Reading Proficiency

- Reading proficiency is the essential skill required for academic success, especially
after the third grade. Students are expected to be readers at the end of third grade, so
reading instruction time is diminished or eliminated in favor of other disciplines.

- Reading Proficiency is the outcome in this study that may affects by the input
variables.
Reading
- Reading is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting meaning
from them. When we read, we use our eyes to receive written symbols, letters,
punctuation marks and spaces and we use our brain to convert them into words,
sentences and paragraphs that communicate something to us.

- Reading is one of the most important language skills to learn both in and out of the
classroom since readers use a variety of specialized talents, and their ability to absorb
the content of what they read is dependent on their comprehension, which is the
primary purpose of reading. And in our study, reading the main variable that affects
by the factors that serves as hindrance in improving reading.
Factor
- A factor is one of the things that affects an event, decision, or situation.

- Factors are the variables in the study that we believe will influence the results.
Factors can also be called independent variables, explanatory variables, manipulator
variables, or risk factors.

Background Knowledge
- Background knowledge is the amount of information or knowledge someone has on a
particular topic. Background knowledge is acquired by the number of experiences
someone has in life or the amount of knowledge they have retained from reading or
listening.

- Background Knowledge is one of the input or cognitive factors affecting reading

proficiency in this study.

Vocabulary
- Vocabulary is a list or collection of words or of words and phrases usually
alphabetically arranged and explained or defined.

- Vocabulary is defined as a cognitive factor in this study, it is a variable that may

cause affect the improvement of the reading proficiency.
Fluency
- Fluency is defined as the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression.
In order to understand what they read, children must be able to read fluently whether
they are reading aloud or silently.
- I n this study, fluency also serve as one of the cognitive factors in this study that may
affect the reading proficiency of the English major students of Tarlac State
University..