Outing purposes, or

and/or

Step 2 – Making topic Step 1b – Indicating a gap, or Step 1b – Announcing present

generalizations, and/or research

Step 1c – Question-raising, or Step 2 – Announcing principle

findings

Step 3 – Reviewing items of Step 1d – Continuing a tradition Step 3 – Indicating article

previous research structure

COMPREHENSION TEST: Genre Analysis

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space

provided.

1. It means a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in

form, style, or subject matter.

A. Genre

B. Genre Analysis

C. Coherence

D. Discourse

2. What is a process of looking at several samples of particular genre to analyze their similarities and

differences in terms of their purposes, macrostructure and language choice.

A. Cohesion

B. Genre

C. Genre Analysis

D. Discourse

3. A social action and speech event that has communicative goal shared by the members of a particular

discourse community.

A. Genre Analysis

B. Genre

C. Coherence

D. Discourse
4. Who created the C.A.R.S Model?

A. John Whales

B. John Swales

C. John Legend

D. Noam Chomsky

5. What approach in genre analysis is focusing on the forms and functions of language?

A. C.A.R.S Model

B. New Rhetoric

C. Functional Systematist Method

D. Victorian Model

6. What approach focuses on the moves and steps analysis within a genre?

A. New Rhetoric

B. C.A.R.S Model

C. Functional Systematist Method

D. New Approach

7. What approach focuses on the intention and effect of language?

A. Functional Systematist Method

B. New Rhetoric

C. C.A.R.S Model

D. New Approach

8. How many moves are in the C.A.R.S Model?

 A. 5

B. 4

C. 3

D. 7

9. What is the first move in C.A.R.S Model?

A. Establishing a Territory [the situation]

B. Establishing a Niche [the problem]

C. Occupying the Niche [the solution]

D. Identifying the Niche [the identification]

10. What is the second move in C.A.R.S Model?

A. Establishing a Territory [the situation]

B. Establishing a Niche [the problem]

C. Occupying the Niche [the solution]

D. Identifying the Niche [the identification]

11. What is the third move in C.A.R.S Model?

A. Establishing a Territory [the situation]

B. Establishing a Niche [the problem]

C. Occupying the Niche [the solution]

D. Identifying the Niche [the identification]

12. In what words do a C.A.R.S stands for?

A. Creating a Research Space

 B. Completing a Research Space

C. Creating a Research System

D. Creating a Round System

13. It is a unit that relates both to the writer’s purpose and to the content that s/he wishes to communicate.

A. Move

B. Step

C. Model

D. Approach

14. It is a lower-level text unit than the move that provides a detailed perspective on the options open to

the writer in setting out moves in the introduction.

A. Move

B. Step

C. Model

D. Approach

15. He attempts to explain and describe the organizational pattern of writing the introduction to scholarly

research studies.

A. John Whales

B. John Swales

C. John Legend

D. Noam Chomsky
Answer Key:

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. C

12. A

13. A

14. B

15. B
Coherence and Cohesion

Coherence in a piece of writing means that the reader can easily understand it. Coherence is about making

everything flow smoothly. The reader can see that everything is logically arranged and connected, and

relevance to the central focus of the essay is maintained throughout.

Cohesion

• It is a subset of Coherence

• Cohesion specifically pays attention to links between words and sentences (micro-level).

• Derived from the word “Cohere” which means to “stick together”

• Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing which ensures that the words and sentences you

use stick together

• Cohesion tells the reader the direction you take as a writer (navigate)

• Roadmap is one example of a cohesion device

Here is a chart of the transitional devices (also called conjunctive adverbs or adverbal conjunctions)

accompanied with a simplified definition of function.

ADDING SEQUENCING ILLUSTRATING

And First, firstly, first of all For example

As well as Second, secondly… Such as

Moreover Third For instance

Furthermore Next In the case of

In addition Meanwhile As shown by

Too Now Illustrated by

On top of that Subsequently Take…

Another point is One example is..

COMPARING QUALIFYING CONTRASTING

Similarly But Whereas

Likewise However Alternatively

As with Although Unlike

Like Unless On the other hand

Equally Except Conversely

In the same way Apart form Having said that

As long as Nevertheless

If However

CAUSE AND EFFECT SUMMARY EMPHASIZING

Because In short Above all

Because of On the whole In particular

As a result of In other words Especially

Consequently On the whole Significantly

Therefore Overall Indeed

Thus Generally notably

Owing to In general

Due to In brief
COMPREHENSION TEST: Coherence and Cohesion

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space

provided.

1. It is the other term of Transitional Devices

A. Conjuctive adverbs or adverbal conjunctions

B. Conjunctive adverbal or adverbs conjunctions

C. Adverbal conjunctive or conjunctions adverbal

D. Adverbal conjunctive or conjuctive adverbs

2. Cohesion is derived from the word “Cohere” which means to “stick ________”

A. Togetherness

B. Above

C. Words

D. Together

3. This is a subset of Coherence.

A. Adverbal Conjunctions

B. Transitional devices

C. Cohesion

D. Coherence

4. Roadmap is one example of a _____ device.

A. Cohesion
 B. Coherence

C. Transitional

D. Conjunction

5. In a piece of writing it means that the reader can easily understand it.

A. Cohesion

B. Coherence

C. Transitional devices

D. Conjunctive adverbs

6. The word Moreover and furthermore is what kind of transitional devices?

A. Adding

B. Contrasting

C. Summary

D. Comparing

7. ______ tells the reader the direction you take as a writer

A. Coherence

B. Conjunctive

C. Cohesion

D. Conjunctions

8. What type of transitional devices is the example word "second or secondly"?

A. Illustrating

B. Adding
 C. Summary

D. Sequencing

9. What type of transitional devices is the example word "because or because of "?

A. Qualifying

B. Cause and effect

C. Sequencing

D. Illustrating

10. What type of transitional devices is the example word "for example or for instance"?

A. Comparing

B. Sequencing

C. Illustrating

D. Adding

11. Cohesion is an important feature of ______ writing which ensures that the words and sentences you

use stick together.

A. Studies

B. Academic

C. Coherence

D. Adverbal

12. What type of transitional devices is the example word "in general or generally"?

A. Adding

B. Contrasting
 C. Summary

D. Sequencing

13. _______ is about making everything flow smoothly.

A. Sequencing

B. Coherence

C. Cohesion

D. Adding

14. What type of transitional devices is the example word "similarly and equally"?

A. Adding

B. Illustrating

C. Sequencing

D. Comparing

15. First, I’ll explain the rules of the game. What transitional words used to this sentence?

A. Explain

B. Game

C. First

D. Rules

Answer Key:

1. A

2. D
3. C

4. A

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. B

10. C

11. B

12. C

13. B

14. D

15. C
Transcription

Transcription in the linguistic sense is the systematic representation of language in written form. The

source can either be utterances (speech) or preexisting text in another writing system, although some

linguists consider only the former to be transcription.

Transcription should not be confused with translation, which means representing the meaning of a source

language text in a target language or with transliteration which means representing a text from one script

in another.

In the academic discipline of linguistics, transcription is an essential part of the methodologies of

phonetics, conversation analysis, dialectology and sociolinguistics. It also plays an important role for

several subfields of speech technology. Common examples for transcriptions outside academia are the

proceedings of a court hearing such as a criminal trial or a physician's recorded voice notes.

2 Approaches to Transcription

1. Phonetic transcription

Phonetic transcription focuses on phonetic and phonological properties of spoken language. Systems for

phonetic transcription thus furnish rules for mapping individual sounds or phonemes to written symbols.

Phonetic transcription focuses on phonetic and phonological properties of spoken language. Systems for

phonetic transcription thus furnish rules for mapping individual sounds or phonemes to written symbols.

2. Orthographic transcription

Systems for orthographic transcription, by contrast, consist of rules for mapping spoken words onto

written forms as prescribed by the orthography of a given language. Phonetic transcription operates with

specially defined character sets, usually the International Phonetic Alphabet. Systems for orthographic

transcription, by contrast, consist of rules for mapping spoken words onto written forms as prescribed by
the orthography of a given language. Phonetic transcription operates with specially defined character sets,

usually the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Cataloguing and Analyzing Discourse Data

In library and information science, cataloging (US) or cataloguing (UK) is the process of creating

metadata representing information resources, such as books, sound recordings, moving images, etc. It

provides information such as author's names, titles, and subject terms that describe resources, typically

through the creation of bibliographic records.

Cataloguing is a way of describing materials to make them easy to identify and locate. A catalogue

describing all the materials in a resource center is like a key to the collection. It helps users to identify

useful materials and know where to find them.

Discourse Analysis

Discourse analysis is a research method for studying written or spoken language in relation to its social

context. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations.

The range of options for discourse analysis is wide. Discourse studies can focus on different components

of language, called “standards of textuality,” such as intentionality, acceptability, informativity,

situationality, and intertextuality (Beaugrande, 1997).

1. Intentionality refers to what speakers intend.

2. Acceptability refers to the degree to which hearers engage the discourse and whether the discourse

meets with their approval and understanding.

3. Informativity concerns how new or unexpected the information is.

4. Situationality refers to ongoing circumstances. Intertextuality refers to a text’s relations with other

texts.

How to Analyze Discourse Data?

Levels of What is analyzed?

Communication

Vocabulary Words and phrases can be analyzed for ideological associations,

formality, and euphemistic and metaphorical content.

Grammar The way that sentences are constructed (e.g. verb tenses, active or

passive construction, and the use of imperatives and questions) can

reveal aspects of intended meaning.

Structure The structure of a text can be analyzed for how it creates emphasis

or builds a narrative.

Genre Texts can be analyzed in relation to the conversations and

communicate aims of their genre (e. g. political speeches or tabloid

newspaper articles).

Non-verbal Non-verbal aspects of speech, such as tone of voice, pauses,

communication gestures, and sounds like “um” can reveal aspects of a speaker’s

intentions, attitudes, and emotions.

Conversational The interaction between people in a conversation, such as turn-

Codes taking, interruptions and listener response, can reveal aspects of

cultural conventions and social roles.

COMPREHENSION TEST: Transcription, Cataloguing and Analyzing Discourse Data

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space

provided.

1. It is the systematic representation of language in written form.

A. Linguistic

B. Sociolinguistics

C. Transcription

D. Translation

2. It consist of rules for mapping spoken words onto written forms as prescribed by the orthography of a

given language.

A. Phonetic Transcription

B. Orthographic Transcription

C. Textuality

D. Translation

3. A phonetic and phonological properties of spoken language and furnish rules for mapping individual

sounds or phonemes to written symbols.

A. Phonetic Transcription
 B. Orthographic Transcription

C. Textuality

D. Translation

4. A way of describing materials to make them easy to identify and locate.

A. Cataloguing

B. Discourse Data

C. Informativity

D. Textuality

5. A research method for studying written or spoken language in relation to its social context.

A. Conversational Codes

B. Discourse Analysis

C. Grammar

D. Vocabulary

6. The degree to which hearers engage the discourse and whether the discourse meets with their approval

and understanding.

A. Acceptability

B. Informativity
 C. Intentionality

D. Situationality

7. It concerns how new or unexpected the information is.

A. Acceptability

B. Informativity

C. Intentionality

D. Situationality

8. It refers to what speakers intend

A. Acceptability

B. Informativity

C. Intentionality

D. Situationality

9. A level which a text can be analyzed for how it creates emphasis or builds a narrative.

A. Conversational Codes

B. Genre

C. Grammar

D. Structure
10. The interaction between people in a conversation, such as turn-taking, interruptions and listener

response, can reveal aspects of cultural conventions and social roles.

A. Conversational Codes

B. Genre

C. Grammar

D. Structure

Answer Key:

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. A

5. B

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. D

10. A
Identity, Subjectivity, Power, and Discourse

Identity

Identity pertains to cultural descriptions with which we emotionally identify and which concerns

sameness and difference, the personal and the social.

Identity is a process through unconscious system.

Identity in Cultural Studies

For cultural studies, identity is cultural construction because the discursive resources that form the

material for identity formation are cultural in character.

2 Types of Identity

• Self-Identity refers to the verbal concepts we hold ourselves and our emotional identification with

those self-description.

• Social-Identity refers to the expectation and opinions that others have of us.

Subjectivity

Subjectivity can be described as the condition of being a person and/or the process by which we become

persons.

Subjectivity in Cultural Studies

For cultural studies, subjectivity is often regarded as an effect of discourse, because subjectivity is

constituted by the subject position that discourse obliges us to take up.

What is Power?

Power is based on knowledge and makes use of knowledge; on the other hand, power reproduces

knowledge by shaping it in accordance with its anonymous intentions.

It is used when it comes to differentiating the levels of power due to cultural and social characteristics that

come about through societal upbringing. The ways we think and talk about a subject, influence, and reflect

the ways we act in relation to that subject.

What is Discourse?

‘Discourse transmits and produces power; it reinforces it, but also undermines and exposes it, rensers it

fragile and makes it possible to thwart'.

It is an approach to the analysis of written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic event.

4 Classes of Discourse

1. Descriptive Discourse

2. Narrative Discourse

3. Expository Discourse

4. Argumentative Discourse
• Descriptive Discourse

- When people use description, they generally rely on one of more of the five human senses to

describe something so that it becomes instantly memorable and relatable. It is usually used to

help the audience visualize people and places, but it can also put the audience in a particular

mood or create a certain type of atmosphere.

