Chemical Kinetics

• The area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or rates at which a chemical reaction occurs
Kinetics: suggests movement or change but in chemical kinetics, it refers to
REACTION RATE
- The change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with time (M/s)
FACTORS AFECTING RATE OF REACTIONS

• Phase
• Temperature
• Concentration or Pressure
• Surface Area

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE OF REACTION

• Enzyme becomes denatured above the optimum temperature

THE RATE LAW

• expresses the relationship of the rate of a reaction to the rate constant and the concentrations
of the reactants raised to some powers

• For the reaction

aA + bB cC dD
the rate law takes the form
rate =[A]x [B]y

FIRST-ORDER REACTION

• a reaction whose rate depends on the reactant concentration raised to the first power
∆[ A]
• combining rate = k[A] and rate = - -
∆t
∆[ A]
we get - -
∆t
which, using calculus, will lead to
In [A]=-kt + In [A]σ

Reaction Half- time

• the time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease half of its initial concentration
 1 ¿2 0.693
• Formula: t = =
2 k k
COLLISION THEORY

• the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the number of molecular collisions per second, or
to the frequency of molecular collisions

CATALYSIS

• a modification, especially the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a material unchanged

chemically at the end of the reaction
• Catalysis- a substance that increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy