MX3 MAPEH REVIEWER

MUSIC OF CHINA
-The music of China has one of the most ancient traditional and cultural music practices that
gave great contributions and influences to other Asian countries' music. The Chinese local
traditions and regional musical styles differ widely in history, theory, aesthetics,
instrumentation, practice, and philosophy. This is based on the doctrines of some Chinese
philosophers like Confucius.
-The Chinese called the musical notes as LUS, and named the tones for their position rather
than their specific pitch.
-Each lus has musical implications equivalent to colors, planets, substances, directions, or
animals. The five notes are: kung, shang, chiao, chih, and yu. The melody is not fixed in key and
may vary in monthly basis.
Vocal Forms
MO LI HUA:
-Chinese Vocal music is based on level of pitch that recognize the close relationship between
music and spoken word. Folk music includes dance pieces with lively melodies and rhythms on
lyrical, and occasionally, erotic songs.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC:
The Chinese musical instruments have eight categories according to the material used:
-bamboo
-wood
-silk
-gourd
-stone
-metal
-skin
-clay
-Like the tones, the instruments have associations with a particular substance, direction,
season, or power. For example, the dru, is related with the north, winter, water, and skin, while
the bell symbolizes the west, autumn, humidity, and metal.
-The percussion instruments were given significance for the color of their sounds rather than
for their rhythmic importance. Indeed, the Chinese rhythm is less complex than the music of
the other countries like India and Africa.
-The instruments can be played solo, ensemble, or large orchestra in court. Instrument
classifications are according to sounds created.
BOWED STRINGS
ERHU:
-This is one of the famous Chinese
instruments. This is a two-string, violin like
instrument played with a bow. This has a
melancholic sound. This usually plays the
solo part in a composition.

PLUCKED STRINGS
PIPA:
-This has four strings and thirty frets on a gourd-shaped frame. This is a Chinese version of the
mandolin or ukulele.

GUQIN:
-This is a seven-stringed zither without bridges. This is
the most ancient Chinese instrument with over 3000
years of history. This is literally called qin yet commonly
known as guqin, where gu stamds for all string
isntruments. Confucius was a great master of this
instrument.

GUZHENG
-This is a large instrument with eighteen to twenty three
strings. Usually played by a female, This is commonly played in
streets or parks. This accompanies opera and concert
performances. Similar to Japanese Koto.

WINDS
DIZI
-This is a bamboo side-blown or transverse flute with six fingerholes. One
hole is covered with a membrane to produce a buzzing sound or rattling
effect.

WINDS
-This is a vertical end-blown flute made of bamboo. This is played to accompany long, quiet,
and sentimental music.
SUONA, LABA or HAIDI
-This is a blowing instrument like a horn. This has a keen resonant sound
effect needed for drum music, local opera, and ballad performances.

SHENG
-This is considered one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments. This is a
mouth organ similar to a panpipe instrument with twelve to thirty-six
bamboo pipes. Each pipe is of a different length with a brass reed at the
bottom and fingering holes to produce a variety of sounds. This can play a
melody with chords simultaneously.

PERCUSSIONS
CHING AND CHAP
-These are small cymbals. They signal entrances and endings of a
composition.

YU
-This is a tiger-like animal resting on a sounding box. This is played to mark the end
of a strophe.

Arts and Crafts of East Asia (Chinese, Korean, Japanese Paintings)

Chinese Painting
-Painting started from prehistoric humans. They used red ochre and black pigment. Early
paintings often showed hunting scenes of humans chasing various animals like horses,
rhinoceros, lions, buffaloes, mammoths, etc. These prehistoric paintings were drawn on the
caves’ walls or block of stones. These paintings can be found all over the world including china.
The history of East Asian painting is as old as the civilization of China. It is historically
comparable to Western paintings. Even up to this date, East Asian countries especially China
still influences the modern art production. Landscape painting was regarded as the
quintessential form of Chinese painting. They also consider the three major components of
landscape painting: nature, heaven, and humankind. The themes also represent the seasons
and humanity’s harmony with nature. The Chinese concept that highlights the harmony
between man and nature is tianren heyi.
Landscape Painting
-The Chinese landscapes often reflect nature. Notice in the landscape below, how the colors of
the artist’s muted palette combine with the asymmetrically balanced composition tocreate a
sense of harmony.
Fisherman Huts and Clearing Skies in Autumn (Wang Hui)
Chinese artist Wang Hui (1632-1717) used techniques such as aerial
perspective
and overlapping to show mountains receding into a distance along
the shore.

As you look at the details of the artworks, notice the following:

1. The values are darker in the foreground and lighter in the
background.

2. The mountains in the foreground appear larger than those in the

background.

The Chinese landscapes frequently combine painting and writing. The delicate
and detailed designs are most often created with ink on paper or silk. To the
Chinese, their flowing form of writing with brush is called calligraphy. Look at
the painting again, where do you notice the calligraphy?

