Math 276 Di¤erential Equations

Exercises 9
Substitutions

Solve the following di¤erential equations by making an appropriate

substitution.
1. (x + 2y 1)dx + 3(x + 2y)dy = 0
(Solution: x + 3y + c = ln(x + y + 2))
2. (1 + 3x sin y)dx x2 cos ydy = 0
(Hint: Use the substitution u = sin y; Solution: 4x sin y = cx4 1)
3. Use the substitution u = x2 y 2 to …nd the general solution of
x2 y 0 + 2xy = x2 y 2
cex + 2
Solution: y(x) =
x2
4. Use the substitution u = tan y to …nd the general solution of
tan y (x2 + tan y)
y0 = ; x>0
x3 sec2 y
x2
Solution: y(x) = arctan
1 + cx
2
5. Use the substitution u = (y 0 ) to solve the di¤erential equation
4
y 0 y 00 = x (y 0 ) satisfying the initial conditions y(0) = 1; y 0 (0) = 1
(Solution: y(x) = 1 arcsin x)
6. x3 y 0 + 3x2 y = (x3 y)2 + 1
tan(x + c)
Solution: y(x) =
x3
7. y 0 = sin(x + y)
8. y 0 = (x y + 5)2
9. y 0 = y + x(y + 1)2 + 1
10. x2 e2y y 0 + xe2y = ln x
(Hint: Use the substitution u = x2 e2y )
Some higher order di¤erential equations can be reduced to …rst order equations
by a suitable substitution. In exercises 11-14 solve the given equations.
11. xy 00 = y 0 + x(y 0 )2
12. y 00 = 2x(y 0 )2
13. y 00 = 1 + (y 0 )2
14. xy 00 = y 0 + (y 0 )2
15. y 00 + 2y(y 0 )3 = 0
16. y 00 = y 0 ey
(Hint for the exercises 15-16: Use the substitution
dp dp dy dp
y 0 = p; y 00 = = = p
dx dy dx dy
This substitution can also be used for the exercise 5)

Prepared by U.Yüksel