• Narrative Discourse

- The main goal of narrative writing or speaking is usually to tell a story, often in order to make

the audience feel differently about a certain topic. Narratives might take the form of a play,

novel, folk tale, memoir, or myth. Things usually unfold from a single person or character’s

perspective and tend to be very descriptive.

• Expository Discourse

- It refers to academic, factual, informational language that is typically found in textbooks,

classroom lectures, technical papers, and the like. Some of the major types of expository

discourse include: comparison (compare/contrast), causation (cause/effect), procedural

(temporal sequence).

• Argumentative Discourse

- It is a specific kind of communication, but one that is often broadly defined. Discourse is

defined as the social or public use of written or spoken language, or in other words,

communication between two or more parties. Within the general definition of discourse,

several different types of discourse apply.

COMPREHENSION TEST: Identity, Subjectivity, Power, and Discourse

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space

provided.

1. It pertains to cultural descriptions with which we emotionally identify and which concerns sameness

and difference, the personal and the social.

A. Identity

B. Subjectivity

C. Power

D. Discourse

2. It can be described as the condition of being a person and/or the process by which we become persons.

A. Identity

B. Subjectivity

C. Power

D. Discourse

3. It is based on knowledge and makes use of knowledge; on the other hand, reproduces knowledge by

shaping it in accordance with its anonymous intentions.

A. Identity

B. Subjectivity

C. Power

D. Discourse
4. It is an approach to the analysis of written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic

event.

A. Identity

B. Subjectivity

C. Power

D. Discourse

5. It refers to the expectation and opinions that others have of us.

A. Self-Identity

B. Social-Identity

C. Descriptive

D. Narrative

6. It refers to the verbal concepts we hold ourselves and our emotional identification with those self-

description.

A. Self-Identity

B. Social-Identity

C. Descriptive

D. Narrative

7. It is usually used to help the audience visualize people and places, but it can also put the audience in

a particular mood or create a certain type of atmosphere.

A. Descriptive Discourse

B. Narrative Discourse

C. Expository Discourse
 D. Argumentative Discourse

8. Its main goal is usually to tell a story, often in order to make the audience feel differently about a

certain topic.

A. Descriptive Discourse

B. Narrative Discourse

C. Expository Discourse

D. Argumentative Discourse

9. It refers to academic, factual, informational language that is typically found in textbooks, classroom

lectures, technical papers, and the like.

A. Descriptive Discourse

B. Narrative Discourse

C. Expository Discourse

D. Argumentative Discourse

10. It is a specific kind of communication, but one that is often broadly defined.

A. Descriptive Discourse

B. Narrative Discourse

C. Expository Discourse

D. Argumentative Discourse

Answer Key:

1. A

2. B
3. C

4. D

5. B

6. A

7. A

8. B

9. C

10. D
Discourse Studies in the Classroom

What is Classroom Discourse?

It is the language that teachers and students use to communicate with each other in the classroom.

Evolution of Classroom Discourse

- 1910 - Earliest systematic study of classroom discourse was reported

- 1930 - First use of audiotape recorders in classrooms was reported

- 1960 - Growth in the numbers of studies based on analysis of transcripts of classroom discourse

- 1973 - Break Rosenshine and Norma Furst described seventy-six different published systems

for analyzing classroom discourse

Structure of Classroom Discourse

1. A teacher asks a question.

2. One or two students answer.

3. The teacher comments on the students' answers

Bracha Alpert

1. SILENT - The teacher talks almost all the time

2. CONTROLLED - No one will answer if not asked

3. ACTIVE - Students talk primarily to each other

Researchers have noted that students are more likely to have their thinking changed by their peers than by

their teachers.

Significance of Classroom Discourse

• It brings clarity and distinctiveness in the speech.

• During interaction, teachers have the scope to identify the talent, intelligence and excellence of the

pupils.

• Learners can be prompted to think and do something new in the subject area.

• It provides learners with the scope of speaking and probing into his/her subjects.
COMPREHENSION TEST: Discourse Studies in the Classroom

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space

provided.

1. This year, the earliest systematic study of classroom discourse was reported.

A. 1930

B. 1910

C. 1652

D. 1920

2. The teacher talks almost all the time.

A. Silent

B. Active

C. Controlled

D. Managed

3. It is the language that teachers and students use to communicate with each other in the classroom.

A. Discourse Analysis

B. Stylistics

C. Discourse Language

D. Classroom Discourse

4. In this year, first use of audiotape recorders in classrooms was reported.

A. 1930
 B. 1975

C. 1910

D. 1960

5. In this year, there was growth in the numbers of studies based on analysis of transcripts of classroom

discourse.