Silk painting is also a part of the Chinese arts and traditions. However, it was
expensive and was then considered a luxury.

Zheng Xie also known as Zheng Banqiao(1693–1765)

-The philosophies and core beliefs of Confucianism, Daoism or Taoism, and Buddhism played an
important role in East Asian art. One has to remember that Chinese art is more concerned
about expressing the human understanding of relationship between nature and humanity.

-One of the theories in Chinese painting in terms of attaining perfection goes that the artist
should have initially spent a contemplative moment about the theme to be painted. According
to a Chinese landscape painter, Kuo His’ “An artist should identify himself with the landscape
and watch it until its significance is revealed to him.

-To make one’s painting interesting, the Chinese follow these “Six Principles ofPainting” also
known as the ”Six Cannons of Painting” These principles were taken from the preface of Zheng
Xie He’s book entitled “The Record of the Classification of Old Painters. Xie He was a writer, art
historian, and critic in fifth century China.
They are as follows:
1. “Spirit Resonance” or vitality
This is the whole energy of the work art. Observe rhythm and movements through spirit
consonance. Transfer the nervous energy transmitted from the artist into the work. According
to Xie He, without spirit consonance, there was no need to look further. Viewing true art is like
taking on the heartbeat and breathing of someone else. During the time of Zheng Xie , it was
not only important to document, but it was also more significant to feel something.

2. “Bone Method” or the way of using the brush

-This does not only refer to the element of texture and brush strokes, but also a close link
between handwriting and character. During Xie He’s days, the art of calligraphy was indivisible
from painting.

3. “Correspondence to the Object” or the depiction of form

-This means the line and shape of the subject, and how the artist brings them together. A
remarkable art will bring new understanding to even traditional subjects.

4. “Suitability to Type” or the application of color

-Use colors correctly, that includes layers, value and tone. Xie He believed an artist should
recreate the image being painted and be faithful to the subject’s `reality.
Zheng Xie also known as Zheng Banqiao(1693–1765)
-The philosophies and core beliefs of Confucianism, Daoism or Taoism, and Buddhism played an
important role in East Asian art. One has to remember that Chinese art is more concerned
about expressing the human understanding of relationship between nature and humanity. One
of the theories in Chinese painting in terms of attaining perfection goes that the artist should
have initially spent a contemplative moment about the theme to be painted. According to a
Chinese landscape painter, Kuo His’ “An artist should identify himself with the landscape and
watch it until its significance is revealed to him. To make one’s painting interesting, the Chinese
follow these “Six Principles of Painting” also known as the ”Six Cannons of Painting” These
principles were taken from the preface of Zheng Xie He’s book entitled “The Record of the
Classification of Old Painters. Xie He was a writer, art historian, and critic in fifth century China.

They are as follows:

1. “Spirit Resonance” or vitality
This is the whole energy of the work art. Observe rhythm and movements through spirit
consonance. Transfer the nervous energy transmitted from the artist into the work. According
to Xie He, without spirit consonance, there was no need to look further. Viewing true art is like
taking on the heartbeat and breathing of someone else. During the time of Zheng Xie , it was
not only important to document, but it was also more significant to feel something.

2. “Bone Method” or the way of using the brush

This does not only refer to the element of texture and brush strokes, but also a close link
between handwriting and character. During Xie He’s days, the art of calligraphy was indivisible
from painting.
3. “Correspondence to the Object” or the depiction of form
This means the line and shape of the subject, and how the artist brings them together. A
remarkable art will bring new understanding to even traditional subjects.

4. “Suitability to Type” or the application of color

Use colors correctly, that includes layers, value and tone. Xie He believed an artist should
recreate the image being painted and be faithful to the subject’s reality.

5. “Division and Planning” or placing and arrangement, corresponding to

composition, space, and depth Live up to the tradition by copying the master’s artwork.
Composition refers to the choices an artist makes about his or her subject, and how it be
framed and viewed. Remember that framing a work is not about the wood placed on the edges
of a painting, it is a reference to how much is in view. A good composition will give the painting
life. It will take only the most important parts of the vision and leave off the extras. Planning is
very important part of art. It makes use of the artist’s experience and skill in bringing his or her
vision to the eye of his or her viewer.

6. “Transmission by Copying” or the copying of models

Copy the correct proportion of the objects and nature, not only from life but also the works of
antiquity. Zheng Xie was referring to learning from what has come before in order to move
forward, leaving nothing behind. If artists did not remember and learn from the masters, then
art would never have evolved to the variety of this modern age.
To become truly great, it is important to learn as much as possible and apply it to your own
personal style, moving forward but keeping your eyes open to the greatness that has come
before.

