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H om e / A Level / Biology / CIE / Revision Notes / 14. Homeostasis / 14.1 Homeostasis in Mammals / 14.1.3 Kidney Structure

14.1.3 Kidney Structure 1. CELL STRUCTURE

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2. BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Structure of the Human Kidney

3. ENZYMES
Humans have two kidneys
The kidneys are responsible for carrying out two very important functions: 4. CELL MEMBRANES &
As an osmoregulatory organ - they regulate the water content of the TRANSPORT
blood (vital for maintaining blood pressure)
As an excretory organ - they excrete the toxic waste products of 5. THE MITOTIC CELL CYCLE
metabolism (such as urea) and substances in excess of requirements
(such as salts)
6. NUCLEIC ACIDS &
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

7. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

8. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS

9. GAS EXCHANGE

10. INFECTIOUS DISEASES

11. IMMUNITY

12. ENERGY & RESPIRATION

13. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

14. HOMEOSTASIS

The position of the kidneys and their associated structures

14.1 Homeostasis in
Ma mmals

y
The function of the kidne s & their associated structures

14.1.1 Homeostasis

14.1.2 Production of Urea

14.1.3 Kidney Structure

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 14.1.4 Ne hp ron S c e
tru tur

14.1.5 F orm ai
t on o fU i e
r n

14.1.6 O smor eg a i
ul t on

14.1.7 The C ontrol o fB loo d

G c e
lu os

14.1.8 Te S i
st tr ps &
Bi e
os nsors

14.2 H om e ost a i i Pa
s s n l nts

CONTROL &
15.

COORDINATION

16. INHERITANCE

The id ey i e f i
k n ts l s surroun ded by a fairly tough outer layer known as the fibrous
capsule 17. SELECTION & EVOLUTION
Be ea h he fib
n t t ca e, he id ey ha three main areas:
rous psul t k n s

The cortex (c ai he g e , a we a he B w a ’ ca
ont ns t lom e, rulus s ll st o m n s psul
18.CLASSIFICATION,
BIODIVERSITY &
xi a c v
pro m ed b e, a d di a c v
l on olut ed b e f he
tu ul n st l on olut tu ul o t
CONSERVATION
e hn p) rons

The medulla (c ai he f He e a d c ec i g d c f he
ont ns t loop o nl n oll t n u to t
19. GENETIC TECHNOLOGY
e hn p) rons

The renal pelvis (whe e he e e i he id ey) r t ur t r jo ns t k n

A cross-section of a kidney (as seen when cut in half vertically)


Exam Tip
Ma e
k e you can identify all the structures mentioned on this page if you
sur

are presented with a diagram of the kidney and its associated structures,
or a diagram with a vertical cross-section of the kidney itself.

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