A. 1912

B. 1980

C. 1960

D. 1950

6. Which is not included in Structure of Classroom Discourse?

A. A teacher asks a question.

B. One or two students answer.

C. The teacher comments on the students' answers

D. A teacher will give a task.

7. No one will answer if not asked.

A. Silent

B. Controlled

C. Active

D. Managed

8. Students talk primarily to each other.

A. Silent
 B. Controlled

C. Active

D. Managed

9. In this year, Break Rosenshine and Norma Furst described seventy-six different published systems for

analysing classroom discourse

A. 1912

B. 1980

C. 1960

D. 1973

10. Researchers have noted that students are more likely to have their thinking changed by their peers than

by their _____.

A. Parents

B. Colleagues

C. Teachers

D. Relatives

11. During interaction, teachers have the scope to identify the talent, intelligence and _____ of the pupils.

A. Greatness

B. Excellence

C. Bravery

D. Clarity

12. Learners can be prompted to ____ and do something new in the subject area.
 A. Create

B. Excel

C. Think

D. Invent

13. It provides learners the scope of _____ and probing into his/her subjects.

A. Speaking

B. Doing

C. Creating

D. Inventing

14-15. Classroom Discourse brings ____ and ____ in the speech.

A. Clarity and Distinctiveness

B. Clarity and Properness

C. Properness and Distinctiveness

D. Detailed and Distinctiveness

Answer Key:

1. B

2. A

3. D

4. A

5. C
6. D

7. B

8. C

9. D

10. C

11. B

12. C

13. A

14 – 15. A
POST TEST

IDENTIFICATION

Direction: Read and Analyze each item carefully and write the correct answer on the space provided.

1. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations.

2. Conducting discourse analysis means examining how ____________ and how meaning is

created in different social contexts.

3. Unlike linguistic approaches that focus only on the rules of language use, discourse analysis

emphasizes the _______________ of language.

4. It focuses on the ___________ of communication and the ways people use language to achieve

specific effects.

5. Instead of focusing on ______ units of language, such as sounds, words or phrases, discourse

analysis is used to study larger chunks of language.

6. It means a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by

similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

7. A process of looking at several samples of particular genre to analyze their similarities and

differences in terms of their purposes, macrostructure and language choice.

8. This approach is focuses on the moves and steps analysis within a genre.

9. He attempts to explain and describe the organizational pattern of writing the introduction to

scholarly research studies.

10. C.A.R.S stands for?

11. This is a subset of Coherence.

12. _______ is about making everything flow smoothly.

13. Cohesion is derived from the word “Cohere” which means to?

14. What type of transitional devices is the example word "similarly and equally"?
15. First, I’ll explain the rules of the game. What transitional words used to this sentence?

16. A systematic representation of language in written form.

17. It is a way of describing materials to make them easy to identify and locate.

18. A research method for studying written or spoken language in relation to its social context.

19. A level which a text can be analyzed for how it creates emphasis or builds a narrative.

20. 10. The interaction between people in a conversation, such as turn-taking, interruptions and

listener response, can reveal aspects of cultural conventions and social roles.

21. It refers to the verbal concepts we hold ourselves and our emotional identification with those

self-descriptions.

22. Its main goal is usually to tell a story, often in order to make the audience feel differently about

a certain topic.

23. It is a specific kind of communication, but one that is often broadly defined.

24. It is usually used to help the audience visualize people and places, but it can also put the

audience in a particular mood or create a certain type of atmosphere.

25. It refers to academic, factual, informational language that is typically found in textbooks,

classroom lectures, technical papers, and the like.

26. The teacher talks almost all the time.

27. No one will answer if not asked.

28. Students talk primarily to each other.

29. Learners can be prompted to ____ and do something new in the subject area.

30. It provides learners the scope of _____ and probing into his/her subjects.
Answer Key:

1. Critical Discourse Analysis

2. Language Function

3. Contextual Meaning

4. Social Meaning

5. Smaller

6. Genre

7. Genre Analysis

8. C.A.R.S. Model

9. John Swales

10. Creating a Research Space

11. Cohesion

12. Coherence

13. Stick Together

14. Comparing

15. First

16. Transcription

17. Cataloguing

18. Discourse Analysis

19. Structure

20. Conversational Codes

21. Self-Identity

22. Narrative Discourse

23. Argumentative Discourse

24. Descriptive Discourse

25. Expository Discourse

26. Silent

27. Controlled

28. Active

29. Think

30. Speaking