Korean Painting:
-The history of Korean painting dates back to 108 C.E., when it first appeared as an independent
form.
-It is said that until the Joseon dynasty, the primary influence of Korean paintings was Chinese
paintings.
-North and South Korean paintings subjects are usually divided into four categories: Landscape,
minhwa, the four gracious plants, and portrait styles.
-However, their common subjects were landscapes, facial features, Buddhist themes, and
emphasis on celestial observations.
LANDSCAPE PAINTING/ TRUE VIEW
Minhwa (traditional folk painting)
-Minhwa literally means "painting of the people" or "popular painting".
This type of painting was often the work of anonymous craftsmen who
faithfully adhered to the styles, canons, and genres inherited from the
past. Minhwa also involved a magical dimension. They were believed to
possess beneficial virtues and to protect the owner and his family from
evil forces. They feature popular themes such as cranes, rocks, water,
clouds, the sun, moon, pine-trees, tortoises, insects and flowers. ”

The Four Gracious Plant/ Four Gentlemen/ Four Noble

Ones
-Chrysanthemum symbolizes productivity andautumn
-Bamboo symbolizes integrity and winter
-Orchids sumbolizes refinement and summer
-Plum Blossoms symbolizes courage in a gentlemenand
spring

Protrait Styles
-The detail from "Taking a Rest after Reading Books" by Jeong
Seon is believed to be a self- portrait of the painter.
-Jeong is one of the most famous Kore an painters. He is the
first painter of true-view Korean landscapes
-"True-view” landscape painting refers to paintings of scenery
that truly existed in Korea

JAPAN
-When artists want more than one copy of an artwork, they make prints. A print is a mark or
shape made on a flat surface by an inked block, a piece of carved wood or linoluem, or by a
plate- a thin sheet of material like metal.
Woodblock printing
- is a technique for printing text, images, or patterns being widely used throughout East Asian
Countries. It actually originated from China as a method of printing textiles, but eventually
became a method for printing paper.
- This method is adapted in Japan during the Edo period and became one of their oldest and
most highly developed visual arts. Japanese artworks commonly exhibits scenes from everyday
life and narrative scenes crowded with figures and details.
HIROSHIGE’S NARUTO WHIRLPOOL
-Japanese Artist Ando Hiroshige created this asymmetrical balanced
woodblock print. Look at the work of Hiroshige. Notice how Hiroshige
created a rhythm and movement with the pattern of swirling lines in
the whirlpool and the staggered lines of the crashing waves.

Ukiyo-e
-One of the best known and popular styles of Japanese art is Ukiyo-e, which means pictures of the
floating world. This is related to the style of woodblock printmaking that show scenes in harmony and
carefree everyday living Ukiyo-e One of the best known and popular styles of Japanese art is Ukiyo-e,
which means pictures of the floating world. This is related to the style of woodblock printmaking that
show scenes in harmony and carefree everyday living . Ukiyo-e is produced by using different media,
including painting. It's artists produced woodblock prints and paintings of such subjects as female
beauties; kabuki actors and sumo wrestlers; scenes from history and folk tales; travel scenes and
landscapes; flora and fauna; and erotica.

The Fifty-Three Stations of the Tōkaidō

-The series includes one print for the departure,Nihonbashi (the bridge of Japan), and a final one, the
55th print, Keishi, Kyoto, the imperial capital.

Music of China

Musical notes- Lus (Pentatonic scale)

5 different tones- kung, shang, chiao, chih and yu

They are equivalent to directions, substances or animals
Vocal forms
Mo li hua ( jasmine flower)

Instrumental music (like tones, they have associations to direction, substance, season)

Bowed instruments
*Erhu- 2 stringed violin like instrument

Plucked Strings
*Pipa-gourd shaped frame with four strings and 30 frets
*Guqin- most ancient chinese instrument. 7 string zither
*Guzheng- large instrument with 18-23 strings. similar to japanese instrument koto.

Winds
*Dizi- side blown bamboo flute (transverse flute)
*Xiao- vertical end blown flute. Usually used to accompanu sentimental music
*Suona, Laba, or Haidi- blowing instrument like horn
*Sheng- one of the oldest instruments. Mouth organ similar to panpipe instrument.

Percussions
*Ching and chap- small cymbals that signals the entrance and end of compositions
*Yu- tiger like sounding box. Played to mark the end of an strophe

Arts of East Asia (Chinese, Korean, and Japanese Painting)

China
*History of Chinese Painting
*Components for landscape painting (heaven, humankind, and nature)
*Six principles/ six cannons of painting
-spirit resonance
-bone method
-correspondence to the object
-suitability to type
-division and planning
-transmission by copying

Korea
*History of Korean Painting
*Categories for painting
-landscape (true view)
-minhwa (traditional folk painting, painting of the people, anonymous artist)
-four noble ones (orchid, plum blossoms, bamboo, chrysanthemum)
-portrait styles (self portrait)
Japan
*Wood block printing
*Ukiyo-e (pictures of floating world)
- fifty three stations of tokaido